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<li id="toc-Founding_principles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_principles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding principles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_principles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War:_1955–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War:_1955–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cold War: 1955–1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War:_1955–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_Reunification_1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_Reunification_1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>German Reunification 1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_Reunification_1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reorientation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reorientation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Reorientation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reorientation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordination_with_European_Partners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordination_with_European_Partners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Coordination with European Partners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordination_with_European_Partners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequences_of_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequences_of_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Consequences of 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consequences_of_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>History of organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Senior leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combat_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Combat forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Operational Command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Appearance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Uniforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rank_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Rank structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recruitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recruitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Recruitment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recruitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Bundeswehr</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الجيش الألماني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجيش الألماني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya_Silahl%C4%B1_Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Almaniya Silahlı Qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almaniya Silahlı Qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="জার্মানির সামরিক বাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মানির সামরিক বাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бундэсвер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бундэсвер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бундесвер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бундесвер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%85%D3%B3%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Федераллă хӳтĕлев вăйĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Федераллă хӳтĕлев вăйĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بوندس‌ور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوندس‌ور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EB%B0%A9%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%B0" title="독일 연방방위군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일 연방방위군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բունդեսվեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բունդեսվեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8" title="בונדסוור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בונדסוור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბუნდესვერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბუნდესვერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бундесвер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бундесвер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesv%C4%93rs" title="Bundesvērs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bundesvērs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesveras" title="Bundesveras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bundesveras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g_hadereje" title="Németország hadereje – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Németország hadereje" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бундесвер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бундесвер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E8%BB%8D" title="ドイツ連邦軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ連邦軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehra" title="Bundeswehra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bundeswehra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бундесвер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бундесвер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcat_e_Armatosura_Gjermane" title="Forcat e Armatosura Gjermane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forcat e Armatosura Gjermane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бундесвер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бундесвер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysklands_f%C3%B6rsvarsmakt" title="Tysklands försvarsmakt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tysklands försvarsmakt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="บุนเดิสแวร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บุนเดิสแวร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bundeswehr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бундесвер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бундесвер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%86%9B" title="德国联邦国防军 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德国联邦国防军" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="聯邦國防軍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聯邦國防軍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Combined military forces of Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Military of Germany" and "Armed forces of Germany" redirect here. For historical armed forces of Germany, see <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Germany_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Military of Germany (disambiguation)">Military of Germany (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Federal Defence Forces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Bundeswehr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Logo_of_the_Bundeswehr.svg/220px-Logo_of_the_Bundeswehr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Logo_of_the_Bundeswehr.svg/330px-Logo_of_the_Bundeswehr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Logo_of_the_Bundeswehr.svg/440px-Logo_of_the_Bundeswehr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Wir. Dienen. Deutschland.</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />("We. Serve. Germany.")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">12 November 1955<span class="noprint">; 69 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1955-11-12</span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current form</th><td class="infobox-data">3 October 1990<span class="noprint">; 34 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">3 October 1990</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/17px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/26px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/34px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg/45px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg/60px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="134" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Service_(Germany)" title="Joint Support Service (Germany)">Joint Support Service</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg/45px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg/60px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Medical_Service_(Germany)" title="Joint Medical Service (Germany)">Joint Medical Service</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png/30px-Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png/45px-Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png/60px-Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="877" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyber_and_Information_Domain_Service_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber and Information Domain Service (Germany)">Cyber and Information Domain Service</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters#Military" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bundeswehr.de">bundeswehr<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_leadership" title="Category:Military leadership">Leadership</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commander_in_chief#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander in chief">Commander-in-Chief</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)">Federal Minister of Defence</a><br />(during peacetime)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic_of_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)">Chancellor of Germany</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/State_of_defence" title="State of defence">during war</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic_of_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_defence_ministers" title="List of German defence ministers">Defence Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pistorius" title="Boris Pistorius">Boris Pistorius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_the_Bundeswehr" title="Inspector General of the Bundeswehr">Inspector General</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flagge_Generalinspekteur_Bundeswehr.svg/25px-Flagge_Generalinspekteur_Bundeswehr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flagge_Generalinspekteur_Bundeswehr.svg/38px-Flagge_Generalinspekteur_Bundeswehr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flagge_Generalinspekteur_Bundeswehr.svg/50px-Flagge_Generalinspekteur_Bundeswehr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="509" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Breuer" title="Carsten Breuer">Carsten Breuer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Personnel</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Military age</th><td class="infobox-data">17</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yes, but indefinitely suspended since July 2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active personnel</th><td class="infobox-data">180,215 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundeswehr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">ranked 30th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">Reserve personnel</a></th><td class="infobox-data">≈ 930.000 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-Reserve_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reserve-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_deployment" title="Military deployment">Deployed personnel</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Expenditure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Budget</a></th><td class="infobox-data">€51.95 bn (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-Haushalt_2024_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haushalt_2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> €71.75 bn (2024)<br /><small> Incl. 2nd tranche of special assets</small><sup id="cite_ref-Haushalt_2024_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haushalt_2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(77,8 bn USD)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Percent of GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.12 % (2024) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_acquisition" title="Military acquisition">Industry</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Howaldtswerke-Deutsche_Werft" title="Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft">Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Krauss-Maffei_Wegmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Krauss-Maffei Wegmann">Krauss-Maffei Wegmann</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hensoldt" title="Hensoldt">Hensoldt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/MBDA_Deutschland_GmbH" title="MBDA Deutschland GmbH">MBDA Deutschland GmbH</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch" title="Heckler & Koch">Heckler & Koch</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diehl_Defence" title="Diehl Defence">Diehl Defence</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Walther_GmbH" title="Carl Walther GmbH">Carl Walther GmbH</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foreign suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual imports</th><td class="infobox-data">US$85 million (2014–2022)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI_India_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI_India-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual exports</th><td class="infobox-data">US$1.53 billion (2014–2022)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI_India_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI_India-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Related articles</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Germany" title="Military history of Germany">Military history of Germany</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Germany" title="Category:Wars involving Germany">Warfare directory of Germany</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Germany" title="List of wars involving Germany">Wars involving Germany</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Germany" title="Category:Battles involving Germany">Battles involving Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_of_the_German_Bundeswehr" title="Ranks of the German Bundeswehr">Ranks of the German Bundeswehr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈbʊndəsˌveːɐ̯]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/72\/De-Bundeswehr2.ogg\/De-Bundeswehr2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bundeswehr2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/De-Bundeswehr2.ogg/De-Bundeswehr2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Bundeswehr2.ogg" title="File:De-Bundeswehr2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, literally <i>Federal Defence</i>) is the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a>. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is divided into a military part (armed forces or <i>Streitkräfte</i>) and a civil part, the military part consisting of the <a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Service_(Germany)" title="Joint Support Service (Germany)">Joint Support Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Medical_Service_(Germany)" title="Joint Medical Service (Germany)">Joint Medical Service</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cyber_and_Information_Domain_Service_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber and Information Domain Service (Germany)">Cyber and Information Domain Service</a>. </p><p>As of 31 May 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> had a strength of 180,215 active-duty military personnel and 80,761 civilians,<sup id="cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundeswehr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> placing it among the 30 largest military forces in the world, and making it the second largest in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> behind <a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a>. In addition, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> has approximately 34,600 reserve personnel (2024).<sup id="cite_ref-Reserve_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reserve-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With German military expenditures at $66.8 billion (2023),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is the seventh highest-funded military in the world, though military expenditures have until recently remained low at an average at 1.5% of national GDP,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> well below the non-binding NATO target of 2%. In 2024, Germany fulfilled NATO obligations of spending 2% of its GDP on its armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany is aiming to expand the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> to around 203,000 soldiers by 2025 to better cope with increasing responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following concerns from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Germany announced a major shift in policy, pledging a €100 billion special fund for the Bundeswehr – to remedy years of underinvestment – along with raising the budget to above 2% <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-commits_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commits-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Germany" title="Military history of Germany">Military history of Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Germany" title="List of wars involving Germany">List of wars involving Germany</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_principles">Founding principles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was first proposed by former <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> general and <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Democratic Party of Germany">Liberal</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Hasso_von_Manteuffel" title="Hasso von Manteuffel">Hasso von Manteuffel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> <i>(Eisernes Kreuz)</i>, a symbol that has a long association with the military of Germany, is its official emblem. The <i>Schwarzes Kreuz</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Cross_(Teutonic_Order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Cross (Teutonic Order)">black cross insignia</a> of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic knights">Teutonic knights</a>; since 1813 the symbol has been used to denote a military decoration for all ranks. </p><p>When the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was established in 1955, its founding principles were based on developing a completely new military force for the defence of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. In this respect the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> did not consider itself to be a successor to either the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a></i> (1921–1935) of the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> (1935–1945), and did not adhere to the traditions of any former German military organization. Its official ethos is based on three major themes:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the aims of the military reformers at the beginning of the 19th century such as <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_von_Scharnhorst" title="Gerhard von Scharnhorst">Scharnhorst</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Neidhardt_von_Gneisenau" title="August Neidhardt von Gneisenau">Gneisenau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Clausewitz</a></li> <li>the conduct displayed by members of the <a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">military resistance against Adolf Hitler</a>, especially the attempt of <a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg" title="Claus von Stauffenberg">Claus von Stauffenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henning_von_Tresckow" title="Henning von Tresckow">Henning von Tresckow</a> to assassinate him.</li> <li>its own tradition since 1955.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-34150-0001,_Bonn,_Theodor_Blank,_Bundeswehrfreiwillige.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-34150-0001%2C_Bonn%2C_Theodor_Blank%2C_Bundeswehrfreiwillige.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-34150-0001%2C_Bonn%2C_Theodor_Blank%2C_Bundeswehrfreiwillige.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-34150-0001%2C_Bonn%2C_Theodor_Blank%2C_Bundeswehrfreiwillige.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-34150-0001%2C_Bonn%2C_Theodor_Blank%2C_Bundeswehrfreiwillige.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-34150-0001%2C_Bonn%2C_Theodor_Blank%2C_Bundeswehrfreiwillige.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-34150-0001%2C_Bonn%2C_Theodor_Blank%2C_Bundeswehrfreiwillige.