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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John McConnell (peace activist)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McConnell_(activista_por_la_paz)" title="John McConnell (activista por la paz) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John McConnell (activista por la paz)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McConnell_(attivista)" title="John McConnell (attivista) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John McConnell (attivista)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98)" title="ჯონ მაკკონელი (მშვიდობის აქტივისტი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ მაკკონელი (მშვიდობის აქტივისტი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_McConnell" title="Iohannes McConnell – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iohannes McConnell" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB_(%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%B6)" title="ジョン・マコーネル (平和運動家) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・マコーネル (平和運動家)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McConnell" title="John McConnell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John McConnell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McConnell_(aktivist)" title="John McConnell (aktivist) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John McConnell (aktivist)" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American environmentalist (1915-2012)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/John_McConnell_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John McConnell (disambiguation)">John McConnell (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John McConnell</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_McConnell_Mar15_2008_cmm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/John_McConnell_Mar15_2008_cmm.jpg/250px-John_McConnell_Mar15_2008_cmm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/John_McConnell_Mar15_2008_cmm.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">McConnell in front of his home in Denver, Colorado, USA with the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Earth#John_McConnell's_design" title="Flag of Earth">Earth Flag</a> he designed</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-03-22</span>)</span>March 22, 1915<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Davis_City,_Iowa" title="Davis City, Iowa">Davis City, Iowa</a>, U.S</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 20, 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-10-20)</span> (aged 97)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder of <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John McConnell</b> (March 22, 1915 – October 20, 2012<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was the founder and creator of <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and The Earth Society Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was known for designing the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Earth#John_McConnell's_design" title="Flag of Earth">Earth Flag</a>, pursuing causes relating to peace, religion, and science.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John McConnell was born on March 22, 1915, in <a href="/wiki/Davis_City,_Iowa" title="Davis City, Iowa">Davis City, Iowa</a>, United States. He was the son of a Pentecostal preacher<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and traveling doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first interest in the Earth began in 1939 while partnering with Albert Nobell, a chemist, in the Nobell Research Laboratory in Los Angeles that built a factory for the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Realizing how much the manufacture of plastic polluted the Earth, his concern for <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a> grew. Afterward, he was a lifetime believer in care of the environment, founded on his Christian beliefs. He stated that leading into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he believed that love and prayer could be more powerful than bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 31, 1957, soon after the first successful <a href="/wiki/Sputnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik">Sputnik</a> launch, McConnell wrote an editorial,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calling for peaceful cooperation in the exploration of <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Space</a> with a visible "Star of Hope" satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led him to create a "Star of Hope" organization to foster international cooperation in space.<sup id="cite_ref-earthsite.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earthsite.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_actions_and_campaigns">Major actions and campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major actions and campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peace_activism">Peace activism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Peace activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1959 to pursue his <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">dream of peace</a>, John McConnell moved to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> where he and his co-publisher, Erling Toness, founded the "Mountain View"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Along with the "Mountain View", he organized a campaign in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> in 1962 called "Meals for Millions". It was used to feed thousands of <a href="/wiki/Refugee_wave_from_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_to_British_Hong_Kong#1962" title="Refugee wave from the People's Republic of China to British Hong Kong">Hong Kong refugees</a>. In 1963, after the "Meals for Millions" campaign, McConnell worked on another campaign called "Minute for Peace" for seven years following "Meals for Millions". He began his "Minute for Peace" campaign with a broadcast<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2021)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> on December 22, 1963, ending the mourning period for the late president, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. On June 26, 1965, McConnell spoke at the National Education Association Convention in <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>, where the public<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> came together for a "Minute for Peace".