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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi" class=""><span>Quyên góp</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Nguy%C3%AAn+%C3%A2m" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản" class=""><span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Nguy%C3%AAn+%C3%A2m" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Nguy%C3%AAn+%C3%A2m" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Nguy%C3%AAn+%C3%A2m" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Xem_thêm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xem_thêm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Xem thêm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xem_thêm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nguyên âm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 131 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinker" title="Klinker – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klinker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Đức (Thụy Sĩ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức (Thụy Sĩ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA" title="صائت – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صائت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal – Tiếng Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vocal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocalu" title="Vocalu – Tiếng Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vocalu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voy%C3%A8la" title="Voyèla – Tiếng Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Voyèla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal – Tiếng Asturias" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vocal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Asturias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Рагьараб – Tiếng Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Рагьараб" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sait" title="Sait – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sait" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="স্বরধ্বনি – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বরধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BA-im" title="Bú-im – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bú-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Галосныя – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галосныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Галосныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Галосныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="स्वर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्वर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patanog" title="Patanog – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Patanog" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="དབྱངས་ཡིག – Tiếng Tây Tạng" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱངས་ཡིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Tạng" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoglasnik" title="Samoglasnik – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Samoglasnik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogalenn" title="Vogalenn – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vogalenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гласен звук – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гласен звук" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vocal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A7%C4%83_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Уçă сасăсем – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уçă сасăсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samohl%C3%A1ska" title="Samohláska – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Samohláska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzvovera" title="Nzvovera – Tiếng Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nzvovera" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llafariad" title="Llafariad – Tiếng Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llafariad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_(sprog)" title="Vokal (sprog) – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vokal (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vok%C3%A1la" title="Vokála – Tiếng Sami Miền Bắc" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vokála" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sami Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4ish%C3%A4%C3%A4lik" title="Täishäälik – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Täishäälik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Φωνήεν – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωνήεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vowel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vocal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokalo" title="Vokalo – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vokalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal – Tiếng Extremadura" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vocal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Extremadura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokal" title="Bokal – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bokal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%87" title="واکه – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyelle" title="Voyelle – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voyelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaal" title="Fokaal – Tiếng Frisia" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fokaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuaimreag" title="Fuaimreag – Tiếng Gael Scotland" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fuaimreag" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gael Scotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogal" title="Vogal – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vogal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C" title="모음 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ձայնավորներ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայնավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3" title="स्वर वर्ण – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वर वर्ण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoglasnik" title="Samoglasnik – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Samoglasnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokalo" title="Vokalo – Tiếng Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vokalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai%C3%B1%C4%A1uraq" title="Taiñġuraq – Tiếng Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Taiñġuraq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rhlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Sérhljóð – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sérhljóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocale" title="Vocale – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vocale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_(%D7%94%D7%92%D7%94)" title="תנועה (הגה) – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועה (הגה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakatni" title="Kakatni – Tiếng Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kakatni" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხმოვანი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხმოვანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дауыстылар – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дауыстылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogalen" title="Bogalen – Tiếng Cornwall" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bogalen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cornwall" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Үндүү тыбыштар – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Үндүү тыбыштар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokali" title="Vokali – Tiếng Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vokali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisimba" title="Kisimba – Tiếng Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kisimba" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vway%C3%A8l" title="Vwayèl – Tiếng Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vwayèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengd%C3%AAr" title="Dengdêr – Tiếng Kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dengdêr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocalis" title="Vocalis – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vocalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patskanis" title="Patskanis – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Patskanis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsis" title="Balsis – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balsis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocale" title="Vocale – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vocale" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleenker" title="Kleenker – Tiếng Limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kleenker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleli" title="Moleli – Tiếng Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moleli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vocal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjatuza" title="Enjatuza – Tiếng Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Enjatuza" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vucal" title="Vucal – Tiếng Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vucal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%C3%A1nhangz%C3%B3" title="Magánhangzó – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magánhangzó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3" title="स्वर वर्ण – Tiếng Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्वर वर्ण" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Самогласка – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Самогласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanatsoratra" title="Zanatsoratra – Tiếng Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zanatsoratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="സ്വരാക്ഷരങ്ങൾ – Tiếng Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വരാക്ഷരങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="स्वर – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्वर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Эгшиг – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эгшиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B" title="သရ – Tiếng Miến Điện" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သရ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Miến Điện" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinker_(klank)" title="Klinker (klank) – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klinker (klank)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3" title="स्वरवर्ण – Tiếng Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्वरवर्ण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" title="母音 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="母音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9E%DF%8E%DF%AC%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%B2" title="ߟߊ߬ߞߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߟߊ߲ – Tiếng N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߟߊ߬ߞߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߟߊ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wokaal" title="Wokaal – Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wokaal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocala" title="Vocala – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vocala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unli_tovushlar" title="Unli tovushlar – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Unli tovushlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਵਰ – Tiếng Punjab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਵਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Punjab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%90%D9%84%D9%91%D8%AA" title="عِلّت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عِلّت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DA%96%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="غږيز توري – Tiếng Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غږيز توري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samog%C5%82oska" title="Samogłoska – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samogłoska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogal" title="Vogal – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vogal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal%C4%83" title="Vocală – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vocală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanllalli" title="Hanllalli – Tiếng Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hanllalli" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Гласные – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гласные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D" title="ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ – Tiếng Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%AA" title="حروف علت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حروف علت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hengak_bubu" title="Hengak bubu – Tiếng Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Hengak bubu" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanorja" title="Zanorja – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zanorja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocali" title="Vocali – Tiếng Sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vocali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්වරය – Tiếng Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්වරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vowel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8F%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="سُر آواز – Tiếng Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سُر آواز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samohl%C3%A1ska" title="Samohláska – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Samohláska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoglasnik" title="Samoglasnik – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Samoglasnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86" title="بزوێن – Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بزوێن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Самогласник – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Самогласник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoglasnik" title="Samoglasnik – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Samoglasnik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokaali" title="Vokaali – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vokaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vokal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ritn" title="Iɣritn – Tiếng Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iɣritn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patinig" title="Patinig – Tiếng Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patinig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரெழுத்து – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரெழுத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="สระ (สัทศาสตร์) – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สระ (สัทศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Садонокҳо – Tiếng Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садонокҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cnl%C3%BC_(dilbilim)" title="Ünlü (dilbilim) – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ünlü (dilbilim)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tsa%CC%B1ntsai" title="A̱tsa̱ntsai – Tiếng Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tsa̱ntsai" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Голосний звук – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голосний звук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="مصوت – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مصوت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%87%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8B%DB%87%D8%B4" title="سوزۇق تاۋۇش – Tiếng Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سوزۇق تاۋۇش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voca%C5%82e" title="Vocałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vocałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabahel%C3%BC" title="Vabahelü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vabahelü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyale" title="Voyale – Tiếng Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Voyale" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="元音" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiringgan" title="Tiringgan – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tiringgan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C" title="וואקאל – Tiếng Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואקאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音 – Tiếng Quảng Đông" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quảng Đông" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36244#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&oldid=71457047" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&id=71457047&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNguy%25C3%25AAn_%25C3%25A2m"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNguy%25C3%25AAn_%25C3%25A2m"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Nguy%C3%AAn+%C3%A2m"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vowels" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36244" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="box-Cần_biên_tập plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Bài viết hoặc đoạn này <b>cần người am hiểu về chủ đề này trợ giúp biên tập mở rộng hoặc cải thiện</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Bạn có thể giúp <a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=edit">cải thiện trang này</a> nếu có thể. Xem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo luận:Nguyên âm (trang không tồn tại)">trang thảo luận</a> để biết thêm chi tiết.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">tháng 5/2024</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69931828">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background:#f8f9fa;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background:#f2f2ce}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table .wraplinks .selflink{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow)[scope="col"]{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;max-width:4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-placearrow)[scope="row"]{text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable:not(.IPA-common-audiotable) td:not([colspan]){text-align:center;max-width:1.2em;min-width:1.2em;padding:0.1em 0.2em;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-audiotable td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-noleftborder{border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-norightborder{border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notopborder{border-top:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-nobottomborder{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-shaded{background-color:#ddd}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes{text-align:left;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div{float:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div ul{white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div ul li{word-spacing:-0.125em}</style> <table role="presentation" class="IPA-common-captioned floatright" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="IPA-common-caption" style=""><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">IPA</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nguyên âm</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69931896">.