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Generals <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Heusinger" title="Adolf Heusinger">Adolf Heusinger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Speidel" title="Hans Speidel">Hans Speidel</a> being sworn into the newly founded <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Blank" title="Theodor Blank">Theodor Blank</a> on 12 November 1955</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_Platz_in_Bonn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_Platz_in_Bonn.jpg/220px-Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_Platz_in_Bonn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_Platz_in_Bonn.jpg/330px-Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_Platz_in_Bonn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_Platz_in_Bonn.jpg/440px-Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_Platz_in_Bonn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich" title="Großer Zapfenstreich">Großer Zapfenstreich</a></i> at the Federal Ministry of Defense in Bonn in 2002</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most visible traditions of the modern <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fer_Zapfenstreich" title="Großer Zapfenstreich">Großer Zapfenstreich</a></i>. This is a form of <a href="/wiki/Military_tattoo" title="Military tattoo">military tattoo</a> that has its origins in the <i><a href="/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht">landsknecht</a></i> era. The <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">FRG</a> reinstated this formal military ceremony in 1952, three years before the foundation of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span>. Today it is performed by a military band with 4 fanfare trumpeters and timpani, a corps of drums, up to two escort companies of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Wachbataillon" title="Wachbataillon">Wachbataillon</a></i> (or another deputized unit) and Torchbearers. The <i>Zapfenstreich</i> is only performed during national celebrations or solemn public commemorations. It can honour distinguished persons present such as the German federal president, or provide the conclusion to large military exercises. </p><p>Another important tradition in the modern German armed forces is the <i><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_oath_of_the_Bundeswehr" title="Ceremonial oath of the Bundeswehr">Gelöbnis</a></i>: the solemn oath made by serving professional soldiers, and recruits (<a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Germany" title="Conscription in Germany">and formerly conscripts</a>) during basic training. There are two kinds of oath: a pledge for recruits, and a solemn vow for full-time personnel. </p><p>The pledge is made annually on 20 July, the date on which a group of <i>Wehrmacht</i> officers attempted to <a href="/wiki/July_20_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="July 20 plot">assassinate Adolf Hitler</a> in 1944. Recruits from the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span>'s <i>Wachbataillon</i> make their vow (<i>Gelöbnis</i>) at the <a href="/wiki/Bendlerblock" title="Bendlerblock">Bendlerblock</a> in Berlin. This was the headquarters of the resistance and also where the officers were summarily executed following the failure of the attempt. National commemorations are held nearby within the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichstag (building)"><i>Reichstag</i></a>. Similar events also take place across the German Republic. Since 2011, when conscription was suspended, the wording of the ceremonial vow for full-time recruits and volunteer personnel is: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>"<i>Ich gelobe, der Bundesrepublik Deutschland treu zu dienen und das Recht und die Freiheit des deutschen Volkes tapfer zu verteidigen.</i>" <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;">"I pledge to serve the Federal Republic of Germany loyally and to defend the right and the freedom of the German people bravely."</span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Serving <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> personnel replace "<i>Ich gelobe</i>, ..." with "<i>Ich schwöre</i>, ..." ("I swear..."). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War:_1955–1990"><span id="Cold_War:_1955.E2.80.931990"></span>Cold War: 1955–1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cold War: 1955–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93German_enmity" title="French–German enmity">French–German enmity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-098967,_Aufnahme_der_Bundesrepublik_in_die_NATO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-098967%2C_Aufnahme_der_Bundesrepublik_in_die_NATO.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-098967%2C_Aufnahme_der_Bundesrepublik_in_die_NATO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-098967%2C_Aufnahme_der_Bundesrepublik_in_die_NATO.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-098967%2C_Aufnahme_der_Bundesrepublik_in_die_NATO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-098967%2C_Aufnahme_der_Bundesrepublik_in_die_NATO.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-098967%2C_Aufnahme_der_Bundesrepublik_in_die_NATO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>The Federal Republic of Germany joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in 1955.</figcaption></figure> <p>After World War II the responsibility for the security of Germany as a whole rested with the four occupying <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied Powers</a>: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Germany had been without armed forces since the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> was dissolved following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. When the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in 1949, it was without a military. Germany remained completely demilitarized and any plans for a German military were forbidden by Allied regulations. </p><p>Some naval mine-sweeping units such as the <a href="/wiki/German_Mine_Sweeping_Administration" title="German Mine Sweeping Administration">German Mine Sweeping Administration</a> (<i>Deutscher Minenräumdienst</i>) continued to exist, but they remained unarmed and under Allied control and did not serve as a national defence force. The <a href="/wiki/Bundesgrenzschutz" title="Bundesgrenzschutz">Federal Border Protection</a> (<i>Bundesgrenzschutz</i>), a mobile, lightly armed police force of 10,000 men, was formed on 14 March 1951 and expanded to 20,000 men on 19 June 1953. A proposal to integrate West German troops with soldiers of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Italy in a <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Defence Community">European Defence Community</a> was proposed but never implemented. </p><p>There was a discussion among the United States, the United Kingdom and France over the issue of a revived (West) German military. In particular, France was reluctant to allow Germany to rearm in light of recent history (Germany had invaded France twice in living memory, in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and also defeated France in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> of 1870/71). However, after the project for a <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Defence Community">European Defence Community</a> failed in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">French National Assembly</a> in 1954, France agreed to West German accession to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and rearmament. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/220px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/330px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg/440px-Leopard_2_A5_der_Bundeswehr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="1771" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a> tanks</figcaption></figure> <p>With growing tensions between the Soviet Union and the West, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, this policy was to be revised. While the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> (East Germany) was already secretly rearming, the seeds of a new West German force started in 1950 when former high-ranking German officers were tasked by Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> to discuss the options for <a href="/wiki/West_German_rearmament" title="West German rearmament">West German rearmament</a>. The results of a meeting in the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Himmerod_Abbey" title="Himmerod Abbey">Himmerod</a> formed the conceptual base to build the new armed forces in West Germany. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Amt_Blank" class="mw-redirect" title="Amt Blank">Amt Blank</a></i> (Blank Agency, named after its director <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Blank" title="Theodor Blank">Theodor Blank</a>), the predecessor of the later <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)">Federal Ministry of Defence</a>, was formed the same year to prepare the establishment of the future forces. <a href="/wiki/Hasso_von_Manteuffel" title="Hasso von Manteuffel">Hasso von Manteuffel</a>, a former general of the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> politician, submitted the name <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> for the new forces. This name was later confirmed by the West German <i>Bundestag</i>. </p><p>The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was officially established on the 200th birthday of <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_von_Scharnhorst" title="Gerhard von Scharnhorst">Scharnhorst</a> on 12 November 1955. In personnel and education terms, the most important initial feature of the new German armed forces was to be their orientation as citizen defenders of a democratic state, fully subordinate to the political leadership of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A personnel screening committee was created to make sure that the future colonels and generals of the armed forces were those whose political attitude and experience would be acceptable to the new democratic state.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were a few key reformers, such as General <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_de_Maiziere" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich de Maiziere">Ulrich de Maiziere</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Kielmansegg" title="Johann von Kielmansegg">Graf von Kielmansegg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Graf_von_Baudissin" title="Wolf Graf von Baudissin">Graf von Baudissin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who reemphasised some of the more democratic parts of Germany's armed forces history in order to establish a solid civil-military basis to build upon. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikoyan_mig29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A flying MiG 29 seen from above. The cross-shaped roundel of the Luftwaffe is painted on the left wing." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mikoyan_mig29.jpg/220px-Mikoyan_mig29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mikoyan_mig29.jpg/330px-Mikoyan_mig29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mikoyan_mig29.jpg/440px-Mikoyan_mig29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was the first NATO member to use the Soviet-built <a href="/wiki/MiG_29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG 29">MiG 29</a> jet, taken over from the former <a href="/wiki/Air_Forces_of_the_National_People%27s_Army" title="Air Forces of the National People's Army">East German Air Force</a> after reunification.</figcaption></figure> <p>After an amendment of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law</a> in 1955, West Germany became a member of NATO. The first public military review took place at <a href="/wiki/Andernach" title="Andernach">Andernach</a>, in January 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1956, <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> for all men between the ages of 18 and 45 was reintroduced, later augmented by a civil alternative with longer duration (see <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Germany" title="Conscription in Germany">Conscription in Germany</a>). In response, <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> formed its own military force, the <i><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Army" title="National People's Army">Nationale Volksarmee</a></i> (NVA), in 1956, with conscription being established only in 1962. The <i><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Army" title="National People's Army">Nationale Volksarmee</a></i> was eventually dissolved with the <a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification of Germany">reunification of Germany</a> in 1990. Compulsory conscription was suspended – but not completely abolished as an alternative – in January 2011. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was the backbone of NATO's conventional defence in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>. It had a strength of 495,000 military and 170,000 civilian personnel. Although Germany had smaller armed forces than France and the United States, Cold War historian <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a> assesses the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> as "perhaps (the) world's best army".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Army consisted of three corps with 12 divisions, most of them heavily armed with tanks and APCs. The <i>Luftwaffe</i> owned significant numbers of tactical combat aircraft and took part in <a href="/wiki/NATINAD" class="mw-redirect" title="NATINAD">NATO's integrated air defence (NATINAD)</a>. The Navy was tasked and equipped to defend the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Approaches</a>, to provide escort reinforcement and resupply shipping in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and to contain the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Soviet Baltic Fleet</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_Rain_(Cold_War)" title="Operation Summer Rain (Cold War)">Operation Summer Rain (Cold War)</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan War">Soviet-Afghan War</a> in the 1980s, German special forces of the Bundeswehr were deployed as part of a covert operation. During this time, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_Rain_(Cold_War)" title="Operation Summer Rain (Cold War)">Operation Summer Rain</a> played a significant role. The <a href="/wiki/German_Federal_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="German Federal Intelligence Service">German Federal Intelligence Service</a> (BND) conducted this secret mission, where special forces were infiltrated from <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and then into <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. </p><p>The primary task of these special units was to clandestinely acquire Soviet weapon technology, including armor for combat helicopters, vehicles, landmines, modern ammunition such as uranium rounds, rocket warheads, night vision devices, and navigation technology. Collaboration with the insurgent Mujahideen was central to this covert operation. </p><p>During this time the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> did not take part in combat operations. However, there were a number of large-scale training exercises resulting in operational casualties. The first such incident was in June 1957, when 15 paratroop recruits drowned in the <a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller river, Bavaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_Reunification_1990">German Reunification 1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: German Reunification 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-040,_Strausberg,_Eppelmann,_Stoltenberg,_Sch%C3%B6nbohm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-040%2C_Strausberg%2C_Eppelmann%2C_Stoltenberg%2C_Sch%C3%B6nbohm.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-040%2C_Strausberg%2C_Eppelmann%2C_Stoltenberg%2C_Sch%C3%B6nbohm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-040%2C_Strausberg%2C_Eppelmann%2C_Stoltenberg%2C_Sch%C3%B6nbohm.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-040%2C_Strausberg%2C_Eppelmann%2C_Stoltenberg%2C_Sch%C3%B6nbohm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-040%2C_Strausberg%2C_Eppelmann%2C_Stoltenberg%2C_Sch%C3%B6nbohm.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-040%2C_Strausberg%2C_Eppelmann%2C_Stoltenberg%2C_Sch%C3%B6nbohm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>At a festive event on German Unity Day, Federal Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Stoltenberg" title="Gerhard Stoltenberg">Gerhard Stoltenberg</a> takes over command of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Army" title="National People's Army">armed forces</a> of the former GDR.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of reunification, the German military boasted a manpower of some 585,000 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> process, under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a> (Two-Plus Four Treaty), which paved the way for reunification, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was to be reduced to 370,000 personnel, of whom no more than 345,000 were to be in the Army and Air Force. This would be Germany's contribution to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe" title="Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe">Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe</a>, and the restrictions would enter into force at the time the CFE treaty would. As a result, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was significantly reduced, and the former East German <i><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Volksarmee" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationale Volksarmee">Nationale Volksarmee</a></i> (NVA) was disbanded, with a portion of its personnel and materiel being absorbed into the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Eurofighter_9803.ogv/220px-seek%3D32-Eurofighter_9803.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="107" data-mwtitle="Eurofighter_9803.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Eurofighter_9803.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Eurofighter_9803.ogv/Eurofighter_9803.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="368" data-height="208" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Eurofighter_9803.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="368" data-height="208" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Eurofighter_9803.ogv/Eurofighter_9803.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="368" data-height="208" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Eurofighter_9803.ogv/Eurofighter_9803.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="254" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force"><i>Luftwaffe</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>About 50,000 <i>Volksarmee</i> personnel were integrated into the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> on 2 October 1990. This figure was rapidly reduced as conscripts and short-term volunteers completed their service. A number of senior officers (but no generals or admirals) received limited contracts for up to two years to continue daily operations. Personnel remaining in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> were awarded new contracts and new ranks, dependent on their individual qualification and experience. Many were granted and accepted a lower rank than previously held in the <i>Volksarmee</i>. </p><p>In general, the unification process of the two militaries – under the slogan "<i>Armee der Einheit</i>" (or "Army of Unity") – has been seen publicly as a major success and an example for other parts of the society. </p><p>With the reduction, a large amount of the <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">military hardware</a> of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span>, as well as of the <i>Volksarmee</i>, had to be disposed of. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">armoured vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fighter_jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighter jet">fighter jet aircraft</a> (the <i>Bundesluftwaffe</i> – due to reunification – was the only air force in the world that flew both Phantoms and MIGs) were dismantled under international disarmament procedures. Many ships were scrapped or sold, often to the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (the latter received 39 former <i>Volksmarine</i> vessels of various types). </p><p>With reunification, all restrictions on the manufacture and possession of conventional arms that had been imposed on the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> as a condition for West German rearmament were lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1996, Germany also has its own special forces, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kommando_Spezialkr%C3%A4fte" title="Kommando Spezialkräfte">Kommando Spezialkräfte</a></i> (Special Forces Command). It was formed after German citizens had to be rescued from the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a> by <a href="/wiki/Immediate_Reaction_Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Immediate Reaction Cell">Belgian Para-Commandos</a> as the <a href="/wiki/GSG_9" title="GSG 9">Special Commands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Germany)" title="Federal Police (Germany)">Federal Police</a> were not capable of operating in a war zone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reorientation">Reorientation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reorientation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:400px;"> <div style="padding-top: 12px;"><b>German military spending</b></div> <div style="margin: 10px 5px -22px -50px; font-size: 80%;"><div style="padding-top:10px;margin-top:1em;max-width:400px;" class="chart noresize"> <div style="position:relative;min-height:300px;min-width:400px;max-width:400px;"> <div style="float:right;position:relative;min-height:220px;min-width:300px;max-width:300px;border-left:1px black solid;border-bottom:1px black solid;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:0.5px;top:165px;height:54px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="17,642 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:4.5px;top:164px;height:55px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="17,861 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:8.5px;top:155px;height:64px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="20,638 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:12.5px;top:158px;height:61px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="19,656 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:16.5px;top:145px;height:74px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="23,921 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:20.5px;top:164px;height:55px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="17,920 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:24.5px;top:130px;height:89px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="28,710 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:28.5px;top:123px;height:96px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="30,912 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:32.5px;top:117px;height:102px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="32,867 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:36.5px;top:89px;height:130px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="41,788 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:40.5px;top:73px;height:146px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="46,913 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:44.5px;top:79px;height:140px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="44,984 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:48.5px;top:81px;height:138px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="44,382 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:52.5px;top:83px;height:136px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="43,562 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:56.5px;top:78px;height:141px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="45,315 