CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9084ce2e-48de-4a42-aeff-8c0f92e9a6be","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mamoré–Guaporé_linguistic_area","wgTitle":"Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area","wgCurRevisionId":1147949553,"wgRevisionId":1147949553,"wgArticleId":68211320,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area","Sprachbund"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mamoré–Guaporé_linguistic_area","wgRelevantArticleId":68211320,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q97276013","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/1200px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1353"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/800px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="902"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/640px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="722"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mamoré–Guaporé_linguistic_area rootpage-Mamoré–Guaporé_linguistic_area skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9+linguistic+area" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9+linguistic+area" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9+linguistic+area" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9+linguistic+area" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistic_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Linguistic features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction_of_Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction_of_Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reconstruction of Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction_of_Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_arawak_Paran%C3%A1-Mamor%C3%A9" title="Llengües arawak Paraná-Mamoré – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües arawak Paraná-Mamoré" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_arawak_Paran%C3%A1-Mamor%C3%A9" title="Lenguas arawak Paraná-Mamoré – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas arawak Paraná-Mamoré" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_mamor%C3%A9-guapor%C3%A9" title="Línguas mamoré-guaporé – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas mamoré-guaporé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q97276013#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&oldid=1147949553" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&id=1147949553&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMamor%25C3%25A9%25E2%2580%2593Guapor%25C3%25A9_linguistic_area"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMamor%25C3%25A9%25E2%2580%2593Guapor%25C3%25A9_linguistic_area"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q97276013" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Linguistic area of South America</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/220px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/330px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png/440px-Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>Map of the locations of the indigenous settlements of Bolivia</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic area">linguistic area</a> that includes over a dozen South American language families and isolates of the <a href="/wiki/Mamor%C3%A9_River" title="Mamoré River">Mamoré</a>–<a href="/wiki/Guapor%C3%A9_River" title="Guaporé River">Guaporé</a> region of eastern lowland <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Llanos_de_Moxos" title="Llanos de Moxos">Llanos de Moxos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiquitania" title="Chiquitania">Chiquitania</a> regions) and Brazil (<a href="/wiki/Rondonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rondonia">Rondonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a> states).<sup id="cite_ref-Voort-2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voort-2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crevels and van der Voort (2008) propose a <a href="/wiki/Mamor%C3%A9_River" title="Mamoré River">Mamoré</a>–<a href="/wiki/Guapor%C3%A9_River" title="Guaporé River">Guaporé</a> linguistic area in eastern lowland Bolivia (in <a href="/wiki/Beni_Department" title="Beni Department">Beni Department</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Department_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)">Santa Cruz Department</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Rondonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rondonia">Rondonia</a> and northwestern <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a>, Brazil. In <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Languages of Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, many of the languages were historically spoken at the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos" title="Jesuit Missions of Moxos">Jesuit Missions of Moxos</a> and also the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" title="Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos">Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos</a>. Language families and branches in the linguistic area are as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-Crevels-Voort-2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crevels-Voort-2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapacuran_languages" title="Chapacuran languages">Chapacuran languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacanan_languages" title="Tacanan languages">Tacanan languages</a></li> <li>a few <a href="/wiki/Panoan_languages" title="Panoan languages">Panoan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambikwaran_languages" title="Nambikwaran languages">Nambikwaran languages</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan languages</a> <a href="/wiki/Moxo_languages" title="Moxo languages">Moxo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baur%C3%A9_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauré language">Bauré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paunaka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paunaka language">Paunaka</a>, and other related varieties</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian</a> branches in the Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramarama_languages" title="Ramarama languages">Ramarama languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purubor%C3%A1_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puruborá language">Puruborá language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mond%C3%A9_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondé languages">Mondé languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupari_languages" title="Tupari languages">Tupari languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikem_languages" title="Arikem languages">Arikem languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarayo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarayo languages">Guarayo languages</a> (Tupi–Guarani group)</li> <li>some <a href="/wiki/Guarani_dialects" title="Guarani dialects">Guarani dialects</a> (Tupi–Guarani group)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Macro-J%C3%AA_languages" title="Macro-Jê languages">Macro-Jê</a> branches in the Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabutian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabutian languages">Jabutian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikbakts%C3%A1_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rikbaktsá language">Rikbaktsá language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_language" title="Chiquitano language">Chiquitano</a> (sister branch of <a href="/wiki/Macro-J%C3%AA_languages" title="Macro-Jê languages">Macro-Jê</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Language_isolates" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates">Language isolates</a> in the linguistic area are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuvava_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayuvava language">Cayuvava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itonama_language" title="Itonama language">Itonama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movima_language" title="Movima language">Movima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimane_language" title="Chimane language">Chimane</a>/Mosetén</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canichana_language" title="Canichana language">Canichana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9_language" title="Yuracaré