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio{background:#f8f9fa url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png")bottom 10%right 10%no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio{background:#f8f9fa url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/600px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png")bottom 10%right 10%no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main{table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-nocaption{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th{vertical-align:middle;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="col"]{text-align:center;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="row"]{text-align:right;padding-left:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio td{width:106.67px;min-width:106.67px;height:32px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio td{width:200px;min-width:200px;height:60px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-minorcaption{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container{display:flex;justify-content:center;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-dot{text-align:center;width:1em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-left{max-width:1em;min-width:1em;direction:rtl;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-left>span{padding-left:0.2em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-right{max-width:1em;min-width:1em;direction:ltr;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-right>span{padding-right:0.2em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-single{padding-left:0.2em;padding-right:0.2em;background:#f8f9fa}</style> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_h%C3%A0ng_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm hàng trước (trang không tồn tại)">Hàng trước</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_h%C3%A0ng_gi%E1%BB%AFa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm hàng giữa (trang không tồn tại)">Hàng giữa</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_h%C3%A0ng_sau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm hàng sau (trang không tồn tại)">Hàng sau</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm đóng (trang không tồn tại)">Đóng</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_kh%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_%C4%91%C3%B3ng" title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi trước đóng">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_%C4%91%C3%B3ng" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi trước đóng">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_gi%E1%BB%AFa_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi giữa đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_gi%E1%BB%AFa_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi giữa đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_kh%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_sau_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi sau đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_sau_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi sau đóng (trang không tồn tại)">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm gần đóng (trang không tồn tại)">Gần đóng</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_kh%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_g%E1%BA%A7n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi gần trước gần đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_g%E1%BA%A7n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi gần trước gần đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_n%E1%BB%ADa_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm nửa đóng (trang không tồn tại)">Nửa đóng</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_v%E1%BB%ABa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm vừa (trang không tồn tại)">Vừa</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-single" style="transform: translate(25px, 2px);"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid central vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ə</a></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_n%E1%BB%ADa_m%E1%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm nửa mở (trang không tồn tại)">Nửa mở</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_g%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm gần mở (trang không tồn tại)">Gần mở</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(80px, -2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(80px, -2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(80px, -2px);"></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-single" style="transform: translate(46px, -2px);"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open central vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɐ</a></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_m%E1%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm mở (trang không tồn tại)">Mở</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(57px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open central unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(57px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(57px, -4px);"></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA">Trợ giúp IPA</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_IPA_v%E1%BB%9Bi_%C3%A2m_thanh" title="Bảng nguyên âm IPA với âm thanh"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_IPA_v%E1%BB%9Bi_%C3%A2m_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bảng nguyên âm IPA với âm thanh (trang không tồn tại)">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">bảng đầy đủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_vowels" title="Bản mẫu:IPA vowels">bản mẫu</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Đi theo cặp trái phải: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%99_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Độ tròn môi (trang không tồn tại)">không tròn môi <span style="color: #000;">•</span> tròn môi</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref" style="width: 22em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA"><img alt="[]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist" style="vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;"><b>Bài viết này có chứa kí tự ngữ âm <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">IPA</a>.</b> Nếu không thích hợp <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Trợ giúp:IPA">hỗ trợ dựng hình</a>, bạn có thể sẽ nhìn thấy <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BD_t%E1%BB%B1_thay_th%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ký tự thay thế (trang không tồn tại)">dấu chấm hỏi, hộp, hoặc ký hiệu khác</a> thay vì kí tự <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>Trong <a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ngữ âm học">ngữ âm học</a>, <b>nguyên âm</b> hay <b>mẫu âm</b> là một <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BB%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tố (trang không tồn tại)">âm tố</a> trong <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Ngôn ngữ">ngôn ngữ</a> nói, như trong tiếng Việt <i>a</i> hay <i>e</i>, được phát âm với <a href="/wiki/Thanh_qu%E1%BA%A3n" title="Thanh quản">thanh quản</a> mở, do đó không có sự tích lũy áp suất không khí trên bất cứ điểm nào ở thanh môn. Đối lập với nguyên âm là <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m" title="Phụ âm">phụ âm</a>, như <i>t</i> <span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">[t]</span>, có vài vị trí bị thắt lại hoặc bị đóng trên thanh quản. Theo nghĩa <a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFt" title="Âm tiết">âm tiết</a>, một âm mở tương đương nhưng không phải là âm tiết được gọi là <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bán nguyên âm (trang không tồn tại)">bán nguyên âm</a>. Về mặt chữ viết, có 12 nguyên âm trong tiếng Việt là a, ă, â, e, ê, i, o, ô, ơ, u, ư, y. Về mặt ngữ âm, có 11 nguyên âm được ghi nhận trong tiếng Việt là <span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">/a, ɐ, ə, ɛ, e, i, ɔ, o, ɤ, u, ɯ/</span> (ký âm <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_phi%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Bảng mẫu tự phiên âm quốc tế">IPA</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xem_thêm"><span id="Xem_th.C3.AAm"></span>Xem thêm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Xem thêm”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Xem thêm"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m" title="Phụ âm">Phụ âm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_%C3%A2m_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c_gh%C3%A9p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Các âm được ghép (trang không tồn tại)">Các âm được ghép</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <ul><li><i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association</i>, 1999. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University (trang không tồn tại)">Cambridge University</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780521637510" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0</a></li> <li>Johnson, Keith, <i>Acoustic & Auditory Phonetics</i>, second edition, 2003. Blackwell <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9781405101233" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4051-0123-3</a></li> <li>Korhonen, Mikko. <i>Koltansaamen opas</i>, 1973. Castreanum <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9789514501890" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-951-45-0189-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a>, <i>A Course in Phonetics</i>, fifth edition, 2006. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9781413020793" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4130-2079-3</a></li> <li>Ladefoged, Peter, <i>Elements of Acoustic Phonetics</i>, 1995. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780226467641" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-226-46764-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:SOWL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bản mẫu:SOWL (trang không tồn tại)">Bản mẫu:SOWL</a></li> <li>Ladefoged, Peter, <i>Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages</i>, 2000. Blackwell <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780631214120" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-631-21412-0</a>.