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:60.5px;top:94px;height:125px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="40,220 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:64.5px;top:81px;height:138px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="44,115 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:68.5px;top:80px;height:139px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="44,617 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:72.5px;top:70px;height:149px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="47,801 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:76.5px;top:59px;height:160px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="51,133 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:80.5px;top:53px;height:166px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="53,095 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:84.5px;top:46px;height:173px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="55,450 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:88.5px;top:47px;height:172px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="55,198 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:92.5px;top:48px;height:171px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="54,800 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:96.5px;top:49px;height:170px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="54,565 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:100.5px;top:41px;height:178px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="56,885 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:104.5px;top:39px;height:180px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="57,679 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:108.5px;top:36px;height:183px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="58,453 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:112.5px;top:34px;height:185px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="59,139 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:116.5px;top:37px;height:182px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="58,376 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:120.5px;top:35px;height:184px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="58,883 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:124.5px;top:37px;height:182px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="58,291 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:128.5px;top:36px;height:183px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="58,415 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:132.5px;top:32px;height:187px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="59,965 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:136.5px;top:28px;height:191px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="61,038 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:140.5px;top:30px;height:189px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="60,549 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:144.5px;top:30px;height:189px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="60,384 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:148.5px;top:20px;height:199px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="63,636 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:152.5px;top:35px;height:184px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="58,892 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:156.5px;top:44px;height:175px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="56,010 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:160.5px;top:62px;height:157px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="50,351 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:164.5px;top:72px;height:147px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="46,958 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:168.5px;top:75px;height:144px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="46,158 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:172.5px;top:78px;height:141px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="45,282 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:176.5px;top:111px;height:108px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="34,611 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:180.5px;top:82px;height:137px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="43,761 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:184.5px;top:80px;height:139px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="44,646 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:188.5px;top:82px;height:137px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="43,942 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:192.5px;top:84px;height:135px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="43,220 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:196.5px;top:84px;height:135px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="43,337 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:200.5px;top:86px;height:133px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="42,745 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:204.5px;top:90px;height:129px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="41,435 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:208.5px;top:111px;height:108px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="34,533 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:212.5px;top:95px;height:124px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="39,879 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:216.5px;top:94px;height:125px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="39,940 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:220.5px;top:92px;height:127px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="40,885 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:224.5px;top:87px;height:132px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="42,433 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:228.5px;top:86px;height:133px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="42,536 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:232.5px;top:89px;height:130px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="41,674 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:236.5px;top:85px;height:134px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="42,865 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:240.5px;top:90px;height:129px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="41,280 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:244.5px;top:90px;height:129px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="41,329 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:248.5px;top:88px;height:131px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="42,039 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:252.5px;top:82px;height:137px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="43,863 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:256.5px;top:78px;height:141px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="45,121 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:260.5px;top:74px;height:145px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="46,366 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:264.5px;top:60px;height:159px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="50,861 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:268.5px;top:50px;height:169px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="54,192 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:272.5px;top:51px;height:168px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="53,716 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:276.5px;top:44px;height:175px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="56,153 m."></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:280.5px;top:28px;height:191px;min-width:1px;max-width:1px;background-color:blue;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid blue;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="61,187 m."></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;height:220px;min-width:100px;max-width:100px;"> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:179px;padding:0 2px">10,000</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:189px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:147px;padding:0 2px">20,000</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:157px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:116px;padding:0 2px">30,000</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:126px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:84px;padding:0 2px">40,000</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:94px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:53px;padding:0 2px">50,000</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:63px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:21px;padding:0 2px">60,000</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:31px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:-10px;padding:0 2px">70,000</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:0px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;top:220px;left:100px;width:300px;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:1px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1953</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:2px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:29px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1960</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:30px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:69px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1970</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:70px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:109px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1980</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:110px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:149px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1990</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:150px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:189px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2000</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:190px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:229px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2010</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:230px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:269px;top:10px;min-width:2px;max-width:2px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2020</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:270px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Military spending: Constant 2022 USD million (1953–2023)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>A major event for the German military was a series of defense spending cuts and the suspension of the compulsory <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Germany" title="Conscription in Germany">conscription</a> for men in 2011. These were introduced by Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> and Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> measures in response to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011/12, a major reform of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was announced under <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a>, further limiting the number of military bases and soldiers. The land forces of the Bundeswehr would have three large units at divisional level. There are currently five. The number of brigades decreased from eleven to eight.<sup id="cite_ref-zukunft_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zukunft-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German military expenditures are lower than comparable countries such as the United Kingdom, or countries of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> such as France, especially when taking into account Germany's larger population and economy. This discrepancy is often criticized by Germany's <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> allies, as far back as <a href="/wiki/Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama">Obama</a>-era <a href="/wiki/US_Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="US Secretary of Defense">US Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. Gates">Robert M. Gates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytdim_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytdim-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ustsp_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ustsp-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As one result of the <a href="/wiki/2014_NATO_Wales_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 NATO Wales summit">2014 NATO Wales summit</a> which was attended by both Merkel and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> in September 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-alozius21_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alozius21-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> acknowledged in October chronic equipment problems that rendered its armed forces "unable to deliver its defensive NATO promises". Among the problems cited were dysfunctional weapons systems, armored vehicles, aircraft, and naval vessels unfit for immediate service due to a neglect of maintenance, and serious equipment and spare parts shortages. The situation was so dire in 2016 that it was acknowledged that most of Germany's <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">combat helicopters</a> were not in deployable condition,<sup id="cite_ref-foreignaffairs_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreignaffairs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the Air Force had almost 38,000 soldiers,<sup id="cite_ref-zukunft_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zukunft-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and von der Leyen's daycare system to boot.<sup id="cite_ref-hug1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hug1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hug2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hug2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a>, Germany announced what was termed "a major increase" in defense spending. In May 2015, the German government approved an increase in defense spending, at the time 1.3% of GDP, by 6.2% over the following five years, allowing the Ministry of Defense to fully modernize the army.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2015 reform set a required strength of 185,000 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans were also announced to significantly expand the tank fleet to a potential number of 328, order 131 more <a href="/wiki/Boxer_(armoured_fighting_vehicle)" title="Boxer (armoured fighting vehicle)">Boxer armored personnel carriers</a>, increase the submarine fleet, and to develop a new fighter jet to replace the <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany considered increasing the size of the army,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in May 2016 it announced it would spend €130 billion on new equipment by 2030 and add nearly 7,000 soldiers by 2023 in the first German military expansion since the end of the Cold War.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2017, the German government announced another expansion, which would increase the number of its professional soldiers by 20,000 by 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordination_with_European_Partners">Coordination with European Partners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Coordination with European Partners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a consequence of improved Dutch-German cooperation, since 2014 two of the three <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Army" title="Royal Netherlands Army">Royal Netherlands Army</a> Brigades are under German Command. In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/11th_Airmobile_Brigade_(Netherlands)" title="11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands)">11th Airmobile Brigade</a> was integrated into the German Division of fast forces (DSK). The Dutch <a href="/wiki/43rd_Mechanized_Brigade_(Netherlands)" title="43rd Mechanized Brigade (Netherlands)">43rd Mechanized Brigade</a> will be assigned to the <a href="/wiki/1st_Panzer_Division_(Bundeswehr)" title="1st Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)">1st <i>Panzer</i> Division</a> of the German army, with the integration starting at the beginning of 2016, and the unit becoming operational at the end of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-janes16_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janes16-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2016 it was announced that the <a href="/wiki/Seebataillon#German_Navy" title="Seebataillon"><i>Seebatallion</i></a> of the German Navy would start to operate under <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Dutch Navy</a> command.<sup id="cite_ref-duint_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duint-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch-German military cooperation was seen in 2016 by von der Leyen and Dutch Minister of Defence <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Hennis-Plasschaert" title="Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert">Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert</a> as an example for setting up a European defense union.<sup id="cite_ref-duint_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duint-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a policy dictated by von der Leyen in February 2017, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is to play a greater role as "anchor army" for smaller <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> states, by improving coordination between its divisions and smaller members' <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anchorarmy_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anchorarmy-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further proposal by Minister of Defence <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>, to allow non-German <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">EU nationals</a> to join the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span>, was met in July 2016 by strong opposition, even from her own party.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was announced in February 2017 that the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>'s <a href="/wiki/4th_Rapid_Deployment_Brigade_(Czech_Republic)" title="4th Rapid Deployment Brigade (Czech Republic)">4th Rapid Deployment Brigade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>'s <a href="/wiki/81st_Mechanized_Brigade_(Romania)" title="81st Mechanized Brigade (Romania)">81st Mechanized Brigade</a> would be integrated into Germany's <a href="/wiki/10th_Armoured_Division_(Bundeswehr)" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Armoured Division (Bundeswehr)">10 Armoured Division</a> and Rapid Response Forces Division.<sup id="cite_ref-czroint_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czroint-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consequences_of_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Consequences of 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consequences of 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 31 December 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the number of active military personnel in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> was 183,051.<sup id="cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundeswehr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military expenditure in Germany was at $52.8 billion in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of February 2022, in light of <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia's invasion of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> announced a plan to increase the power of the German military, pledging €100 billion ($112.7 billion) of the 2022 budget for the armed forces and repeating his promise to reach the 2% of gross domestic product spending on defense in line with (as editorialized by <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>) NATO "demands".<sup id="cite_ref-commits_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commits-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to information from defense politicians of the federal German parliament, representatives of the armaments industry and other experts, in October 2022 the Bundeswehr only had enough ammunition in stock for one or two days during wartime.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A report made by the Ministry of Defence revealed problems in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> such as limited preparedness and lack of equipment. In the letter accompanying the report which was sent to the federal <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">German parliament</a>, the Minister of Defence noted that the situation would improve but "closing the gaps takes time".