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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Temple at Karnak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_at_Karnak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>New Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_Kingdom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle New Kingdom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-New_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Identification_with_Min_and_Ra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification_with_Min_and_Ra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Identification with Min and Ra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification_with_Min_and_Ra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amarna_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amarna_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Amarna Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amarna_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Theology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Intermediate_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Intermediate_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Third Intermediate Period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Third_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Third Intermediate Period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Third_Intermediate_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Theban High Priests of Amun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age_and_classical_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age_and_classical_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Iron Age and classical antiquity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iron_Age_and_classical_antiquity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Iron Age and classical antiquity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age_and_classical_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nubia_and_Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nubia_and_Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nubia and Sudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nubia_and_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siwa_Oasis_and_Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siwa_Oasis_and_Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Siwa Oasis and Libya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siwa_Oasis_and_Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoen" title="Amoen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amoen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%99%E1%8A%95" title="አሙን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አሙን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آمون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B3n" title="Amón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Amón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8" title="আমুন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আমুন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B3n" title="Amón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Амун – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Амун" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8" title="আমুন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আমুন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3)" title="Амон (бог) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амон (бог)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་མོན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་མོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Амон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Άμων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άμων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B3n" title="Amón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amono" title="Amono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B3n" title="Amón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%AC%B8" title="아문 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ամոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8" title="अमुन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमुन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%90%D7%9C)" title="אמון (אל) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמון (אל)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ამონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ammon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amons" title="Amons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amonas" title="Amonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81mon_(isten)" title="Ámon (isten) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ámon (isten)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Амон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%B4na_(andriamanitra)" title="Amôna (andriamanitra) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amôna (andriamanitra)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BB" title="അമുൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമുൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="अमुन रा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमुन रा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ამონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="امون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯃꯨꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯃꯨꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon_(mythologie)" title="Amon (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amon (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3" title="アメン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon_(b%C3%B3g_egipski)" title="Amon (bóg egipski) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amon (bóg egipski)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81mon" title="Ámon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ámon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آمون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="ئاموون – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاموون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அமூன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமூன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun_(Akuc)" title="Amun (Akuc) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amun (Akuc)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อาเมิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาเมิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Омун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Омун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آمون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun" title="Amun – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon_(mitolohiya)" title="Amon (mitolohiya) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amon (mitolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99" title="阿蒙 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿蒙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99" title="阿蒙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿蒙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amon" title="Amon – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Amon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99" title="阿蒙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿蒙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amun_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amun (disambiguation)">Amun (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #DECD87;">Amun</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun_post_Amarna_(azure_skin_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg/250px-Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="581" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg/330px-Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg/440px-Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="925" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">After the Amarna period, Amun was painted with blue skin, symbolizing his association with air and primeval creation. Amun was also depicted in a wide variety of other forms.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Amun:<table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y5.png?381eb" height="13" title="Y5 [mn]" alt="mn" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C12.png?7f171" height="38" title="C12" alt="C12" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Amun-Ra: <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y5.png?381eb" height="13" title="Y5 [mn]" alt="mn" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5 [ra]" alt="ra" /> <img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C12.png?7f171" height="38" title="C12" alt="C12" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Amun-Ra written in a <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a>:<table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca1.png?0f9ce" height="44" title="<" alt="<" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5 [ra]" alt="ra" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y5.png?381eb" height="13" title="Y5 [mn]" alt="mn" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A40.png?3f15b" height="36" title="A40" alt="A40" /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca2.png?3dadc" height="44" title=">" alt=">" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult center</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hermopolis" title="Hermopolis">Hermopolis</a>, (as a member of the Ogdoad)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">two vertical plumes, the ram-headed <a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a> (Criosphinx)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Temple</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa Oasis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a> (Libyan)<sup id="cite_ref-diodiii_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diodiii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Offspring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a><br />Harpara<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> (Libyan)<sup id="cite_ref-diodiii_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diodiii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #DECD87;">Equivalents</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Greek</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amun</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a major <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">ancient Egyptian deity</a> who appears as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Hermopolis_Magna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermopolis Magna">Hermopolitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a>. Amun was attested from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a> together with his wife <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a>. His oracle in <a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa Oasis</a>, located in Western Egypt near the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a>, remained the only <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> of Amun throughout.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">11th Dynasty</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 21st century</span> BC), Amun rose to the position of patron deity of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> by replacing <a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarburton2012211_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburton2012211-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially possibly one of eight deities in the Hermapolite creation myth, his worship expanded. After the rebellion of Thebes against the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> and with the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a> (16th century BC), Amun acquired <a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">national importance</a>, expressed in his fusion with the <a href="/wiki/Sun_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun god">Sun god</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>, as <b>Amun-Ra</b> (alternatively spelled <b>Amon-Ra</b> or <b>Amun-Re</b>). On his own, he was also thought to be the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_gods" title="King of the gods">king of the gods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amun-Ra retained chief importance in the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian pantheon">Egyptian pantheon</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> (with the exception of the "<a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenist heresy</a>" under <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>). Amun-Ra in this period (16th–11th centuries BC) held the position of <a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">transcendental</a>, self-created<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">creator deity</a> "par excellence"; he was the champion of the poor or troubled and central to personal <a href="/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">piety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>, Amun-Ra is the most widely recorded of the Egyptian gods.