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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oinordetza_Kode_Zibilean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oinordetza_Kode_Zibilean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oinordetza Kode Zibilean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oinordetza_Kode_Zibilean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontzeptu_orokorrak._Mortis_causa_oinordetza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontzeptu_orokorrak._Mortis_causa_oinordetza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kontzeptu orokorrak. <i>Mortis causa</i> oinordetza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kontzeptu_orokorrak._Mortis_causa_oinordetza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kontzeptu orokorrak. <i>Mortis causa</i> oinordetza azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kontzeptu_orokorrak._Mortis_causa_oinordetza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mortis_causa_oinordetza_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortis_causa_oinordetza_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Mortis causa</i> oinordetza motak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortis_causa_oinordetza_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testamentu_bidezko_oinordetza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testamentu_bidezko_oinordetza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Testamentu bidezko oinordetza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Testamentu_bidezko_oinordetza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Testamentu bidezko oinordetza azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Testamentu_bidezko_oinordetza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ezaugarriak[2]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezaugarriak[2]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ezaugarriak<sup><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezaugarriak[2]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formalitateak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formalitateak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Formalitateak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formalitateak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testamentua_egiteko_gaitasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testamentua_egiteko_gaitasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Testamentua egiteko gaitasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testamentua_egiteko_gaitasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testamentu-motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testamentu-motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Testamentu-motak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testamentu-motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testamentuaren_edukia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testamentuaren_edukia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Testamentuaren edukia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testamentuaren_edukia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Testamentu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 77 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وصية – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وصية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99siyy%C9%99tnam%C9%99" title="Vəsiyyətnamə – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vəsiyyətnamə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Завяшчанне – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Завяшчанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4" title="ওসিয়ত – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওসিয়ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%99%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྙུན་གཞི་དང་ཞལ་ཆེམས་ – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྙུན་གཞི་དང་ཞལ་ཆེམས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83u-d%C3%A2i" title="Gău-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gău-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1v%C4%9B%C5%A5" title="Závěť – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Závěť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Халал – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Халал" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewyllys_(cyfraith)" title="Ewyllys (cyfraith) – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ewyllys (cyfraith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamente" title="Testamente – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Testamente" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Διαθήκη – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαθήκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Will and testament" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamento_(juro)" title="Testamento (juro) – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Testamento (juro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamento" title="Testamento – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Testamento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="وصیت‌نامه – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وصیت‌نامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamentti" title="Testamentti – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Testamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament_(droit)" title="Testament (droit) – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Testament (droit)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamint_(akte)" title="Testamint (akte) – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Testamint (akte)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamento" title="Testamento – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Testamento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="צוואה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צוואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="इच्छापत्र – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इच्छापत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oporuka" title="Oporuka – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oporuka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9grendelet" title="Végrendelet – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Végrendelet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կտակ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_wasiat" title="Surat wasiat – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Surat wasiat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erf%C3%B0askr%C3%A1" title="Erfðaskrá – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Erfðaskrá" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamento" title="Testamento – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Testamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E8%A8%80" title="遺言 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="遺言" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಉಯಿಲು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಯಿಲು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%96%B8" title="유언 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유언" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Керээз кат – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Керээз кат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamentum" title="Testamentum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Testamentum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamentas" title="Testamentas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Testamentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testaments" title="Testaments – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Testaments" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Сугыньлык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сугыньлык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Тестамент – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тестамент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വിൽപ്പത്രം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൽപ്പത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Гэрээслэл – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гэрээслэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मृत्युपत्र – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मृत्युपत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasiat" title="Wasiat – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wasiat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="သေတမ်းစာ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သေတမ်းစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament_(akte)" title="Testament (akte) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Testament (akte)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamento" title="Testamento – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Testamento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Завещание – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Завещание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tistamentu" title="Tistamentu – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tistamentu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="وصيت – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وصيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament" title="Testament – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Testament" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="අන්තිම කැමති පත්‍රය – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අන්තිම කැමති පත්‍රය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_(law)" title="Will (law) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Will (law)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1vet" title="Závet – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Závet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oporoka" title="Oporoka – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oporoka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamenti" title="Testamenti – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Testamenti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Тестамент – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тестамент" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamente" title="Testamente – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Testamente" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasia" title="Wasia – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wasia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உயில் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE" title="వీలునామా – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వీలునామా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васиятнома – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Васиятнома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="พินัยกรรม – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พินัยกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasiyet" title="Vasiyet – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vasiyet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Васыятьнамә – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Васыятьнамә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Заповіт – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Заповіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="وصیت – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وصیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasiyatnoma" title="Vasiyatnoma – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vasiyatnoma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_ch%C3%BAc" title="Di chúc – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Di chúc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testamint" title="Testamint – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Testamint" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%97%E5%98%B1" title="遗嘱 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="遗嘱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="צוואה – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צוואה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%9B%91" title="遺囑 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="遺囑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%9B%91" title="遺囑 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="遺囑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q155656#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p><b>Testamentua</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinezko</a> <span lang="la"><i>testatio mentis</i></span> edo nahiaren lekukotasuna), <b>azken-nahia</b> edo <b>ordenua</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ipar_Euskal_Herria" title="Ipar Euskal Herria">Ipar.