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_organisation">History of organisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History of organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the growing number of missions abroad it was recognized that the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> required a new command structure. A reform commission under the chairmanship of the former President <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a> presented its recommendations in spring 2000. </p><p>In October 2000 the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Service_(Germany)" title="Joint Support Service (Germany)">Joint Support Service</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Streitkr%C3%A4ftebasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Streitkräftebasis">Streitkräftebasis</a></i>, was established to concentrate logistics and other supporting functions such as military police, supply and communications under one command. Medical support was reorganised with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr_Joint_Medical_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundeswehr Joint Medical Service">Joint Medical Service</a>. In 2016, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> created its youngest branch the <a href="/wiki/Cyber_and_Information_Space_Command_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber and Information Space Command (Germany)">Cyber and Information Space Command</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_leadership">Senior leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Senior leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Minister of Defence is supported by the Chief of Defense (CHOD, <i><a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_the_Bundeswehr" title="Inspector General of the Bundeswehr">Generalinspekteur</a></i>) and the service chiefs (<i>Inspekteure</i>: <a href="/wiki/Inspector_of_the_Army" title="Inspector of the Army">Inspector of the Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inspector_of_the_Air_Force" title="Inspector of the Air Force">Inspector of the Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inspector_of_the_Navy" title="Inspector of the Navy">Inspector of the Navy</a>) and their respective staffs in his or her function as commander-in-chief. The CHOD and the service chiefs form the Military Command Council (<i>Militärischer Führungsrat</i>) with functions similar to those of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> in the United States. Subordinate to the CHOD is the <a href="/wiki/Einsatzf%C3%BChrungskommando" title="Einsatzführungskommando">Armed Forces Operational Command (<i>Einsatzführungskommando</i>)</a>. For smaller missions one of the service HQs (e.g. the Fleet Command) may exercise command and control of forces in missions abroad. The <i><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></i> must approve any foreign deployment by a simple majority. This has led to some discontent with Germany's allies about troop deployments e.g. in Afghanistan since parliamentary consent over such issues is relatively hard to achieve in Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat_forces">Combat forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Combat forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The combat forces of the Army are organised into three combat <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> and participate in multi-national command structures at the <a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">corps</a> level. The Air Force maintains three divisions and the Navy is structured into two flotillas. The Joint Support Service and the Joint Medical Service are both organized in four regional commands of identical structure. All of these services also have general commands for training, procurement, and other general issues. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F220-Hamburg-130311-N-XQ474-229-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/F220-Hamburg-130311-N-XQ474-229-crop.jpg/220px-F220-Hamburg-130311-N-XQ474-229-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/F220-Hamburg-130311-N-XQ474-229-crop.jpg/330px-F220-Hamburg-130311-N-XQ474-229-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/F220-Hamburg-130311-N-XQ474-229-crop.jpg/440px-F220-Hamburg-130311-N-XQ474-229-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4316" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Sachsen-class_frigate" title="Sachsen-class frigate">Sachsen-class frigate</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_Command">Operational Command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Operational Command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Armed Forces Operational Command (<i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzf%C3%BChrungskommando" title="Einsatzführungskommando">Einsatzführungskommando</a> der Bundeswehr</i>) is the only joint military command of the Bundeswehr. It controls all missions abroad. The command is located at Henning von Tresckow Kaserne (<a href="/wiki/Schwielowsee" title="Schwielowsee">Schwielowsee</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> and is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Generalleutnant" title="Generalleutnant">Generalleutnant</a> (3-star general). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mission">Mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATF_Dingo_in_German_service_(Afghanistan).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ATF_Dingo_in_German_service_%28Afghanistan%29.jpg/220px-ATF_Dingo_in_German_service_%28Afghanistan%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ATF_Dingo_in_German_service_%28Afghanistan%29.jpg/330px-ATF_Dingo_in_German_service_%28Afghanistan%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ATF_Dingo_in_German_service_%28Afghanistan%29.jpg/440px-ATF_Dingo_in_German_service_%28Afghanistan%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3756" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a> soldiers <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">in Afghanistan</a> in front of <a href="/wiki/ATF_Dingo" title="ATF Dingo">Dingo</a> infantry mobility vehicles, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The role of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is described in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Germany">Constitution of Germany</a> (Art. 87a) as absolutely defensive only. Its only active role before 1990 was the <i>Katastropheneinsatz</i> (disaster control). Within the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span>, it helped after natural disasters both in Germany and abroad. After 1990, the international situation changed from east–west confrontation to one of general uncertainty and instability. </p><p>After a ruling of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court" title="Federal Constitutional Court">Federal Constitutional Court</a> in 1994 the term "defence" has been defined to not only include protection of the borders of Germany, but also crisis reaction and conflict prevention, or more broadly as guarding the security of Germany anywhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the definition given by Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Peter_Struck_(politician)" title="Peter Struck (politician)">Peter Struck</a> (2002 to 2005), it may be necessary to defend Germany even at the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a>. This requires the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> to take part in operations outside of the borders of Germany, as part of NATO or the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and mandated by the UN.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Since the early 1990s the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> has become more and more engaged in international operations in and around the former <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, and also in other parts of the world like <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/11_September_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 September 2001 attacks">11 September 2001 attacks</a>, German forces were employed in most related theaters except <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fregatte_Karlsruhe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fregatte_Karlsruhe.jpg/220px-Fregatte_Karlsruhe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fregatte_Karlsruhe.jpg/330px-Fregatte_Karlsruhe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Fregatte_Karlsruhe.jpg/440px-Fregatte_Karlsruhe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Frigate <i>Karlsruhe</i> of the German Navy rescuing shipwrecked people off the coast of Somalia where it is patrolling</figcaption></figure> <p>Currently (1 April 2024) there are 1,084 <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> soldiers deployed in:<sup id="cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundeswehr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">KFOR</a> <ul><li>100 personnel</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNMISS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNMISS">UNMISS</a> <ul><li>14 personnel</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNIFIL" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIFIL">UNIFIL</a> <ul><li>226 personnel</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Guardian" title="Operation Sea Guardian">Operation Sea Guardian</a> <ul><li>42 personnel</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Irini" title="Operation Irini">Operation Irini</a> <ul><li>16 personnel</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> / <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">Operation Counter Daesh</a> <ul><li>293 personnel</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a> <ul><li>3 personnel</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>In addition to the numbers above, 51 soldiers are on permanent stand-by for medical evacuation operations around the world in assistance of ongoing German or coalition operations (<a href="/wiki/Medical_evacuation" title="Medical evacuation">STRATAIRMEDEVAC</a>). </p><p>In support of Allied stabilization efforts in Iraq, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is also training the new <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a> in locations outside Iraq, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and Germany. </p><p>Since 1994, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> has lost about 100 troops in foreign deployments, including <a href="/wiki/German_Armed_Forces_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="German Armed Forces casualties in Afghanistan">in Afghanistan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_equipment_of_the_German_Army" title="List of modern equipment of the German Army">List of modern equipment of the German Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force#Aircraft" title="German Air Force">Aircraft Inventory of the German Luftwaffe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_ships_of_the_German_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of active ships of the German Navy">List of active ships of the German Navy</a></div> <p>According to the new threat scenario facing Germany and its <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> allies, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is currently reorganising itself. To realise growth in mobility and the enlargement of the air force's capabilities, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> is going to buy 53 <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A400M" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A400M">Airbus A400M</a> transports as well as additional <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fighters, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35 fighters</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also several <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicle</a> models. <a href="/wiki/NH90" class="mw-redirect" title="NH90">NH90</a> helicopters (49 of them in the naval version) are being delivered while 60 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">Boeing CH-47F Chinook</a> heavy transport helicopters will be delivered in 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the ground forces it plans to procure 579 <a href="/wiki/Puma_(IFV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puma (IFV)">Puma</a> infantry fighting vehicles, at least 503 <a href="/wiki/Boxer_MRAV" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer MRAV">Boxer MRAV</a>, started to introduce a novel <a href="/wiki/IdZ" class="mw-redirect" title="IdZ">land soldier system</a> and a new generation of transportation vehicles and light vehicles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fennek" title="Fennek">Fennek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mowag_Eagle" title="Mowag Eagle">Mowag Eagle</a>. Further, the German Navy is going to build 6 new <a href="/wiki/MKS_180_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="MKS 180 frigate">F126 class frigates</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> new spy ships, support vessels and additional <a href="/wiki/Type_212_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 212 submarine">Type 212 submarines</a> in an enlarged version. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tag_der_Bundeswehr_NH90_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="NH90 helicopter"><img alt="NH90 helicopter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tag_der_Bundeswehr_NH90_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Tag_der_Bundeswehr_NH90_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tag_der_Bundeswehr_NH90_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Tag_der_Bundeswehr_NH90_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tag_der_Bundeswehr_NH90_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Tag_der_Bundeswehr_NH90_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4510" data-file-height="2850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/NH90" class="mw-redirect" title="NH90">NH90</a> helicopter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GTK_Boxer_Fuehrungsfahrzeug_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boxer MRAV"><img alt="Boxer MRAV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/GTK_Boxer_Fuehrungsfahrzeug_front.jpg/120px-GTK_Boxer_Fuehrungsfahrzeug_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/GTK_Boxer_Fuehrungsfahrzeug_front.jpg/180px-GTK_Boxer_Fuehrungsfahrzeug_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/GTK_Boxer_Fuehrungsfahrzeug_front.jpg/240px-GTK_Boxer_Fuehrungsfahrzeug_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Boxer_MRAV" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer MRAV">Boxer MRAV</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Air_Force_Airbus_A400M_(out_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Airbus A400M"><img alt="Airbus A400M" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/German_Air_Force_Airbus_A400M_%28out_cropped%29.jpg/120px-German_Air_Force_Airbus_A400M_%28out_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/German_Air_Force_Airbus_A400M_%28out_cropped%29.jpg/180px-German_Air_Force_Airbus_A400M_%28out_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/German_Air_Force_Airbus_A400M_%28out_cropped%29.jpg/240px-German_Air_Force_Airbus_A400M_%28out_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A400M" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A400M">Airbus A400M</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Uniforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_uniform#Germany" title="Military uniform">Military_uniform § Germany</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_-_10th_Anniversary_of_Multinational_Corps_Northeast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundeswehr_-_10th_Anniversary_of_Multinational_Corps_Northeast.jpg/220px-Bundeswehr_-_10th_Anniversary_of_Multinational_Corps_Northeast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundeswehr_-_10th_Anniversary_of_Multinational_Corps_Northeast.jpg/330px-Bundeswehr_-_10th_Anniversary_of_Multinational_Corps_Northeast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundeswehr_-_10th_Anniversary_of_Multinational_Corps_Northeast.jpg/440px-Bundeswehr_-_10th_Anniversary_of_Multinational_Corps_Northeast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>German Army signallers in service uniforms</figcaption></figure> <p>The service uniform is theoretically the standard type of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundeswehr</i></span> uniform for general duty and off-post activity,<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is most associated with ceremonial occasions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The army's service uniform consists of a light grey, single-breasted coat and darker grey trousers, worn with a light blue shirt, black tie, and black shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peaked, visored cap has been replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Military_beret#Germany" title="Military beret">beret</a> as the most common form of headgear.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dress uniforms featuring dinner jackets or double-breasted coats are worn by officers for various social occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The battle and work uniform consists of <i><a href="/wiki/Flecktarn" title="Flecktarn">Flecktarn</a></i> camouflage fatigues, which are also worn on field duty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In practice, they are also used for general duty and off-post at least at barracks where there is also field duty even by others, and for the way home or to the post, and generally regarded as the <i>Heer</i> uniform.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all three services, light sand-coloured uniforms are available for duty in warmer climates.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 a new <i>Multitarn</i> pattern was launched, similar to the <a href="/wiki/MultiCam" title="MultiCam">MultiCam</a> uniforms of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> or <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A different, traditional variety of the service uniform is worn by the <i><a href="/wiki/Gebirgsj%C3%A4ger" title="Gebirgsjäger">Gebirgsjäger</a></i> (mountain infantry), consisting of ski jacket, stretch trousers, and ski boots. Instead of the beret, they wear the grey "mountain cap". The field uniform is the same, except for the (optional) metal <i><a href="/wiki/Edelweiss" class="mw-redirect" title="Edelweiss">Edelweiss</a></i> worn on the forage cap. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:040610-N-1823S-348_G36andpracticenade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/040610-N-1823S-348_G36andpracticenade.jpg/220px-040610-N-1823S-348_G36andpracticenade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/040610-N-1823S-348_G36andpracticenade.jpg/330px-040610-N-1823S-348_G36andpracticenade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/040610-N-1823S-348_G36andpracticenade.jpg/440px-040610-N-1823S-348_G36andpracticenade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>A German infantryman stands at the ready with his <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G36" title="Heckler & Koch G36">Heckler & Koch G36</a> during a practice exercise in 2004 as U.S. troops watch in the background. All rifles in the photo are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Blank_(cartridge)" title="Blank (cartridge)">blank</a> firing adapters.</figcaption></figure> <p>The traditional arm-of-service colours appear as lapel facings and as piping on shoulder straps.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generals wear an inner piping of gold braid; other officers wear silver piping.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lapel facings and piping are maroon for general staff, green for infantry, red for artillery, pink for armour, black for engineers, yellow for communications, dark yellow for reconnaissance and various other colors for the remaining branches.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Combat troops wear green (infantry), black (armour), or <a href="/wiki/Maroon_beret" title="Maroon beret">maroon</a> (airborne) berets.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Logistics troops<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and combat support troops, such as artillery or engineers, wear red berets.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A gold or silver badge on the beret denotes the individual branch of service.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The naval forces wear the traditional navy blue, double-breasted coat and trousers; enlisted personnel wear either a white shirt or a navy blue shirt with the traditional navy collar.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White uniforms provide an alternative for summer.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officer's dress cap is mounted with a gold anchor surrounded by a wreath.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The visor of the admiral's cap bears a double row of oak leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> captains wear the traditional white hat. </p><p>The air force service uniform consists of a blue jacket and trousers with a light blue shirt, dark blue tie, and black shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olive battle dress similar to the army fatigue uniform is worn in basic training and during other field duty.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flying personnel wear <a href="/wiki/Aviator_badge#After_1955" title="Aviator badge">wings</a> on their right breast.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other air force personnel wear a modified wing device with a symbol in its centre denoting service specialisation.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <i>Tätigkeitsabzeichen</i> come in bronze, silver, or gold, depending on one's length of service in the specialty.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wings, superimposed over a wreath, in gold, silver, or bronze, depending on rank, are also worn on the service or field cap.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trageweise_(Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Service uniform of the German Army (Heer)"><img alt="Service uniform of the German Army (Heer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29.svg/129px-Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29.svg/193px-Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29.svg/258px-Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Service uniform of the German Army (<i>Heer</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trageweise_(Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe)_(Luftwaffenfarben).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Service uniform of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe)"><img alt="Service uniform of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29_%28Luftwaffenfarben%29.svg/129px-Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29_%28Luftwaffenfarben%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29_%28Luftwaffenfarben%29.svg/193px-Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29_%28Luftwaffenfarben%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29_%28Luftwaffenfarben%29.svg/258px-Trageweise_%28Heer_%2B_Luftwaffe%29_%28Luftwaffenfarben%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Service uniform of the German Air Force (<i>Luftwaffe</i>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks">Ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Command_and_obedience_in_the_Bundeswehr" title="Command and obedience in the Bundeswehr">Command and obedience in the Bundeswehr</a></div> <p>In general, officer ranks are those used in the Prussian and pre-1945 German armies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Officer rank insignia are worn on shoulder straps or shoulder boards.