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earth_Day">Earth Day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Earth Day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McConnell's concern for the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> grew in the late 1950s and early 1970s. A Christian, he believed humans have an obligation to take care of the Earth, and to share its resources equally, based on such passages as <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> 115:16, "The earth has been given to the children of men."<sup id="cite_ref-Pentecostal_Origins_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pentecostal_Origins-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was moved when he saw the <a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">first picture of the Earth</a> printed in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine. Later that picture became the symbol on the Earth Day flag which he designed and created.<sup id="cite_ref-earthsite.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earthsite.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1969, at the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> conference in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, McConnell proposed a global holiday to celebrate Earth's life and beauty and to advance peace. Along with the celebration of life on Earth, he intended Earth Day to alert people about the need for preserving and renewing the threatened <a href="/wiki/Ecological" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological">ecological</a> balance upon which all life on Earth depends. The proposal won strong support and was followed by an Earth Day Proclamation by the City of San Francisco on March 1, 1970, "Honor the Earth" and the first celebration of <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a> on March 21, 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1970, McConnell created the Earth Day Proclamation for worldwide use and awareness, which declared the principles and responsibilities the signers undertook to care for the Earth. It was signed by 36 world leaders, including UN Secretary General <a href="/wiki/U_Thant" title="U Thant">U Thant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Gardner" title="John W. Gardner">John Gardner</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">spring equinox</a> Earth Day is celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> in many cities with ringing of peace bells. Earth Day has been celebrated annually since 1970 at the United Nations with ringing of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peace_Bell" title="Japanese Peace Bell">UN Peace Bell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Earth_Society_Foundation.org.">The Earth Society Foundation.org.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Earth Society Foundation.org."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1973, McConnell formed "The Earth Society Foundation".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Margaret Mead later joined the foundation in September 1976<sup id="cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the international chairman of <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Earth Society, Inc. became The Earth Society Foundation, Inc. in December 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_and_John_McConnell_Founder_of_Earthday_in_Sept2012-IMG_3293.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Anna_and_John_McConnell_Founder_of_Earthday_in_Sept2012-IMG_3293.jpg/250px-Anna_and_John_McConnell_Founder_of_Earthday_in_Sept2012-IMG_3293.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Anna_and_John_McConnell_Founder_of_Earthday_in_Sept2012-IMG_3293.jpg/330px-Anna_and_John_McConnell_Founder_of_Earthday_in_Sept2012-IMG_3293.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Anna_and_John_McConnell_Founder_of_Earthday_in_Sept2012-IMG_3293.jpg/500px-Anna_and_John_McConnell_Founder_of_Earthday_in_Sept2012-IMG_3293.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Anna and John McConnel 1 month before he passed away in Denver, CO. Sept.11, 2012</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-Website_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Website-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>website 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Website-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Website_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell" class="citation web cs1">McConnell, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthsocietyfoundation.org">"Peace Activist"</a>. <i>Earth Society Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth+Society+Foundation&rft.atitle=Peace+Activist&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthsocietyfoundation.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMegan_Mitchell2012" class="citation web cs1">Megan Mitchell (October 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/obituaries/ci_21871257/vagabond-youth-led-earth-day-founder-john-mcconnell?IADID=Search-www.denverpost.com-www.denverpost.com">"Vagabond youth led Earth Day founder John McConnell to life of peace"</a>. The Denver Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vagabond+youth+led+Earth+Day+founder+John+McConnell+to+life+of+peace&rft.pub=The+Denver+Post&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.au=Megan+Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Fobituaries%2Fci_21871257%2Fvagabond-youth-led-earth-day-founder-john-mcconnell%3FIADID%3DSearch-www.denverpost.com-www.denverpost.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fotw.info/flags/qp-3-jmc.html">"John McConnell's Earth flag"</a>. <i>fotw.