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLindau,_Mona.1978" class="citation journal cs1">Lindau, Mona. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jstor.org/stable/412786">“Vowel features”</a>. <i>Language</i>. <b>54</b> (3): 541–563. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F412786">10.2307/412786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language&rft.atitle=Vowel+features&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=541-563&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F412786&rft.au=Lindau%2C+Mona.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjstor.org%2Fstable%2F412786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ANguy%C3%AAn+%C3%A2m" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stevens, Kenneth N. (1998). <i>Acoustic phonetics</i>. Current studies in linguistics (No. 30). Cambridge, MA: MIT. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780262194044" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-262-19404-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFStevens,_Kenneth_N.2000" class="citation journal cs1">Stevens, Kenneth N. (2000). “Toward a model for lexical access based on acoustic landmarks and distinctive features”. <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</i>. <b>111</b> (4): 1872–1891. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.1458026">10.1121/1.1458026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12002871">12002871</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Toward+a+model+for+lexical+access+based+on+acoustic+landmarks+and+distinctive+features&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1872-1891&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1121%2F1.1458026&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12002871&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Kenneth+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ANguy%C3%AAn+%C3%A2m" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Watt, D. and Tillotson, J. (2001). A spectrographic analysis of vowel fronting in Bradford English. <i>English World-Wide</i> 22:2, 269–302. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.abdn.ac.uk/langling/resources/Watt-Tillotson2001.pdf">http://www.abdn.ac.uk/langling/resources/Watt-Tillotson2001.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225090433/http://www.abdn.ac.uk/langling/resources/Watt-Tillotson2001.pdf">Lưu trữ</a> 2009-02-25 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71936381"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70981351"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/60px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/80px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Tra <i><b><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vi:%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Search/nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m" class="extiw" title="wikt:vi:Đặc biệt:Search/nguyên âm">nguyên âm</a></b></i> trong từ điển mở tiếng Việt <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.hf.ntnu.no/ipa/full/ipachart_vowels_fbmp3.html">IPA chart</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403083403/http://www.ling.hf.ntnu.no/ipa/full/ipachart_vowels_fbmp3.html">Lưu trữ</a> 2009-04-03 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> with <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> sound files</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1/vowels.html">IPA vowel chart</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=AIFF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AIFF (trang không tồn tại)">AIFF</a> sound files</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/speechsciences/projects/vowelcharts/">Vowel charts for several different languages and dialects measuring F1 and F2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videoweb.nie.edu.sg/phonetic/vowels/measurements.html">Materials for measuring and plotting vowel formants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190903130542/http://videoweb.nie.edu.sg/phonetic/vowels/measurements.html">Lưu trữ</a> 2019-09-03 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/vowels/contents.html">Vowels and Consonants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050703083533/http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/vowels/contents.html">Lưu trữ</a> 2005-07-03 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Online examples from Ladefoged's <i>Vowels and Consonants</i>, referenced above.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69931828"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69931982">.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-placearrow{border-bottom:none;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow{border-top:none;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(even),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(9):not(.IPA-common-rightborder),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(11):not(.IPA-common-rightborder){border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(odd),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(10):not(.IPA-common-leftborder),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(12):not(.IPA-common-leftborder){border-left:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69932160">.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-nocaption{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.2em 0.4em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-main{text-align:left;padding:0 0.4em;line-height:2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-main>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-sect,.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-desc{margin-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-symbol,.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-desc{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-symbol{padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;font-size:125%;width:1.25em}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69931896"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70958518">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71573313">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bảng_mẫu_tự_ngữ_âm_quốc_tế" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-xem"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_navigation" title="Bản mẫu:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-thảo luận"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:IPA navigation (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sửa"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_navigation&action=edit"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bảng_mẫu_tự_ngữ_âm_quốc_tế" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chủ_đề_IPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chủ đề IPA</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi%E1%BB%87p_h%E1%BB%99i_Ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiệp hội Ngữ âm Quốc tế (trang không tồn tại)">Hiệp hội Ngữ âm Quốc tế</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_B%E1%BA%A3ng_Phi%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lịch sử Bảng Phiên âm Quốc tế (trang không tồn tại)">Lịch sử bảng mẫu tự</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_phi%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_m%E1%BB%9F_r%E1%BB%99ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bảng phiên âm quốc tế mở rộng (trang không tồn tại)">Bản mở rộng (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ch%E1%BA%A5t_gi%E1%BB%8Dng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mẫu tự chất giọng (trang không tồn tại)">Mẫu tự chất giọng (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E1%BA%ADp_san_c%E1%BB%A7a_Hi%E1%BB%87p_h%E1%BB%99i_Ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tập san của Hiệp hội Ngữ âm Quốc tế (trang không tồn tại)"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chủ đề đặc biệt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_phi%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_ch%E1%BB%AF_hoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bảng phiên âm quốc tế chữ hoa (trang không tồn tại)">Dạng chữ hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_phi%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_ch%E1%BB%AF_in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bảng phiên quốc tế chữ in (trang không tồn tại)">Dạng chữ in</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet (trang không tồn tại)">Mẫu tự bất tiêu chuẩn và lỗi thời</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet (trang không tồn tại)">Quy chuẩn định danh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet (trang không tồn tại)">Bản mở rộng Hán ngữ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%ADnh_t%E1%BA%A3_Th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chính tả Thế giới (trang không tồn tại)">Chính tả Thế giới</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects (trang không tồn tại)">Bảng IPA cho phương ngữ tiếng Anh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mã hóa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet (trang không tồn tại)">Mã hóa ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAMPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAMPA (trang không tồn tại)">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X-SAMPA (trang không tồn tại)">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirshenbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirshenbaum (trang không tồn tại)">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIPA_(ph%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%81m)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TIPA (phần mềm) (trang không tồn tại)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_Unicode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mẫu tự ngữ âm Unicode (trang không tồn tại)">Mẫu tự ngữ âm Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%91_IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Số IPA (trang không tồn tại)">Số IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braille_IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braille IPA (trang không tồn tại)">Braille