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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Existentialism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 101 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eksistensialisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existenzialismus" title="Existenzialismus – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Existenzialismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%85%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%8D%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ኅልውነት – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኅልውነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وجودية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وجودية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esistencialismu" title="Esistencialismu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esistencialismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeikogua_reko" title="Jeikogua reko – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jeikogua reko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzistensializm" title="Ekzistensializm – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ekzistensializm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82" title="واراولوشچولوق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="واراولوشچولوق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="অস্তিত্ববাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অস্তিত্ববাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBn-ch%C4%81i-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Chûn-chāi-chú-gī – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chûn-chāi-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзистенциализм – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Экзистенциализм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзістэнцыялізм – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экзістэнцыялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзыстэнцыялізм – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Экзыстэнцыялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Екзистенциализъм – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екзистенциализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzistencijalizam" title="Egzistencijalizam – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Egzistencijalizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencialisme" title="Existencialisme – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Existencialisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзистенциализм – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Экзистенциализм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistensyalismo" title="Eksistensyalismo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Eksistensyalismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencialismus" title="Existencialismus – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Existencialismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirfodaeth" title="Dirfodaeth – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dirfodaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistentialisme" title="Eksistentialisme – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eksistentialisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialismus" title="Existentialismus – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Existentialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistentsialism" title="Eksistentsialism – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eksistentsialism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BE%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Υπαρξισμός – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπαρξισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Existentialism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencialismo" title="Existencialismo – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Existencialismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzistadismo" title="Ekzistadismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekzistadismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentzialismo" title="Existentzialismo – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Existentzialismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="اگزیستانسیالیسم – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اگزیستانسیالیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialisme" title="Existentialisme – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Existentialisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiseachas" title="Eiseachas – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eiseachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencialismo" title="Existencialismo – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Existencialismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="存在主義 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="存在主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%A1%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="실존주의 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="실존주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imanin_wanzuwa" title="Imanin wanzuwa – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Imanin wanzuwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%84%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Էքզիստենցիալիզմ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էքզիստենցիալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अस्तित्ववाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अस्तित्ववाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija_egzistencije" title="Filozofija egzistencije – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filozofija egzistencije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencialismo" title="Existencialismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Existencialismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksistensialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialismo" title="Existentialismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Existentialismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilvistarstefna" title="Tilvistarstefna – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tilvistarstefna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esistenzialismo" title="Esistenzialismo – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esistenzialismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אקזיסטנציאליזם – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקזיסטנציאליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ksist%C3%A8nsialisme" title="Èksistènsialisme – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èksistènsialisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6" title="ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವವಾದ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವವಾದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ეგზისტენციალიზმი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეგზისტენციალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзистенциализм – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экзистенциализм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egz%C3%AEstansiyal%C3%AEzm" title="Egzîstansiyalîzm – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Egzîstansiyalîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзистенциализм – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экзистенциализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exsistentialista" title="Exsistentialista – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Exsistentialista" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistenci%C4%81lisms" title="Eksistenciālisms – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eksistenciālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzistencializmas" title="Egzistencializmas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Egzistencializmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialisme" title="Existentialisme – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Existentialisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esistentialisme" title="Esistentialisme – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esistentialisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zatsi%27o" title="zatsi'o – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zatsi'o" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzisztencializmus" title="Egzisztencializmus – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egzisztencializmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Егзистенцијализам – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Егзистенцијализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="അസ്തിത്വവാദം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസ്തിത്വവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="وجوديه – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وجوديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eksistensialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзистенциализм – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Экзистенциализм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="ဖြစ်တည်မှုပဓာနဝါဒ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖြစ်တည်မှုပဓာနဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialisme" title="Existentialisme – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Existentialisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अस्तित्ववाद – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अस्तित्ववाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9F%E5%AD%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="実存主義 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="実存主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eksistensialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eksistensialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencialisme" title="Existencialisme – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Existencialisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzistensializm" title="Ekzistensializm – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ekzistensializm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਅਸਤਿਤਵਵਾਦ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਸਤਿਤਵਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="موجودیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موجودیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87_(%D8%A7%DA%AB%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%85)" title="هستي پالنه (اګزیستانسیالېزم) – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هستي پالنه (اګزیستانسیالېزم)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzistenshalizim" title="Egzistenshalizim – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Egzistenshalizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzystencjalizm" title="Egzystencjalizm – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Egzystencjalizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencialismo" title="Existencialismo – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Existencialismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existen%C8%9Bialism" title="Existențialism – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Existențialism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Экзистенциализм – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экзистенциализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esistentzialismu" title="Esistentzialismu – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Esistentzialismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzistencializmi" title="Ekzistencializmi – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekzistencializmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Existentialism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="وجوديت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وجوديت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existencializmus" title="Existencializmus – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Existencializmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistencializem" title="Eksistencializem – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Eksistencializem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ئێگزیستانسیالیزم – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێگزیستانسیالیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzistencijalizam" title="Egzistencijalizam – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Egzistencijalizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzistencijalizam" title="Egzistencijalizam – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Egzistencijalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistentialismi" title="Eksistentialismi – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eksistentialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksistensiyalismo" title="Eksistensiyalismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Eksistensiyalismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இருத்தலியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இருத்தலியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a 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hreflang="tr" data-title="Varoluşçuluk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Екзистенціалізм – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екзистенціалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="وجودیت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وجودیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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style="line-height:140%;text-align:center;margin:0.0em 0.4;padding-bottom:0.5em;padding:0.2em 0.4;vertical-align:text-top;font-size:90%">Filosofisk strömning under sent 1800-tal och tidigt 1900-tal<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066" title="Redigera Wikidata"><img alt="Redigera Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/8px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/16px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></div><div style="text-align:center;padding:0.0em 0.4"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kierkegaard-Dostoyevsky-Nietzsche-Sartre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kierkegaard-Dostoyevsky-Nietzsche-Sartre.jpg/185px-Kierkegaard-Dostoyevsky-Nietzsche-Sartre.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kierkegaard-Dostoyevsky-Nietzsche-Sartre.jpg/278px-Kierkegaard-Dostoyevsky-Nietzsche-Sartre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kierkegaard-Dostoyevsky-Nietzsche-Sartre.jpg/370px-Kierkegaard-Dostoyevsky-Nietzsche-Sartre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div><div style="line-height:140%;padding-bottom:0.5em;text-align:center;font-size:90%">Søren Kierkegaard, Fjodor Dostojevskij, Friedrich Nietzsche och Jean-Paul Sartre.