language">Yuracaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leco_language" title="Leco language">Leco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mure_language" title="Mure language">Mure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3_language" title="Aikanã language">Aikanã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kano%C3%AA_language" title="Kanoê language">Kanoê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaza_language" title="Kwaza language">Kwazá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irantxe_language" title="Irantxe language">Irantxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_Ar%C3%A1ra_language" title="Mato Grosso Arára language">Arara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linguistic_features">Linguistic features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Linguistic features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areal features include:<sup id="cite_ref-Crevels-Voort-2008_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crevels-Voort-2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>a high incidence of prefixes</li> <li>evidentials</li> <li>directionals</li> <li>verbal number</li> <li>lack of nominal number</li> <li>lack of classifiers</li> <li>inclusive/exclusive distinction</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Muysken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter Muysken (page does not exist)">Pieter Muysken</a> et al. (2014) also performed a detailed statistical analysis of the Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction_of_Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé"><span id="Reconstruction_of_Proto-Mamor.C3.A9-Guapor.C3.A9"></span>Reconstruction of Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reconstruction of Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reconstruction of Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé language according to Jolkesky 2016:<sup id="cite_ref-PMGU_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMGU-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Gloss</th> <th>Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé</th> <th>Ignaciano</th> <th>Trinitário</th> <th>Paunáka</th> <th>Paikonéka</th> <th>Bauré </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.</td> <td>abóbora</td> <td>*mokuβɨ-re</td> <td>makure</td> <td>mkure</td> <td>*mukubɨre</td> <td>*mokoβire</td> <td>mokovis </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td>água</td> <td>*ɨne</td> <td>une</td> <td>une</td> <td>ɨne</td> <td>ina</td> <td>*ine </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.</td> <td>algodão</td> <td>*kɔhɔ-re</td> <td>kaha-re</td> <td>kho-re</td> <td>kuhu-e</td> <td>kohoβu-re</td> <td>kahawo-r </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amendoim" class="mw-redirect" title="Amendoim">amendoim</a></td> <td>*kɨrike-re</td> <td>kurike-re</td> <td>kriç-re</td> <td>kɨike</td> <td>-</td> <td>*kirike-re </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.</td> <td>animal doméstico</td> <td>*pero</td> <td>-pera</td> <td>-pero</td> <td>peu</td> <td>-</td> <td>-per </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.</td> <td>anta</td> <td>*samo</td> <td>sama</td> <td>samo</td> <td>samu</td> <td>i-somo</td> <td>som </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.</td> <td>arco-íris</td> <td>*ɔ</td> <td>a-{ʔe}</td> <td>o-{ʔe}</td> <td>u-{e}</td> <td>-</td> <td>{ni}-aʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.</td> <td>arraia</td> <td>*ihino</td> <td>ihina</td> <td>hino-mo</td> <td>ihinu</td> <td>ihino</td> <td>*sinu-mpe </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.</td> <td>árvore</td> <td>*βoku</td> <td>-</td> <td>βku-çi</td> <td>-</td> <td>{ape}-oko</td> <td>-wok(o) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.</td> <td>asa</td> <td>*-poβo</td> <td>-paβa</td> <td>-poβo</td> <td>*-pubu</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-powo </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.</td> <td>assar</td> <td>*-himo-</td> <td>-a-hima-ka-</td> <td>-o-hmo-ko-</td> <td>-himu-k-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-himo- ‘queimar’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.</td> <td>avó</td> <td>*-oʦe</td> <td>-aʦe</td> <td>-oʦe</td> <td>-use</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-ose </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.</td> <td>avô</td> <td>*-ɔʧɨko</td> <td>-aʧuka</td> <td>-oʧko</td> <td>*-uʧiku</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-aʃiko </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.</td> <td>bêbado</td> <td>*-kɔβɨ-</td> <td>-kaβa-ʔa-</td> <td>-koβo-o-</td> <td>-kubɨ-u-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-kavi- </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.</td> <td>beber, tomar</td> <td>*-er-o-</td> <td>-er-a-</td> <td>-er-o-</td> <td>-e-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-er(o)- </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beija-flor" class="mw-redirect" title="Beija-flor">beija-flor</a></td> <td>*piʦe</td> <td>pitse</td> <td>pitse</td> <td>pise ‘pássaro’</td> <td>pite</td> <td>*pite </td></tr> <tr> <td>17.</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicho-de-p%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicho-de-pé (page does not exist)">bicho-de-pé</a></td> <td>*kitu-re</td> <td>situ-re</td> <td>stu-re</td> <td>kitu-e</td> <td>*sito-ri</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>18.</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicho-pregui%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicho-preguiça (page does not exist)">bicho-preguiça</a></td> <td>*puʔe</td> <td>puʔe</td> <td>puʔe</td> <td>pue</td> <td>-</td> <td>poʔe </td></tr> <tr> <td>19.</td> <td>boca</td> <td>*-nukɨ</td> <td>-nuku ‘bocado’</td> <td>{hii}-nuku ‘bigode’</td> <td>*-nukɨ</td> <td>-</td> <td>-noki </td></tr> <tr> <td>20.</td> <td>brasas</td> <td>*e-moni-ki</td> <td>e-mani-ki</td> <td>-moni</td> <td>e-muni-ki</td> <td>-</td> <td>*e-moni-si </td></tr> <tr> <td>21.</td> <td>cana</td> <td>*kute-nɔ</td> <td>akute-na</td> <td>ʔkute-no</td> <td>-</td> <td>kote-na-se</td> <td>kote-n </td></tr> <tr> <td>22.</td> <td>cantar</td> <td>*-akɔ-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-aku-suni</td> <td>-aka-</td> <td>-ak- </td></tr> <tr> <td>23.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capivara" class="mw-redirect" title="Capivara">capivara </a></td> <td>*uʧɨ</td> <td>uʧu</td> <td>uʧu</td> <td>*uʧɨ</td> <td>*aʔ-oʧi</td> <td>oʃ(i) </td></tr> <tr> <td>24.</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Car%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carão (page does not exist)">carão</a></td> <td>*koʧu-re</td> <td>kaʧu-re</td> <td>kʧu-re</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>koʃo-r </td></tr> <tr> <td>25.</td> <td>carne</td> <td>*-eʧe</td> <td>-eʧe</td> <td>-eʧe</td> <td>-eʧe</td> <td>-</td> <td>-eʃ </td></tr> <tr> <td>26.</td> <td>casa</td> <td>*pe-nɔ</td> <td>-pe-na (dep)</td> <td>-pe-no (dep)</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-pe-n ‘toca’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>27.</td> <td>céu</td> <td>*anɨ</td> <td>anu-ma</td> <td>anu-mo</td> <td>anɨ-mu</td> <td>ani</td> <td>ani </td></tr> <tr> <td>28.</td> <td>chifre</td> <td>*-hiʔɨ</td> <td>-hiʔu</td> <td>-hiʔu</td> <td>*-hiɨ</td> <td>-hi</td> <td>-hiʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>29.</td> <td>chorar</td> <td>*-ijɔ-</td> <td>-ija-ʔ-a</td> <td>-ijo-ʔ-o</td> <td>-ju-</td> <td>-ʧo-</td> <td>-ja- </td></tr> <tr> <td>30.</td> <td>comer</td> <td>*-ni-ko-</td> <td>-ni-ka-</td> <td>-ni-ko-</td> <td>-ni-k-</td> <td>-ni-ko-</td> <td>-ni-(k)- </td></tr> <tr> <td>31.</td> <td>cortar</td> <td>*-ʧu-ko-</td> <td>-e-ʧuka-</td> <td>-ʧukoʔo-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>a-ʃok- </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cupim (page does not exist)">cupim</a></td> <td>*moto-rɨ</td> <td>mata-ru</td> <td>mto-ru</td> <td>-</td> <td>moto-ri-pa ‘<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupinzeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cupinzeiro (page does not exist)">cupinzeiro</a>’</td> <td>moto-ri </td></tr> <tr> <td>33.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cutia" title="Cutia">cutia</a></td> <td>*peri</td> <td>peʔi</td> <td>peʔi</td> <td>pei</td> <td>peri</td> <td>peri </td></tr> <tr> <td>34.</td> <td>dedo</td> <td>*-βoʔɨ-ki</td> <td>-βau-ki</td> <td>-βu-çi</td> <td>-buɨ</td> <td>*-βoʔi-ne-si</td> <td>*-woʔi-si </td></tr> <tr> <td>35.