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class="space-y-2 pb-2"><section class="prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none"><div><h2 id="#etymonline_v_3062" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-4xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">pandemonium</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(n.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>1667, <i class="foreign notranslate">Pandæmonium</i>, in "Paradise Lost" the name of the palace built in the middle of Hell, "the high capital of Satan and all his peers," and the abode of all the demons; coined by John Milton (1608-1674) from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">pan-</i> "all" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of pan- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/pan-">pan-</a>) + Late Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">daemonium</i> "evil spirit," from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">daimonion</i> "inferior divine power," from <i class="foreign notranslate">daim</i><i class="foreign notranslate">ō</i><i class="foreign notranslate">n</i> "lesser god" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of demon " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/demon">demon</a>).</p> <p>Transferred sense "place of uproar and disorder" is from 1779; that of "wild, lawless confusion" is from 1865. Related: <i class="foreign notranslate">Pandemoniac</i>; <i class="foreign notranslate">pandemoniacal</i>; <i class="foreign notranslate">pandemonian</i>; <i class="foreign notranslate">pandemonic</i>.</p></section><div class="-mb-6 lg:-mb-8"><p class="text-sm font-sans text-battleship-gray flex items-center mt-0"><a class="inline-flex items-center text-battleship-gray hover:text-primary transition-colors group hover:no-underline" rel="nofollow" aria-label="also from 1667" title="Search for words also from 1667" href="/search?sort=a&q=from%3A1667"><span class="inline-flex items-center font-normal">also from 1667</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ml-0 w-4 h-4 text-lg transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-0.5" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a></p></div></section></div></div></div></div><div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Entries linking to <em> pandemonium </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of demon" class="w-full group" href="/word/demon"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_5575" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">demon</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>c. 1200, "an evil spirit, malignant supernatural being, an incubus, a devil," from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">daemon</i> "spirit," from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">daim</i><i class="foreign notranslate">ō</i><i class="foreign notranslate">n</i> "deity, divine power; lesser god; guiding spirit, tutelary deity" (sometimes including souls of the dead); "one's genius, lot, or fortune;" from PIE <i class="foreign notranslate">*dai-mon-</i> "divider, provider" (of fortunes or destinies), from root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *da- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*da-">*da-</a> "to divide."</p> <p>The malignant sense is because the Greek word was used (with <i class="foreign notranslate">daimonion</i>) in Christian Greek translations and the Vulgate for "god of the heathen, heathen idol" and also for "unclean spirit." Jewish authors earlier had employed the Greek word in this sense, using it to render <i class="foreign notranslate">shedim</i> "lords, idols" in the Septuagint, and Matthew viii.31 has <i class="foreign notranslate">daimones</i>, translated as <i class="foreign notranslate">deofol</i> in Old English, <i class="foreign notranslate">feend</i> or <i class="foreign notranslate">deuil</i> in Middle English. Another Old English word for this was <i class="foreign notranslate">hellcniht</i>, literally "hell-knight."</p> <p>The usual ancient Greek sense, "supernatural agent or intelligence lower than a god, ministering spirit" is attested in English from 1560s and is sometimes written <i class="foreign notranslate">daemon</i> or <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of daimon " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/daimon">daimon</a> for purposes of distinction. Meaning "destructive or hideous person" is from 1610s; as "an evil agency personified" (rum, etc.) from 1712.</p> <p>The <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Demon of Socrates</strong></i> (late 14c. in English) was a <i class="foreign notranslate">daimonion</i>, a "divine principle or inward oracle." His accusers, and later the Church Fathers, however, represented this otherwise. The <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Demon Star</strong></i> (1895) is <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of Algol " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/Algol">Algol </a> (q.v.) .</p></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of pan-" class="w-full group" href="/word/pan-"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_3053" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">pan-</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>word-forming element meaning "all, every, whole, all-inclusive," from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">pan-</i>, combining form of <i class="foreign notranslate">pas</i> (neuter <i class="foreign notranslate">pan</i>, masculine and neuter genitive <i class="foreign notranslate">pantos</i>) "all," from PIE <i class="foreign notranslate">*pant-</i> "all" (with derivatives found only in Greek and Tocharian).</p> <p>Commonly used as a prefix in Greek (before a labial <i class="foreign notranslate">pam-</i>; before a guttural <i class="foreign notranslate">pag-</i>), in modern times often with nationality names, the first example of which seems to have been <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Panslavism</strong></i> (1846). Also <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>panislamic</strong></i> (1881), <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>pan-American</strong></i> (1889), <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>pan-German</strong></i> (1892), <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>pan-African</strong></i> (1900), <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>pan-European</strong></i> (1901), <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>pan-Arabism</strong></i> (1930).</p></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of *da-" class="w-full group" href="/word/*da-"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_52834" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">*da-</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p><i class="foreign notranslate">*dā-</i>, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to divide."