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fotw.info&rft.atitle=John+McConnell%27s+Earth+flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffotw.info%2Fflags%2Fqp-3-jmc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225912/https://www.earthflag.net/history.html">"The Authentic Earth Flag - History"</a>. <i>www.earthflag.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.earthflag.net&rft.atitle=The+Authentic+Earth+Flag+-+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthflag.net%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Earth_Society_Foundation_-_History_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023223450/https://earthsocietyfoundation.com/history.htm">"Earth Society Foundation - History"</a>. <i>earthsocietyfoundation.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthsocietyfoundation.com/history.htm">the original</a> on October 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthsocietyfoundation.com&rft.atitle=Earth+Society+Foundation+-+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthsocietyfoundation.com%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Earth_Society_Foundation">"Earth Society Foundation - SourceWatch"</a>. <i>www.sourcewatch.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sourcewatch.org&rft.atitle=Earth+Society+Foundation+-+SourceWatch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sourcewatch.org%2Findex.php%2FEarth_Society_Foundation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_McConnell_autobiography-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_McConnell_autobiography_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017091332/https://wipfandstock.com/store/Earth_Day_Vision_for_Peace_Justice_and_Earth_Care_My_Life_and_Thought_at_Age_96">"John McConnell autobiography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wipfandstock.com/store/Earth_Day_Vision_for_Peace_Justice_and_Earth_Care_My_Life_and_Thought_at_Age_96">the original</a> on October 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+McConnell+autobiography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwipfandstock.com%2Fstore%2FEarth_Day_Vision_for_Peace_Justice_and_Earth_Care_My_Life_and_Thought_at_Age_96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2012/10/27/vagabond-youth-led-earth-day-founder-john-mcconnell-to-life-of-peace/">"Vagabond youth led Earth Day founder John McConnell to life of peace"</a>. October 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vagabond+youth+led+Earth+Day+founder+John+McConnell+to+life+of+peace&rft.date=2012-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2012%2F10%2F27%2Fvagabond-youth-led-earth-day-founder-john-mcconnell-to-life-of-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFR-C" class="citation web cs1">R-C, Jonni Hill, Special to the. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.recordcourier.com/news/local/how-did-earth-day-really-begin/">"How did Earth Day really begin?"</a>. <i>www.recordcourier.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.recordcourier.com&rft.atitle=How+did+Earth+Day+really+begin%3F&rft.aulast=R-C&rft.aufirst=Jonni+Hill%2C+Special+to+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recordcourier.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fhow-did-earth-day-really-begin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230605/http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ifphc.org/pdf//Heritage/2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fifphc.org%2Fpdf%2F%2FHeritage%2F2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.all-creatures.org/living/star.html">"Make Our Satellite A Symbol Of Hope"</a>. <i>www.all-creatures.org</i>. October 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.all-creatures.org&rft.atitle=Make+Our+Satellite+A+Symbol+Of+Hope&rft.date=1957-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-creatures.org%2Fliving%2Fstar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earthsite.org-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earthsite.org_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earthsite.org_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413072300/http://www.earthsite.org/bill.htm">"Bill McConnell autobiography"</a>. Earthsite.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthsite.org/bill.htm">the original</a> on April 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+McConnell+autobiography&rft.pub=Earthsite.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthsite.org%2Fbill.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pentecostal_Origins-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pentecostal_Origins_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSparks_and_Rogers" class="citation web cs1">Sparks and Rogers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331232111/http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf">"John McConnell, Jr. and the Pentecostal Origins of Earth Day"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Assemblies of God Heritage</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assemblies+of+God+Heritage&rft.atitle=John+McConnell%2C+Jr.+and+the+Pentecostal+Origins+of+Earth+Day&rft.au=Sparks+and+Rogers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fifphc.org%2Fpdf%2FHeritage%2F2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+McConnell+%28peace+activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McConnell_(peace_activist)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120911133615/http://www.earthsite.org/john.htm">John McConnell Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331232111/http://ifphc.org/pdf/Heritage/2010.pdf">John McConnell, Jr. and the Pentecostal Origins of Earth Day</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agtv.ag.org/McConnell2009">Oral History Interview of John McConnell, Jr. about his Christian Faith</a></li> <li>NY Times Article Oct. 28, 1998 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/national/regional/102898ny-col-gonzalez.html">[1]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donrittner.com/his200.html/">Honor the Earth</a></li> <li>John McConnell Live on YouTube Tells his Story Part 1 of 4 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WTSykK3q4I">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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