</a>) norbaitek bere azken nahiaz egiten duen adierazpen idatzia da, bera hilez gero bere <a href="/wiki/Ondasun" title="Ondasun">ondasunez</a> erabakitakoa aditzera ematen duena; adierazpen hori biltzen duen legezko dokumentua. </p><p>Aldebakarreko negozio juridikoa da testamentua, kausatzaileak (hildakoa) erabil dezake bere mortis causa <a href="/wiki/Oinordetza" class="mw-redirect" title="Oinordetza">oinordetza</a> antolatzeko (oinordekoak izendatu; bakoitzari zenbat utzi adierazi; oinordekoei baldintzak eta epeak ezarri eta abar). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Espainiako_Kode_Zibila" title="Espainiako Kode Zibila">Espainiako Kode Zibilak</a> jasotzen duen borondatezko oinordetza bakarra da eta honela definitzen du 667. artikuluan: <i>“Testamentu deritzo norbaitek, bere heriotza gertatu eta geroko, bere ondasun guztiak edo batzuk xedatzeko gauzatzen duen egintzari.”</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beraz, kausatzaileak ez badu testamentuz oinordetza antolatzen edota soilik bere ondarearen zati bat soilik antolatzen badu, legeak ezarriko du bere ondasunen banaketa (<i>abintestato</i> oinordetza, KZko 668 art.).<sup id="cite_ref-#1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oinordetza_Kode_Zibilean">Oinordetza Kode Zibilean</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oinordetza Kode Zibilean»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Oinordetza Kode Zibilean"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oinordetzak: Kode Zibila III. Liburua, III. Titulua (657 - 1087 artikuluak): </p> <ul><li>I. atalburua: Testamentuak</li> <li>II. atalburua: Jaraunspena</li> <li>III. atalburua: Testamenturik gabeko oinordetza</li> <li>IV. atalburua: Oinordeko izateko hurrenkera, lerro desberdinen arabera</li> <li>V. atalburua: Testamentu bidezko eta testamenturik gabeko jaraunspen guztietarako xedapenak</li> <li>VI. atalburua: Kolazioa eta banaketa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kontzeptu_orokorrak._Mortis_causa_oinordetza">Kontzeptu orokorrak. <i>Mortis causa</i> oinordetza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontzeptu orokorrak. Mortis causa oinordetza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kontzeptu orokorrak. Mortis causa oinordetza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oinordetza, pertsona bat beste baten posizioan jartzea da eta hildakoaren harreman juridikoetan subrogatzea. Bi oinordetza mota nabarmentzen dira:<sup id="cite_ref-#1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inter_vivos" title="Inter vivos">Inter vivos</a></i> (adibidez, enpresa baten postu bat betetzen duena aldatzea).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mortis_causa" title="Mortis causa">Mortis causa</a></i> (pertsona bat hiltzen denean, bere ondarean egiten den ordezkatzea edo  subrogazioa).</li></ul> <p><i>Mortis causa</i>ri dagokionez, testamentugileak/kausatzaileak edo ordenamendu juridikoak arautzen du nork ordezkatuko duen hildakoa bere heriotzarekin iraungi ez diren harreman juridiko guztietan. Batez ere, hildakoaren ondarezko harreman juridikoez arduratzen da eta ondasunak transmitigarriak izan behar dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortis_causa_oinordetza_motak"><i>Mortis causa</i> oinordetza motak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mortis causa oinordetza motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mortis causa oinordetza motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><u>Borondatezko oinordetza</u>: edonork bere erlazio juridikoen xedea eta helburua antolatzeko eskubidea du, hiltzen denerako, ordenamendu juridikoak nahikoa gaitasun aitortzen badio. (KZko 662 art.)</li></ul> <p>Borondatezko oinordetzaren barnean kokatzen dira <b>testamentua</b> eta oinordetza-ituna edo -kontratua. Azken hau, Kode Zibilak debekatu egiten du, baina badaude Estatuko zenbait Autonomia Erkidegoen ordenamenduek xeheki arautzen dutenak. </p> <ul><li><u>Legezko oinordetza</u> (<i>abintestato</i>): kausatzaileak ez badu borondatez bere oinordetza antolatzen edota soilik zati batetan bakarrik antolatzen baldin badu, legeak ezarriko du nori egokitu behar zaion hildakoaren oinordetza (KZko 658 art.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testamentu_bidezko_oinordetza">Testamentu bidezko oinordetza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Testamentu bidezko oinordetza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Testamentu bidezko oinordetza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legeak kausatzaileari oinordetza borondatez antolatzeko aukera ematen dio eta Kode Zibilak 667. artikuluan arautzen du: <i>“El acto por el cual una persona dispone para después de su muerte de todos sus bienes o de parte de ellos se llama testamento”. (“Testamentu deritzo norbaitek, bere heriotza gertatu eta geroko, bere ondasun guztiak edo batzuk xedatzeko gauzatzen duen egintzari.”).</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ezaugarriak[2]"><span id="Ezaugarriak.5B2.5D"></span>Ezaugarriak<sup id="cite_ref-#1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezaugarriak[2]»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ezaugarriak[2]"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alde bakarreko egintza edo negozio juridikoa da: testamentugilearekin bakarrik nahiko da, ez da inoren parte hartzerik behar.