<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ra's name simply means "sun". Like most gods in Egyptian mythologies, gods had multiple names; his additional names were Re, Amun-Re, Khepri, Ra-Horakhty, and <a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the chief deity of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Empire">Egyptian Empire</a>, Amun-Ra also came to be worshiped outside Egypt, according to the testimony of ancient Greek historiographers in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>. As <b>Zeus Ammon</b> and <b>Jupiter Ammon</b>, he came to be <a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_Graeca" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretatio Graeca">identified with</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> in Greece and <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(god)" title="Jupiter (god)">Jupiter</a> in Rome. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion"><span class="nowrap">Ancient Egyptian</span> religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eye of Horus"><img alt="Eye of Horus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/120px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/250px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian pantheon">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>A</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li></ul> <p><b>B</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li></ul> <p><b>C</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Ferryman" title="Celestial Ferryman">Celestial Ferrymana</a></li></ul> <p><b>D</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li></ul> <p><b>G</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li></ul> <p><b>H</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkhisesui" title="Henkhisesui">Henkhisesui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchai" title="Hutchai">Hutchai</a></li></ul> <p><b>I</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li></ul> <p><b>J</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li></ul> <p><b>K</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li></ul> <p><b>M</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li></ul> <p><b>N</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li></ul> <p><b>P</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li></ul> <p><b>Q</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li></ul> <p><b>R</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li></ul> <p><b>S</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehbui" title="Shehbui">Shehbui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li></ul> <p><b>T</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li></ul> <p><b>U</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li></ul> <p><b>W</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li></ul> <p><b>Y</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Egypt" title="Sphinx">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Set animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Characters</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols and objects</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqtet_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seqtet boat">Seqtet boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Osiris" title="Mysteries of Osiris">Mysteries of Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Most_High_Goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Most High Goddess">Church of the Most High Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:transparent;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/20px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/40px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1910 <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Basset" title="René Basset">René Basset</a> suggested that the cult of Amun first developed in ancient Libya before spreading to ancient Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this is just an unproven hypothesis since Amun was "[f]irst attested in the tomb of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a>" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2350 BCE) in Egypt, and not in Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Amun and <a href="/wiki/Amaunet" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaunet">Amaunet</a> are mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Egyptian">Old Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Amun</i> (written <span title="Ancient Egyptian-language text"><i lang="egy">imn</i></span>) meant something like "the hidden one" or "invisible",<sup id="cite_ref-hart_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hart-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is also attested by epithets found in the Pyramid Texts "O You, the great god whose name is unknown".<sup id="cite_ref-PT276c_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PT276c-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amun rose to the position of <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">tutelary deity</a> of Thebes after the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="First Intermediate Period">First Intermediate Period</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">11th Dynasty</a>. As the patron of Thebes, his spouse was <a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a>. In Thebes, Amun as father, Mut as mother, and the Moon god <a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a> as their son formed the divine family or the "<a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temple_at_Karnak">Temple at Karnak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Temple at Karnak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Precinct_of_Amun-Re" title="Precinct of Amun-Re">Precinct of Amun-Re</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Karnak_Temple_complex" title="History of the Karnak Temple complex">History of the Karnak Temple complex</a></div> <p>The history of Amun as the patron god of Thebes begins in the 20th century BC, with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Precinct_of_Amun-Ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Precinct of Amun-Ra">Precinct of Amun-Ra</a> at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a> under <a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a>. The city of Thebes does not appear to have been of great significance before the 11th Dynasty. </p><p>Major construction work in the Precinct of Amun-Ra took place during the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">18th Dynasty</a> when Thebes became the capital of the unified ancient Egypt. </p><p>Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hypostyle_Hall,_Karnak" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Hypostyle Hall, Karnak">Hypostyle Hall</a> may have also begun during the 18th Dynasty, though most building was undertaken under <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merenptah" class="mw-redirect" title="Merenptah">Merenptah</a> commemorated his victories over the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a> on the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Precinct_of_Amun-Re#First_Court_(Cachette_Court)" title="Precinct of Amun-Re">Cachette Court</a>, the start of the processional route to the <a href="/wiki/Luxor_Temple" title="Luxor Temple">Luxor Temple</a>. This <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Karnak_Inscription" title="Great Karnak Inscription">Great Inscription</a></i> (which has now lost about a third of its content) shows the king's campaigns and eventual return with items of potential value and prisoners. Next to this inscription is the <i>Victory Stela</i>, which is largely a copy of the more famous <a href="/wiki/Merneptah_Stele" title="Merneptah Stele">Merneptah Stele</a> found in the funerary complex of Merenptah on the west bank of the Nile in Thebes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Merenptah's son <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a> added two small obelisks in front of the Second Pylon, and a triple bark-shrine to the north of the processional avenue in the same area. This was constructed of sandstone, with a chapel to Amun flanked by those of <a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a>. </p><p>The last major change to the Precinct of Amun-Ra's layout was the addition of the first <a href="/wiki/Pylon_(architecture)" title="Pylon (architecture)">pylon</a> and the massive enclosure walls that surrounded the whole Precinct, both constructed by <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Kingdom">New Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priest of Amun</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification_with_Min_and_Ra">Identification with Min and Ra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Identification with Min and Ra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Amen Ra" redirects here. For the Belgian band, see <a href="/wiki/Amenra" title="Amenra">Amenra</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Amon-Ra" redirects here. For the American football player, see <a href="/wiki/Amon-Ra_St._Brown" title="Amon-Ra St. Brown">Amon-Ra St. Brown</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sethos2-Disrobing-Amen-Re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sethos2-Disrobing-Amen-Re.jpg/220px-Sethos2-Disrobing-Amen-Re.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sethos2-Disrobing-Amen-Re.jpg/330px-Sethos2-Disrobing-Amen-Re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sethos2-Disrobing-Amen-Re.jpg/440px-Sethos2-Disrobing-Amen-Re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Amun depicted with <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> in the temple and Chapel at Abydos</figcaption></figure> <p>When the army of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">founder</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a> expelled the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> rulers from Egypt, the victor's city of origin, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, became the most important city in Egypt, the capital of a new dynasty. The local patron deity of Thebes, Amun, therefore became <a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">nationally important</a>. The pharaohs of that new dynasty attributed all of their successes to Amun, and they lavished much of their wealth and captured spoil on the construction of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">temples</a> dedicated to Amun.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The victory against the "foreign rulers" achieved by pharaohs who worshipped Amun caused him to be seen as a champion of the <a href="/wiki/Underdog_(competition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underdog (competition)">less fortunate</a>, upholding the rights of <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a> for the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By aiding those who traveled in his name, he became the <i>Protector of the road</i>. Since he upheld <a href="/wiki/Ma%27at" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'at">Ma'at</a> (truth, justice, and goodness),<sup id="cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> those who prayed to Amun were required first to demonstrate that they were worthy, by confessing their sins. Votive stelae from the artisans' village at <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Medina" title="Deir el-Medina">Deir el-Medina</a> record: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[Amun] who comes at the voice of the poor in distress, who gives breath to him who is wretched ... You are Amun, the Lord of the silent, who comes at the voice of the poor; when I call to you in my distress You come and rescue me ... Though the servant was disposed to do evil, the Lord is disposed to forgive. The Lord of Thebes spends not a whole day in anger; His wrath passes in a moment; none remains. His breath comes back to us in mercy ... May your <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul#Ka_(vital_essence)" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul"><i>ka</i></a> be kind; may you forgive; It shall not happen again.