</td> <td>defecar</td> <td>*-sɔ-</td> <td>-sa-ka-</td> <td>-so-ko-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-sa-(p)- </td></tr> <tr> <td>36.</td> <td>doente</td> <td>*-huma</td> <td>-ka-huma</td> <td>-ko-hma</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-hom </td></tr> <tr> <td>37.</td> <td>doer</td> <td>*-koti</td> <td>-kati</td> <td>-koti(-ʧo)</td> <td>-kuti ‘doente’</td> <td>-koti ‘doente’</td> <td>-koti-c- </td></tr> <tr> <td>38.</td> <td>dois</td> <td>*api-</td> <td>api-</td> <td>api-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>api-n </td></tr> <tr> <td>39.</td> <td>dormir</td> <td>*-imo-ko-</td> <td>-ima-ka-</td> <td>im-ko-</td> <td>-imu-k-</td> <td>-mo-k-o-</td> <td>-imo-k- </td></tr> <tr> <td>40.</td> <td>enguia</td> <td>*iti-re</td> <td>iti-re</td> <td>ʔti-re-pi</td> <td>iti-e</td> <td>oti-ra</td> <td>*iti-re </td></tr> <tr> <td>41.</td> <td>entrar</td> <td>*-kiɔpo-</td> <td>-siapa-</td> <td>-siop-</td> <td>bɨ-kupu-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-siap- </td></tr> <tr> <td>42.</td> <td>esposa</td> <td>*-jeno</td> <td>-jena</td> <td>-jeno</td> <td>-jenu</td> <td>-</td> <td>-jeno </td></tr> <tr> <td>43.</td> <td>espremer</td> <td>*kopiti-ko-</td> <td>-kapiti-ka-</td> <td>-kopʧa-ko-</td> <td>kupiti-k-</td> <td>-</td> <td>kopiti-e-k- </td></tr> <tr> <td>44.</td> <td>esquerda</td> <td>*-sɔpa</td> <td>-sapa</td> <td>-sopa</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-sap </td></tr> <tr> <td>45.</td> <td>folha</td> <td>*-po-</td> <td>-pa-ka-hi</td> <td>-po-ko-hi</td> <td>-pu-ne</td> <td>-</td> <td>-po-n </td></tr> <tr> <td>46.</td> <td>formiga</td> <td>*koʦi-rɨ</td> <td>kaʧi-ru</td> <td>kʧi-ru</td> <td>kusi-u</td> <td>koʧi-ri</td> <td>koʃi-ri </td></tr> <tr> <td>47.</td> <td>fritar</td> <td>*-surɨ-</td> <td>-suru-ka-</td> <td>-suu-ko-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-sori- </td></tr> <tr> <td>48.</td> <td>fruta</td> <td>*-ʔi</td> <td>-ʔi</td> <td>-ʔi</td> <td>-i</td> <td>-ʔi</td> <td>*-ʔi </td></tr> <tr> <td>49.</td> <td>galho</td> <td>*-aβo</td> <td>-t-aβa</td> <td>-t-aβo(-hi)</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-awo </td></tr> <tr> <td>50.</td> <td>genro</td> <td>*-ʧina</td> <td>-ʧina</td> <td>-ʧina</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>ʃinaʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>51.</td> <td>grande</td> <td>*ʧo</td> <td>i-ʧa-pe</td> <td>ʔ-ʧo-pe</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>ʧo </td></tr> <tr> <td>52.</td> <td>grilo</td> <td>*βiʦi</td> <td>βiʧi</td> <td>βiʧi</td> <td>bisi</td> <td>βiʧi</td> <td>viʃi </td></tr> <tr> <td>53.</td> <td>homem</td> <td>*hirɔ</td> <td>a-haira</td> <td>ʔ-hiro</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>hir(a) </td></tr> <tr> <td>54.</td> <td>ir</td> <td>*-jono-</td> <td>-jana-</td> <td>-jono-</td> <td>-jun-</td> <td>-ʧono-</td> <td>-jon(o)- </td></tr> <tr> <td>55.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caiman" title="Caiman">jacaré</a></td> <td>*kɔhiɨ-re</td> <td>kahiu-re</td> <td>khʸu-re</td> <td>kuhibu-e</td> <td>*kohi-re</td> <td>kahi-re </td></tr> <tr> <td>56.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black-fronted_piping_guan" title="Black-fronted piping guan">jacutinga</a></td> <td>*huβi</td> <td>huβi</td> <td>huβi</td> <td>*e-hubi</td> <td>-</td> <td>hovi-r(e) </td></tr> <tr> <td>57.</td> <td>lago</td> <td>*kɔkiɨ</td> <td>kakiu-re</td> <td>koçu-re</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>aki </td></tr> <tr> <td>58.</td> <td>lavar</td> <td>*-kipɔ-</td> <td>-sipa-ka-</td> <td>-sip-ko-</td> <td>kipu-ch-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-sipa </td></tr> <tr> <td>59.</td> <td>levar</td> <td>*-ɔmo-</td> <td>-ama-</td> <td>-omo-</td> <td>-um-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-amo- </td></tr> <tr> <td>60.</td> <td>língua</td> <td>*-nene</td> <td>-nene</td> <td>-nene</td> <td>-pe-nene</td> <td>i-pe-ne</td> <td>-pe-nene </td></tr> <tr> <td>61.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lobo-guar%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobo-guará">lobo-guará</a></td> <td>*okɔrɔ</td> <td>akara-ma</td> <td>okro-mo</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>okara-nan </td></tr> <tr> <td>62.</td> <td>lua</td> <td>*kohe</td> <td>kahe</td> <td>kohe</td> <td>kuhe</td> <td>kehe-re</td> <td>kihe-r </td></tr> <tr> <td>63.</td> <td>luz, iluminar</td> <td>*-mika-</td> <td>-mika-ʔu</td> <td>-mik-ʔu</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-mika- </td></tr> <tr> <td>64.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monkey" title="Monkey">macaco</a></td> <td>*ijo</td> <td>ija</td> <td>ijo</td> <td>iju</td> <td>iʧo-re</td> <td>ijo-re </td></tr> <tr> <td>65.</td> <td>madeira</td> <td>*jɔkɨ-ki</td> <td>juku-ki</td> <td>jku-çi</td> <td>jɨkɨ-ke</td> <td>ʧaki-se</td> <td>*jaki-se </td></tr> <tr> <td>66.</td> <td>maduro</td> <td>*-jɔ-</td> <td>-ja-ʔa-</td> <td>-jo-ʔo-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-ja-k- </td></tr> <tr> <td>67.</td> <td>mãe</td> <td>*-eno</td> <td>-ena</td> <td>-eno</td> <td>-enu</td> <td>*-eno</td> <td>-en(o) </td></tr> <tr> <td>68.</td> <td>mama, teta</td> <td>*-ʧeni</td> <td>-ʧene</td> <td>-ʧene</td> <td>-ʧene</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-ʃeni </td></tr> <tr> <td>69.</td> <td>mamar</td> <td>*(-ɔ)-hi-ko-</td> <td>-ahi-ka-</td> <td>-oh-ko-</td> <td>-uhi-k-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-hi-k- </td></tr> <tr> <td>70.</td> <td>mandioca</td> <td>*kɨha</td> <td>kuhu</td> <td>kuh-pa</td> <td>kɨha-pi</td> <td>-</td> <td>kaha-p </td></tr> <tr> <td>71.</td> <td>mão</td> <td>*-βoʔɨ</td> <td>-βaʔu</td> <td>-βoʔu ‘pulso’</td> <td>-buɨ</td> <td>*-βoʔi</td> <td>-wo- </td></tr> <tr> <td>72.</td> <td>medo</td> <td>*-piko-</td> <td>-pika-</td> <td>-piko-</td> <td>-i-pik-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-piko- </td></tr> <tr> <td>73.</td> <td>milho</td> <td>*moke</td> <td>a-maki</td> <td>ʔ-moçi</td> <td>a-muke</td> <td>o-mose</td> <td>mos </td></tr> <tr> <td>74.</td> <td>morcego</td> <td>*βite</td> <td>βite</td> <td>βite</td> <td>bite</td> <td>βite-re</td> <td>vite-r </td></tr> <tr> <td>75.</td> <td>morrer</td> <td>*-epeno-</td> <td>-epena-</td> <td>-epeno-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-epen(o-) </td></tr> <tr> <td>76.</td> <td>mosquito</td> <td>*aniʔɨ</td> <td>aniʔu</td> <td>*ʔniʔu</td> <td>anibɨ</td> <td>oni</td> <td>*aniʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>77.</td> <td>mulher</td> <td>*eʦeno</td> <td>esena</td> <td>ʔseno</td> <td>-senu</td> <td>*-iteno</td> <td>eteno </td></tr> <tr> <td>78.</td> <td>mutum</td> <td>*ukuʔi</td> <td>ukuʔi</td> <td>ʔkuʔi</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>wokoij </td></tr> <tr> <td>79.</td> <td>nariz</td> <td>*-siri</td> <td>-siri</td> <td>-siri</td> <td>-</td> <td>-sere-ki</td> <td>-siri-ki </td></tr> <tr> <td>80.</td> <td>ninho</td> <td>*-moko</td> <td>-maka-hi</td> <td>-moko-hi</td> <td>-muku-hi</td> <td>-</td> <td>ʃira-mok </td></tr> <tr> <td>81.</td> <td>noite</td> <td>*joti</td> <td>jati</td> <td>joti</td> <td>juti</td> <td>-</td> <td>*joti-ʔe </td></tr> <tr> <td>82.</td> <td>nuvem</td> <td>*ɨko</td> <td>uka-hi</td> <td>uko-hi</td> <td>ɨku ‘chuva’</td> <td>iko ‘chover’</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>83.</td> <td>olho</td> <td>*-βɨki</td> <td>-uki-{ʔa}</td> <td>-uç-{ʔa}</td> <td>-bɨke</td> <td>*-βiki-s(e)</td> <td>-iki-se </td></tr> <tr> <td>84.</td> <td>onça</td> <td>*iʧini</td> <td>iʧini</td> <td>ʔʧini</td> <td>isini</td> <td>iʧene</td> <td>iʃini </td></tr> <tr> <td>85.</td> <td>orelha</td> <td>*-ʧoka</td> <td>-ʧaka-pe</td> <td>-ʧoka</td> <td>-ʧuka</td> <td>-</td> <td>-ʧok </td></tr> <tr> <td>86.</td> <td>osso</td> <td>*-(n)ope</td> <td>ij-ape</td> <td>ʔj-ope-çi</td> <td>e-upe</td> <td>*e-nope</td> <td>*e-nope </td></tr> <tr> <td>87.</td> <td>ouvir</td> <td>*-samo-</td> <td>-sama-</td> <td>-samo-</td> <td>-samu-</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-samo- </td></tr> <tr> <td>88.</td> <td>pai</td> <td>*-ija</td> <td>-ija</td> <td>-ija</td> <td>-ia</td> <td>-</td> <td>iaʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>89.</td> <td>palmeira (<a href="/wiki/Bacuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacuri">bacuri</a>)</td> <td>*koʧi</td> <td>kaʧi</td> <td>koʧ-no</td> <td>-</td> <td>koʧi</td> <td>koʃ </td></tr> <tr> <td>90.</td> <td>pato</td> <td>*pohi</td> <td>u-pahi</td> <td>ʔ-pohi</td> <td>u-puhi</td> <td>i-pohi</td> <td>ʔ-pohi </td></tr> <tr> <td>91.</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pato_roncador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pato roncador (page does not exist)">pato roncador</a></td> <td>*βonono</td> <td>βanana</td> <td>βnono</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>wonon </td></tr> <tr> <td>92.