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Army (<i>Heer</i>) and air force (<i>Luftwaffe</i>) junior officers' insignia are four pointed silver stars while field grade officers wear silver (black or white on camouflage uniforms) stars and an oak wreath around the lowest star.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The stars and wreath are gold for general officers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the case of naval (<i>Marine</i>) officers, rank is indicated by gold stripes on the lower sleeve of the blue service jacket and on shoulder boards of the white uniform.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soldier and NCO ranks are similar to those of the Prussian and pre-1945 German armies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the army and air force, a <i><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a></i> corresponds to the NATO rank OR-2 and <i><a href="/wiki/Obergefreiter" title="Obergefreiter">Obergefreiter</a></i> as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Hauptgefreiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptgefreiter">Hauptgefreiter</a></i> to OR-3, while OR-4 stands for <i><a href="/wiki/Stabsgefreiter" title="Stabsgefreiter">Stabsgefreiter</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Oberstabsgefreiter" title="Oberstabsgefreiter">Oberstabsgefreiter</a></i>. An <i><a href="/wiki/Unteroffizier" title="Unteroffizier">Unteroffizier</a></i> is the lowest-ranking sergeant (OR-5), followed by <i>Stabsunteroffizier</i> (also OR-5), <i><a href="/wiki/Feldwebel" title="Feldwebel">Feldwebel</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Oberfeldwebel" title="Oberfeldwebel">Oberfeldwebel</a></i> (OR-6), <i><a href="/wiki/Hauptfeldwebel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptfeldwebel">Hauptfeldwebel</a></i> (OR-7/8), <i>Stabsfeldwebel</i> (OR-8) and <i>Oberstabsfeldwebel</i> (OR-9).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ranks of army and air force enlisted personnel are designated by stripes, chevrons, and "sword knots" worn on rank slides.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naval enlisted rank designations are worn on the upper (OR 1–5) or lower (OR-6 and above) sleeve along with a symbol based on an anchor for the service specialization (rating).<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Army and air force officer candidates hold the separate ranks of <i><a href="/wiki/Fahnenjunker" title="Fahnenjunker">Fahnenjunker</a></i> (OR-5), <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4hnrich" title="Fähnrich">Fähnrich</a></i> (OR-6) and <i>Oberfähnrich</i> (OR-7/8), and wear the appropriate rank insignia plus a silver cord bound around it. Officers candidates in the navy <i>Seekadett</i> (sea cadet; equivalent to OR-5) and <i>Fähnrich zur See</i> (midshipman second class; OR-6) wear the rank insignia of the respective enlisted ranks but with a gold star instead of the rating symbol, while an <i>Oberfähnrich zur See</i> (midshipman first class; OR-7/8) wears an officer type thin rank stripe. </p><p>Medical personnel of all three services wear a version of the traditional caduceus (staff with entwined serpents) on their shoulder straps or sleeve.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_56-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officers' ranks have own designations differing from the line officers, the rank insignias however are basically the same. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women have served in the medical service since 1975. From 1993 they were also allowed to serve as enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers in the medical service and the <a href="/wiki/Military_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Military music">army bands</a>. In 2000, in a lawsuit brought up by <a href="/wiki/Tanja_Kreil" title="Tanja Kreil">Tanja Kreil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> issued a ruling allowing women to serve in more roles than previously allowed. Since 2001 they can serve in all functions of service without restriction, but they are not subject to conscription. There are presently around 23,066 women on active duty<sup id="cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundeswehr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a number of female reservists who take part in all duties including <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> missions and other operations. In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Verena_von_Weymarn" title="Verena von Weymarn">Verena von Weymarn</a> became <i>Generalarzt der Luftwaffe</i> (Surgeon General of the Air Force), the first woman ever to reach the rank of general in the armed forces of Germany. </p><p>For women, lower physical performance requirements are required in the basic fitness test, which must be completed at the time of recruitment and later on annually.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_structure">Rank structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rank structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rank_insignia_of_the_German_Bundeswehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr">Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr</a></div> <dl><dt>Officers</dt></dl> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>NATO code</th> <th colspan="2">OF-10</th> <th colspan="2">OF-9</th> <th colspan="2">OF-8</th> <th colspan="2">OF-7</th> <th colspan="2">OF-6</th> <th colspan="2">OF-5</th> <th colspan="2">OF-4</th> <th colspan="2">OF-3</th> <th colspan="2">OF-2</th> <th colspan="6">OF-1 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/17px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/26px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/34px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Germany_Army_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germany_Army-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_64_General.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/HD_H_64_General.svg/50px-HD_H_64_General.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/HD_H_64_General.svg/75px-HD_H_64_General.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/HD_H_64_General.svg/100px-HD_H_64_General.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_63_Generalleutnant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/HD_H_63_Generalleutnant.svg/50px-HD_H_63_Generalleutnant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/File:HD_H_61_Brigadegeneral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HD_H_61_Brigadegeneral.svg/50px-HD_H_61_Brigadegeneral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HD_H_61_Brigadegeneral.svg/75px-HD_H_61_Brigadegeneral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/HD_H_61_Brigadegeneral.svg/100px-HD_H_61_Brigadegeneral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_53_Oberst_i.G..svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/HD_H_53_Oberst_i.G..svg/50px-HD_H_53_Oberst_i.G..svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/HD_H_53_Oberst_i.G..svg/75px-HD_H_53_Oberst_i.G..svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/HD_H_51_Major_FJg.svg/50px-HD_H_51_Major_FJg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/HD_H_51_Major_FJg.svg/75px-HD_H_51_Major_FJg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/HD_H_51_Major_FJg.svg/100px-HD_H_51_Major_FJg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_44_Stabshauptmann_Art.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HD_H_44_Stabshauptmann_Art.svg/50px-HD_H_44_Stabshauptmann_Art.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HD_H_44_Stabshauptmann_Art.svg/75px-HD_H_44_Stabshauptmann_Art.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HD_H_44_Stabshauptmann_Art.svg/100px-HD_H_44_Stabshauptmann_Art.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_43_Hauptmann_HAufkl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HD_H_43_Hauptmann_HAufkl.svg/50px-HD_H_43_Hauptmann_HAufkl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HD_H_43_Hauptmann_HAufkl.svg/75px-HD_H_43_Hauptmann_HAufkl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HD_H_43_Hauptmann_HAufkl.svg/100px-HD_H_43_Hauptmann_HAufkl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_42_Oberleutnant_Pz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/HD_H_42_Oberleutnant_Pz.svg/50px-HD_H_42_Oberleutnant_Pz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/HD_H_42_Oberleutnant_Pz.svg/75px-HD_H_42_Oberleutnant_Pz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/HD_H_42_Oberleutnant_Pz.svg/100px-HD_H_42_Oberleutnant_Pz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg/50px-HD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg/75px-HD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg/100px-HD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/General_(Germany)" title="General (Germany)">General</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalleutnant" title="Generalleutnant">Generalleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalmajor" title="Generalmajor">Generalmajor</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Brigadegeneral" title="Brigadegeneral">Brigadegeneral</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberst" title="Oberst">Oberst</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstleutnant" title="Oberstleutnant">Oberstleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Major_(Germany)" title="Major (Germany)">Major</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabshauptmann" title="Stabshauptmann">Stabshauptmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptmann" title="Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberleutnant" title="Oberleutnant">Oberleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Leutnant" title="Leutnant">Leutnant</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Germany_Navy_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germany_Navy-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Navies/OF/Germany" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Navies/OF/Germany" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Navies/OF/Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany-Navy-OF-9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Germany-Navy-OF-9.svg/50px-Germany-Navy-OF-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Germany-Navy-OF-9.svg/75px-Germany-Navy-OF-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Germany-Navy-OF-9.svg/100px-Germany-Navy-OF-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany-Navy-OF-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Germany-Navy-OF-8.svg/50px-Germany-Navy-OF-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Germany-Navy-OF-8.svg/75px-Germany-Navy-OF-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Germany-Navy-OF-8.svg/100px-Germany-Navy-OF-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany-Navy-OF-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Germany-Navy-OF-7.svg/50px-Germany-Navy-OF-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Germany-Navy-OF-7.svg/75px-Germany-Navy-OF-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Germany-Navy-OF-7.svg/100px-Germany-Navy-OF-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany-Navy-OF-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Germany-Navy-OF-6.svg/50px-Germany-Navy-OF-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Germany-Navy-OF-6.svg/75px-Germany-Navy-OF-6.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O6.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O6.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O6.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany-Navy-OF-2b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Germany-Navy-OF-2b.svg/50px-Germany-Navy-OF-2b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Germany-Navy-OF-2b.svg/75px-Germany-Navy-OF-2b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Germany-Navy-OF-2b.svg/100px-Germany-Navy-OF-2b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Germany)" title="Admiral (Germany)">Admiral</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Vizeadmiral" title="Vizeadmiral">Vizeadmiral</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Konteradmiral" title="Konteradmiral">Konteradmiral</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Flottillenadmiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Flottillenadmiral">Flottillenadmiral</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kapit%C3%A4n_zur_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapitän zur See">Kapitän zur See</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Fregattenkapit%C3%A4n" title="Fregattenkapitän">Fregattenkapitän</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Korvettenkapit%C3%A4n" title="Korvettenkapitän">Korvettenkapitän</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabskapit%C3%A4nleutnant" title="Stabskapitänleutnant">Stabskapitänleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kapit%C3%A4nleutnant" title="Kapitänleutnant">Kapitänleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberleutnant_zur_See" title="Oberleutnant zur See">Oberleutnant<br /><span class="nowrap">zur See</span></a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Leutnant_zur_See" title="Leutnant zur See">Leutnant<br /><span class="nowrap">zur See</span></a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Germany_AirForce_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germany_AirForce-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_62_Generalmajor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LD_B_62_Generalmajor.svg/50px-LD_B_62_Generalmajor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LD_B_62_Generalmajor.svg/75px-LD_B_62_Generalmajor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LD_B_62_Generalmajor.svg/100px-LD_B_62_Generalmajor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_61_Brigadegeneral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/LD_B_61_Brigadegeneral.svg/50px-LD_B_61_Brigadegeneral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/LD_B_52_Oberstleutnant.svg/50px-LD_B_52_Oberstleutnant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/LD_B_52_Oberstleutnant.svg/75px-LD_B_52_Oberstleutnant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/LD_B_52_Oberstleutnant.svg/100px-LD_B_52_Oberstleutnant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_51_Major.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/LD_B_51_Major.svg/50px-LD_B_51_Major.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/LD_B_51_Major.svg/75px-LD_B_51_Major.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/LD_B_51_Major.svg/100px-LD_B_51_Major.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_44_Stabshauptmann.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/LD_B_44_Stabshauptmann.svg/50px-LD_B_44_Stabshauptmann.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/LD_B_44_Stabshauptmann.svg/75px-LD_B_44_Stabshauptmann.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/LD_B_44_Stabshauptmann.svg/100px-LD_B_44_Stabshauptmann.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_43_Hauptmann.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LD_B_43_Hauptmann.svg/50px-LD_B_43_Hauptmann.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LD_B_43_Hauptmann.svg/75px-LD_B_43_Hauptmann.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/LD_B_43_Hauptmann.svg/100px-LD_B_43_Hauptmann.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_42_Oberleutnant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/LD_B_42_Oberleutnant.svg/50px-LD_B_42_Oberleutnant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/LD_B_42_Oberleutnant.svg/75px-LD_B_42_Oberleutnant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/LD_B_42_Oberleutnant.svg/100px-LD_B_42_Oberleutnant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_41_Leutnant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/LD_B_41_Leutnant.svg/50px-LD_B_41_Leutnant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/LD_B_41_Leutnant.svg/75px-LD_B_41_Leutnant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/LD_B_41_Leutnant.svg/100px-LD_B_41_Leutnant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/General_(Germany)" title="General (Germany)">General</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalleutnant" title="Generalleutnant">Generalleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generalmajor" title="Generalmajor">Generalmajor</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Brigadegeneral" title="Brigadegeneral">Brigadegeneral</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberst" title="Oberst">Oberst</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstleutnant" title="Oberstleutnant">Oberstleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Major_(Germany)" title="Major (Germany)">Major</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabshauptmann" title="Stabshauptmann">Stabshauptmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptmann" title="Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberleutnant" title="Oberleutnant">Oberleutnant</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Leutnant" title="Leutnant">Leutnant</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>NATO code</th> <th colspan="2">OF-10</th> <th colspan="2">OF-9</th> <th colspan="2">OF-8</th> <th colspan="2">OF-7</th> <th colspan="2">OF-6</th> <th colspan="2">OF-5</th> <th colspan="2">OF-4</th> <th colspan="2">OF-3</th> <th colspan="2">OF-2</th> <th colspan="6">OF-1 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>NCOs and enlisted</dt></dl> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>NATO code</th> <th colspan="6">OR-9</th> <th colspan="2">OR-8</th> <th colspan="2">OR-7</th> <th colspan="6">OR-6</th> <th colspan="6">OR-5</th> <th colspan="4">OR-4</th> <th colspan="2">OR-3</th> <th colspan="6">OR-2</th> <th colspan="2">OR-1 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/17px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/26px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/34px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Germany_Army_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germany_Army-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HD_H_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel_HAufkl.svg/50px-HD_H_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel_HAufkl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HD_H_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel_HAufkl.svg/75px-HD_H_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel_HAufkl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/HD_H_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel_HAufkl.svg/100px-HD_H_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel_HAufkl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_34_Stabsfeldwebel_Fm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/HD_H_34_Stabsfeldwebel_Fm.svg/50px-HD_H_34_Stabsfeldwebel_Fm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/HD_H_34_Stabsfeldwebel_Fm.svg/75px-HD_H_34_Stabsfeldwebel_Fm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/HD_H_34_Stabsfeldwebel_Fm.svg/100px-HD_H_34_Stabsfeldwebel_Fm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_33_Hauptfeldwebel_ABCAbw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HD_H_33_Hauptfeldwebel_ABCAbw.svg/50px-HD_H_33_Hauptfeldwebel_ABCAbw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HD_H_33_Hauptfeldwebel_ABCAbw.svg/75px-HD_H_33_Hauptfeldwebel_ABCAbw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HD_H_33_Hauptfeldwebel_ABCAbw.svg/100px-HD_H_33_Hauptfeldwebel_ABCAbw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_32_Oberfeldwebel_HFla.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HD_H_32_Oberfeldwebel_HFla.svg/50px-HD_H_32_Oberfeldwebel_HFla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HD_H_32_Oberfeldwebel_HFla.svg/75px-HD_H_32_Oberfeldwebel_HFla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/HD_H_32_Oberfeldwebel_HFla.svg/100px-HD_H_32_Oberfeldwebel_HFla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_31_Feldwebel_Art.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HD_H_31_Feldwebel_Art.svg/50px-HD_H_31_Feldwebel_Art.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HD_H_31_Feldwebel_Art.svg/75px-HD_H_31_Feldwebel_Art.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HD_H_31_Feldwebel_Art.svg/100px-HD_H_31_Feldwebel_Art.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_22_Stabsunteroffizier_Pz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HD_H_22_Stabsunteroffizier_Pz.svg/50px-HD_H_22_Stabsunteroffizier_Pz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HD_H_22_Stabsunteroffizier_Pz.svg/75px-HD_H_22_Stabsunteroffizier_Pz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/HD_H_22_Stabsunteroffizier_Pz.svg/100px-HD_H_22_Stabsunteroffizier_Pz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_21_Unteroffizier_PzGren.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/HD_H_21_Unteroffizier_PzGren.svg/50px-HD_H_21_Unteroffizier_PzGren.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/HD_H_21_Unteroffizier_PzGren.svg/75px-HD_H_21_Unteroffizier_PzGren.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/HD_H_21_Unteroffizier_PzGren.svg/100px-HD_H_21_Unteroffizier_PzGren.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_15_Stabskorporal_HFla.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/HD_H_15_Stabskorporal_HFla.svg/50px-HD_H_15_Stabskorporal_HFla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/File:HD_H_16_Oberstabsgefreiter_Fm_L.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HD_H_16_Oberstabsgefreiter_Fm_L.svg/50px-HD_H_16_Oberstabsgefreiter_Fm_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HD_H_16_Oberstabsgefreiter_Fm_L.svg/75px-HD_H_16_Oberstabsgefreiter_Fm_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HD_H_16_Oberstabsgefreiter_Fm_L.svg/100px-HD_H_16_Oberstabsgefreiter_Fm_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_15_Stabsgefreiter_HFla_L.