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Min,_Egyptian_fertility_deity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Min%2C_Egyptian_fertility_deity.jpg/250px-Min%2C_Egyptian_fertility_deity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Min%2C_Egyptian_fertility_deity.jpg/330px-Min%2C_Egyptian_fertility_deity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Min%2C_Egyptian_fertility_deity.jpg/500px-Min%2C_Egyptian_fertility_deity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Min in a relief from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a> from <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahari</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun_ram_statue_at_Karnak_Temple_in_Luxor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amun_ram_statue_at_Karnak_Temple_in_Luxor.JPG/250px-Amun_ram_statue_at_Karnak_Temple_in_Luxor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amun_ram_statue_at_Karnak_Temple_in_Luxor.JPG/330px-Amun_ram_statue_at_Karnak_Temple_in_Luxor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Amun_ram_statue_at_Karnak_Temple_in_Luxor.JPG/500px-Amun_ram_statue_at_Karnak_Temple_in_Luxor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Ka-mut-ef, "Bull of His Mother" as a ram-headed lion in the Avenue of Sphinxes at Karnak Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>Subsequently, when Egypt conquered <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a>, they identified the chief deity of the Kushites as Amun. This Kush deity was depicted as ram-headed, more specifically a woolly ram with curved horns. Amun thus became associated with the ram arising from the aged appearance of the Kush ram deity, and depictions related to Amun sometimes had small ram's horns, known as the <a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Ammon" title="Horns of Ammon">Horns of Ammon</a>. A solar deity in the form of a ram can be traced to the pre-literate <a href="/wiki/Kerma_culture" title="Kerma culture">Kerma culture</a> in Nubia, contemporary to the Old Kingdom of Egypt. The later (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Meroitic period</a>) name of Nubian Amun was <i>Amani</i>, attested in numerous personal names such as <a href="/wiki/Tanwetamani" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanwetamani">Tanwetamani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkamani" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkamani">Arkamani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amanitore" title="Amanitore">Amanitore</a>. Since rams were considered a symbol of virility, Amun also became thought of as a fertility deity, and so started to absorb the identity of <a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a>, becoming Amun-Min. This association with virility led to Amun-Min gaining the <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> <i>Kamutef</i>, meaning "Bull of his mother",<sup id="cite_ref-hart_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hart-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which form he was found depicted on the walls of <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phallus" title="Phallus">ithyphallic</a>, and with a <a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail#Theories_on_significance" title="Crook and flail">"flail"</a>, as Min was. </p><p>As the cult of Amun grew in importance, Amun became identified with the chief deity who was worshipped in other areas during that period, namely the sun god <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>. This identification led to another merger of identities, with Amun becoming Amun-Ra. In the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hymn_to_Amun-Ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hymn to Amun-Ra (page does not exist)">Hymn to Amun-Ra</a></i> he is described as </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Lord of truth, father of the gods, maker of men, creator of all animals, Lord of things that are, creator of the staff of life.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amun (New Kingdom)[b]"><img alt="Amun (New Kingdom)[b]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Amun.svg/60px-Amun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Amun.svg/120px-Amun.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amun (New Kingdom)<sup id="cite_ref-Originally_depicted_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Originally_depicted-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun_post_Amarna_(azure_skin_color).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amun (Post Amarna)[b]"><img alt="Amun (Post Amarna)[b]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg/60px-Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg/120px-Amun_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amun (Post Amarna)<sup id="cite_ref-Originally_depicted_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Originally_depicted-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun-Ra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amun-Ra (New Kingdom)"><img alt="Amun-Ra (New Kingdom)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amun-Ra.svg/60px-Amun-Ra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Amun-Ra.svg/120px-Amun-Ra.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amun-Ra (New Kingdom)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun-Ra_post_Amarna_(azure_skin_color).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amun-Ra (Post Amarna)"><img alt="Amun-Ra (Post Amarna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Amun-Ra_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg/60px-Amun-Ra_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Amun-Ra_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg/120px-Amun-Ra_post_Amarna_%28azure_skin_color%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amun-Ra (Post Amarna)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun_as_a_ram_headed-man.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amun as a Ram Headed man (New Kingdom)"><img alt="Amun as a Ram Headed man (New Kingdom)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Amun_as_a_ram_headed-man.svg/40px-Amun_as_a_ram_headed-man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Amun_as_a_ram_headed-man.svg/60px-Amun_as_a_ram_headed-man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Amun_as_a_ram_headed-man.svg/120px-Amun_as_a_ram_headed-man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amun as a Ram Headed man (New Kingdom)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Min.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amun-Min"><img alt="Amun-Min" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Min.svg/120px-Min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Min.svg/250px-Min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amun-Min</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun-Ra-Min.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amun-Ra-Min"><img alt="Amun-Ra-Min" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Amun-Ra-Min.svg/120px-Amun-Ra-Min.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Amun-Ra-Min.svg/250px-Amun-Ra-Min.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amun-Ra-Min</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amarna_Period">Amarna Period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Amarna Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun,_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun%2C_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun%2C_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun%2C_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="6015" /></a><figcaption>Hieroglyphs on the backpillar of Amenhotep III's statue. There are two places where Akhenaten's agents erased the name Amun, later restored on a deeper surface. The British Museum, London</figcaption></figure> <p>During the latter part of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth dynasty</a>, the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> (also known as Amenhotep IV) advanced the <a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">worship of the Aten</a>, a deity whose power was manifested in the sun disk, both literally and symbolically. He defaced the <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbols</a> of many of the old deities, and based his religious practices upon the deity, the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. He moved his capital away from Thebes, but this abrupt change was very unpopular with the priests of Amun, who now found themselves without any of their former power. The religion of Egypt was inexorably tied to the leadership of the country, the pharaoh being the leader of both. The pharaoh was the highest priest in the temple of the capital, and the next lower level of religious leaders were important advisers to the pharaoh, many being administrators of the bureaucracy that ran the country. </p><p>The introduction of Atenism under Akhenaten constructed a <a href="/wiki/Monolatrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monolatrist">monolatrist</a> worship of Aten in direct competition with that of Amun. Praises of Amun on stelae are strikingly similar in language to those later used, in particular, the <a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_the_Aten" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymn to the Aten">Hymn to the Aten</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When thou crossest the sky, all faces behold thee, but when thou departest, thou are hidden from their faces ... When thou settest in the western mountain, then they sleep in the manner of death ... The fashioner of that which the soil produces, ... a mother of profit to gods and men; a patient craftsman, greatly wearying himself as their maker ... valiant herdsman, driving his cattle, their refuge and the making of their living ... The sole Lord, who reaches the end of the lands every day, as one who sees them that tread thereon ... Every land chatters at his rising every day, in order to praise him.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>When Akhenaten died, Akhenaten's successor, <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a>, became pharaoh and Atenism remained established during his brief 2-year reign. When Smenkhkare died, an enigmatic female pharaoh known as <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a> took the throne for a brief period but it is unclear what happened during her reign. After Neferneferuaten's death, Akhenaten's 9-year-old son Tutankhaten succeeded her. At the beginning of his reign, the young pharaoh reversed Atenism, re-establishing the old polytheistic religion and renaming himself <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>. His sister-wife, then named Ankhesenpaaten, followed him and was renamed Ankhesenamun. Worship of the Aten ceased for the most part and worship of Amun-Ra was restored. </p><p>During the reign of Horemheb, Akhenaten's name was struck from Egyptian records, all of his religious and governmental changes were undone, and the capital was returned to Thebes. The return to the previous capital and its patron deity was accomplished so swiftly that it seemed this monolatrist cult and its governmental reforms had never existed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theology">Theology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ra_and_Amon_-_Ramses_IV_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ra_and_Amon_-_Ramses_IV_tomb.jpg/250px-Ra_and_Amon_-_Ramses_IV_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ra_and_Amon_-_Ramses_IV_tomb.jpg/500px-Ra_and_Amon_-_Ramses_IV_tomb.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Ra and Amun, from the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Ramses_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses IV">Ramses IV</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The god of wind <i>Amun</i> came to be identified with the solar god <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> and the god of fertility and creation <a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a>, so that Amun-Ra had the main characteristic of a <a href="/wiki/Solar_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar god">solar god</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creator_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Creator god">creator god</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fertility_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility god">fertility god</a>. He also adopted the aspect of the ram from the Nubian solar god, besides numerous other titles and aspects. </p><p>As Amun-Ra, he was petitioned for mercy by those who believed their suffering had come about as a result of their own or others' wrongdoing. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Amun-Ra</b> "who hears the prayer, who comes at the cry of the poor and <span class="nowrap">distressed ... .</span> Beware of him! Repeat him to son and daughter, to great and small; relate him to generations of generations who have not yet come into being; relate him to fishes in the deep, to birds in heaven; repeat him to him who does not know him and to him who knows <span class="nowrap">him ... .</span> Though it may be that the servant is normal in doing wrong, yet the Lord is normal in being merciful. The Lord of Thebes does not spend an entire day angry. As for his anger – in the completion of a moment there is no <span class="nowrap">remnant ... .</span> As thy <a href="/wiki/Ka_(Egyptian_soul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka (Egyptian soul)">Ka</a> endures! thou wilt be merciful!<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the Leiden hymns, Amun, <a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a>, and Re are regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">trinity</a> who are distinct gods but with unity in plurality.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"The three gods are one yet the Egyptian elsewhere insists on the separate identity of each of the three."<sup id="cite_ref-Frankfort-Wilson-Thorkild-1960_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frankfort-Wilson-Thorkild-1960-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>This unity in plurality is expressed in one text: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All gods are three: Amun, Re, and Ptah, whom none equals. He who hides his name as Amun, he appears to the face as Re, his body is Ptah.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Henri_Frankfort" title="Henri Frankfort">Henri Frankfort</a> suggested that Amun was originally a wind god and speculating pointed out that the implicit connection between the winds and mysteriousness was paralleled in a passage from the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>: </p> <dl><dd>"The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>A Leiden hymn to Amun describes how he calms stormy seas for the troubled sailor: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The tempest moves aside for the sailor who remembers the name of Amon. The storm becomes a sweet breeze for he who invokes His name ... Amon is more effective than millions for he who places Him in his heart. Thanks to Him the single man becomes stronger than a crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_Intermediate_Period">Third Intermediate Period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third Intermediate Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Amun-Re_-_Walters_571417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Egyptian_-_Amun-Re_-_Walters_571417.jpg/120px-Egyptian_-_Amun-Re_-_Walters_571417.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="664" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Egyptian_-_Amun-Re_-_Walters_571417.jpg/250px-Egyptian_-_Amun-Re_-_Walters_571417.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Intermediate Period">Third Intermediate Period</a> amulet from the <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a> depicts Amun fused with the solar deity, <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Re</a>, thereby making the supreme solar deity Amun-Re.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theban_High_Priests_of_Amun">Theban High Priests of Amun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theban High Priests of Amun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priest of Amun</a></div> <p>While not regarded as a dynasty, the <a href="/wiki/High_Priests_of_Amun" class="mw-redirect" title="High Priests of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Egypt)">Thebes</a> were nevertheless of such power and influence that they were effectively the rulers of Egypt from 1080 to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 943 BC. By the time Herihor was proclaimed as the first ruling High Priest of Amun in 1080 BC—in the 19th Year of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a>—the Amun priesthood exercised an effective hold on Egypt's economy. The Amun priests owned two-thirds of all the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian temples">temple</a> lands in Egypt and 90 percent of her ships and many other resources.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the Amun priests were as powerful as the pharaoh, if not more so. One of the sons of the High Priest Pinedjem would eventually assume the throne and rule Egypt for almost half a century as pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a>, while the Theban High Priest Psusennes III would take the throne as king <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a>—the final ruler of the 21st Dynasty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 10th century BC, the overwhelming dominance of Amun over all of Egypt gradually began to decline. In Thebes, however, his worship continued unabated, especially under the Nubian <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a>, as Amun was by now seen as a national god in Nubia. The <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Amun,_Jebel_Barkal" title="Temple of Amun, Jebel Barkal">Temple of Amun, Jebel Barkal</a>, founded during the New Kingdom, came to be the center of the religious ideology of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kingdom of Kush</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Victory_Stele_of_Piye_at_Gebel_Barkal" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory Stele of Piye at Gebel Barkal">Victory Stele of Piye at Gebel Barkal</a> (8th century BC) now distinguishes between an "Amun of <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a>" and an "Amun of Thebes". <a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tantamani</a> (died 653 BC), the last pharaoh of the Nubian dynasty, still bore a theophoric name referring to Amun in the Nubian form <i>Amani</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iron_Age_and_classical_antiquity">Iron Age and classical antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Iron Age and classical antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amun-Ra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Amun-Ra.jpg/250px-Amun-Ra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Amun-Ra.jpg/330px-Amun-Ra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Amun-Ra.jpg/500px-Amun-Ra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of Amun in a relief at Karnak (15th century BC)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nubia_and_Sudan">Nubia and Sudan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nubia and Sudan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areas outside Egypt continued to worship him into <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>. In Nubia, where his name was pronounced <i>Amane</i> or <i>Amani</i> (written in meroitic hieroglyphs as "𐦀𐦉𐦊𐦂" and in cursive as "𐦠𐦨𐦩𐦢"), he remained a national deity, with his priests, at <a href="/wiki/Meroe" class="mw-redirect" title="Meroe">Meroe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobatia" title="Nobatia">Nobatia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regulating the whole government of the country via an <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a>, choosing the ruler, and directing military expeditions. According to <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, these religious leaders were even able to compel kings to commit suicide, although this tradition stopped when <a href="/wiki/Ergamenes" title="Ergamenes">Arkamane</a>, in the 3rd century BC, slew them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffith1911_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffith1911-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, excavation of an Amun temple at Dangeil began in 2000 under the directorship of Drs Salah Mohamed Ahmed and Julie R. Anderson of the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM), Sudan and the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, UK, respectively. The temple was found to have been destroyed by fire, and <a href="/wiki/Accelerator_mass_spectrometry" title="Accelerator mass spectrometry">accelerator mass spectrometry</a> (AMS) and <a href="/wiki/C14_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="C14 dating">C14 dating</a> of the charred roof beams have placed the construction of the most recent incarnation of the temple in the 1st century AD. This date is further confirmed by the associated ceramics and inscriptions. Following its destruction, the temple gradually decayed and collapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most famous temples dedicated to Amun in Nubia is at <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Barkal" title="Jebel Barkal">Jebel Barkal</a>, located near the bank of the Nile just above the 4th cataract. Built out of and around a large sandstone mound, an early iteration of the temple was made of mudbrick by <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>, talatat blocks were used to create the first part of the enduring monumental structure consisting of the outer court, pylon, and inner shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expansions to the courtyard and forecourt were planned and construction started under <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>, but ultimately were left incomplete.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pinnacle of the temple is a large, solid piece of rock protruding from the sandstone mound, and is commonly thought to symbolize either a <a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a> or the White Crown of Upper Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egyptian occupiers of Nubia believed the mountain housed a primeval form of Amun of Karnak, calling Jebel Barkal “<i>Nswt-TꜢwy</i>” the “Thrones of the Two Lands.”<sup id="cite_ref-:2_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This is in reference to the intertwined religious and political importance attributed to the temple by both the native Nubians and the Egyptian occupiers, the latter of whom went to great lengths to establish a connection between their new empire and the people they subjugated.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site became known as a primal source of divine kingship, and association with the cult of Amun centered at Jebel Barkal helped to legitimize the ruler of Upper Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially utilized to support rule by Egyptian conquerors, the ideal continued after the collapse of the 25th dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strategic location of Jebel Barkal coupled with the religious power associated with the cult of Amun at the temple led Kushite kings such as <a href="/wiki/Piankhy" class="mw-redirect" title="Piankhy">Piankhy</a> to hold their seat of power at Jebel Barkal even as their empire extended through the Nile delta.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siwa_Oasis_and_Libya">Siwa Oasis and Libya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Siwa Oasis and Libya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa Oasis</a>, located in Western Egypt, there remained a solitary <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> of Amun near the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The worship of Ammon was introduced into Greece at an early period, probably through the medium of the Greek colony in <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>, which must have formed a connection with the great oracle of Ammon in the Oasis soon after its establishment. <a href="/wiki/Iarbas" title="Iarbas">Iarbas</a>, a mythological king of Libya, was also considered a son of Hammon. </p><p>According to the 6th century AD author <a href="/wiki/Corippus" title="Corippus">Corippus</a>, a Libyan people known as the <a href="/wiki/Laguatan" title="Laguatan">Laguatan</a> carried an effigy of their god <a href="/wiki/Gurzil" title="Gurzil">Gurzil</a>, whom they believed to be the son of Ammon, into battle against the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> in the 540s AD.