</td> <td>peixe</td> <td>*himo</td> <td>hima</td> <td>himo</td> <td>himu</td> <td>ʔimo</td> <td>*himo </td></tr> <tr> <td>93.</td> <td>pele</td> <td>*-(ʧ)uma</td> <td>-uma-ma</td> <td>-um-mo</td> <td>-</td> <td>i-tioma</td> <td>*-ʧoma </td></tr> <tr> <td>94.</td> <td>pequeno</td> <td>*-ʧepi</td> <td>*-iʧepi-ʧu</td> <td>*-ʔ-ʧeʔ-ʧu</td> <td>-ʧepi-tɨ</td> <td>-</td> <td>-t-iʃepi </td></tr> <tr> <td>95.</td> <td>pescoço</td> <td>*-pike-(nɨ)</td> <td>-pike-nu</td> <td>-piçe-nu</td> <td>*-pike-nɨ</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-pihe </td></tr> <tr> <td>96.</td> <td>pessoa</td> <td>*oʧane</td> <td>aʧane</td> <td>ʔʧane</td> <td>uʧane</td> <td>oʧane ‘homem’</td> <td>*oʧane </td></tr> <tr> <td>97.</td> <td>pimenta</td> <td>*ʧeti</td> <td>i-ʧeti</td> <td>ʔ-ʧeti</td> <td>u-ʧeti</td> <td>*e-ʧeti</td> <td>*ʃeti </td></tr> <tr> <td>98.</td> <td>piolho</td> <td>*-ine</td> <td>-iɲe</td> <td>-iɲe</td> <td>-ine</td> <td>-</td> <td>*-ine </td></tr> <tr> <td>99.</td> <td>piranha</td> <td>*urɨmɔ</td> <td>uruma</td> <td>ʔrumo</td> <td>*ɨmu</td> <td>orimo</td> <td>orima </td></tr> <tr> <td>100.</td> <td>porco</td> <td>*ʦimo-rɨ</td> <td>tsimaru</td> <td>*ʦmoru</td> <td>-</td> <td>simori</td> <td>simori </td></tr> <tr> <td>101.</td> <td>pulmão</td> <td>*-haha</td> <td>-haha</td> <td>-haha</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-hah </td></tr> <tr> <td>102.</td> <td>queimado</td> <td>*-hɨ-</td> <td>-i-hu-</td> <td>-i-hu-</td> <td>i-hɨ-e-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-him(o)- </td></tr> <tr> <td>103.</td> <td>rabo</td> <td>*-ihi-ki</td> <td>-ihi-ki</td> <td>-ih-çi</td> <td>*-ihi</td> <td>-</td> <td>-ihi-s </td></tr> <tr> <td>104.</td> <td>raposa</td> <td>*ʧɨje</td> <td>ʧuje</td> <td>ʧuje</td> <td>-</td> <td>ʧiʔe</td> <td>ʃijeʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>105.</td> <td>rato</td> <td>*koʦo</td> <td>kaʦa</td> <td>koʦo</td> <td>kusu</td> <td>*koso</td> <td>kosio (<i>Língua muxojeóne</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>106.</td> <td>responder</td> <td>*-kopo-</td> <td>-hi-kapa-</td> <td>-hi-kpo-</td> <td>ha-kup-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-kopo-nia </td></tr> <tr> <td>107.</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roedor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roedor (page does not exist)">roedor</a></td> <td>*majuko</td> <td>majuka ‘<a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Preá">preá</a>’</td> <td>mjuko ‘<a href="/wiki/Coelho" title="Coelho">coelho</a>’</td> <td>-</td> <td>*maʧoko ‘<a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Preá">preá</a>’</td> <td>majak ‘<a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Preá">preá</a>’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>108.</td> <td>rosto</td> <td>*-mirɔ</td> <td>-mira</td> <td>-miro</td> <td>-miu-iɨke</td> <td>-{mi}miro</td> <td>-mira </td></tr> <tr> <td>109.</td> <td>saber</td> <td>*-ʧo-</td> <td>-eʧa-</td> <td>-eʧo- ‘lembrar’</td> <td>*-eʧu-na-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-ʧo- </td></tr> <tr> <td>110.</td> <td>sangue</td> <td>*-iti</td> <td>iti</td> <td>iti</td> <td>-iti</td> <td>-</td> <td>-iti </td></tr> <tr> <td>111.</td> <td>sobrinho/a</td> <td>*-ʧe-(hi)</td> <td>-ʧe-hi</td> <td>-ʧe-ra</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-ʃi-h </td></tr> <tr> <td>112.</td> <td>sogra</td> <td>*-mose</td> <td>-i-mase</td> <td>-i-mse</td> <td>-muse</td> <td>-</td> <td>-mos </td></tr> <tr> <td>113.</td> <td>sogro</td> <td>*-moʧɨuko</td> <td>-i-maʧuka</td> <td>-i-mʧuko</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-moʃok </td></tr> <tr> <td>114.</td> <td>tartaruga</td> <td>*kipɨ</td> <td>sipu</td> <td>sipu</td> <td>kipɨ</td> <td>sipi{-ra}</td> <td>{ko-}sip(o) </td></tr> <tr> <td>115.</td> <td>terminar</td> <td>*-ito-</td> <td>-ita-</td> <td>-ito-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-eto- </td></tr> <tr> <td>116.</td> <td>terra</td> <td>*moʦe</td> <td>mate-hi</td> <td>mote-hi</td> <td>mute-hi</td> <td>mose</td> <td>*mose </td></tr> <tr> <td>117.</td> <td>tia</td> <td>*-aka</td> <td>-aka ‘tia avó’</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-aka </td></tr> <tr> <td>118.</td> <td>tio</td> <td>*-kɨko</td> <td>-e-kuka</td> <td>-</td> <td>-kɨku</td> <td>-</td> <td>-kik </td></tr> <tr> <td>119.</td> <td>tomar banho</td> <td>*-koβo-</td> <td>-kaβa-</td> <td>-koβo-</td> <td>-kub-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-kowo-{jo-} </td></tr> <tr> <td>120.</td> <td>trazer</td> <td>*-ɔpɔ-</td> <td>-n-apa-na-</td> <td></td> <td>-upu-n-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-apa- </td></tr> <tr> <td>121.</td> <td>três</td> <td>*mopo-</td> <td>mapa-</td> <td>mopo-na</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>mpo-na </td></tr> <tr> <td>122.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urucum" class="mw-redirect" title="Urucum">urucum</a></td> <td>*nire</td> <td>i-nire</td> <td>ʔ-nire</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>nir </td></tr> <tr> <td>123.</td> <td>veado</td> <td>*kɔhɔβɔ</td> <td>kahaβa</td> <td>khoβo</td> <td>kusubu</td> <td>kohoβo</td> <td>kahaw </td></tr> <tr> <td>124.</td> <td>veado</td> <td>*mukɔ</td> <td>muka</td> <td>muko</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>moka </td></tr> <tr> <td>125.</td> <td>velho</td> <td>*-ʧɔ, *-ʧo</td> <td>i-ʧa-si</td> <td>ʔ-ʧo-si</td> <td>-ʧu-bui</td> <td>e-ʧo</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>126.</td> <td>veneno</td> <td>*mɔti</td> <td>-mati</td> <td>ʔ-moti</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>mati </td></tr> <tr> <td>127.</td> <td>ver</td> <td>*-imoʔɔ-</td> <td>-ima-ʔa-</td> <td>-im-ʔo-</td> <td>-mu-</td> <td>-ʔimo-ʔa-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>128.</td> <td>vespa</td> <td>*hane</td> <td>hane</td> <td>hane</td> <td>hane</td> <td>-</td> <td>hane </td></tr> <tr> <td>129.</td> <td>voar</td> <td>*-ɔro-</td> <td>-ara-</td> <td>-oro-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-aro- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas" title="Linguistic areas of the Americas">Linguistic areas of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_linguistic_area" title="Chaco linguistic area">Chaco linguistic area</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_de_Rond%C3%B4nia" class="extiw" title="pt:Línguas de Rondônia">Languages of Rondonia</a> (Portuguese Wikipedia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_South_America" title="Indigenous languages of South America">Indigenous languages of South America</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Crevels, M. & van der Voort, H. (2008). The Guaporé-Mamoré region as a linguistic area. In Muysken, P. (eds.), <i>From linguistic areas to areal linguistics</i>. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fslcs.90.04cre">10.1075/slcs.90.04cre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Muysken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter Muysken (page does not exist)">Muysken, Pieter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hammarstr%C3%B6m" title="Harald Hammarström">Hammarström, Harald</a>; Birchall, Joshua; Van Gijn, Rik; Krasnoukhova, Olga; Müller, Neele (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cl.lingfil.uu.se/~harald/hhpub/muyskenetal_guapore-mamore2014_s.pdf">Linguistic areas: bottom-up or top-down? The case of the Guaporé-Mamoré</a>. In: Comrie, Bernard; Golluscio, Lucia. <i>Language Contact and Documentation / Contacto lingüístico y documentación</i>. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 205-238.</li> <li>Maldi, Denise. 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etnolinguistica.org/biblio:maldi-1991">O Complexo Cultural do Marico: Sociedades Indígenas dos Rios Branco, Colorado e Mequens, Afluentes do Médio Guaporé</a>. <i>Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Antropologia</i>, vol. 7(2), p. 209-269.</li> <li>Meireles, Denise Maldi. 1989. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etnolinguistica.org/biblio:meireles-1989-guardiaes">Guardiães da fronteira: Rio Guaporé, século XVIII</a></i>. Petrópolis: Vozes. ISBN 85-326-0017-4.</li> <li>Meirelles, Denise Maldi & Meirelles, Apoena. 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etnolinguistica.org/biblio:meirelles-1984-tribos">Tribos extintas e migrações indígenas em Rondônia (Do século XVII até os primeiros decênios do século XX)</a>. <i>Anuário de Divulgação Científica</i>, v. 10, p. 134-45. Goiânia: Universidade Católica de Goiás.