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HD_H_15_Stabsgefreiter_HFla_L.svg/50px-HD_H_15_Stabsgefreiter_HFla_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" 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</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstabsfeldwebel" title="Oberstabsfeldwebel">Oberstabsfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsfeldwebel" title="Stabsfeldwebel">Stabsfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptfeldwebel_(rank)" title="Hauptfeldwebel (rank)">Hauptfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberfeldwebel" title="Oberfeldwebel">Oberfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Feldwebel" title="Feldwebel">Feldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsunteroffizier" title="Stabsunteroffizier">Stabsunteroffizier</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Unteroffizier" title="Unteroffizier">Unteroffizier</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabskorporal" title="Stabskorporal">Stabskorporal</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Korporal" title="Korporal">Korporal</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstabsgefreiter" title="Oberstabsgefreiter">Oberstabsgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsgefreiter" title="Stabsgefreiter">Stabsgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptgefreiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptgefreiter">Hauptgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obergefreiter" title="Obergefreiter">Obergefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Soldat_(rank)" title="Soldat (rank)">Soldat</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/17px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/26px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg/34px-Truppenfahne_der_Bundeswehr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a></b><br /><small>(Officer designate)</small><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Armies/OR/Germany" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Armies/OR/Germany" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Armies/OR/Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="8" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_HFlg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HD_H_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_HFlg.svg/50px-HD_H_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_HFlg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HD_H_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_HFlg.svg/75px-HD_H_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_HFlg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HD_H_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_HFlg.svg/100px-HD_H_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_HFlg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HD_H_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich_Pi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Germany-Navy-OR-3a.svg/75px-Germany-Navy-OR-3a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Germany-Navy-OR-3a.svg/100px-Germany-Navy-OR-3a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="188" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany-Navy-OR-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Germany-Navy-OR-2.svg/50px-Germany-Navy-OR-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Germany-Navy-OR-2.svg/75px-Germany-Navy-OR-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Germany-Navy-OR-2.svg/100px-Germany-Navy-OR-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="151" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>No insignia</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstabsbootsmann" title="Oberstabsbootsmann">Oberstabsbootsmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsbootsmann" title="Stabsbootsmann">Stabsbootsmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptbootsmann" title="Hauptbootsmann">Hauptbootsmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberbootsmann" title="Oberbootsmann">Oberbootsmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bootsmann" title="Bootsmann">Bootsmann</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obermaat" title="Obermaat">Obermaat</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Maat_(rank)" title="Maat (rank)">Maat</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabskorporal" title="Stabskorporal">Stabskorporal</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Korporal#Germany" title="Korporal">Korporal</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstabsgefreiter" title="Oberstabsgefreiter">Oberstabsgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsgefreiter" title="Stabsgefreiter">Stabsgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptgefreiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptgefreiter">Hauptgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obergefreiter" title="Obergefreiter">Obergefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Matrose</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Officer designate)</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Navies/OR/Germany" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OR/Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Navies/OR/Germany" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Navies/OR/Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="8" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany-Navy-OR-6(D).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Germany-Navy-OR-6%28D%29.svg/50px-Germany-Navy-OR-6%28D%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" 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colspan="14" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%A4hnrich_zur_See" title="Oberfähnrich zur See">Oberfähnrich zur See</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4hnrich_zur_See" title="Fähnrich zur See">Fähnrich zur See</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Seekadett" title="Seekadett">Seekadett</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Germany_AirForce_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germany_AirForce-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Germany" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Germany" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/LD_B_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel.svg/50px-LD_B_35_Oberstabsfeldwebel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/LD_B_11_Flieger_L.svg/50px-LD_B_11_Flieger_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/LD_B_11_Flieger_L.svg/75px-LD_B_11_Flieger_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/LD_B_11_Flieger_L.svg/100px-LD_B_11_Flieger_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstabsfeldwebel" title="Oberstabsfeldwebel">Oberstabsfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsfeldwebel" title="Stabsfeldwebel">Stabsfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptfeldwebel_(rank)" title="Hauptfeldwebel (rank)">Hauptfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberfeldwebel" title="Oberfeldwebel">Oberfeldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Feldwebel" title="Feldwebel">Feldwebel</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsunteroffizier" title="Stabsunteroffizier">Stabsunteroffizier</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Unteroffizier" title="Unteroffizier">Unteroffizier</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabskorporal" title="Stabskorporal">Stabskorporal</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Korporal" title="Korporal">Korporal</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstabsgefreiter" title="Oberstabsgefreiter">Oberstabsgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsgefreiter" title="Stabsgefreiter">Stabsgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptgefreiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptgefreiter">Hauptgefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obergefreiter" title="Obergefreiter">Obergefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Soldat_(rank)" title="Soldat (rank)">Flieger</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Officer designate)</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Germany" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Germany" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_NATO_Air_Forces/OR/Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="8" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/LD_B_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich.svg/50px-LD_B_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/LD_B_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich.svg/75px-LD_B_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/LD_B_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich.svg/100px-LD_B_33a_Oberf%C3%A4hnrich.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LD_B_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich.svg/55px-LD_B_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LD_B_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich.svg/83px-LD_B_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LD_B_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich.svg/110px-LD_B_31a_F%C3%A4hnrich.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LD_B_21a_Fahnenjunker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LD_B_21a_Fahnenjunker.svg/55px-LD_B_21a_Fahnenjunker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LD_B_21a_Fahnenjunker.svg/83px-LD_B_21a_Fahnenjunker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/LD_B_21a_Fahnenjunker.svg/110px-LD_B_21a_Fahnenjunker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%A4hnrich" title="Oberfähnrich">Oberfähnrich</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4hnrich" title="Fähnrich">Fähnrich</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Fahnenjunker" title="Fahnenjunker">Fahnenjunker</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>NATO code</th> <th colspan="6">OR-9</th> <th colspan="2">OR-8</th> <th colspan="2">OR-7</th> <th colspan="6">OR-6</th> <th colspan="6">OR-5</th> <th colspan="4">OR-4</th> <th colspan="2">OR-3</th> <th colspan="6">OR-2</th> <th colspan="2">OR-1 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recruitment">Recruitment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Recruitment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the suspension of compulsory <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> service in 2011 and the reorientation of the Bundeswehr, the military district recruiting offices were dissolved effective 30 November 2012. Their tasks were taken over by the newly created career centers of the Bundeswehr. The career centers of the Bundeswehr are the armed forces main way of presenting itself as a nationwide employer for both military and civilian careers.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the structure of the Bundeswehr's personnel recruitment organization adopted in 2019, there are five large career centers in <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> with assessment centers. There are 16 smaller, regional career centers, of which only those in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> have an assessment center. The 110 career counseling offices belonging to the career centers are combined with 86 location teams of the career development service to form 113 counseling offices.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bundeswehr offers numerous career paths: </p> <ul><li>Voluntary military service (FWD) in Germany is an employment relationship for soldiers in a career of the lower rank Bundeswehr personnel. It lasts at least 7 and at most 23 months. Its legal status is similar to that of conscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A temporary soldier (abbreviated SaZ, colloquially called Zeitsoldat) is a soldier who voluntarily agrees to perform military service for a limited time. A SaZ can enter all three categories (enlisted, non-commissioned officers and officers). SaZ recruited as NCOs and officers undergo general military, career and specialty training. The regular commitment period is a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 25 years, but may not extend beyond the age of 62.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Professional soldiers for life (<i>Berufssoldat</i>) are selected from the group of temporary soldiers. In contrast to temporary soldiers, professional soldiers don't have contractual commitment periods but serve until retirement. The age of retirement varies with rank. It is possible for a professional soldier to ask for early discharge or to revert to temporal service.</li> <li>Career in the Reserve: There are multiple career paths in the reserve of the armed forces for officers, NCOs, and enlisted personnel, as well as for civilians who have no prior military training.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_German_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the German Armed Forces">Awards and decorations of the German Armed Forces</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Honour_of_the_Bundeswehr" title="Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr">Badge of Honour of the <i>Bundeswehr</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Action_Medal_of_the_Bundeswehr" title="Combat Action Medal of the Bundeswehr">Combat Action Medal of the <i>Bundeswehr</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Armed_Forces_Badge_of_Marksmanship" title="German Armed Forces Badge of Marksmanship">German Armed Forces Badge of Marksmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Armed_Forces_Badge_for_Military_Proficiency" title="German Armed Forces Badge for Military Proficiency">German Armed Forces Badge for Military Proficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Armed_Forces_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="German Armed Forces Service Medal">German Armed Forces Service Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Flood_Service_Medal_(2002)" title="German Flood Service Medal (2002)">German Flood Service Medal (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Flood_Service_Medal_(2013)" title="German Flood Service Medal (2013)">German Flood Service Medal (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Parachutist_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="German Parachutist Badge">German Parachutist Badge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Training_Center_of_the_Bundeswehr" title="United Nations Training Center of the Bundeswehr">United Nations Training Center of the <i>Bundeswehr</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media 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Dienen. Deutschland.' Das Selbstverständnis der Bundeswehr"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217211743/https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ueber-die-bundeswehr/selbstverstaendnis-bundeswehr">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Gesetze-im-internet.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103110623/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html#GGengl_000P65a">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Gesetze-im-internet.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103110623/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html#GGengl_000P115b">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+115b+Basic+Law&rft.pub=Gesetze-im-internet.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fenglisch_gg%2Fenglisch_gg.html%23GGengl_000P115b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bundeswehr-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bundeswehr_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ueber-die-bundeswehr/zahlen-daten-fakten/personalzahlen-bundeswehr">"Aktuelle Personalzahlen der Bundeswehr [Current personnel numbers of the Federal Defence]"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aktuelle+Personalzahlen+der+Bundeswehr+%5BCurrent+personnel+numbers+of+the+Federal+Defence%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr.de%2Fde%2Fueber-die-bundeswehr%2Fzahlen-daten-fakten%2Fpersonalzahlen-bundeswehr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reserve-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reserve_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reserve_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ueber-die-bundeswehr/die-reserve-der-bundeswehr/auftrag-der-reserve-der-bundeswehr">"Auftrag der Reserve"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auftrag+der+Reserve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr.de%2Fde%2Fueber-die-bundeswehr%2Fdie-reserve-der-bundeswehr%2Fauftrag-der-reserve-der-bundeswehr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haushalt_2024-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haushalt_2024_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haushalt_2024_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmvg.de/de/themen/verteidigungshaushalt">"Verteidigungshaushalt 2024"</a> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Germany+commits+%E2%82%AC100+billion+to+defense+spending&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgermany-commits-100-billion-to-defense-spending%2Fa-60933724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zms.bundeswehr.de/de/ardennen-offensive-vom-16-bis-24-12-1944-5721616">"Ardennen-Offensive: Verzögerung des Untergangs"</a>. <i>zms.bundeswehr.de</i> (in German). 20 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditionen+der+Bundeswehr&rft.pub=Bundesministerium+der+Verteidigung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr.de%2Fportal%2Fa%2Fbwde%2Fkcxml%2F04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd443cXQESYGYxgEh-pEwsaCUVH1fj_zcVH1v_QD9gtyIckdHRUUAWBsN8w%21%21%2Fdelta%2Fbase64xml%2FL3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0NfNEVI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fritz Erler, 'Politik und nicht Prestige,' in Erler and Jaeger, Sicherheit und Rustung, 1962, p.82-3, cited in Julian Lider, Origins and Development of West German Military Thought, Vol. I, 1949–1966, Gower Publishing Company Ltd, Aldershot/Brookfield VT, 1986, p.125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aberheim, 'The Citizen in Uniform: Reform and its Critics in the Bundeswehr,' in Szabo, (ed.), The Bundeswehr and Western Security, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1990, p.39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald Aberheim, 1990, p.37; Donald Aberheim, 'German Soldiers and German Unity: Political Foundations of the German Armed Forces,' California Naval Postgraduate School, 1991, p.14, cited in Artur A Bogowicz, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA376462">Polish Armed Forces of 2000: Demands and Changes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042357/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA376462">Archived</a> 22 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>,' NPGS Thesis, March 2000, and Obituary for General Ulrich de Maizière, The Times, 13 September 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Large, David Clay <i>Germans to the Front West German rearmament in the Adenauer era</i> University of North Carolina Press 1996 pp244-5 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-4539-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-4539-6">0-8078-4539-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Lewis Gaddis, 'The Cold War – a New History', Penguin Books, London, 2005, p.220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Large op.cit. pp263-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffield, John: <i>World Power Forsaken: Political Culture, International Institutions, and German Security Policy After Unification</i>, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FSIPRI-Milex-data-1948-2023.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK">"Military expenditure by country as percentage of government spending, 1988-2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLSX)</span>. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 14 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+expenditure+by+country+as+percentage+of+government+spending%2C+1988-2023&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2024-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fview.officeapps.live.com%2Fop%2Fview.aspx%3Fsrc%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.sipri.org%252Fsites%252Fdefault%252Ffiles%252FSIPRI-Milex-data-1948-2023.xlsx%26wdOrigin%3DBROWSELINK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tooze, Adam (2018). <i>Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World</i>. New York, New York: Viking Press. p. 354. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02493-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02493-3">978-0-670-02493-3</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1039188461">1039188461</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zukunft-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zukunft_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zukunft_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmvg.de/portal/a/bmvg/!ut/p/c4/NYu7DsIwEAT_yGeLIoiOKAjR0gTTOY7lHPilyyU0fDx2wa40xY4WnlCbzI7eMOZkAjxAWzxNHzHF3YtX3qiuYkW7OFoc8lpyQMY3jO06O2FzctzILjFWejKcSZRMHJrZiKoROIOWauilkv-o7_GqL50-yG649XcoMZ5_83Q_9Q!!/">"Ausblick: Die Bundeswehr der Zukunft"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Bundesministerium_der_Verteidigung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesministerium der Verteidigung">Bundesministerium der Verteidigung</a>. 18 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110625060415/http://www.bmvg.de/portal/a/bmvg/!ut/p/c4/NYu7DsIwEAT_yGeLIoiOKAjR0gTTOY7lHPilyyU0fDx2wa40xY4WnlCbzI7eMOZkAjxAWzxNHzHF3YtX3qiuYkW7OFoc8lpyQMY3jO06O2FzctzILjFWejKcSZRMHJrZiKoROIOWauilkv-o7_GqL50-yG649XcoMZ5_83Q_9Q!!">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ausblick%3A+Die+Bundeswehr+der+Zukunft&rft.pub=Bundesministerium+der+Verteidigung&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmvg.de%2Fportal%2Fa%2Fbmvg%2F%21ut%2Fp%2Fc4%2FNYu7DsIwEAT_yGeLIoiOKAjR0gTTOY7lHPilyyU0fDx2wa40xY4WnlCbzI7eMOZkAjxAWzxNHzHF3YtX3qiuYkW7OFoc8lpyQMY3jO06O2FzctzILjFWejKcSZRMHJrZiKoROIOWauilkv-o7_GqL50-yG649XcoMZ5_83Q_9Q%21%21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytdim-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytdim_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanker2011" class="citation news cs1">Shanker, Thom (10 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/11/world/europe/11gates.html?_r=0">"Defense Secretary Warns NATO of "Dim" Future"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140724042706/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/11/world/europe/11gates.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Defense+Secretary+Warns+NATO+of+%22Dim%22+Future&rft.date=2011-06-10&rft.aulast=Shanker&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F11%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F11gates.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ustsp-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ustsp_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz2012" class="citation news cs1">Schmitz, Gregor Peter (18 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/think-tank-criticizes-germany-s-role-in-nato-a-833797.html">"US Think Tank Slams Germany's NATO Role"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. <a href="/wiki/Spiegel_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel Online">Spiegel Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121224201046/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/think-tank-criticizes-germany-s-role-in-nato-a-833797.