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066#P18" title="Redigera Wikidata"><img alt="Redigera Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/8px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/16px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></div><table style="line-height:140%;table-layout:fixed;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;padding-bottom:0.5em;width:100%;hyphens:auto;font-size:90%"><caption style="background-color:LightGrey;margin-top:0.4em;font-weight:bold;margin:0.5em 0;padding:1em 1"><span><span>Stilperiod</span>, <span>filosofisk rörelse</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066#P31" title="Redigera Wikidata"><img alt="Redigera Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/8px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/16px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:text-top">Praktiseras av</th><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:text-top"><span><span>existentialist</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066#P3095" title="Redigera Wikidata"><img alt="Redigera Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/8px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/16px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:text-top">Har del(ar)</th><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:text-top"><span><span>existential philosophy</span>, <span>existentialism</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066#P527" title="Redigera Wikidata"><img alt="Redigera Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/8px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/16px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Existentialism</b>, under sin höjdpunkt oftast kallad <b>existentialfilosofin</b>, är en <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofisk</a> strömning under sent <a href="/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet">1800-tal</a> och första halvan av <a href="/wiki/1900-talet" title="1900-talet">1900-talet</a>. Mellan de filosofer som benämns existentialister finns väsentliga skillnader,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men de delade tron att filosofiskt <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4nkande" title="Tänkande">tänkande</a> börjar med det mänskliga subjektet – inte bara det tänkande subjektet utan det agerande och kännande, den levande <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniska" title="Människa">mänskliga</a> <a href="/wiki/Individ" title="Individ">individen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inom existentialismen karaktäriseras en individs startpunkt efter vad som har kallats för "den existentiella inställningen", eller en känsla av desorientering inför vad som tycks vara en <a href="/wiki/Meningen_med_livet" title="Meningen med livet">meningslös</a> och absurd värld.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Många existentialister har också betraktat systematisk, <a href="/wiki/Akademi" title="Akademi">akademisk</a> filosofi, både till form och innehåll, som alltför abstrakt och främmande inför konkret mänsklig erfarenhet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En term som myntats i koppling till existentialismen är <a href="/wiki/Absurdism" title="Absurdism">absurdism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sartre_and_de_Beauvoir_at_Balzac_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sartre_and_de_Beauvoir_at_Balzac_Memorial.jpg/190px-Sartre_and_de_Beauvoir_at_Balzac_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sartre_and_de_Beauvoir_at_Balzac_Memorial.jpg/285px-Sartre_and_de_Beauvoir_at_Balzac_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sartre_and_de_Beauvoir_at_Balzac_Memorial.jpg/380px-Sartre_and_de_Beauvoir_at_Balzac_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="2127" /></a><figcaption>Jean-Paul Sartre och <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tidiga_år"><span id="Tidiga_.C3.A5r"></span>Tidiga år</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tidiga år" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tidiga år"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trots att ordet existentialism inte myntades förrän på slutet av <a href="/wiki/1940-talet" title="1940-talet">1940-talet</a>, har den rötter bakåt till 1800-talet. Ordet 'existentialism' blev då ett modeord, som användes om många vitt skilda ting. Den mer kompletta filosofiska inriktningen, som numera oftast kallas "existentialismen", var dock den riktning som Jean-Paul Sartre och en grupp runt honom utvecklade. </p><p>Existentialismen växte fram under 1900-talet som en rörelse inom litteraturen och filosofin. Den förebådades särskilt av 1800-talsfilosoferna <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a> och <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, även om det hade funnits föregångare under tidigare århundraden. <a href="/wiki/Fjodor_Dostojevskij" title="Fjodor Dostojevskij">Fjodor Dostojevskij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Sjestov" title="Lev Sjestov">Lev Sjestov</a> och <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a> skildrade också existentiella teman i sina litterära verk. </p><p>Det som på 1800-talet och det tidiga 1900-talet lade grunden för existentialismen kallades på sin tid vanligen för existentialfilosofi. En viktig existentialfilosof var <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>, som levde i <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> kring mitten av 1800-talet. Kierkegaard var troende kristen och betonade den enskilda människans val och ansvar, grundade på upplevelsen av sin egen existens. Han vände sig mot <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>, vars tänkande var förhärskande under den tiden, som såg människan som en <a href="/wiki/Kollektivism" title="Kollektivism">kollektiv</a> varelse. Dessutom skilde Kierkegaard mellan Gud, människan och naturen: Gud hade skapat människan och naturen, och skillnaden mellan naturen och människan låg i att naturen endast var för sig själv, medan människan <i>förhöll</i> sig till naturen. Naturen var orsaksbestämd medan människan var fri i förhållandet till sin existens i tiden. Dessa tankar återkommer senare hos Sartre. </p><p>En annan förgrundsgestalt var Friedrich Nietzsche, som myntade uttrycket "<a href="/wiki/Gud_%C3%A4r_d%C3%B6d" class="mw-redirect" title="Gud är död">Gud är död</a>" och som främst var en kritisk moralfilosof. Han skrev om <a href="/wiki/%C3%96verm%C3%A4nniska" title="Övermänniska">övermänniskan</a>, en förhöjd varelse som vågade bryta sig ur den kristna slavmoralen och skapa sig en egen moral. Delar av Nietzsches läror togs sedan upp av <a href="/wiki/Nazist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazist">nazisterna</a>, men då i en vulgär tolkning. Nietzsche och Kierkegaard gav främst impulser angående den etiska delen till existentialismen samt vad som var väsentligt att studera, det vill säga människans existens i världen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tyskland_och_Sartre">Tyskland och Sartre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tyskland och Sartre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tyskland och Sartre"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som filosofisk strömning inom den kontinentala filosofin, tog existentialismen uttrycklig form under 1930-talets Tyskland och sedermera genom <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartres</a> och <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoirs</a> arbeten, tillsammans med mer kritiska arbeten av <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> (som han själv hävdade i en intervju) under 1940- och 1950-talets <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>. Deras arbeten fokuserade på teman såsom tristess, <a href="/wiki/Alienation" title="Alienation">alienation</a>, det absurda, frihet, hängivenhet och tomhet som grundläggande i den mänskliga tillvaron. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a>, tysk filosof och matematiker vid sekelskiftet 1900, grundade den moderna <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">fenomenologin</a>. Existentialismen grundar sig på en fenomenologisk analys, det vill säga att undersöka förhållandet mellan människan och tingen. Fenomenologin tar sin utgångspunkt i människans <a href="/wiki/Medvetande" title="Medvetande">medvetande</a> för att få kunskap om studieobjektet. Husserl menade bland annat att medvetandet alltid riktas mot någonting, det vill säga det är omöjligt att tänka på ingenting. En efterföljare till Husserl var <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a>, som på 20-talet med en fenomenologisk analys formulerade sin högst egna existentialfilosofi, bland annat i sitt magnum opus <i>Sein und Zeit</i> (sv: <i>Varat och tiden</i>). </p><p>På mitten av 1900-talet framträdde de franska "existensfilosoferna", som sedermera kom att kalla sig existentialister. Sartre är den för eftervärlden mest kände existentialisten, men det fanns åtskilliga fler, till exempel <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</a> och <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a>, som bland annat med boken <i><a href="/wiki/Det_andra_k%C3%B6net" title="Det andra könet">Det andra könet</a></i> lade grunden för andra vågens feministiska tänkare. </p><p>Sartres <i><a href="/wiki/Varat_och_intet" title="Varat och intet">Varat och intet</a></i> kom ut 1943 och var ett försök till ett filosofiskt system, som tog sin utgångspunkt i människan och hennes relation till omvärlden och andra människor. Verket var, och är, svårtillgängligt för en lekman, och tre år senare populariserade han sina idéer, samtidigt som han bemötte vissa angrepp på existentialismen i boken <i><a href="/wiki/Existentialismen_%C3%A4r_en_humanism" title="Existentialismen är en humanism">Existentialismen är en humanism</a>,</i> som ursprungligen byggde på en föreläsning han höll 1945. I <i>Varat och intet</i> utlovade Sartre en bok om etik som byggde på idéerna i <i>Varat och intet.</i> Någon sådan blev aldrig utgiven, men efter hans död hittades manuskriptet till denna tänkta bok, ett manuskript omfattande 600 sidor. </p><p>År 1945 startade Sartre tidskriften <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Temps_Modernes" title="Les Temps Modernes">Les Temps Modernes</a></i> tillsammans med några andra existentialister – en tidskrift som blev ett viktigt forum för den existentialistiska debatten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_och_debatt">Definition och debatt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Definition och debatt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Definition och debatt"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Existensen föregår essensen". "Människan är vad hon själv gör sig till". I boken <i><a href="/wiki/Existentialismen_%C3%A4r_en_humanism" title="Existentialismen är en humanism">Existentialismen är en humanism</a></i> (1946) redogör <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> för existentialismens bärande tankegångar. I enkla drag: människan definierar sig själv genom sina handlingar, och består i inget annat än handling. Genom <a href="/wiki/Fri_vilja" title="Fri vilja">personliga val</a> väljer hon själv sin egen och andras <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moral</a>, men detta får betydelse först efter handling (eller icke-handling). </p><p>Även om det finns några gemensamma tendenser bland existentialisterna, så finns det också stora skillnader och meningsskiljaktigheter. Framförallt finns det en uppdelning mellan <a href="/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism">ateistiska</a> existentialister såsom <a href="/wiki/Sartre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sartre">Sartre</a> och teistiska existentialister såsom <a href="/wiki/Tillich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillich">Tillich</a>. Alla accepterar heller inte termen existentialism.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Existentiell_psykoterapi" title="Existentiell psykoterapi">Existentiell psykoterapi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text">John Macquarrie, <i>Existentialism</i>, New York (1972), s. 18–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i>, red. Ted Honderich, New York (1995), s. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">John Macquarrie, <i>Existentialism</i>, New York (1972), s. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Solomon, <i>Existentialism</i> (McGraw-Hill, 1974, s. 1–2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ernst Breisach, <i>Introduction to Modern Existentialism</i>, New York (1962), s. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Walter Kaufmann, <i>Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre</i>, New York (1956), s. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Walter Kaufmann. <i>Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre</i>. (Cleveland: The World Publishing Company, 1956) 11</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Filosofi">Filosofi</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Västerländsk filosofi">Västerländsk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Österländsk filosofi">Österländsk</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofins_historia" title="Filosofins historia">Historia</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsokratisk_filosofi" title="Försokratisk filosofi">Försokratisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofins_historia#Antikens_filosofi" title="Filosofins historia">Antiken</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medeltidens_filosofi" title="Medeltidens filosofi">Medeltiden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssansens_filosofi" title="Renässansens filosofi">Renässansen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/1600-talets_filosofi" title="1600-talets filosofi">1600-talet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Upplysningstidens_filosofi" title="Upplysningstidens filosofi">Upplysningstiden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nutidens_filosofi" title="Nutidens filosofi">Nutid</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer" title="Kategori:Filosofer">Filosofer</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Sortering efter: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_epok" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter epok">epok</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_nationalitet" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter nationalitet">nationalitet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_religion" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter religion">religion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_tradition" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter tradition">tradition</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_verksamhetsomr%C3%A5de" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter verksamhetsområde">verksamhetsområde</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Grenar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Traditionella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Axiologi" title="Axiologi">Axiologi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estetik" title="Estetik">Estetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Etik" title="Etik">Etik</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" title="Epistemologi">Epistemologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Logik" title="Logik">Logik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik">Metafysik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">Ontologi</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Filosofi om…</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Filosofin_kring_artificiell_intelligens" title="Filosofin kring artificiell intelligens">Artificiell