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Nimuendaj%C3%BA" title="Curt Nimuendajú">Nimuendajú, Curt</a>. 1925. As tribus do alto Madeira. <i>Journal de la Société des Américanistes</i>, 17: 137-172.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Ramirez" title="Henri Ramirez">Ramirez, Henri</a>. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etnolinguistica.org/artigo:ramirez-2006">As línguas indígenas do Alto Madeira: estatuto atual e bibliografia básica</a>. <i>Língua Viva</i>, vol. 1, n. 1.</li> <li>Ramirez, Henri. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etnolinguistica.org/biblio:ramirez-2010-etnonimos">Etnônimos e topônimos no Madeira (séculos XVI-XX): um sem-número de equívocos</a>. <i>Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica</i>, v. 2 n. 2, p. 179-224.</li> <li>Sampaio, W. & da Silva Sinha, V. (2011). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diacl.ht.lu.se/Source/Details/3102">Fieldwork data from languages in Rondônia</a></i>. Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics (DiACL).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cronhamn, Sandra (2013). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/3450607">The spread of cultural vocabulary in Rondônia</a></i>. B.A. honors thesis, Lund University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voort-2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voort-2008_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van der Voort, Hein (2008). <i>Interethnic contact in the Guaporé region and its linguistic consequences</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a>, 2008-06-03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crevels-Voort-2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crevels-Voort-2008_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crevels-Voort-2008_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrevelsvan_der_Voort2008" class="citation book cs1">Crevels, Mily; van der Voort, Hein (2008). "4. The Guaporé-Mamoré region as a linguistic area". <i>From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics</i>. Studies in Language Companion Series. Vol. 90. pp. 151–179. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fslcs.90.04cre">10.1075/slcs.90.04cre</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3100-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3100-0"><bdi>978-90-272-3100-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-7763">0165-7763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+The+Guapor%C3%A9-Mamor%C3%A9+region+as+a+linguistic+area&rft.btitle=From+Linguistic+Areas+to+Areal+Linguistics&rft.series=Studies+in+Language+Companion+Series&rft.pages=151-179&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0165-7763&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fslcs.90.04cre&rft.isbn=978-90-272-3100-0&rft.aulast=Crevels&rft.aufirst=Mily&rft.au=van+der+Voort%2C+Hein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9+linguistic+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muysken, Pieter; <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hammarstr%C3%B6m" title="Harald Hammarström">Hammarström, Harald</a>; Birchall, Joshua; Van Gijn, Rik; Krasnoukhova, Olga; Müller, Neele (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cl.lingfil.uu.se/~harald/hhpub/muyskenetal_guapore-mamore2014_s.pdf">Linguistic areas: bottom-up or top-down? The case of the Guaporé-Mamoré</a>. In: Comrie, Bernard; Golluscio, Lucia. <i>Language Contact and Documentation / Contacto lingüístico y documentación</i>. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 205-238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMGU-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PMGU_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jolkesky, Marcelo (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/liames/article/view/8646164">Uma reconstrução do proto-mamoré-guaporé (família arawák)</a>. <i>LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas</i>, 16(1), 7-37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.20396%2Fliames.v16i1.8646164">10.20396/liames.v16i1.8646164</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digihum.leidenuniv.nl/amazonianlanguages">Amazonian Languages of Rondônia and Bolivia</a> collection, Leiden University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwo.nl/en/projects/276-70-005">Language diversity of the Guaporé region</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_language_families_and_isolates_of_South_America_(based_on_Campbell_2012_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_American_languages" title="Template:South American languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_American_languages" title="Template talk:South American languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_American_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South American languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_language_families_and_isolates_of_South_America_(based_on_Campbell_2012_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous language families and isolates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_South_America" title="Indigenous languages of South America">South America</a> <br /><small>(based on <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas#Campbell_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas">Campbell 2012</a> classification)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language families <br />and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Je%E2%80%93Tupi%E2%80%93Carib_languages" title="Je–Tupi–Carib languages">Je–Tupi–Carib</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Macro-Jê" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macro-J%C3%AA_languages" title="Macro-Jê languages">Macro-Jê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%AA_languages" title="Jê languages">Jê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabutian_languages" title="Yabutian languages">Jabutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamak%C3%A3_languages" title="Kamakã languages">Kamakã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj%C3%A1_language" title="Karajá language">Karajá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krenak_languages" title="Krenak languages">Krenakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxakal%C3%ADan_languages" title="Maxakalían languages">Maxakalian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaik%C3%B3_language" title="Jaikó language">Jaikó</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ofay%C3%A9_language" title="Ofayé language">Ofayé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rikbaktsa_language" title="Rikbaktsa language">Rikbaktsá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_language" title="Chiquitano language">Chiquitano</a></i></li> <li>? <i><a href="/wiki/Guat%C3%B3_language" title="Guató language">Guató</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kariri_languages" title="Kariri languages">Karirian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purian_languages" title="Purian languages">Purían</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taruma_language" title="Taruma language">Taruma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamela_language" title="Gamela language">Gamela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baenan_language" title="Baenan language">Baenan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katembri_language" title="Katembri language">Katembri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nat%C3%BA_language" title="Natú language">Natú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pankarar%C3%BA_language" title="Pankararú language">Pankararú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarairi%C3%BA_language" title="Tarairiú language">Tarairiú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tux%C3%A1_language" title="Tuxá language">Tuxá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huamo%C3%A9_language" title="Huamoé language">Wamoé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xoc%C3%B3_language" title="Xocó language">Xokó</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xukuruan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Xukuruan languages">Xukurú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fulni%C3%B4_language" title="Fulniô language">Yaté</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oti_language" title="Oti language">Otí</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas#Orinoco–Amazon" title="Linguistic areas of the Americas">Orinoco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Venezuela" title="Languages of Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yanomaman_languages" title="Yanomaman languages">Yanomaman</a></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Arutani%E2%80%93Sape_languages" title="Arutani–Sape languages">Arutani–Sape</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arutani_language" title="Arutani language">Arutani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sap%C3%A9_language" title="Sapé language">Sapé</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maku_language_of_Auari" title="Maku language of Auari">Máku</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guamo_language" title="Guamo language">Guamo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otom%C3%A1koan_languages" title="Otomákoan languages">Otomacoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaruro_language" title="Yaruro language">Yaruro</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="?