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=US+Think+Tank+Slams+Germany%27s+NATO+Role&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Gregor+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Fthink-tank-criticizes-germany-s-role-in-nato-a-833797.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alozius21-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alozius21_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuuko_Alozious2022" class="citation journal cs1">Juuko Alozious (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10242694.2021.1940649">"NATO's Two Percent Guideline: A Demand for Military Expenditure Perspective"</a>. <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i>. <b>33</b> (4): 475–488. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10242694.2021.1940649">10.1080/10242694.2021.1940649</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:237888569">237888569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+and+Peace+Economics&rft.atitle=NATO%27s+Two+Percent+Guideline%3A+A+Demand+for+Military+Expenditure+Perspective&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=475-488&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10242694.2021.1940649&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A237888569%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Juuko+Alozious&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F10242694.2021.1940649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreignaffairs-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foreignaffairs_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraw2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Braw, Elisabeth (19 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/europe/2016-01-19/bundeswehr-backs-away-brink">"Inside Germany's Higher Defense Spending – Foreign Affairs"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122092701/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/europe/2016-01-19/bundeswehr-backs-away-brink">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Inside+Germany%27s+Higher+Defense+Spending+%E2%80%93+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft.aulast=Braw&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Feurope%2F2016-01-19%2Fbundeswehr-backs-away-brink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/germanys-von-der-leyen-admits-major-bundeswehr-shortfalls/a-17959798">"Germany′s von der Leyen admits major Bundeswehr shortfalls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 27 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140928021232/http://www.dw.de/germanys-von-der-leyen-admits-major-bundeswehr-shortfalls/a-17959798">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spiegel.de&rft.atitle=Ramshackle+Army+at+Odds+with+Berlin%27s+Global+Aspirations+%E2%80%93+Spiegel+Online&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Framshackle-army-at-odds-with-berlin-s-global-aspirations-a-994607.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hug1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hug1_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin Huggler (2 June 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/10870695/German-army-to-offer-soldiers-creches-and-flat-screen-TVs.html">German army to offer soldiers crèches and flat-screen TVs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hug2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hug2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin Huggler (12 September 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/11093249/After-army-creches-and-cosy-barracks-Germany-has-new-idea-for-troops-shorter-working-hours.html">After army crèches and cosy barracks, Germany has new idea for troops – shorter working hours</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-defence-budget-idUSKBN0MD1T420150317">"Germany to boost mid-term defense spending"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905052524/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-defence-budget-idUSKBN0MD1T420150317">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Germany+to+boost+mid-term+defense+spending&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-germany-defence-budget-idUSKBN0MD1T420150317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madeline Chambers (3 December 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-germany-idUSKBN0TM25A20151203">More assertive Germany considers bigger army as Syria vote looms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909142958/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-germany-idUSKBN0TM25A20151203">Archived</a> 9 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPape" class="citation web cs1">Pape, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231193129/http://www.janes.com/article/54292/germany-italy-may-increase-submarine-fleets">"Germany, Italy may increase submarine fleets"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany+proposes+allowing+foreigners+to+join+its+army&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fsecurity%2Fnews%2Fgermany-proposes-allowing-non-germans-to-join-its-army%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-czroint-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-czroint_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_141113.htm?selectedLocale=en">"Germany, Romania and the Czech Republic deepen defence ties"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217144429/http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_141113.htm?selectedLocale=en">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%2C+Romania+and+the+Czech+Republic+deepen+defence+ties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatolive%2Fnews_141113.htm%3FselectedLocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-2020-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTianFleurantKuimovaWezeman2023" class="citation web cs1">Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BMVg.de&rft.atitle=RSS-Feed+%28Bundeswehr+und+Bundesministerium+der+Verteidigung%29&rft.date=2017-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmvg.de%2Fportal%2Fa%2Fbmvg%2F%21ut%2Fp%2Fc4%2FDcwxDsMgDEbhs_QCeO-WW6RdECSG_Ap1IttQqacvesO3PXrTTNJATY5LUqOVXhue-RvyZ9Rg2A7Wg-F2Xw2OMzDEkv9i6axxZ4lFwdPQ1Rkt5i4722AtyaxLtco6L073uTz-dYP0ig%21%21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurofighter.com/news/germany-to-purchase-20-additional-eurofighter-jets">"Germany To Purchase 20 Additional Eurofighter Jets"</a>. <i>Eurofighter Typhoon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurofighter+Typhoon&rft.atitle=Germany+To+Purchase+20+Additional+Eurofighter+Jets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurofighter.com%2Fnews%2Fgermany-to-purchase-20-additional-eurofighter-jets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germany-decides-principle-buy-f-35-fighter-jet-government-source-2022-03-14/">Germany to buy 35 Lockheed F-35 fighter jets from U.S. amid Ukraine crisis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagsausschuesse-genehmigen-kauf-von-60-chinook-transporthubschraubern-a-95f5b71c-27dd-4b68-b2d4-a6b3084b55cc">"Bundeswehr: Bundestagsausschüsse genehmigen Kauf von 60 Chinook-Transporthubschraubern"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German). 5 July 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2195-1349">2195-1349</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Bundeswehr%3A+Bundestagsaussch%C3%BCsse+genehmigen+Kauf+von+60+Chinook-Transporthubschraubern&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fbundestagsausschuesse-genehmigen-kauf-von-60-chinook-transporthubschraubern-a-95f5b71c-27dd-4b68-b2d4-a6b3084b55cc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hartpunkt.de/niedersachsenklasse-marine-bekommt-zwei-weitere-f126-fregatten/">"Niedersachsenklasse – Marine bekommt zwei weitere F126 Fregatten"</a> (in German). 12 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niedersachsenklasse+%E2%80%93+Marine+bekommt+zwei+weitere+F126+Fregatten&rft.date=2024-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hartpunkt.de%2Fniedersachsenklasse-marine-bekommt-zwei-weitere-f126-fregatten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loc-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc_56-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_R._Tartte" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jean R. Tartte. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/cntrystd.de"><i>Germany: A Country Study</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>. Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=Uniforms%2C+Ranks%2C+and+Insignia&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division&rft.au=Jean+R.+Tartte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.gdc%2Fcntrystd.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A soldier's joke about this situation runs thus: "The service uniform is called service uniform because it's not worn on service, while the field uniform is called field uniform because it's not worn in the field." (In the field they wear the battle uniform ("Gefechtsanzug"), an extended version of the field uniform.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/!ut/p/c4/NYsxDsMgEAR_xEEKIqWz4yZtmhg3FjYnCwUDOh9xk8cHiuxK08wuTFAb7cdvln2KNsAIZvW35RTL6VDYNxcMAQ9hyzE7pJmp5Izwasc6WFNEbmSM7Cs3spxI5EQcmilE1QjvwEg19Ooq_1HfTpu7ni5aDo_-CXnfux_9yhaG/">Bei jedem Wetter, zu jeder Zeit: Neue Tarnung für die Truppe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025132358/https://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/!ut/p/c4/NYsxDsMgEAR_xEEKIqWz4yZtmhg3FjYnCwUDOh9xk8cHiuxK08wuTFAb7cdvln2KNsAIZvW35RTL6VDYNxcMAQ9hyzE7pJmp5Izwasc6WFNEbmSM7Cs3spxI5EQcmilE1QjvwEg19Ooq_1HfTpu7ni5aDo_-CXnfux_9yhaG/">Archived</a> 25 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> bundeswehr.de. Erding, Bayern, 9 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorgans2016" class="citation news cs1">Borgans, Christoph (23 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/neue-bundeswehr-multi-tarnuniform-soll-unsichtbar-machen-14099437.html">"Neue Bundeswehr Multi-Tarnuniform soll unsichtbar machen"</a>. <i>Faz.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208213421/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/neue-bundeswehr-multi-tarnuniform-soll-unsichtbar-machen-14099437.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faz.net&rft.atitle=Neue+Bundeswehr+Multi-Tarnuniform+soll+unsichtbar+machen&rft.date=2016-04-23&rft.aulast=Borgans&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2Finland%2Fneue-bundeswehr-multi-tarnuniform-soll-unsichtbar-machen-14099437.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiwo.de/technologie/umwelt/die-bundeswehr-tarnt-sich-deutsche-soldaten-bekommen-neue-uniform/13502228.html">"Die Bundeswehr tarnt sich: Deutsche Soldaten bekommen neue Uniform"</a>. <i>Wiwo.de</i> (in German). 26 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208194538/http://www.wiwo.de/technologie/umwelt/die-bundeswehr-tarnt-sich-deutsche-soldaten-bekommen-neue-uniform/13502228.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wiwo.de&rft.atitle=Die+Bundeswehr+tarnt+sich%3A+Deutsche+Soldaten+bekommen+neue+Uniform&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiwo.de%2Ftechnologie%2Fumwelt%2Fdie-bundeswehr-tarnt-sich-deutsche-soldaten-bekommen-neue-uniform%2F13502228.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204151/http://www.reservisten.bundeswehr.de/resource/resource/MzEzNTM4MmUzMzMyMmUzMTM1MzMyZTM2MzEzMDMwMzAzMDMwMzAzMDY5NjM3MTM3Njk3YTY1NzgyMDIwMjAyMDIw/Ausbildung%20und%20erhalt%20IGF%20KLF%20Zentralanweisung%20B1_224_0_2.pdf">"Zentralanweisung B1-224/0-2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Bundesministerium_der_Verteidigung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesministerium der Verteidigung">Bundesministerium der Verteidigung</a>. p. 24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reservisten.bundeswehr.de/resource/resource/MzEzNTM4MmUzMzMyMmUzMTM1MzMyZTM2MzEzMDMwMzAzMDMwMzAzMDY5NjM3MTM3Njk3YTY1NzgyMDIwMjAyMDIw/Ausbildung%20und%20erhalt%20IGF%20KLF%20Zentralanweisung%20B1_224_0_2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zentralanweisung+B1-224%2F0-2&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Bundesministerium+der+Verteidigung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reservisten.bundeswehr.de%2Fresource%2Fresource%2FMzEzNTM4MmUzMzMyMmUzMTM1MzMyZTM2MzEzMDMwMzAzMDMwMzAzMDY5NjM3MTM3Njk3YTY1NzgyMDIwMjAyMDIw%2FAusbildung%2520und%2520erhalt%2520IGF%2520KLF%2520Zentralanweisung%2520B1_224_0_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germany_Army-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Germany_Army_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Germany_Army_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/aktuelles/mediathek/dienstgradabzeichen-heer-69056">"Dienstgradabzeichen Heer"</a>. <i>bundeswehr.de</i> (in German). Bundeswehr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bundeswehr.de&rft.atitle=Dienstgradabzeichen+Heer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr.de%2Fde%2Faktuelles%2Fmediathek%2Fdienstgradabzeichen-heer-69056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germany_Navy-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Germany_Navy_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Germany_Navy_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/aktuelles/mediathek/dienstgradabzeichen-marine-69062">"Dienstgradabzeichen Marine"</a>. <i>bundeswehr.de</i> (in German). Bundeswehr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bundeswehr.de&rft.atitle=Dienstgradabzeichen+Marine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr.de%2Fde%2Faktuelles%2Fmediathek%2Fdienstgradabzeichen-marine-69062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germany_AirForce-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Germany_AirForce_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Germany_AirForce_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/aktuelles/mediathek/dienstgradabzeichen-luftwaffe-69060">"Dienstgradabzeichen Luftwaffe"</a>. <i>bundeswehr.de</i> (in German). Bundeswehr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bundeswehr.de&rft.atitle=Dienstgradabzeichen+Luftwaffe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr.de%2Fde%2Faktuelles%2Fmediathek%2Fdienstgradabzeichen-luftwaffe-69060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/organisation/personal/organisation-/bundesamt-fuer-das-personalmanagement-der-bundeswehr-/karrierecenter-der-bundeswehr-">"Karrierecenter der Bundeswehr"</a>. <i>Bundeswehr.de</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundeswehr.de&rft.atitle=Karrierecenter+der+Bundeswehr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr.de%2Fde%2Forganisation%2Fpersonal%2Forganisation-%2Fbundesamt-fuer-das-personalmanagement-der-bundeswehr-%2Fkarrierecenter-der-bundeswehr-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/19/072/1907200.pdf#22">"Deutscher Bundestag Drucksache 19/7200"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Dip21.bundestag.de</i>. 29 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dip21.bundestag.de&rft.atitle=Deutscher+Bundestag+Drucksache+19%2F7200&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdip21.bundestag.de%2Fdip21%2Fbtd%2F19%2F072%2F1907200.pdf%2322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/sg/__58b.html">"§ 58b SG – Einzelnorm"</a>. <i>Gesetze-im-internet.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gesetze-im-internet.de&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+58b+SG+%E2%80%93+Einzelnorm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fsg%2F__58b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/sg/__1.html">"§ 1 SG – Einzelnorm"</a>. <i>Gesetze-im-internet.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gesetze-im-internet.de&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+1+SG+%E2%80%93+Einzelnorm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fsg%2F__1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/sg/__40.html">"§ 40 SG – Einzelnorm"</a>. <i>Gesetze-im-internet.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gesetze-im-internet.de&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+40+SG+%E2%80%93+Einzelnorm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fsg%2F__40.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150112182103/http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/slv_2002/__43.html">"Beförderung, Zulassung zu einer Laufbahn der Reserve und Berufung in das Dienstverhältnis einer Berufssoldatin oder eines Berufssoldaten"</a>. <i>www.gesetze-im-internet.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/slv_2002/__43.html">the original</a> on 12 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gesetze-im-internet.de&rft.atitle=Bef%C3%B6rderung%2C+Zulassung+zu+einer+Laufbahn+der+Reserve+und+Berufung+in+das+Dienstverh%C3%A4ltnis+einer+Berufssoldatin+oder+eines+Berufssoldaten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fslv_2002%2F__43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearle2003" class="citation book cs1">Searle, Alaric (2003). <i>Wehrmacht Generals, West German Society, and the Debate on Rearmament, 1949–1959</i>. Westport, CT: <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97968-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97968-3"><bdi>978-0-275-97968-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wehrmacht+Generals%2C+West+German+Society%2C+and+the+Debate+on+Rearmament%2C+1949%E2%80%931959&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97968-3&rft.aulast=Searle&rft.aufirst=Alaric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundeswehr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Seppo, Antti (2021). <i>From Guilt to Responsibility and Beyond: The Evolution of German Strategic Culture after the End of the Cold War</i>. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8305-5067-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8305-5067-9">978-3-8305-5067-9</a>.</li> <li>Stengel, Frank A. (2020). <i>The Politics of Military Force: Antimilitarism, Ideational Change, and Post-Cold War German Security Discourse</i>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-13221-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-13221-8">978-0-472-13221-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_Germany" title="Template:Military of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Military of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Germany&#124;link=Germany_Military_of_Germany_(Bundeswehr)_15px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military of Germany <i>(Bundeswehr)</i></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_Kreuz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bundeswehr_Kreuz.svg/15px-Bundeswehr_Kreuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bundeswehr_Kreuz.svg/23px-Bundeswehr_Kreuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bundeswehr_Kreuz.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Kreuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_Logo_Heer_with_lettering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bundeswehr_Logo_Heer_with_lettering.svg/15px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Heer_with_lettering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bundeswehr_Logo_Heer_with_lettering.svg/23px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Heer_with_lettering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bundeswehr_Logo_Heer_with_lettering.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Heer_with_lettering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army"><b>Army</b></a> <span class="nowrap">  </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_Logo_Marine_with_lettering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bundeswehr_Logo_Marine_with_lettering.svg/15px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Marine_with_lettering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bundeswehr_Logo_Marine_with_lettering.svg/23px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Marine_with_lettering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bundeswehr_Logo_Marine_with_lettering.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Marine_with_lettering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="654" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy"><b>Navy</b></a> <span class="nowrap">  </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_Logo_Luftwaffe_with_lettering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bundeswehr_Logo_Luftwaffe_with_lettering.svg/15px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Luftwaffe_with_lettering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bundeswehr_Logo_Luftwaffe_with_lettering.svg/23px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Luftwaffe_with_lettering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bundeswehr_Logo_Luftwaffe_with_lettering.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Luftwaffe_with_lettering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force"><b>Air Force</b></a> <span class="nowrap">  </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg/15px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg/23px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Sanitaetsdienst_with_lettering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Medical_Service_(Germany)" title="Joint Medical Service (Germany)"><b>Joint Medical Service</b></a> <span class="nowrap">  </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg/15px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg/23px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg/30px-Bundeswehr_Logo_Streitkraeftebasis_with_lettering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="134" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Service_(Germany)" title="Joint Support Service (Germany)"><b>Joint Support Service</b></a> <span class="nowrap">  </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png/15px-Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png/23px-Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png/30px-Logo_des_Cyber-_und_Informationsraum_Bundeswehr.