</p> <p>It might form all or part of: <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of betide " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/betide">betide</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of daimon " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/daimon">daimon</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of Damocles " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/Damocles">Damocles</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of deal " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/deal#etymonline_v_46749">deal</a> (v.); <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of deal " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/deal#etymonline_v_813">deal</a> (n.1) "part, portion;" <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of demagogue " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/demagogue">demagogue</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of demiurge " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/demiurge">demiurge</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of democracy " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/democracy">democracy</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of demography " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/demography">demography</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of demon " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/demon">demon</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of demotic " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/demotic">demotic</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of dole " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/dole">dole</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of endemic " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/endemic">endemic</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of epidemic " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/epidemic">epidemic</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of eudaemonic " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/eudaemonic">eudaemonic</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of geodesic " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/geodesic">geodesic</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of geodesy " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/geodesy">geodesy</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of ordeal " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/ordeal">ordeal</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of pandemic " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/pandemic">pandemic</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of pandemonium " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/pandemonium">pandemonium</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of tidal " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/tidal">tidal</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of tide " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/tide#etymonline_v_13311">tide</a> (n.) "rise and fall of the sea;" <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of tidings " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/tidings">tidings</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of tidy " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/tidy">tidy</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of time " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/time">time</a>; <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of zeitgeist " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/zeitgeist">zeitgeist</a>.</p> <p>It might also be the source of: Sanskrit <i class="foreign notranslate">dati</i> "cuts, divides;" Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">dēmos</i> "people, land," perhaps literally "division of society," <i class="foreign notranslate">daiesthai</i> "to divide;" Old Irish <i class="foreign notranslate">dam</i> "troop, company;" Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">tid</i> "point or portion of time," German <i class="foreign notranslate">Zeit</i> "time."</p></section></div></div></div><div class="mt-4"><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"></ul></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_ngram" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all mt-1 w-full max-h-[250px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Log in</a> to see fewer ads, and become a <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Premium Member</a> to remove all ads.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="min-h-unit-7"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Trends of <em> pandemonium </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><canvas role="img" height="150" width="300"></canvas><div class="text-left text-xs font-sans italic py-2 text-spanish-gray dark:text-davis-gray">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/ with a 7-year moving average; ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">More to explore</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of chaos" class="w-full group" href="/word/chaos"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">chaos</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., "gaping void; empty, immeasurable space," from Old French chaos (14c.) or directly from Latin chaos, from Greek khaos "abyss, that which gapes wide open, that which is vast and empty" (from *khnwos, from PIE root *ghieh- "to yawn, gape, be wide open"). The meaning "utt" class="block" href="/word/chaos"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of chaos">late 14c., "gaping void; empty, immeasurable space," from Old French chaos (14c.) or directly from Latin chaos, from Greek khaos "abyss, that which gapes wide open, that which is vast and empty" (from *khnwos, from PIE root *ghieh- "to yawn, gape, be wide open"). The meaning "utt</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of bedlam" class="w-full group" href="/word/bedlam"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">bedlam</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""scene of mad confusion," 1660s, from colloquial pronunciation of Bethlehem, short for "Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem" in London, which was founded 1247 as a priory, mentioned as a hospital by 1330 and as a lunatic hospital by 1402. It was converted to a civic lunatic asylu" class="block" href="/word/bedlam"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of bedlam">"scene of mad confusion," 1660s, from colloquial pronunciation of Bethlehem, short for "Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem" in London, which was founded 1247 as a priory, mentioned as a hospital by 1330 and as a lunatic hospital by 1402. It was converted to a civic lunatic asylu</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of