_Duho" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">? <a href="/wiki/Duho_languages" title="Duho languages">Duho</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1liban_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sáliban languages">Sáliban</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Betoi_language" title="Betoi language">Betoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hod%C3%AF_language" title="Hodï language">Hodï</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticuna%E2%80%93Yuri_languages" title="Ticuna–Yuri languages">Ticuna–Yuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andes (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Venezuela" title="Languages of Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cof%C3%A1n_language" title="Cofán language">Cofán</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cams%C3%A1_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Camsá language">Camsá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andaqui_language" title="Andaqui language">Andaquí</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paezan_languages" title="Paezan languages">Paezan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiniguan_languages" title="Tiniguan languages">Tiniguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timotean_languages" title="Timotean languages">Timotean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirajaran_languages" title="Jirajaran languages">Jirajaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japur%C3%A1_River" title="Japurá River">Japurá</a>–<a href="/wiki/Vaup%C3%A9s_River" title="Vaupés River">Vaupés</a> area)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tucanoan_languages" title="Tucanoan languages">Tucanoan</a></b></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Bora%E2%80%93Witoto_languages" title="Bora–Witoto languages">Bora–Witoto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boran_languages" title="Boran languages">Boran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witotoan_languages" title="Witotoan languages">Witotoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andoque%E2%80%93Urequena_languages" title="Andoque–Urequena languages">Andoque–Urequena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajiboan_languages" title="Guajiboan languages">Guajiboan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadahup_languages" title="Nadahup languages">Nadahup</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puinave_language" title="Puinave language">Puinave</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pacific coast (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a> and Ecuador)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chibchan_languages" title="Chibchan languages">Chibchan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choco_languages" title="Choco languages">Chocoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbacoan_languages" title="Barbacoan languages">Barbacoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yurumangu%C3%AD_language" title="Yurumanguí language">Yurumanguí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esmeralda_language" title="Esmeralda language">Esmeralda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pacific coast (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Peru" title="Languages of Peru">Peru</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sechura%E2%80%93Catacao_languages" title="Sechura–Catacao languages">Sechura–Catacao</a></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Chimuan_languages" title="Chimuan languages">Chimuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari%E2%80%93Puruh%C3%A1_languages" title="Cañari–Puruhá languages">Cañari–Puruhá</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mochica_language" title="Mochica language">Mochica</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Peru" title="Languages of Peru">Peru</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pano-Tacanan_languages" title="Pano-Tacanan languages">Pano–Tacanan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibito%E2%80%93Cholon_languages" title="Hibito–Cholon languages">Hibito–Cholon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuapanan_languages" title="Cahuapanan languages">Cahuapanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicham_languages" title="Chicham languages">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Candoshi-Shapra_language" title="Candoshi-Shapra language">Candoshi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omurano_language" title="Omurano language">Omurano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munichi_language" title="Munichi language">Munichi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waorani_language" title="Waorani language">Waorani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taushiro_language" title="Taushiro language">Taushiro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urarina_language" title="Urarina language">Urarina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tequiraca_language" title="Tequiraca language">Tequiraca</a></i></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Saparo%E2%80%93Yawan_languages" title="Saparo–Yawan languages">Saparo–Yawan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peba%E2%80%93Yaguan_languages" title="Peba–Yaguan languages">Peba–Yagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaparoan_languages" title="Zaparoan languages">Zaparoan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazon</a> (west-central Brazil)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>? <a href="/wiki/Har%C3%A1kmbut%E2%80%93Katukinan_languages" title="Harákmbut–Katukinan languages">Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arawan_languages" title="Arawan languages">Arawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%A1kmbut_language" title="Harákmbut language">Harákmbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katukinan_languages" title="Katukinan languages">Katukinan</a></li></ul></li> <li>? Mura–Matanawí <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mura_language" title="Mura language">Muran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matanawi_language" title="Matanawi language">Matanawí</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trumai_language" title="Trumai language">Trumai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mamoré–Guaporé</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapacuran_languages" title="Chapacuran languages">Chapacuran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mure_language" title="Mure language">Mure</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambikwaran_languages" title="Nambikwaran languages">Nambikwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bororoan_languages" title="Bororoan languages">Bororoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayubaba_language" title="Cayubaba language">Cayubaba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Itonama_language" title="Itonama language">Itonama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Movima_language" title="Movima language">Movima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canichana_language" title="Canichana language">Canichana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimane_language" title="Chimane language">Mosetenan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9_language" title="Yuracaré language">Yuracaré</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leco_language" title="Leco language">Leco</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3_language" title="Aikanã