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="877" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyber_and_Information_Domain_Service_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber and Information Domain Service (Germany)"><b>Cyber and Information Domain Service</b></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_the_Bundeswehr" title="Inspector General of the Bundeswehr">Inspector General</a></li> <li>Army <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_of_the_Army" title="Inspector of the Army">Inspector of the Army</a></li></ul></li> <li>Navy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_of_the_Navy" title="Inspector of the Navy">Inspector of the Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Air Force <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_of_the_Air_Force" title="Inspector of the Air Force">Inspector of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li>Medical <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspector_of_the_Medical_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspector of the Medical Service (page does not exist)">Inspector of the Medical Service</a></li></ul></li> <li>Support <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspector_of_the_Joint_Support_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspector of the Joint Support Base (page does not exist)">Inspector of the Joint Support Base</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cyber <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspector_of_the_Cyber_and_Information_Domain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspector of the Cyber and Information Domain (page does not exist)">Inspector of the Cyber and Information Domain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_equipment_of_the_German_Army" title="List of modern equipment of the German Army">Army equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_ships_of_the_German_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of active ships of the German Navy">Navy equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force#Aircraft" title="German Air Force">Air Force equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ranks and insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_obedience_in_the_Bundeswehr" title="Command and obedience in the Bundeswehr">Command and obedience in the Bundeswehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr_rank_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundeswehr rank insignia">Bundeswehr rank insignia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Germany_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Germany and weapons of mass destruction">Germany and weapons of mass destruction</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Germany_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_topics" title="Template:Germany topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_topics" title="Template talk:Germany topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germany_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General <br /> History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_German_history" title="Timeline of German history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Germany" title="Historiography of Germany">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Germany" title="Military history of Germany">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">List of early Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">History of the Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_warfare_between_the_Romans_and_Germanic_peoples" title="Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples">Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_War" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_campaigns_in_Germania_(12_BC_%E2%80%93_AD_16)" title="Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)">Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Wars">Gothic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410)" title="Sack of Rome (410)">Sack of Rome (410)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Germany in the early modern period">Early modern period, 1500–1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_history_of_Germany" title="18th-century history of Germany">18th-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%931849" title="German revolutions of 1848–1849">German revolutions of 1848–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Constitution" title="Frankfurt Constitution">Frankfurt Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">Unification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_during_World_War_I" title="History of Germany during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_guilt_question" title="War guilt question">War guilt question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">Revolution of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#World_War_II" title="Nazi Germany">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Flight and expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Germany (1945–1990)">Divided Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_since_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Germany since 1990">History of Germany since 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Prussia">History of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brandenburg">History of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_War" title="Cologne War">Cologne War</a>, 1583–1588</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_Revolution" title="Baden Revolution">Baden Revolution</a>, 1848</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Germany">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Germany" title="List of earthquakes in Germany">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Germany" title="Geology of Germany">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Germany" title="List of islands of Germany">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Germany" title="List of lakes of Germany">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Germany" title="Category:Mountains of Germany">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Germany" title="Category:Rivers of Germany">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Bundesrat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Bundeswehr</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(military)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Germany" title="Cabinet of Germany">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany" title="Judiciary of Germany">Court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Germany" title="Human rights in Germany">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Germany">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Germany" title="Law of Germany">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Germany" title="Law enforcement in Germany">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_Germany" title="Lobbying in Germany">Lobbying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Germany" title="Agriculture in Germany">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Automobile industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Germany" title="Banking in Germany">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_German_Chemical_Triangle" title="Middle German Chemical Triangle">Chemical Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Germany" title="Economic history of Germany">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Germany" title="Energy in Germany">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Germany" title="List of exports of Germany">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_model" title="German model">German model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GDP">German states by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelstand" title="Mittelstand"><i>Mittelstand</i> companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Germany" title="Science and technology in Germany">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Germany" title="Taxation in Germany">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Germany" title="Telecommunications in Germany">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Germany" title="Tourism in Germany">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Germany" title="Transport in Germany">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare in Germany">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Germany" title="Women in Germany">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Germany" title="Category:Society of Germany">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Germany" title="Crime in Germany">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Germany" title="Corruption in Germany">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany" title="Demographics of Germany">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Germany" title="Drug policy of Germany">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Germany" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Germany">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Germany" title="Women in Germany">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Germany" title="Healthcare in Germany">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Germany" title="Homelessness in Germany">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Germany" title="Immigration to Germany">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Germany" title="Irreligion in Germany">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of German states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Germany" title="Naturism in Germany">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Germany" title="Pensions in Germany">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Germany" title="Pornography in Germany">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Germany" title="Poverty in Germany">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Germany" title="Prostitution in Germany">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Germany" title="Racism in Germany">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues in Germany">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Germany" title="Architecture of Germany">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_art" title="German art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arts_in_Germany" title="Category:Arts in Germany">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany" title="Coat of arms of Germany">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Germany" title="Category:Dance in Germany">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_fashion" title="German fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Germany" title="Category:Festivals in Germany">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_folklore" title="German folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Germany" title="List of libraries in Germany">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_literature" title="German literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Germany" title="Internet in Germany">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Germany">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Germany" title="Names of Germany">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_philosophy" title="German philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_virtues" title="Prussian virtues">Prussian virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Germany" title="Sport in Germany">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Germany" title="Television in Germany">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Germany" title="Bibliography of Germany">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Germany" title="Category:Germany">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_Europe" title="Template:Military of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Military of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Armenia" title="Armed Forces of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Armed_Forces" title="Austrian Armed Forces">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Belarus" title="Armed Forces of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Army of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Forces_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Forces of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Armed_Forces" title="Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Iceland" title="Defence of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_(Ireland)" title="Defence Forces (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Armed_Forces" title="Luxembourg Armed Forces">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Services_(Monaco)" title="Public Services (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Armed_Forces" title="Sammarinese Armed Forces">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Armed_Forces" title="Serbian Armed Forces">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Armed_Forces" title="Abkhazian Armed Forces">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Security_Force" title="Kosovo Security Force">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Forces_Command" title="Security Forces Command">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Transnistria" title="Armed Forces of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Europe" title="Military history of Europe">Military history of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_Europe_by_military_expenditures" title="List of countries in Europe by military expenditures">List of countries in Europe by military expenditures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template talk:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animus_in_consulendo_liber" title="Animus in consulendo liber">Animus in consulendo liber</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_NATO" title="Flag of NATO">Flag of NATO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_NATO_Hymn" title="The NATO Hymn">The NATO Hymn</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Day" title="NATO Day">NATO Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Star" title="NATO Star">NATO Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_NATO" title="History of NATO">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_summit" title="NATO summit">Summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_operations" title="List of NATO operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">List of exercises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_NATO" title="Withdrawal from NATO">potential withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to NATO">Opposition to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato Internet domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_NATO" title="Structure of NATO">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="International Staff">International Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Staff" title="International Military Staff">International Military Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Land Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Maritime_Command" title="Allied Maritime Command">Maritime Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">JFC Brunssum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">JFC Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk" title="Joint Force Command Norfolk">JFC Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command" title="Joint Support and Enabling Command">Joint Support and Enabling Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Striking_and_Support_Forces_NATO" title="Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO">STRIKFORNATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHAPE_International_Band" title="SHAPE International Band">SHAPE International Band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" title="Allied Command Transformation">Allied Command Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="NATO Parliamentary Assembly">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardization_agreement" title="Standardization agreement">Standardization agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Chair of the NATO Military Committee">Chair of the Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation#Organization" title="Allied Command Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Army of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Armed_Forces" title="Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Iceland" title="Defence of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Armed_Forces" title="Luxembourg Armed Forces">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" title="Foreign relations of NATO">Multilateral relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Treaty_Association" title="Atlantic Treaty Association">Atlantic Treaty Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Dialogue" title="Mediterranean Dialogue">Mediterranean Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">Individual Partnership Action Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Cooperation_Initiative" title="Istanbul Cooperation Initiative">Istanbul Cooperation Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_global_partners" title="NATO global partners">NATO global partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">Open door policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">Relationship with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Relationship with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward NATO expansion issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Science_for_Peace_and_Security" title="NATO Science for Peace and Security">Science for Peace and Security</a> (SPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a> (METO/CENTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Gap" title="Suwałki Gap">Suwałki Gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_of_the_European_Union" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template talk:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_the_European_Union_Military_Staff" title="Director General of the European Union Military Staff">Director General of the Military Staff/Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_European_Union_Military_Committee" title="Chairman of the European Union Military Committee">Chairman of the Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Structure of the Common Security and Defence Policy">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (<a href="/wiki/Military_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Military Planning and Conduct Capability">Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a> within the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">Military Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Coordination_Cell" title="Joint Support Coordination Cell">Joint Support Coordination Cell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Intelligence_and_Situation_Centre" title="European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre">Intelligence and Situation Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Club_de_Berne" title="Club de Berne">Club de Berne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Management_and_Planning_Directorate_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (European Union)">Crisis Management and Planning Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_College" title="European Security and Defence College">Security & Defence College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">Defence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Institute_for_Security_Studies" title="European Union Institute for Security Studies">Institute for Security Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">Satellite Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Council</a> preparatory bodies</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">Committee of Permanent Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politico-Military_Group" title="Politico-Military Group">Politico-Military Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Civilian_Aspects_of_Crisis_Management" title="Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management">Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> bodies</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Defence_Industry_and_Space" title="Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space">Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Funding</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Fund" title="European Defence Fund">Defence Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_Strategy" title="European Security Strategy">Security Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_but_Arms" title="Everything but Arms">Everything but Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Annual_Review_on_Defence" title="Coordinated Annual Review on Defence">Annual Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Secure_Software-defined_Radio" title="European Secure Software-defined Radio">Secure Software-defined Radio</a> (PESCO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Service medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Medal for Extraordinary Meritorious Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community_Monitor_Mission_Medal" title="European Community Monitor Mission Medal">Monitor mission medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headline_Goal_2010" title="Headline Goal 2010">Headline Goal 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Erasmus" title="Military Erasmus">Military Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Mobility" title="Military Mobility">Military Mobility</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Union_Intelligence_School" title="Joint European Union Intelligence School">Intelligence School</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kortenberg_building" title="Kortenberg building">Kortenberg building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">NATO relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berlin_Plus_agreement" title="Berlin Plus agreement">Berlin Plus agreement</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Declaration_on_EU-NATO_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Declaration on EU-NATO Cooperation (page does not exist)">Joint Declaration</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/610145858098323022251">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/313299372">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2116728-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2015002944">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007601593005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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