IPA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Phụ_âm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m" title="Phụ âm">Phụ âm</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m_c%C3%B3_lu%E1%BB%93ng_h%C6%A1i_t%E1%BB%AB_ph%E1%BB%95i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phụ âm có luồng hơi từ phổi (trang không tồn tại)">Phụ âm có luồng hơi từ phổi</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E1%BB%8B_tr%C3%AD_c%E1%BA%A5u_%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vị trí cấu âm (trang không tồn tại)">Vị trí</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm môi (trang không tồn tại)">Môi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%C3%A0nh_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vành lưỡi (trang không tồn tại)">Vành lưỡi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mặt lưỡi (trang không tồn tại)">Mặt lưỡi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_h%E1%BB%8Dng" class="mw-redirect" title="Âm họng">Họng</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_th%E1%BB%A9c_c%E1%BA%A5u_%C3%A2m" title="Phương thức cấu âm">Phương thức</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i" title="Âm môi-môi">Môi – môi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C3%B4i-r%C4%83ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Âm môi-răng">Môi – răng</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm lưỡi-môi (trang không tồn tại)">Lưỡi – môi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_r%C4%83ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm răng (trang không tồn tại)">Răng</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_l%E1%BB%A3i" title="Âm lợi">Lợi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm sau lợi (trang không tồn tại)">Sau lợi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm quặt lưỡi (trang không tồn tại)">Quặt lưỡi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng" title="Âm ngạc cứng">Ngạc cứng</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m" title="Âm ngạc mềm">Ngạc mềm</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t" title="Âm tiểu thiệt">Tiểu thiệt</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_y%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BA%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm yết hầu (trang không tồn tại)">Yết hầu/nắp họng</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u" title="Âm thanh hầu">Thanh hầu</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_m%C5%A9i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc mũi (trang không tồn tại)">Mũi</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi môi-môi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm mũi môi-môi hữu thanh">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɱ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_m%C3%B4i-r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm mũi môi-răng hữu thanh">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi lưỡi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">n̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɳ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi ngạc cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɲ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm mũi ngạc cứng hữu thanh">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi ngạc mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ŋ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm mũi ngạc mềm hữu thanh">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɴ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi tiểu thiệt hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc (trang không tồn tại)">Tắc</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh" title="Âm tắc môi-môi vô thanh">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm tắc môi-môi hữu thanh">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_m%C3%B4i-r%C4%83ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc môi-răng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">p̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_m%C3%B4i-r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc môi-răng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc lưỡi-môi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">t̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc lưỡi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">d̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc ngạc cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc ngạc mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc tiểu thiệt vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">q</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc tiểu thiệt hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc nắp họng (trang không tồn tại)">ʡ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc thanh hầu (trang không tồn tại)">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát (trang không tồn tại)">Tắc-xát</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu%C3%BDt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xuýt (trang không tồn tại)">xuýt</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ts</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">dz</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát sau lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">t̠ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát sau lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">d̠ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">tʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">dʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát lợi-ngạc-cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát lợi-ngạc-cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">dʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tắc-xát không xuýt </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát môi-môi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">pɸ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát môi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">bβ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-r%C4%83ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát lưỡi-răng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát lưỡi-răng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_r%C4%83ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát không xuýt răng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">t̪θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát không xuýt răng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">d̪ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát không xuýt lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">tɹ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát không xuýt lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">dɹ̝</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát không xuýt sau lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát không xuýt sau lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh" title="Âm tắc-xát ngạc cứng vô thanh">cç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm tắc-xát ngạc cứng hữu thanh">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát ngạc mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">kx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát tiểu thiệt vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">qχ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát tiểu thiệt hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɢʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát nắp họng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʡʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát nắp họng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʡʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát thanh hầu vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʔh</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát (trang không tồn tại)">Xát</a> xuýt </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">s</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">z</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát sau lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát sau lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lợi-ngạc-cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%E1%BB%A3i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lợi-ngạc-cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Xát không xuýt </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh" title="Âm xát môi-môi vô thanh">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm xát môi-môi hữu thanh">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-r%C4%83ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lưỡi-răng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lưỡi-răng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lưỡi-môi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">θ̼</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát lưỡi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ð̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_r%C4%83ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát răng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát răng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát không xuýt lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">θ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát không xuýt lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ð̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát không xuýt sau lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát không xuýt sau lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát không xuýt quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɻ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_kh%C3%B4ng_xu%C3%BDt_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát không xuýt quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɻ˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát ngạc cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát ngạc mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát tiểu thiệt vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">χ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát tiểu thiệt hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_y%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BA%A7u_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát yết hầu vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ħ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_y%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BA%A7u_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát yết hầu hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát thanh hầu vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">h</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát thanh hầu hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn" title="Âm tiếp cận">Tiếp cận</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận môi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u_k%E1%BA%B9t_gi%E1%BB%8Dng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận thanh hầu kẹt giọng (trang không tồn tại)">ʔ̞</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ (trang không tồn tại)">Vỗ</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ môi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_m%C3%B4i-r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ môi-răng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ lưỡi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɾ̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_tap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar tap (trang không tồn tại)">ɾ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps (trang không tồn tại)">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɽ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap (trang không tồn tại)">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ nắp họng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʡ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung (trang không tồn tại)">Rung</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung môi-môi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʙ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung môi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_rung_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm rung lợi hữu thanh">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɽ̊r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɽr</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung tiểu thiệt vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʀ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung tiểu thiệt hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung nắp họng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_rung_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm rung nắp họng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tắc-xát <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_b%C3%AAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm bên (trang không tồn tại)">bên</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">tꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">d𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên ngạc cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">c𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɟʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên ngạc mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">k𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát bên ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Xát bên </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát bên lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát bên lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát bên quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh" title="Âm xát bên quặt lưỡi hữu thanh">𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát bên ngạc cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát bên ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát bên ngạc mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát bên ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tiếp cận bên </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận bên lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_b%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận bên quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận bên ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận bên ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_b%C3%AAn_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận bên tiểu thiệt hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʟ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Vỗ bên </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ bên lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɺ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ bên lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_b%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ bên quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">𝼈̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_b%C3%AAn_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ bên quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">𝼈</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ bên ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʎ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%97_b%C3%AAn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm vỗ bên ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʟ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA">Trợ giúp IPA</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m_IPA_k%C3%A8m_ph%C3%A1t_%C3%A2m_m%E1%BA%ABu" title="Bảng phụ âm IPA kèm phát âm mẫu"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m_IPA_k%C3%A8m_ph%C3%A1t_%C3%A2m_m%E1%BA%ABu" title="Bảng phụ âm IPA kèm phát âm mẫu">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">bảng đầy đủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_pulmonic_consonants" title="Bản mẫu:IPA pulmonic consonants">bản mẫu</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Trong cùng một ô, các mẫu tự bên phải hữu thanh còn bên trái vô thanh. <span style="display: inline-block;">Các ô tô đậm là cách thức cấu âm mà người bình thường bất khả thực hiện.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Phụ âm không có luồng hơi từ phổi</b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C3%B4i_%E2%80%93_m%C3%B4i" class="mw-redirect" title="Âm môi – môi"><abbr title="Môi – Môi">MM</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_m%C3%B4i_r%C4%83ng" title="Âm môi răng"><abbr title="Môi – răng">MR</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_r%C4%83ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm răng (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Răng">R</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_l%E1%BB%A3i" title="Âm lợi"><abbr title="Lợi">L</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_sau_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm sau lợi (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Sau lợi">SL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm quặt lưỡi (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Quặt lưỡi">QL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng" title="Âm ngạc cứng"><abbr title="Ngạc cứng">NC</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m" title="Âm ngạc mềm"><abbr title="Ngạc mềm">NM</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t" title="Âm tiểu thiệt"><abbr title="Tiểu thiệt">TT</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u" title="Âm thanh hầu"><abbr title="Nắp họng">NH</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ph%E1%BB%A5t" title="Âm phụt">Phụt</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc (trang không tồn tại)">Tắc</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ph%E1%BB%A5t_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc phụt môi-môi (trang không tồn tại)">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ph%E1%BB%A5t_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc phụt lợi (trang không tồn tại)">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ph%E1%BB%A5t_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc phụt quặt lưỡi (trang không tồn tại)">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc phụt ngạc cứng (trang không tồn tại)">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc phụt ngạc mềm (trang không tồn tại)">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc phụt tiểu thiệt (trang không tồn tại)">qʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ph%E1%BB%A5t_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm phụt nắp họng (trang không tồn tại)">ʡʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát (trang không tồn tại)">Tắc-xát</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_r%C4%83ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát phụt răng (trang không tồn tại)">t̪θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát phụt lợi (trang không tồn tại)">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng-l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát phụt ngạc-cứng-lợi (trang không tồn tại)">t̠ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát phụt quặt lưỡi (trang không tồn tại)">tʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát phụt ngạc mềm (trang không tồn tại)">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát phụt tiểu thiệt (trang không tồn tại)">qχʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát (trang không tồn tại)">Xát</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_h%E1%BB%A5t_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát hụt môi-môi (trang không tồn tại)">ɸʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_m%C3%B4i-r%C4%83ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt môi-răng (trang không tồn tại)">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_r%C4%83ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt răng (trang không tồn tại)">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt lợi (trang không tồn tại)">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng-l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt ngạc-cứng-lợi (trang không tồn tại)">ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt quặt lưỡi (trang không tồn tại)">ʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_l%E1%BB%A3i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt lợi-ngạc-cứng (trang không tồn tại)">ɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt ngạc mềm (trang không tồn tại)">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt tiểu thiệt (trang không tồn tại)">χʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tắc-xát <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_b%C3%AAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm bên (trang không tồn tại)">bên</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc-x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc-xát phụt bên lợi (trang không tồn tại)">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ph%E1%BB%A5t" title="Âm phụt">c𝼆ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ph%E1%BB%A5t" title="Âm phụt">k𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Xát bên </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_ph%E1%BB%A5t_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát phụt bên lợi (trang không tồn tại)">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt" title="Âm chắt">Chắt</a><br />(trên: ngạc mềm;<br />dưới: tiểu thiệt) </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m_m%E1%BA%A3nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phụ âm mảnh (trang không tồn tại)">Mảnh</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_m%E1%BA%A3nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt môi-môi mảnh (trang không tồn tại)">kʘ<br />qʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_r%C4%83ng_m%E1%BA%A3nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt răng mảnh (trang không tồn tại)">kǀ<br />qǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_l%E1%BB%A3i_m%E1%BA%A3nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt lợi mảnh (trang không tồn tại)">kǃ<br />qǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_m%E1%BA%A3nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt quặt lưỡi mảnh (trang không tồn tại)">k𝼊<br />q𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_m%E1%BA%A3nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt ngạc cứng mảnh (trang không tồn tại)">kǂ<br />qǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Hữu thanh </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh_th%E1%BA%A3_sau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt môi-môi hữu thanh thả sau (trang không tồn tại)">ɡʘ<br />ɢʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt răng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡǀ<br />ɢǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡǃ<br />ɢǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voice_(phonetics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voice (phonetics) (trang không tồn tại)">ɡ𝼊<br />ɢ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡǂ<br />ɢǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C5%A9i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt mũi (trang không tồn tại)">Mũi</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C5%A9i_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt mũi môi-môi (trang không tồn tại)">ŋʘ<br />ɴʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C5%A9i_r%C4%83ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt mũi răng (trang không tồn tại)">ŋǀ<br />ɴǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C5%A9i_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt mũi lợi (trang không tồn tại)">ŋǃ<br />ɴǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C5%A9i_h%C3%B3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mũi hóa (trang không tồn tại)">ŋ𝼊<br />ɴ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C5%A9i_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt mũi ngạc cứng (trang không tồn tại)">ŋǂ<br />ɴǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_th%E1%BA%A3_sau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt ngạc mềm thả sau (trang không tồn tại)">ʞ</a></span><br />  </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bên mảnh </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_m%E1%BA%A3nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt bên lợi mảnh (trang không tồn tại)">kǁ<br />qǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bên hữu thanh </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt bên lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡǁ<br />ɢǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bên mũi </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ch%E1%BA%AFt_m%C5%A9i_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm chắt mũi bên lợi (trang không tồn tại)">ŋǁ<br />ɴǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào (trang không tồn tại)">Hút vào</a> </th> <th scope="row">Hữu thanh </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào môi-môi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_l%E1%BB%A3i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào lợi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào quặt lưỡi hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào ngạc cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào ngạc mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɠ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào tiểu thiệt hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Vô thanh </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào môi-môi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɓ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_l%E1%BB%A3i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào lợi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɗ̥</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_qu%E1%BA%B7t_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào quặt lưỡi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ᶑ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào ngạc cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʄ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào ngạc mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɠ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_h%C3%BAt_v%C3%A0o_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm hút vào tiểu thiệt vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʛ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA">Trợ giúp IPA</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_non-pulmonic_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA non-pulmonic consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPA_non-pulmonic_consonant_chart_with_audio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPA non-pulmonic consonant chart with audio (trang không tồn tại)">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">bảng đầy đủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="Bản mẫu:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">bản mẫu</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_c%E1%BA%A5u_%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phụ âm đồng cấu âm (trang không tồn tại)">Phụ âm đồng cấu âm</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi (trang không tồn tại)">Mũi</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">n͡m</span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labial–coronal consonant (trang không tồn tại)">Môi – lợi</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_m%C5%A9i_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm mũi môi-ngạc-mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ŋ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labial–velar consonant (trang không tồn tại)">Môi – ngạc mềm</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_b%E1%BA%ADt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm bật (trang không tồn tại)">Bật</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">t͡p</span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">d͡b</span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Môi – lợi</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc môi-ngạc-mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">k͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc môi-ngạc-mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɡ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Môi – ngạc mềm</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_t%E1%BA%AFc_ti%E1%BB%83u-thi%E1%BB%87t-n%E1%BA%AFp-h%E1%BB%8Dng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tắc tiểu-thiệt-nắp-họng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">q͡ʡ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A2m_ti%E1%BB%83u_thi%E1%BB%87t_%E2%80%93_n%E1%BA%AFp_h%E1%BB%8Dng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phụ âm tiểu thiệt – nắp họng (trang không tồn tại)">Tiểu thiệt – nắp họng</a></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát (trang không tồn tại)">Xát</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn" title="Âm tiếp cận">Tiếp cận</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát môi-ngạc-cứng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɥ̊</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận môi-ngạc-cứng hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ɥ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B4i_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_h%C3%B3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Môi ngạc cứng hóa (trang không tồn tại)">Môi – ngạc cứng</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c-m%E1%BB%81m_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát môi-ngạc-mềm vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">ʍ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c%E2%80%93m%E1%BB%81m_h%E1%BB%AFu_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát môi-ngạc–mềm hữu thanh (trang không tồn tại)">w</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Môi – ngạc mềm</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">ɧ</span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sj-sound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sj-sound (trang không tồn tại)">âm <i>Sj</i></a> (biến thiên)</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect">Tiếp cận <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateral consonant (trang không tồn tại)">bên</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_b%C3%AAn_l%E1%BB%A3i_ng%E1%BA%A1c%E2%80%93m%E1%BB%81m%E2%80%93h%C3%B3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận bên lợi ngạc–mềm–hóa (trang không tồn tại)">ɫ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Lợi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarization (trang