language">Aikanã</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kano%C3%AA_language" title="Kanoê language">Kanoê</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kwaza_language" title="Kwaza language">Kwazá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irantxe_language" title="Irantxe language">Irantxe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_Ar%C3%A1ra_language" title="Mato Grosso Arára language">Arara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andes (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Peru" title="Languages of Peru">Peru</a>, Bolivia, and Chile)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Culle_language" title="Culle language">Culle</a></i></li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Quechumaran_languages" title="Quechumaran languages">Quechumaran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymaran_languages" title="Aymaran languages">Aymaran</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puquina_language" title="Puquina language">Puquina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru%E2%80%93Chipaya_languages" title="Uru–Chipaya languages">Uru–Chipaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunza_language" title="Kunza language">Kunza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chaco_linguistic_area" title="Chaco linguistic area">Chaco</a>–Pampas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>? <a href="/wiki/Mataco%E2%80%93Guaicuru_languages" title="Mataco–Guaicuru languages">Mataco–Guaicuru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matacoan_languages" title="Matacoan languages">Matacoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaicuruan_languages" title="Guaicuruan languages">Guaicuruan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guachi_language" title="Guachi language">Guachí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Payagua_language" title="Payagua language">Payaguá</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascoian_languages" title="Mascoian languages">Mascoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamucoan_languages" title="Zamucoan languages">Zamucoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charruan_languages" title="Charruan languages">Charruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarpean_languages" title="Huarpean languages">Huarpean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lule%E2%80%93Vilela_languages" title="Lule–Vilela languages">Lule–Vilelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonan_languages" title="Chonan languages">Chonan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Far South (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Chile</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alacalufan_languages" title="Alacalufan languages">Qawasqaran</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yahgan_language" title="Yahgan language">Yaghan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chono_language" title="Chono language">Chono</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duho_languages" title="Duho languages">Duho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Andean_languages" title="Macro-Andean languages">Macro-Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Arawakan_languages" title="Macro-Arawakan languages">Macro-Arawakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Chibchan_languages" title="Macro-Chibchan languages">Macro-Chibchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Jibaro_languages" title="Macro-Jibaro languages">Macro-Jibaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Otom%C3%A1koan_languages" title="Macro-Otomákoan languages">Macro-Otomákoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Paesan_languages" title="Macro-Paesan languages">Macro-Paesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Panoan_languages" title="Macro-Panoan languages">Macro-Panoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Puinavean_languages" title="Macro-Puinavean languages">Macro-Puinavean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Warpean_languages" title="Macro-Warpean languages">Macro-Warpean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arutani%E2%80%93Sape_languages" title="Arutani–Sape languages">Arutani–Sape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora%E2%80%93Witoto_languages" title="Bora–Witoto languages">Bora–Witoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmeralda%E2%80%93Yaruroan_languages" title="Esmeralda–Yaruroan languages">Esmeralda–Yaruroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibito%E2%80%93Cholon_languages" title="Hibito–Cholon languages">Hibito–Cholon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Je%E2%80%93Tupi%E2%80%93Carib_languages" title="Je–Tupi–Carib languages">Je–Tupi–Carib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katembri%E2%80%93Taruma_languages" title="Katembri–Taruma languages">Katembri–Taruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataco%E2%80%93Guaicuru_languages" title="Mataco–Guaicuru languages">Mataco–Guaicuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya%E2%80%93Yunga%E2%80%93Chipayan_languages" title="Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages">Maya–Yunga–Chipayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moseten%E2%80%93Chonan_languages" title="Moseten–Chonan languages">Moseten–Chonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechumaran_languages" title="Quechumaran languages">Quechumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saparo%E2%80%93Yawan_languages" title="Saparo–Yawan languages">Saparo–Yawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequiraca%E2%80%93Canichana_languages" title="Tequiraca–Canichana languages">Tequiraca–Canichana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamo%E2%80%93Chapakura_languages" title="Wamo–Chapakura languages">Wamo–Chapakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerind_languages" title="Amerind languages">Amerind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas" title="Linguistic areas of the Americas">Linguistic areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_linguistic_area" title="Chaco linguistic area">Chaco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mamoré–Guaporé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Argentina" title="Languages of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Languages of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous languages of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ecuador" title="Languages of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Languages of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Peru" title="Languages of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Venezuela" title="Languages of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guyana" title="Languages of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_languages_of_South_America" title="List of indigenous languages of South America">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_languages_of_South_America" title="List of extinct languages of South America">Extinct languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinct_languages_of_the_Mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n_River_basin" title="Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin">Marañón River basin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unclassified_languages_of_South_America" title="List of unclassified languages of South America">Unclassified languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas#South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas" title="Linguistic areas of the Americas">Linguistic areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos" title="Template:Jesuit Missions of Moxos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos" title="Template talk:Jesuit Missions of Moxos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesuit Missions of Moxos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Missions_of_Moxos" title="Jesuit Missions of Moxos">Jesuit Missions of Moxos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loreto,_Beni" title="Loreto, Beni">Loreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad, Bolivia">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ignacio_de_Moxos" title="San Ignacio de Moxos">San Ignacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Javier,_Cercado" class="mw-redirect" title="San Javier, Cercado">San Javier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Borja,_Bolivia" title="San Borja, Bolivia">San Borja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reyes,_Bolivia" title="Reyes, Bolivia">Santos Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exaltaci%C3%B3n,_Mamore" class="mw-redirect" title="Exaltación, Mamore">Exaltación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaqu%C3%ADn,_Bolivia" title="San Joaquín, Bolivia">San Joaquín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_del_Yacuma" title="Santa Ana del Yacuma">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena,_Beni" title="Magdalena, Beni">Santa Magdalena</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_-_San_Ignacio_de_Moxos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Iglesia_-_San_Ignacio_de_Moxos.jpg/75px-Iglesia_-_San_Ignacio_de_Moxos.