beldam" class="w-full group" href="/word/beldam"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">beldam</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="also beldame, "aged woman," 1570s; earlier "grandmother" (mid-15c.), from dame (q.v.) in the sense of "mother" + bel-, Middle English prefix expressing relationship (as in belfader, belsire "grandfather"), from Old French bel, belle "beautiful, fair, fine" (see belle). This "dire" class="block" href="/word/beldam"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of beldam">also beldame, "aged woman," 1570s; earlier "grandmother" (mid-15c.), from dame (q.v.) in the sense of "mother" + bel-, Middle English prefix expressing relationship (as in belfader, belsire "grandfather"), from Old French bel, belle "beautiful, fair, fine" (see belle). This "dire</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of blamed" class="w-full group" href="/word/blamed"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">blamed</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""confoundedly" 1833, later also as an adjective (1840), from past participle of blame (v.), as a "euphemistic evasion of the horrible word damn." [Bartlett, "Dictionary of Americanisms," 1848]. This adjective 'blamed' is the virtuous oath by which simple people, who are improvin" class="block" href="/word/blamed"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of blamed">"confoundedly" 1833, later also as an adjective (1840), from past participle of blame (v.), as a "euphemistic evasion of the horrible word damn." [Bartlett, "Dictionary of Americanisms," 1848]. This adjective 'blamed' is the virtuous oath by which simple people, who are improvin</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of confusion" class="w-full group" href="/word/confusion"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">confusion</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="c. 1300, confusioun, "overthrow, ruin," from Old French confusion "disorder, confusion, shame" (11c.) and directly from Latin confusionem (nominative confusio) "a mingling, mixing, blending; confusion, disorder," noun of action from past-participle stem of confundere "to pour tog" class="block" href="/word/confusion"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of confusion">c. 1300, confusioun, "overthrow, ruin," from Old French confusion "disorder, confusion, shame" (11c.) and directly from Latin confusionem (nominative confusio) "a mingling, mixing, blending; confusion, disorder," noun of action from past-participle stem of confundere "to pour tog</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of profound" class="w-full group" href="/word/profound"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">profound</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="c. 1300, "characterized by intellectual depth, very learned," from Old French profont, profund (12c., Modern French profond) and directly from Latin profundus "deep, bottomless, vast," also "obscure; profound; immoderate," from pro "forth" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward") + fu" class="block" href="/word/profound"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of profound">c. 1300, "characterized by intellectual depth, very learned," from Old French profont, profund (12c., Modern French profond) and directly from Latin profundus "deep, bottomless, vast," also "obscure; profound; immoderate," from pro "forth" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward") + fu</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of cross" class="w-full group" href="/word/cross"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">cross</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="Old English cros "instrument of Christ's crucifixion; symbol of Christianity" (mid-10c.), probably from Old Norse or another Scandinavian source, picked up by the Norse from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (accusative crucem, genitive crucis) "stake, cross" on which criminals wer" class="block" href="/word/cross"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of cross">Old English cros "instrument of Christ's crucifixion; symbol of Christianity" (mid-10c.), probably from Old Norse or another Scandinavian source, picked up by the Norse from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (accusative crucem, genitive crucis) "stake, cross" on which criminals wer</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of bead" class="w-full group" href="/word/bead"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">bead</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="mid-14c., bede, "prayer bead," from Old English gebed "prayer," with intensive or collective prefix *ge- + Proto-Germanic *bidam "entreaty." This reconstructed word is also the source of Middle Dutch bede, Old High German beta, German bitte, Gothic bida "prayer, request," which a" class="block" href="/word/bead"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of bead">mid-14c., bede, "prayer bead," from Old English gebed "prayer," with intensive or collective prefix *ge- + Proto-Germanic *bidam "entreaty." This reconstructed word is also the source of Middle Dutch bede, Old High German beta, German bitte, Gothic bida "prayer, request," which a</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of illusion" class="w-full group" href="/word/illusion"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">illusion</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="mid-14c., "mockery, scorning, derision;" late 14c., "act of deception; deceptive appearance, apparition; delusion of the mind," from Old French illusion "a mocking, deceit, deception" (12c.), from Latin illusionem (nominative illusio) "a mocking, jesting, jeering; irony," from pa" class="block" href="/word/illusion"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of illusion">mid-14c., "mockery, scorning, derision;" late 14c., "act of deception; deceptive appearance, apparition; delusion of the mind," from Old French illusion "a mocking, deceit, deception" (12c.), from Latin illusionem (nominative illusio) "a mocking, jesting, jeering; irony," from pa</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of vehement" class="w-full group" href="/word/vehement"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">vehement</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="early 15c., from Old French vehement, veement "impetuous, ardent" (12c.), from Latin vehementem (nominative vehemens) "impetuous, eager, violent, furious, ardent, carried away," perhaps [Barnhart] from a lost present middle participle of vehere "to carry" (from PIE root *wegh- "t" class="block" href="/word/vehement"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of vehement">early 15c., from Old French vehement, veement "impetuous, ardent" (12c.), from Latin vehementem (nominative vehemens) "impetuous, eager, violent, furious, ardent, carried away," perhaps [Barnhart] from a lost