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Levant">Levant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amun is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> as אמון מנא <i>Amon of No</i> in Jeremiah 46:25 (also translated <i>the horde of No</i> and <i>the horde of Alexandria</i>)<i>,</i> and Thebes possibly is called <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">נא אמון</span></span> <i>No-Amon</i> in Nahum 3:8 (also translated <i>populous Alexandria</i>). These texts were presumably written in the 7th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, said: "Behold, I am bringing punishment upon Amon of Thebes, and Pharaoh and Egypt and her gods and her kings, upon Pharaoh and those who trust in him."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> 46:25 (<a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">KJV</a>)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeus_Ammon_(Antikensammlung_M%C3%BCnchen).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zeus_Ammon_%28Antikensammlung_M%C3%BCnchen%29.jpg/250px-Zeus_Ammon_%28Antikensammlung_M%C3%BCnchen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zeus_Ammon_%28Antikensammlung_M%C3%BCnchen%29.jpg/330px-Zeus_Ammon_%28Antikensammlung_M%C3%BCnchen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zeus_Ammon_%28Antikensammlung_M%C3%BCnchen%29.jpg/500px-Zeus_Ammon_%28Antikensammlung_M%C3%BCnchen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption>Zeus-Ammon. Roman copy of a Greek original from the late 5th century BC. The Greeks of the lower Nile Delta and Cyrenaica combined features of supreme god Zeus with features of the Egyptian god Amun-Ra.</figcaption></figure> <p>Amun, worshipped by the Greeks as <i>Ammon</i> of <i>Heliopolis</i>, (meaning "city of the sun god")<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a temple and a statue, the gift of <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a> (d. 443 BC), at <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Greece)">Thebes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, the inhabitants of which, as <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> says,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consulted the oracle of Ammon in Libya from early times more than the other Greeks. At <a href="/wiki/Aphytis" title="Aphytis">Aphytis</a>, Chalcidice, Amun was worshipped, from the time of <a href="/wiki/Lysander" title="Lysander">Lysander</a> (d. 395 BC), as zealously as in Ammonium. Pindar the poet honored the god with a hymn. At <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a> the god was represented with the head of a ram (Paus. viii.32 § 1), and the Greeks of Cyrenaica dedicated at Delphi a chariot with a statue of Ammon. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> occupied Egypt in late 332 BC, he was regarded as a liberator, thus conquering Egypt without a fight.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was pronounced son of Amun by the oracle at <a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amun was identified as a form of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Alexander often referred to Zeus-Ammon as his true father, and after his death, currency depicted him adorned with the <a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Ammon" title="Horns of Ammon">Horns of Ammon</a> as a symbol of his divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition of depicting Alexander the Great with the horns of Amun continued for centuries, with Alexander being referred to in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander the Great in the Quran">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a>" (The Two-Horned One), a reference to his depiction on Middle Eastern coins<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and statuary as having horns of Ammon.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several words derive from Amun via the Greek form, <i>Ammon</i>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ammonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonite">ammonite</a></i>. The Romans called the <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</a> they collected from deposits near the Temple of Jupiter-Amun in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">ancient Libya</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sal_ammoniac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal ammoniac">sal ammoniacus</a></i> (salt of Amun) because of proximity to the nearby temple.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ammonia, as well as being the chemical, is a genus name in the <a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">foraminifera</a>. Both these foraminiferans (shelled <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a>) and ammonites (extinct shelled <a href="/wiki/Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">cephalopods</a>) bear spiral shells resembling a ram's, and Ammon's, horns. The regions of the <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus" title="Hippocampus">hippocampus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> are called the <a href="/wiki/Cornu_ammonis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornu ammonis">cornu ammonis</a> – literally "Amun's Horns", due to the horned appearance of the dark and light bands of cellular layers. </p><p>A Greek interpretation for why Amun is sometimes depicted with the head of a ram comes from <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>. He recounts a myth where Amun, urged by his son Khonsu to reveal his true form, concealed himself behind a ram's fleece while manifesting. This clever disguise allowed Amun to partially fulfill his son's request without fully exposing his true nature.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_deities" title="List of solar deities">List of solar deities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; also <b>Amon</b>, <b>Ammon</b>, <b>Amana, Amen</b>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <i lang="egy"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jmn" class="extiw" title="wikt:jmn">jmn</a></i>, reconstructed as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jaˈmaːnuw/</span> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Egyptian">Old Egyptian</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Egyptian">Middle Egyptian</a>) → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaˈmaːnəʔ/</span> (later <a href="/wiki/Middle_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Egyptian">Middle Egyptian</a>) → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaˈmoːn/</span> (<a href="/wiki/Late_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Egyptian">Late Egyptian</a>), <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>: <span lang="cop">Ⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Coptic-language romanization"><i lang="cop-Latn">Amoun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἄμμων</span></span> <i>Ámmōn</i>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἅμμων</span></span> <i>Hámmōn</i>; <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a>: 𐤀𐤌𐤍,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>romanized:</small> ʾmn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Originally_depicted-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Originally_depicted_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Originally_depicted_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally, Amun was depicted with red-brown skin during the New Kingdom, with two plumes on his head, the <a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">ankh</a> symbol, and the <a href="/wiki/Was_(sceptre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Was (sceptre)">was sceptre</a>. After the Amarna period, Amun was instead painted with blue skin.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-diodiii-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-diodiii_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-diodiii_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/3E*.html">3.62–74</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Varga, Dániel (2023). The Children of Montu: Harpara and Horus-Shu in Ptolemaic and Roman Thebes. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections. Vol. 39. p.276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Derchain-Urtel, Maria-Theresia (1979).<i>Synkretismus in ägyptischer Ikonographie - Die Göttin Tjenenet</i>. Göttinger Orientforschungen Vol. IV. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p.75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89S" class="mw-redirect" title="RÉS">RÉS</a> 367.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i>Description of Greece</i> x.13 § 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarburton2012211-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarburton2012211_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarburton2012">Warburton 2012</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:17_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStark2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Stark" title="Rodney Stark">Stark, Rodney</a> (2007). <i>Discovering God: The origins of the great religions and the evolution of belief</i> (1st ed.). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/HarperOne" title="HarperOne">HarperOne</a>. p. 405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-117389-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-117389-9"><bdi>978-0-06-117389-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+God%3A+The+origins+of+the+great+religions+and+the+evolution+of+belief&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=405&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-117389-9&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDick1999" class="citation book cs1">Dick, Michael Brennan (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VP3o2908v10C&pg=PA185"><i>Born in Heaven, Made on Earth: The making of the cult image in the ancient Near East</i></a>. Warsaw, IN, US: <a href="/wiki/Eisenbrauns" title="Eisenbrauns">Eisenbrauns</a>. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1575060248" title="Special:BookSources/1575060248"><bdi>1575060248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+in+Heaven%2C+Made+on+Earth%3A+The+making+of+the+cult+image+in+the+ancient+Near+East&rft.place=Warsaw%2C+IN%2C+US&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1575060248&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Michael+Brennan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVP3o2908v10C%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vincent_Arieh_Tobin_p20_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArieh_Tobin2003" class="citation book cs1">Arieh Tobin, Vincent (2003). Redford, Donald B. (ed.). <i>The Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology</i>. Oxford Guides. <a href="/wiki/Berkley_Books" title="Berkley Books">Berkley Books</a>. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-19096-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-425-19096-X"><bdi>0-425-19096-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Guide+to+Egyptian+Mythology&rft.series=Oxford+Guides&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Berkley+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-425-19096-X&rft.aulast=Arieh+Tobin&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mythopedia.com/topics/ra">"Ra"</a>. <i>Mythopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240730070238/https://mythopedia.com/topics/ra">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mythopedia.com&rft.atitle=Ra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmythopedia.com%2Ftopics%2Fra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taymat.org/etudesamazighes/Identité%20&%20Culture/histoire-et-religion-des-berberes.pdf"><i>Recherches sur la religion des berbères, René Basset. Revue de l'histoire des religions, René Dussaud & Paul Alphandéry</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+la+religion+des+berb%C3%A8res%2C+Ren%C3%A9+Basset.+Revue+de+l%27histoire+des+religions%2C+Ren%C3%A9+Dussaud+%26+Paul+Alphand%C3%A9ry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taymat.org%2Fetudesamazighes%2FIdentit%C3%A9%2520%26%2520Culture%2Fhistoire-et-religion-des-berberes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2025">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sofiatopia.org/maat/amun.htm">"Amun"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sofiatopia.org%2Fmaat%2Famun.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/eos/eos_page.pl?DPI=100&callnum=PJ1553.A1_1908_cop3&object=242">"Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrucken und Photographien des Berliner Museums"</a>. 1908. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222204909/https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/eos/eos_page.pl?DPI=100&callnum=PJ1553.A1_1908_cop3&object=242">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Altaegyptischen+Pyramidentexte+nach+den+Papierabdrucken+und+Photographien+des+Berliner+Museums&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Feos%2Feos_page.pl%3FDPI%3D100%26callnum%3DPJ1553.A1_1908_cop3%26object%3D242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hart-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hart_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hart_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHart2005" class="citation book cs1">Hart, George (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GG3qfiUY3xQC&pg=PA21"><i>The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses</i></a>. Abingdon, England: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36116-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36116-3"><bdi>978-0-415-36116-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240730070241/https://books.google.com/books?id=GG3qfiUY3xQC&pg=PA21">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Dictionary+of+Egyptian+Gods+and+Goddesses&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-36116-3&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGG3qfiUY3xQC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PT276c-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PT276c_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PT 276c</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlyth2006" class="citation book cs1">Blyth, Elizabeth (2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/karnakevolutiont00blyt"><i>Karnak: Evolution of a Temple</i></a></span>. Abingdon, England: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/karnakevolutiont00blyt/page/n190">164</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415404860" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415404860"><bdi>978-0415404860</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karnak%3A+Evolution+of+a+Temple&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0415404860&rft.aulast=Blyth&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkarnakevolutiont00blyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffith1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Llewellyn_Griffith" title="Francis Llewellyn Griffith">Griffith, Francis Llewellyn</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ammon" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ammon">Ammon</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">860–</span>861.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ammon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E860-%3C%2Fspan%3E861&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Francis+Llewellyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span> This cites: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erman" title="Adolf Erman">Erman</a>, <i>Handbook of Egyptian Religion</i> (London, 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Meyer" title="Eduard Meyer">Ed. Meyer</a>, art. "Ammon" in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Roscher" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher">Roscher's</a> <i>Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie</i></li> <li>Pietschmann, arts. "Ammon", "Ammoneion" in Pauly-Wissowa, <a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft"><i>Realencyclopädie</i></a></li> <li>Works on Egyptian religion quoted (in the encyclopædia) under Egypt, section <i>Religion</i></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLichtheim1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Lichtheim" title="Miriam Lichtheim">Lichtheim, Miriam</a> (1976). <i>Ancient Egyptian Literature: Volume II: The New Kingdom</i>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">105–</span>106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-03615-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-03615-8"><bdi>0-520-03615-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Literature%3A+Volume+II%3A+The+New+Kingdom&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E106&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-520-03615-8&rft.aulast=Lichtheim&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBudge1914" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E.A._Wallis_Budge" class="mw-redirect" title="E.A. Wallis Budge">Budge, E.A. Wallis</a> (1914). <i>An Introduction to Egyptian Literature</i> (1997 ed.). Minneola, New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-29502-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-29502-8"><bdi>0-486-29502-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Egyptian+Literature&rft.place=Minneola%2C+New+York&rft.pages=214&rft.edition=1997&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=0-486-29502-8&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.A.+Wallis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wilson_(Egyptologist)" title="John A. Wilson (Egyptologist)">Wilson, John A.</a> (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/presssite/metadata.epl?mode=synopsis&bookkey=67334"><i>The Burden of Egypt</i></a> (1963 ed.). Chicago, Illinois: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-90152-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-90152-7"><bdi>978-0-226-90152-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090820082716/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/presssite/metadata.epl?mode=synopsis&bookkey=67334">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Burden+of+Egypt&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=211&rft.edition=1963&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=978-0-226-90152-7&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.uchicago.edu%2Fpresssite%2Fmetadata.epl%3Fmode%3Dsynopsis%26bookkey%3D67334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1951">Wilson 1951</a>, p. 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorenz1992" class="citation book cs1">Morenz, Siegried (1992). <i>Egyptian Religion</i>. Translated by Keep, Ann E. Ithaca, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-8029-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-8029-9"><bdi>0-8014-8029-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Religion&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E145&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8014-8029-9&rft.aulast=Morenz&rft.aufirst=Siegried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frankfort-Wilson-Thorkild-1960-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frankfort-Wilson-Thorkild-1960_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrankfortWilsonJacobsen1960" class="citation book cs1">Frankfort, Henri; Wilson, John A.; Jacobsen, Thorkild (1960) [1951]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beforephilosophy00fran_0/page/75"><i>Before Philosophy: The intellectual adventure of ancient man</i></a></span>. Gretna, LA: <a href="/wiki/Pelican_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelican Publishing Company">Pelican Publishing Company</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beforephilosophy00fran_0/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140201987" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140201987"><bdi>978-0140201987</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+Philosophy%3A+The+intellectual+adventure+of+ancient+man&rft.place=Gretna%2C+LA&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0140201987&rft.aulast=Frankfort&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.au=Wilson%2C+John+A.&rft.au=Jacobsen%2C+Thorkild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeforephilosophy00fran_0%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAssmann2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Assmann" title="Jan Assmann">Assmann, Jan</a> (2008). <i>Of God and Gods</i>. Madison, WI: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-22554-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-22554-4"><bdi>978-0-299-22554-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+God+and+Gods&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-299-22554-4&rft.aulast=Assmann&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3:8&version=nasb">John 3:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrankfort1951" class="citation book cs1">Frankfort, Henri (1951). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beforephilosophyfran"><i>Before Philosophy</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beforephilosophyfran/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0006EUMNK">B0006EUMNK</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+Philosophy&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0006EUMNK%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Frankfort&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeforephilosophyfran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacq1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Jacq" title="Christian Jacq">Jacq, Christian</a> (1999). <i>The Living Wisdom of Ancient Egypt</i>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-02219-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-02219-9"><bdi>0-671-02219-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Living+Wisdom+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-671-02219-9&rft.aulast=Jacq&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClayton2006" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeCDGwAACAAJ&q=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs"><i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt</i></a>. London, England: Thames & Hudson. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500286289" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500286289"><bdi>978-0500286289</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240730070241/https://books.google.com/books?id=QeCDGwAACAAJ&q=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs%3A+The+Reign-by-reign+Record+of+the+Rulers+and+Dynasties+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0500286289&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQeCDGwAACAAJ%26q%3DChronicle%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPharaohs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">The Histories</a></i> ii.29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffith1911-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffith1911_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffith1911">Griffith 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSweekAndersonTanimoto2012" class="citation journal cs1">Sweek, Tracey; Anderson, Julie; Tanimoto, Satoko (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fjcms.1021202">"Architectural Conservation of an Amun Temple in Sudan"</a>. <i>Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies</i>. <b>10</b> (2). London, England: Ubiquity Press: <span class="nowrap">8–</span>16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fjcms.1021202">10.5334/jcms.1021202</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conservation+and+Museum+Studies&rft.atitle=Architectural+Conservation+of+an+Amun+Temple+in+Sudan&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Fjcms.1021202&rft.aulast=Sweek&rft.aufirst=Tracey&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Julie&rft.au=Tanimoto%2C+Satoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5334%252Fjcms.1021202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKendall2023" class="citation journal cs1">Kendall, Timothy (1 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/107994334">"Sudan's Holy Mountain. Jebel Barkal and Its Temples"</a>. <i>Sudan's Holy Mountain: Jebel Barkal and Its Temples. A Visitor's Guide</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan%27s+Holy+Mountain%3A+Jebel+Barkal+and+Its+Temples.+A+Visitor%27s+Guide.&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Holy+Mountain.+Jebel+Barkal+and+Its+Temples&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft.aulast=Kendall&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F107994334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKendallEl-Hassan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kendall, Timothy; El-Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed (2017). "JEBEL BARKAL IN THE NEW KINGDOM: AN EMERGING PICTURE". <i>British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan</i>. <b>3</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Museum+Publications+on+Egypt+and+Sudan&rft.atitle=JEBEL+BARKAL+IN+THE+NEW+KINGDOM%3A+AN+EMERGING+PICTURE&rft.volume=3&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kendall&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=El-Hassan%2C+Ahmed+Mohamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2021" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Bruce Beyer (18 February 2021). Emberling, Geoff; Williams, Bruce Beyer (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/35472/chapter/303802021#jumplink-oxfordhb-9780190496272-e-59-milestone-432">"The Napatan Neo-Kushite State: The Intermediate Period and Second Empire"</a>. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190496272.013.59">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.59</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-049627-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-049627-2"><bdi>978-0-19-049627-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Ancient+Nubia&rft.atitle=The+Napatan+Neo-Kushite+State%3A+The+Intermediate+Period+and+Second+Empire&rft.date=2021-02-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780190496272.013.59&rft.isbn=978-0-19-049627-2&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Bruce+Beyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fedited-volume%2F35472%2Fchapter%2F303802021%23jumplink-oxfordhb-9780190496272-e-59-milestone-432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMattingly1983" class="citation journal cs1">Mattingly, D.J. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/conant/Mattingly.pdf">"The Laguatan: A Libyan Tribal Confederation in the Late Roman Empire"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Libyan Studies</i>. <b>14</b>. London, England: Society for Libyan Studies: <span class="nowrap">98–</span>99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0263718900007810">10.1017/S0263718900007810</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164294564">164294564</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021090901/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/conant/Mattingly.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Libyan+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Laguatan%3A+A+Libyan+Tribal+Confederation+in+the+Late+Roman+Empire&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E99&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0263718900007810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164294564%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mattingly&rft.aufirst=D.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fitc%2Fhistory%2Fconant%2FMattingly.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122429/http://cf.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=0528&version=NIV">"Strong's Concordance / Gesenius' Lexicon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cf.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=0528&version=NIV">the original</a> on 13 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strong%27s+Concordance+%2F+Gesenius%27+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcf.blueletterbible.org%2Flang%2Flexicon%2Flexicon.cfm%3FStrongs%3D0528%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mythopedia.com/topics/ra">"Ra"</a>. <i>Mythopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240414091651/https://mythopedia.com/topics/ra">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mythopedia&rft.atitle=Ra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmythopedia.com%2Ftopics%2Fra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPausanias" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>. <a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece"><i>Description of Greece</i></a>. ix.16 § 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.au=Pausanias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPausanias" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>. <a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece"><i>Description of Greece</i></a>. iii.18 § 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.au=Pausanias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRingSalkinBerneySchellinger1994" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M; Berney, KA; Schellinger, Paul E, eds. (1994). <i>International dictionary of historic places</i>. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1994–1996. pp. 49, 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6"><bdi>978-1-884964-04-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+dictionary+of+historic+places&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=49%2C+320&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn%2C+1994%E2%80%931996&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-04-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1988" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, A. B. (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestempire00abbo"><i>Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great</i></a></span>. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">71–</span>74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquest+and+Empire%3A+The+Reign+of+Alexander+the+Great&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconquestempire00abbo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeremiah" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>. xlvi.25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.au=Jeremiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDahmen2007" class="citation book cs1">Dahmen, Karsten (2007). <i>The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins</i>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">10–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39451-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39451-2"><bdi>978-0-415-39451-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legend+of+Alexander+the+Great+on+Greek+and+Roman+Coins&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-39451-2&rft.aulast=Dahmen&rft.aufirst=Karsten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.middlebury.edu/collections/collection_highlights/node/2664">"Recent Ancient Coin Acquisitions Focus on Alexander the Great"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428143154/http://museum.middlebury.edu/collections/collection_highlights/node/2664">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recent+Ancient+Coin+Acquisitions+Focus+on+Alexander+the+Great&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.middlebury.edu%2Fcollections%2Fcollection_highlights%2Fnode%2F2664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=77497.0;wap2">Ammonite to Ammolite</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071102023049/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A632990">"Eponyms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/H2g2" title="H2g2">h2g2</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a>. 11 January 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A632990">the original</a> on 2 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=h2g2&rft.atitle=Eponyms&rft.date=2003-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fdna%2Fh2g2%2Falabaster%2FA632990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meeks, Dimitri; Favard-Meeks, Christine (1996) [French edition 1993]. Daily Life of the Egyptian Gods. Translated by G. M. Goshgarian. Cornell University Press. p.61.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/topic/Amon">"Amon"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amon&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FAmon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark, Joshua J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldhistory.org/amun/">"Amun"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amun&rft.btitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Joshua+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Famun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBudge1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._A._W._Budge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. A. W. Budge">Budge, E. A. W.</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sacred-texts.com/egy/tut/tut00.htm"><i>Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism, and Egyptian Monotheism</i></a>. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. – via sacred-texts.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tutankhamen%3A+Amenism%2C+Atenism%2C+and+Egyptian+Monotheism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+%26+Co.&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.+A.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsacred-texts.com%2Fegy%2Ftut%2Ftut00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlotz2006" class="citation book cs1">Klotz, David (2006). <i>Adoration of the Ram: Five Hymns to Amun-Re from Hibis Temple</i>. Yale Egyptological Studies. Vol. 6. New Haven: Yale Egyptological Seminar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-950343-02-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-950343-02-7"><bdi>978-1-950343-02-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adoration+of+the+Ram%3A+Five+Hymns+to+Amun-Re+from+Hibis+Temple&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.series=Yale+Egyptological+Studies&rft.pub=Yale+Egyptological+Seminar&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-950343-02-7&rft.aulast=Klotz&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarburton2012" class="citation book cs1">Warburton, David (2012). <i>Architecture, Power, and Religion: Hatshepsut, Amun and Karnak in Context</i>. Lit. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90235-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90235-1"><bdi>978-3-643-90235-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture%2C+Power%2C+and+Religion%3A+Hatshepsut%2C+Amun+and+Karnak+in+Context&rft.pub=Lit&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-643-90235-1&rft.aulast=Warburton&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAssmann1995" class="citation book cs1">Assmann, Jan (1995). <i>Egyptian Solar Religion in the New Kingdom: Re, Amun and the Crisis of Polytheism</i>. Kegan Paul International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0710304650" title="Special:BookSources/978-0710304650"><bdi>978-0710304650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Solar+Religion+in+the+New+Kingdom%3A+Re%2C+Amun+and+the+Crisis+of+Polytheism&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul+International&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0710304650&rft.aulast=Assmann&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAyad2009" class="citation book cs1">Ayad, Mariam F. (2009). <i>God's Wife, God's Servant: The God's Wife of Amun (c. 740–525 BC)</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415411707" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415411707"><bdi>978-0415411707</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Wife%2C+God%27s+Servant%3A+The+God%27s+Wife+of+Amun+%28c.+740%E2%80%93525+BC%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0415411707&rft.aulast=Ayad&rft.aufirst=Mariam+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCruz-Uribe1994" class="citation journal cs1">Cruz-Uribe, Eugene (1994). "The Khonsu Cosmogony". <i>Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt</i>. <b>31</b>: <span class="nowrap">169–</span>189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F40000676">10.2307/40000676</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40000676">40000676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Research+Center+in+Egypt&rft.atitle=The+Khonsu+Cosmogony&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F40000676&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40000676%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cruz-Uribe&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGabolde2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gabolde, Luc (2018). <i>Karnak, Amon-Rê : La genèse d'un temple, la naissance d'un dieu</i> (in French). Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7247-0686-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7247-0686-4"><bdi>978-2-7247-0686-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karnak%2C+Amon-R%C3%AA+%3A+La+gen%C3%A8se+d%27un+temple%2C+la+naissance+d%27un+dieu&rft.pub=Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+orientale+du+Caire&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2-7247-0686-4&rft.aulast=Gabolde&rft.aufirst=Luc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuermeur2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guermeur, Ivan (2005). <i>Les cultes d'Amon hors de Thèbes: Recherches de géographie religieuse</i> (in French). Brepols. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-71201-10-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-71201-10-3"><bdi>978-90-71201-10-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+cultes+d%27Amon+hors+de+Th%C3%A8bes%3A+Recherches+de+g%C3%A9ographie+religieuse&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-71201-10-3&rft.aulast=Guermeur&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlotz2012" class="citation book cs1">Klotz, David (2012). <i>Caesar in the City of Amun: Egyptian Temple Construction and Theology in Roman Thebes</i>. Association Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-54515-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-54515-8"><bdi>978-2-503-54515-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caesar+in+the+City+of+Amun%3A+Egyptian+Temple+Construction+and+Theology+in+Roman+Thebes&rft.pub=Association+%C3%89gyptologique+Reine+%C3%89lisabeth&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-503-54515-8&rft.aulast=Klotz&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKuhlmann1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kuhlmann, Klaus P. (1988). <i>Das Ammoneion. Archäologie, Geschichte und Kultpraxis des Orakels von Siwa</i> (in German). Verlag Phillip von Zabern in Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3805308199" title="Special:BookSources/978-3805308199"><bdi>978-3805308199</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Ammoneion.+Arch%C3%A4ologie%2C+Geschichte+und+Kultpraxis+des+Orakels+von+Siwa&rft.pub=Verlag+Phillip+von+Zabern+in+Wissenschaftliche+Buchgesellschaft&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-3805308199&rft.aulast=Kuhlmann&rft.aufirst=Klaus+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOtto1968" class="citation book cs1">Otto, Eberhard (1968). <i>Egyptian art and the cults of Osiris and Amon</i>. Abrams.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+art+and+the+cults+of+Osiris+and+Amon&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Otto&rft.aufirst=Eberhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoucheleau2008" class="citation book cs1">Roucheleau, Caroline Michelle (2008). <i>Amun temples in Nubia: a typological study of New Kingdom, Napatan and Meroitic temples</i>. Archaeopress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781407303376" title="Special:BookSources/9781407303376"><bdi>9781407303376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amun+temples+in+Nubia%3A+a+typological+study+of+New+Kingdom%2C+Napatan+and+Meroitic+temples&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781407303376&rft.aulast=Roucheleau&rft.aufirst=Caroline+Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThiers2009" class="citation book cs1">Thiers, Christophe, ed. (2009). <i>Documents de théologies thébaines tardives</i>. Université Paul-Valéry.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+de+th%C3%A9ologies+th%C3%A9baines+tardives&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+Paul-Val%C3%A9ry&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZandee1948" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zandee, Jan (1948). <i>De Hymnen aan Amon van papyrus Leiden I. 350</i> (in Dutch). E.J. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Hymnen+aan+Amon+van+papyrus+Leiden+I.+350&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Zandee&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZandee1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zandee, Jan (1992). <i>Der Amunhymnus des Papyrus Leiden I 344, Verso</i> (in German). Rijksmuseum van Oudheden. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-71201-10-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-71201-10-3"><bdi>978-90-71201-10-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Amunhymnus+des+Papyrus+Leiden+I+344%2C+Verso&rft.pub=Rijksmuseum+van+Oudheden&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-90-71201-10-3&rft.aulast=Zandee&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amun&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amun" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amun">Amun</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Wim van den Dungen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maat.sofiatopia.org/amun.htm">Leiden Hymns to Amun</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041205220629/http://www.karnak3d.net/">Karnak 3D :: Detailed 3D-reconstruction of the Great Temple of Amun at Karnak</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot/Usurpations" title="Wikipedia:Link rot/Usurpations"><span title="The original domain has been hijacked for the purposes of spam, advertising, or or other fraudulent activity. The archive URL is encased in a usurped template to mitigate accidentally re-activating the underlying usurped URL, such as by converting to a CS1 or CS2 template. See template documentation.">usurped</span></a></i>]</sup>, Marc Mateos, 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/schumata/3478852986/">Amun with features of Tutankhamun</a> (statue, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1332–1292 BC, Penn Museum)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Egyptian_religion506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Egyptian_religion506" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/175px-Djed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/263px-Djed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/350px-Djed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li> <li><b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Ferryman" title="Celestial Ferryman">Celestial Ferryman</a></li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li> <li><b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkhisesui" title="Henkhisesui">Henkhisesui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchai" title="Hutchai">Hutchai</a></li> <li><b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li> <li><b>J</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li> <li><b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li> <li><b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li> <li><b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehbui" title="Shehbui">Shehbui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li> <li><b>U</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li> <li><b>Y</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Egypt" title="Sphinx">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols<br />and objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Osiris" title="Mysteries of Osiris">Mysteries of Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Related religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Most_High_Goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Most High Goddess">Church of the Most High Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/20px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/40px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kushite_religion326" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#F0E4AE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kushite_religion_footer" title="Template:Kushite religion footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Kushite_religion_footer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Kushite religion footer (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kushite_religion_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kushite religion footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kushite_religion326" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion#History" title="Kushite religion">Beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubia#Christian_Nubia" title="Nubia">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile" title="Flooding of the Nile">Flooding of the Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Neferti" title="Prophecy of Neferti">Prophecy of Neferti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-S12.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-S12.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="58" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="58" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medjay#Pan-graves" title="Medjay">Burials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execration_texts" title="Execration texts">Execration texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_pyramids" title="Nubian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_architecture" title="Nubian architecture">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f0e4ae;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khenmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#f0e4ae;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amesemi#The_Temples_of_Naqa" title="Amesemi">Naqa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li>Amanete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li>Aqedise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li>Ariten</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Atari</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li>Breith</li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li>Makedeke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li>Mash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li>Miket</li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Wusa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush#History" title="Kingdom of Kush">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Group_culture" title="A-Group culture">A-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alodia" title="Alodia">Alodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-Group_culture#Existence_of_the_B-Group" title="A-Group culture">B-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blemmyes" title="Blemmyes">Blemmyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Group_culture" title="C-Group culture">C-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerma_culture" title="Kerma culture">Kerma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_al-Abwab" title="Kingdom of al-Abwab">Kingdom of al-Abwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makuria" title="Makuria">Makuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjay" title="Medjay">Medja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobatia" title="Nobatia">Nobatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Group_culture" title="X-Group culture">X-Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniba_(Nubia)" title="Aniba (Nubia)">Aniba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballana" title="Ballana">Ballana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeh" title="Bigeh">Bigeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triakontaschoinos" title="Triakontaschoinos">Dodekaschoinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dotawo" title="Dotawo">Dotawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Barkal" title="Jebel Barkal">Jebel Barkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawa,_Sudan" title="Kawa, Sudan">Kawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisht" title="Lisht">Lisht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musawwarat_es-Sufra" title="Musawwarat es-Sufra">Musawwarat es-Sufra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philae_temple_complex" title="Philae temple complex">Philae temple complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_Ibrim" title="Qasr Ibrim">Qasr Ibrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qustul" title="Qustul">Qustul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semna_(Nubia)" title="Semna (Nubia)">Semna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Amun,_Jebel_Barkal" title="Temple of Amun, Jebel Barkal">Temple of Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Dendur" title="Temple of Dendur">Temple of Dendur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Mut,_Jebel_Barkal" title="Temple of Mut, Jebel Barkal">Temple of Mut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_Hall_of_Dongola" title="Throne Hall of Dongola">Throne Hall of Dongola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombos_(Nubia)" title="Tombos (Nubia)">Tombos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">Sacred animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_lion" title="Barbary lion">Barbary lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_in_religion_and_mythology#Nubia" title="Cattle in religion and mythology">Cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Nile crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_elephant#History" title="North African elephant">North African elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_ibex" title="Nubian ibex">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#F0E4AE;width:1%">Symbols <br />& objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartouche (hieroglyph)">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold#History" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafir" title="Hafir">Hafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" 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