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Iglesia_-_San_Ignacio_de_Moxos.jpg/113px-Iglesia_-_San_Ignacio_de_Moxos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Iglesia_-_San_Ignacio_de_Moxos.jpg/150px-Iglesia_-_San_Ignacio_de_Moxos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moje%C3%B1os" title="Mojeños">Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baure_people" title="Baure people">Baure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canichana_people" title="Canichana people">Canichana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movima_people" title="Movima people">Movima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuvava_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayuvava people">Cayuvava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itonama_people" title="Itonama people">Itonama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiman%C3%A9" title="Tsimané">Tsimané</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moxo_languages" title="Moxo languages">Moxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baure_language" title="Baure language">Baure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canichana_language" title="Canichana language">Canichana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movima_language" title="Movima language">Movima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayubaba_language" title="Cayubaba language">Cayubaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itonama_language" title="Itonama language">Itonama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimane_language" title="Chimane language">Tsimané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reyesano_language" title="Reyesano language">Reyesano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chapacuran" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chapacuran_languages" title="Chapacuran languages">Chapacuran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itene_language" title="Itene language">Itene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapacura_language" title="Chapacura language">Chapacura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napeca_language" title="Napeca language">Napeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocorona_language" title="Rocorona language">Rocorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitemo_language" title="Quitemo language">Quitemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beni_savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Beni savanna">Beni savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Department" title="Beni Department">Beni Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" title="Template:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" title="Template talk:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" title="Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos">Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Jesuit_Missions_of_Chiquitos" title="List of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos">List</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Javier,_%C3%91uflo_de_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="San Javier, Ñuflo de Chávez">San Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_de_Velasco" title="San Rafael de Velasco">San Rafael de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Chiquitos" title="San José de Chiquitos">San José de Chiquitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Santa_Cruz" title="Concepción, Santa Cruz">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Velasco" title="San Miguel de Velasco">San Miguel de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_de_Velasco" title="Santa Ana de Velasco">Santa Ana de Velasco</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Ana_de_Velasco_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Santa_Ana_de_Velasco_002.JPG/150px-Santa_Ana_de_Velasco_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Santa_Ana_de_Velasco_002.JPG/225px-Santa_Ana_de_Velasco_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Santa_Ana_de_Velasco_002.JPG/300px-Santa_Ana_de_Velasco_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Ignacio_de_Velasco" title="San Ignacio de Velasco">San Ignacio de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chiquitos" title="Santiago de Chiquitos">Santiago de Chiquitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_Taperas" title="San Juan de Taperas">San Juan Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Coraz%C3%B3n" title="Santo Corazón">Santo Corazón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ignacio_de_Zamucos" title="San Ignacio de Zamucos">San Ignacio de Zamucos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Bolivia" title="List of cathedrals in Bolivia">Cathedrals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Cathedral,_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Concepción">Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ignatius_Cathedral,_San_Ignacio_de_Velasco" title="St. Ignatius Cathedral, San Ignacio de Velasco">St. Ignatius Cathedral, San Ignacio de Velasco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano" title="Chiquitano">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo" title="Ayoreo">Ayoreo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_language" title="Chiquitano language">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguele%C3%B1o_Chiquitano" title="Migueleño Chiquitano">Migueleño Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgotoqui_language" title="Gorgotoqui language">Gorgotoqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otuke_language" title="Otuke language">Otuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo_language" title="Ayoreo language">Ayoreo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitania" title="Chiquitania">Chiquitania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamoré–Guaporé_linguistic_area&oldid=1147949553">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamoré–Guaporé_linguistic_area&oldid=1147949553</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area" title="Category:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area">Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sprachbund" title="Category:Sprachbund">Sprachbund</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 April 2023, at 05:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h2npf","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.429","walltime":"0.525","ppvisitednodes":{"value":846,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":85532,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":620,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36949,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 349.755 1 -total"," 38.34% 134.104 7 Template:Navbox"," 32.39% 113.287 1 Template:South_American_languages"," 28.12% 98.345 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.75% 79.581 1 Template:Cite_book"," 20.56% 71.927 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.30% 46.522 2 Template:Doi"," 12.63% 44.181 2 Template:Pagetype"," 10.77% 37.652 2 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 4.34% 15.190 3 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.208","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4362248,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-cqsld","timestamp":"20241122184616","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mamor\u00e9\u2013Guapor\u00e9 linguistic area","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q97276013","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q97276013","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-07-11T16:38:33Z","dateModified":"2023-04-03T05:50:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c4\/Pueblos_originarios_de_Bolivia.png","headline":"group of languages"}</script> </body> </html>