present middle participle of vehere "to carry" (from PIE root *wegh- "t</div></a></div></div></div><div><div class="w-full space-y-4 pb-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Share <em>pandemonium</em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex gap-4 items-center"><button class="text-lg bg-secondary font-bold text-battleship-gray/80 px-4 py-2 rounded-full transition-colors hover:text-primary hover:bg-gray-200">‘cite’</button><button class="text-2xl bg-secondary text-battleship-gray/80 cursor-pointer hover:text-[#1877f2] p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-gray-100" rel="nofollow"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 320 512" height="1em" width="1em" 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align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><ul class="list-none list-none grid grid-cols-1"><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/pancratium" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of pancratium" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">pancratium</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" 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earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). This should be taken as approximate, especially before about 1700, since a word may have been used in conversation for hundreds of years before it turns up in a manuscript that has had the good fortune to survive the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe basic sources of this work are Weekley's \"An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English,\" Klein's \"A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,\" \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (second edition), \"Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology,\" Holthausen's \"Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache,\" and Kipfer and Chapman's \"Dictionary of American Slang.\"A full list of print sources used in this compilation can be found \u003ca rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"/columns/post/sources\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince this dictionary went up, it has benefited from the suggestions of dozens of people I have never met, from around the world. Tremendous thanks and appreciation to all of you. \u003c/p\u003e\n "])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en-US\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"className\":\"debug-screens min-h-screen min-w-[320px] font-sans selection:bg-secondary dark:selection:bg-foreground/30 laptop:font-serif desktop:font-serif\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"position\":\"top-center\",\"closeButton\":true,\"richColors\":true,\"expand\":true,\"style\":{\"marginTop\":\"4rem\"}}],[\"$\",\"$L1c\",null,{\"errorComponent\":\"$3\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1d\",null,{\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"messages\":{\"global\":{\"metaData\":{\"title\":\"Etymonline - Online Etymology Dictionary\"},\"header\":{\"forum\":\"Forum\",\"columns\":\"Columns\",\"apps\":\"Apps\",\"premium\":\"Premium\",\"profile\":\"Profile\",\"login\":\"Log in\",\"logout\":\"Log out\"},\"pagination\":{\"previous\":\"Previous\",\"next\":\"Next\"},\"search\":{\"search\":\"Search\",\"inputTitle\":\"Type a word to search\",\"hint\":\"Search \\\"{word}\\\"\",\"cancel\":\"Cancel\"},\"trending\":{\"title\":\"Trending\"},\"login\":{\"title\":\"Log in to Your Account\",\"continueWithGoogle\":\"Continue with Google\",\"continueWithApple\":\"Continue with Apple\",\"tooManyRequests\":\"Too many requests. 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words\"},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"https://www.et"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ymonline.com/word/pandemonium\",\"name\":\"pandemonium\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\"}]2c:T4c6,\u003cp\u003e1667, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ePandæmonium\u003c/span\u003e, in \"Paradise Lost\" the name of the palace built in the middle of Hell, \"the high capital of Satan and all his peers,\" and the abode of all the demons; coined by John Milton (1608-1674) from Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epan-\u003c/span\u003e \"all\" (see \u003ca href=\"/word/pan-\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of pan- \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003epan-\u003c/a\u003e) + Late Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaemonium\u003c/span\u003e \"evil spirit,\" from Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaimonion\u003c/span\u003e \"inferior divine power,\" from \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaim\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eō\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e \"lesser god\" (see \u003ca href=\"/word/demon\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of demon \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edemon\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransferred sense \"place of uproar and disorder\" is from 1779; that of \"wild, lawless confusion\" is from 1865. Related: \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ePandemoniac\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epandemoniacal\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epandemonian\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epandemonic\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e2e:T9a5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003ec. 1200, \"an evil spirit, malignant supernatural being, an incubus, a devil,\" from Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaemon\u003c/span\u003e \"spirit,\" from Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaim\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eō\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e \"deity, divine power; lesser god; guiding spirit, tutelary deity\" (sometimes including souls of the dead); \"one's genius, lot, or fortune;\" from PIE \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*dai-mon-\u003c/span\u003e \"divider, provider\" (of fortunes or destinies), from root \u003ca href=\"/word/*da-\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *da- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e*da-\u003c/a\u003e \"to divide.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe malignant sense is because the Greek word was used (with \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaimonion\u003c/span\u003e) in Christian Greek translations and the Vulgate for \"god of the heathen, heathen idol\" and also for \"unclean spirit.