không tồn tại)">ngạc mềm hóa</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA">Trợ giúp IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">bảng đầy đủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_co-articulated_consonants" title="Bản mẫu:IPA co-articulated consonants">bản mẫu</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Khác" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Khác</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_m%C3%B4i-ng%E1%BA%A1c_m%E1%BB%81m_m%C5%A9i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận môi-ngạc mềm mũi (trang không tồn tại)">Âm tiếp cận môi-ngạc mềm mũi</a> <span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">[w̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_ng%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A9ng_m%C5%A9i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận ngạc cứng mũi (trang không tồn tại)">Âm tiếp cận ngạc cứng mũi</a> <span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">[j̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_x%C3%A1t_r%C4%83ng-r%C4%83ng_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm xát răng-răng vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">Âm xát răng-răng vô thanh</a> <span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">[h̪͆]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_b%E1%BA%ADt_r%C4%83ng_h%E1%BA%ADu-rung_m%C3%B4i-m%C3%B4i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm bật răng hậu-rung môi-môi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">Âm bật răng hậu-rung môi-môi vô thanh</a> <span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82m_ti%E1%BA%BFp_c%E1%BA%ADn_thanh_h%E1%BA%A7u_m%C5%A9i_v%C3%B4_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Âm tiếp cận thanh hầu mũi vô thanh (trang không tồn tại)">Âm tiếp cận thanh hầu mũi vô thanh</a> <span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA">[h̃]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Nguyên_âm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nguyên âm</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_h%C3%A0ng_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm hàng trước (trang không tồn tại)">Hàng trước</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_h%C3%A0ng_gi%E1%BB%AFa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm hàng giữa (trang không tồn tại)">Hàng giữa</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_h%C3%A0ng_sau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm hàng sau (trang không tồn tại)">Hàng sau</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm đóng (trang không tồn tại)">Đóng</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_kh%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_%C4%91%C3%B3ng" title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi trước đóng">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_%C4%91%C3%B3ng" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi trước đóng">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_gi%E1%BB%AFa_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi giữa đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_gi%E1%BB%AFa_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi giữa đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_kh%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_sau_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi sau đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_sau_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi sau đóng (trang không tồn tại)">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm gần đóng (trang không tồn tại)">Gần đóng</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_kh%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_g%E1%BA%A7n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm không tròn môi gần trước gần đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i_g%E1%BA%A7n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm tròn môi gần trước gần đóng (trang không tồn tại)">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_n%E1%BB%ADa_%C4%91%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm nửa đóng (trang không tồn tại)">Nửa đóng</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_v%E1%BB%ABa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm vừa (trang không tồn tại)">Vừa</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-single" style="transform: translate(25px, 2px);"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid central vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ə</a></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_n%E1%BB%ADa_m%E1%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm nửa mở (trang không tồn tại)">Nửa mở</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_g%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm gần mở (trang không tồn tại)">Gần mở</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(80px, -2px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(80px, -2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(80px, -2px);"></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-single" style="transform: translate(46px, -2px);"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open central vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɐ</a></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_m%E1%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên âm mở (trang không tồn tại)">Mở</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(57px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open central unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(57px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(57px, -4px);"></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back unrounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back rounded vowel (trang không tồn tại)">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA">Trợ giúp IPA</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_IPA_v%E1%BB%9Bi_%C3%A2m_thanh" title="Bảng nguyên âm IPA với âm thanh"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m_IPA_v%E1%BB%9Bi_%C3%A2m_thanh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bảng nguyên âm IPA với âm thanh (trang không tồn tại)">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế">bảng đầy đủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:IPA_vowels" title="Bản mẫu:IPA vowels">bản mẫu</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Đi theo cặp trái phải: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%99_tr%C3%B2n_m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Độ tròn môi (trang không tồn tại)">không tròn môi <span style="color: #000;">•</span> tròn môi</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Linguistics_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hình tượng sơ khai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/40px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/60px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/80px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="73" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Bài viết liên quan đến <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ngôn ngữ học">ngôn ngữ học</a> này vẫn còn <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:B%C3%A0i_s%C6%A1_khai" title="Wikipedia:Bài sơ khai">sơ khai</a>. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia <a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m&veaction=edit">mở rộng nội dung</a> để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-xem"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Bản mẫu:Sơ khai ngôn ngữ học"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-thảo luận"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Sơ khai ngôn ngữ học (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sửa"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc&action=edit"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lấy từ “<a dir="ltr" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguyên_âm&oldid=71457047">https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguyên_âm&oldid=71457047</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Đặc biệt:Thể loại">Thể loại</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:S%C6%A1_khai_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Thể loại:Sơ khai ngôn ngữ học">Sơ khai ngôn ngữ học</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Nguy%C3%AAn_%C3%A2m" title="Thể loại:Nguyên âm">Nguyên âm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Thể loại:Ngữ âm học">Ngữ âm học</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Thể loại ẩn: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Trang_c%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c_bi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BA%ADp_l%E1%BA%A1i" title="Thể loại:Trang cần được biên tập lại">Trang cần được biên tập lại</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu_webarchive_d%C3%B9ng_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_wayback" title="Thể loại:Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback">Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:T%E1%BA%A5t_c%E1%BA%A3_b%C3%A0i_vi%E1%BA%BFt_s%C6%A1_khai" title="Thể loại:Tất cả bài viết sơ khai">Tất cả bài viết sơ khai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Trang_s%E1%BB%AD_d%E1%BB%A5ng_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_t%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_ISBN" title="Thể loại:Trang sử dụng liên kết tự động ISBN">Trang sử dụng liên kết tự động ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Trang này được sửa đổi lần cuối vào ngày 18 tháng 6 năm 2024, 15:10.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Văn bản được phát hành theo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nguy%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_ph%C3%A9p_Creative_Commons_Ghi_c%C3%B4ng%E2%80%93Chia_s%E1%BA%BB_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%B1_phi%C3%AAn_b%E1%BA%A3n_4.0_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Wikipedia:Nguyên văn Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự phiên bản 4.0 Quốc tế">Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự</a>; có thể áp dụng điều khoản bổ sung. 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