intelligens</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bioetik" title="Bioetik">Bioetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feminism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Handlingsteori" title="Handlingsteori">Handling</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Historiefilosofi" title="Historiefilosofi">Historia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Krigsfilosofi" title="Krigsfilosofi">Krig</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Matematikfilosofi" title="Matematikfilosofi">Matematik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medicinsk_filosofi" title="Medicinsk filosofi">Medicin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medvetandefilosofi" title="Medvetandefilosofi">Medvetande</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metafilosofi" title="Metafilosofi">Meta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naturfilosofi" title="Naturfilosofi">Natur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pedagogikens_filosofi" title="Pedagogikens filosofi">Pedagogik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsfilosofi" title="Rättsfilosofi">Rätt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialfilosofi" title="Socialfilosofi">Social</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfilosofi" title="Språkfilosofi">Språk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Religionsfilosofi" title="Religionsfilosofi">Religion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsteori" title="Vetenskapsteori">Vetenskap</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Skolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofins_historia#Antikens_filosofi" title="Filosofins historia">Antiken</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_filosofi" title="Kinesisk filosofi">Kinesisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konfucianism" title="Konfucianism">Konfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(kinesisk_filosofi)" title="Legalism (kinesisk filosofi)">Legalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mohism" title="Mohism">Mohism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Namnskolan" title="Namnskolan">Namnskolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daoism" title="Daoism">Taoism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yin-yang-skolan" title="Yin-yang-skolan">Yin-yang-skolan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Grekisk-romersk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelism" title="Aristotelism">Aristotelism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Atomism" title="Atomism">Atomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eleaterna" title="Eleaterna">Eleaterna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Epikurism" title="Epikurism">Epikurism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsokratisk_filosofi" title="Försokratisk filosofi">Försokrater</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/De_joniska_naturfilosoferna" title="De joniska naturfilosoferna">Joniska skolan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efesiska_skolan" title="Efesiska skolan">Efesiska skolan</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kyniska_skolan" title="Kyniska skolan">Kyniska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kyrenaiker" title="Kyrenaiker">Kyrenaiker</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peripatetiska_skolan" title="Peripatetiska skolan">Peripatetiska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nyplatonism" title="Nyplatonism">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pythagor%C3%A9erna" title="Pythagoréerna">Pytagoreism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nypytagoreism" title="Nypytagoreism">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sofister" title="Sofister">Sofister</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Indisk_filosofi" title="Indisk filosofi">Indisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajivika" title="Ajivika">Ajivika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sautrantika" title="Sautrantika">Sautrantika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yoga_sutra" title="Yoga sutra">Yoga sutra</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Medeltidens_filosofi" title="Medeltidens filosofi">Medeltiden</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Västerländsk filosofi">Västerländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kristen_filosofi" title="Kristen filosofi">Kristen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssanshumanism" title="Renässanshumanism">Renässanshumanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Österländsk filosofi">österländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Advaita" title="Advaita">Advaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neokonfucianism" title="Neokonfucianism">Neokonfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Modern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Allmänt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">Empirism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fundamentism" title="Fundamentism">Fundamentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(filosofi_och_historia)" title="Historicism (filosofi och historia)">Historicism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Anti-</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kollektivism" title="Kollektivism">Kollektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Kontraktualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(filosofi)" title="Naturalism (filosofi)">Naturalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nykantianism" title="Nykantianism">Nykantianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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#fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_marxism" title="Analytisk marxism">Analytisk marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Experimentell_filosofi" title="Experimentell filosofi">Experimentell filosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_kvietism" title="Filosofisk kvietism">Filosofisk kvietism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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livsåskådning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekul%C3%A4r_livs%C3%A5sk%C3%A5dning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekulär livsåskådning [inte skriven än]">Sekulär livsåskådning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodern livsåskådning</a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"> </div><span style="font-size:100%;">Religiösa livsåskådningar</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsreligion" title="Världsreligion">Världsreligion</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamitiska_religioner" title="Abrahamitiska religioner">Abrahamitiska religioner</a>(<a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">Kristendom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Judendom" title="Judendom">Judendom</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í">Bahá'í</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · 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style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"> </div><span style="font-size:100%;">Sekulära livsåskådningar</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Framträdande rörelser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sekul%C3%A4r_humanism" title="Sekulär humanism">Sekulär humanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Viktiga individer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ingemar_Hedenius" title="Ingemar Hedenius">Ingemar Hedenius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>101 språk</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nytt 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