\" Jewish authors earlier had employed the Greek word in this sense, using it to render \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eshedim\u003c/span\u003e \"lords, idols\" in the Septuagint, and Matthew viii.31 has \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaimones\u003c/span\u003e, translated as \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edeofol\u003c/span\u003e in Old English, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003efeend\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edeuil\u003c/span\u003e in Middle English. Another Old English word for this was \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ehellcniht\u003c/span\u003e, literally \"hell-knight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe usual ancient Greek sense, \"supernatural agent or intelligence lower than a god, ministering spirit\" is attested in English from 1560s and is sometimes written \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaemon\u003c/span\u003e or \u003ca href=\"/word/daimon\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of daimon \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edaimon\u003c/a\u003e for purposes of distinction. Meaning \"destructive or hideous person\" is from 1610s; as \"an evil agency personified\" (rum, etc.) from 1712.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemon of Socrates\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (late 14c. in English) was a \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaimonion\u003c/span\u003e, a \"divine principle or inward oracle.\" His accusers, and later the Church Fathers, however, represented this otherwise. The \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemon Star\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1895) is \u003ca href=\"/word/Algol\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of Algol \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eAlgol \u003c/a\u003e (q.v.) .\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T4ef,\u003cp\u003eword-forming element meaning \"all, every, whole, all-inclusive,\" from Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epan-\u003c/span\u003e, combining form of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epas\u003c/span\u003e (neuter \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epan\u003c/span\u003e, masculine and neuter genitive \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epantos\u003c/span\u003e) \"all,\" from PIE \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*pant-\u003c/span\u003e \"all\" (with derivatives found only in Greek and Tocharian).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommonly used as a prefix in Greek (before a labial \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epam-\u003c/span\u003e; before a guttural \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epag-\u003c/span\u003e), in modern times often with nationality names, the first example of which seems to have been \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePanslavism\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1846). Also \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epanislamic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1881), \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epan-American\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1889), \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epan-German\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1892), \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epan-African\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1900), \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epan-European\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1901), \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epan-Arabism\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (1930).\u003c/p\u003e30:Tfb4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*dā-\u003c/span\u003e, Proto-Indo-European root meaning \"to divide.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt might form all or part of: \u003ca href=\"/word/betide\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of betide \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ebetide\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/daimon\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of daimon \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edaimon\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/Damocles\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of Damocles \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eDamocles\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/deal#etymonline_v_46749\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of deal \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edeal\u003c/a\u003e (v.); \u003ca href=\"/word/deal#etymonline_v_813\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of deal \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edeal\u003c/a\u003e (n.1) \"part, portion;\" \u003ca href=\"/word/demagogue\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of demagogue \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edemagogue\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/demiurge\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of demiurge \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edemiurge\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/democracy\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of democracy \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edemocracy\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/demography\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of demography \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edemography\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/demon\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of demon \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edemon\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/demotic\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of demotic \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edemotic\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/dole\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of dole \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003edole\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/endemic\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of endemic \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eendemic\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/epidemic\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of epidemic \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eepidemic\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/eudaemonic\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of eudaemonic \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eeudaemonic\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/geodesic\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of geodesic \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003egeodesic\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/geodesy\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of geodesy \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003egeodesy\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/ordeal\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of ordeal \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eordeal\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/pandemic\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of pandemic \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003epandemic\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/pandemonium\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of pandemonium \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003epandemonium\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/tidal\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of tidal \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003etidal\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/tide#etymonline_v_13311\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of tide \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003etide\u003c/a\u003e (n.) \"rise and fall of the sea;\" \u003ca href=\"/word/tidings\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of tidings \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003etidings\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/tidy\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of tidy \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003etidy\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/time\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of time \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003etime\u003c/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"/word/zeitgeist\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of zeitgeist \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ezeitgeist\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt might also be the source of: Sanskrit \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edati\u003c/span\u003e \"cuts, divides;\" Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edēmos\u003c/span\u003e \"people, land,\" perhaps literally \"division of society,\" \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaiesthai\u003c/span\u003e \"to divide;\" Old Irish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edam\u003c/span\u003e \"troop, company;\" Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003etid\u003c/span\u003e \"point or portion of time,\" German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eZeit\u003c/span\u003e \"time.\"\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$29\"}}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] items-start\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"slot\":\"pc_wd_top\",\"className\":\"h-[90px] w-[728px]\",\"isMobile\":false,\"wrapperConfigs\":{\"base\":{\"type\":\"main\",\"closeType\":\"none\",\"labelType\":\"none\"},\"lg\":{\"type\":\"normal\",\"closeType\":\"remove\",\"labelType\":\"none\"}}}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4 space-y-12 mobile:space-y-8 w-full\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-2xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Origin and history of \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"pandemonium\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-white mobile:bg-transparent dark:bg-secondary dark:mobile:bg-transparent rounded-lg lg:shadow-sm pl-6 pr-6 pt-2 pb-6 mobile:p-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"vocabularies\":[{\"doc_id\":\"1aa057313c28fa4a40c5bc084b11d276_ev\",\"domain_id\":3062,\"word\":\"pandemonium\",\"toxicity\":9,\"type\":0,\"thumbnail\":false,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2c\",\"etymology_plain\":\"1667, Pandæmonium, in \\\"Paradise Lost\\\" the name of the palace built in the middle of Hell, \\\"the high capital of Satan and all his peers,\\\" and the abode of all the demons; coined by John Milton (1608-1674) from Greek pan- \\\"all\\\" (see pan-) + Late Latin daemonium \\\"evil spirit,\\\" from Greek daimonion \\\"inferior divine power,\\\" from daimōn \\\"lesser god\\\" (see demon). Transferred sense \\\"place of uproar and disorder\\\" is from 1779; that of \\\"wild, lawless confusion\\\" is from 1865. Related: Pandemoniac; pandemoniacal; pandemonian; pandemonic.\",\"first_recorded\":\"1667\",\"content_length\":531,\"modify_time\":1577598003000}],\"showLabel\":false,\"isMobile\":false,\"insertAds\":true,\"showTranslate\":true}]}]]}],false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Entries linking to \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"pandemonium\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider 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14c., \\\"gaping void; empty, immeasurable space,\\\" from Old French chaos (14c.) or directly from Latin chaos, from Greek khaos \\\"abyss, that which gapes wide open, that which is vast and empty\\\" (from *khnwos, from PIE root *ghieh- \\\"to yawn, gape, be wide open\\\"). The meaning \\\"utt\"},{\"key\":\"syn_ant\",\"word\":\"bedlam\",\"desc\":\"\\\"scene of mad confusion,\\\" 1660s, from colloquial pronunciation of Bethlehem, short for \\\"Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem\\\" in London, which was founded 1247 as a priory, mentioned as a hospital by 1330 and as a lunatic hospital by 1402. It was converted to a civic lunatic asylu\"},{\"key\":\"other_relation\",\"word\":\"beldam\",\"desc\":\"also beldame, \\\"aged woman,\\\" 1570s; earlier \\\"grandmother\\\" (mid-15c.), from dame (q.v.) in the sense of \\\"mother\\\" + bel-, Middle English prefix expressing relationship (as in belfader, belsire \\\"grandfather\\\"), from Old French bel, belle \\\"beautiful, fair, fine\\\" (see belle). This \\\"dire\"},{\"key\":\"other_relation\",\"word\":\"blamed\",\"desc\":\"\\\"confoundedly\\\" 1833, later also as an adjective (1840), from past participle of blame (v.), as a \\\"euphemistic evasion of the horrible word damn.\\\" [Bartlett, \\\"Dictionary of Americanisms,\\\" 1848]. This adjective 'blamed' is the virtuous oath by which simple people, who are improvin\"},{\"key\":\"other_relation\",\"word\":\"confusion\",\"desc\":\"c. 1300, confusioun, \\\"overthrow, ruin,\\\" from Old French confusion \\\"disorder, confusion, shame\\\" (11c.) and directly from Latin confusionem (nominative confusio) \\\"a mingling, mixing, blending; confusion, disorder,\\\" noun of action from past-participle stem of confundere \\\"to pour tog\"},{\"key\":\"complete\",\"word\":\"profound\",\"desc\":\"c. 1300, \\\"characterized by intellectual depth, very learned,\\\" from Old French profont, profund (12c., Modern French profond) and directly from Latin profundus \\\"deep, bottomless, vast,\\\" also \\\"obscure; profound; immoderate,\\\" from pro \\\"forth\\\" (from PIE root *per- (1) \\\"forward\\\") + fu\"},{\"key\":\"complete\",\"word\":\"cross\",\"desc\":\"Old English cros \\\"instrument of Christ's crucifixion; symbol of Christianity\\\" (mid-10c.), probably from Old Norse or 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