</li> <li>Indibiduala da: pertsona bakarrak adierazten du bere azken nahia testamentuan.</li> <li>Izaeraz txit pertsonala da: testamentugileak soilik egingo du, ahalmena berea da bakarrik.</li> <li>Ez zaio inori helarazi behar negozioa.</li> <li>Librea da: askatasunez egingo da, hau da, beste pertsona batek ezin du iruzur egin edo mehatxatu.</li> <li>Ezeztatu daiteke: nahi beste alda daiteke, azken testamentuak izango baitu kausatzailearen borondatea.</li> <li>Formala eta solemnea da: legeak zerrendatzen dituen formalitateak jarraitu behar dira; bestela deuseza izango da.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Formalitateak">Formalitateak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Formalitateak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Formalitateak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Betekizun batzuk orokorrak dira eta testamentu guztiek bete behar dituzte, eta beste batzuk, aldiz, bereziak dira eta testamentu motaren arabera bete beharko dira.<sup id="cite_ref-#1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Formalitateak bete behar dira; izan ere, borondate adierazpena bermatzeko dira, eta ez badira errespetatzen, deuseza izango da testamentua.</li> <li>Testamentugileari dagokionez, nortasuna eta gaitasuna ziurtatu behar dira; horretarako lekukoen presentzia baliagarria da.</li> <li>Baimen emailea egon behar da, hau da, eskuduna den notario bat.</li> <li>Lekukoak askotan funtsezkoak dira ziurtatzeko nola egin den. Printzipioz, lekuko izateko adin nagusikoa izan behar da, ezin da itsua<sup id="cite_ref-#2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edo guztiz mutua edo guztiz gorra izan, hizkuntza ulertu behar du eta ezin da laugarren gradurainoko ahaidea izan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Testamentua_egiteko_gaitasuna">Testamentua egiteko gaitasuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Testamentua egiteko gaitasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Testamentua egiteko gaitasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kode Zibileko 662. artikuluak arau orokorra adierazten du: <i>“Pueden testar todos aquellos a quienes la ley no lo prohíbe expresamente.” (“ Edonork egin dezake testamentua, baldin eta legeak beren beregi horretarako debekurik ezartzen ez badio.”).</i> Hemen interpretatzen da printzipioz pertsona fisiko guztiek <a href="/wiki/Gaitasun_(zuzenbidea)" title="Gaitasun (zuzenbidea)">gaitasuna</a> izango dutela, eta horrela ulertuko da kontrakoa frogatzen ez bada. Ezgaia izateko bi motatako kausak egon daitezke: </p> <ul><li><u>Kausa fisikoak</u>: ezgaitasun fisikoa dutenek ezin dute testamentua egin, baldin eta ezgaitasuna dela eta, aipatutako formalitateak bete ezin badituzte.<sup id="cite_ref-#2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><u>Kausa juridikoak</u>: KZren 663. artikuluak adierazten du ez dutela gaitasunik 14 urte baino gutxiagoko adingabeek ezta bere senean ez daudenek ere.</li></ul> <p>Horrez gain, epai baten bidez ezgaitu ahal da. Kasu horretan, testamentua egin nahi izanez gero, notarioaren eta bi adituen parte hartzea behar da. </p><p>Kontuan izan behar da gaitasuna izan behar dela testamentua egiten den momentuan, hau da, testamentua egin ostean gaitasuna galdu arren, testamentuak balioa izango du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testamentu-motak">Testamentu-motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Testamentu-motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Testamentu-motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kode Zibilak ezartzen du hurrengo sailkapena: </p> <ul><li>Arrunta: <ul><li>Irekia: ezagunena da, erabiliena. Notarioaren aurrean egingo da dena egintza bakar batean, ahoz edo idatziz adieraziko zaio notarioari borondatea eta hark jasoko du; lekukoak ere egongo dira, eta kasuaren arabera, beste pertsonek ere parte hartuko dute.</li> <li>Itxia: testamentugileak testamentua egiten du, baina ez dakite edukian zer adierazten den; beraz, badakite testamentu bat dagoela baina ez zer jartzen duen.</li> <li>Olografoa: norberak testamentua idazten du formalitateak betez, baina ez da notarioaren aurrean egin behar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Berezia: <ul><li>Militarra: hau egiteko gerra-garaian, gerra-lekuan eta inguruabar hauekin zerikusia duten pertsonak izan behar dira testamentugileak (militarrak, boluntarioak, gerrako presoak eta abar).</li> <li>Itsasoan eginikoa: itsas bidaia batean egindakoa.</li> <li>Atzerrian egindakoa: espainiarrek egin dezakete dauden estatuko legeen arabera edo Kode Zibileko arauei jarraituz.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Kasu bereziak dira, baina testamentu arrunt irekiaren barne kokatzen dira. Bereziak dira notariorik behar ez delako eta soilik salbuespenezko egoerak suertatzean egin daitezkeelako testamentu hauek: </p> <ul><li>Hiltzeko arriskuan egindakoa</li> <li>Izurritean egindakoa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Testamentuaren_edukia">Testamentuaren edukia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Testamentuaren edukia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Testamentuaren edukia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edukiari dagokionez, testamentuan hiru puntu jorratuko dira. Horietaz aparte, testamentuak Kode Zibilak ezartzen dituen hainbat baldintza bete behar izango ditu. </p> <ul><li><u>Jaraunslea izendatzea</u>: Espainiako ordenamenduan ez da beharrezkoa jaraunslerik izendatzea testamentua baliozkoa izateko (adibidez, behartsuen aldeko xedapen bat egitean, zeinetan ez da pertsona zehatz bat jaraunsle izango, zehaztu gabe daudelako<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), eta izendatuz gero, titulu unibertsalez, ez da beharrezkoa izango ondare guztirako izendatzea. Hala ere, jaraunslea izendatzen denean, beharrezkoa da zenbait betebehar betetzea, hala nola  xedapena zehatza eta ziurra izatea.<sup id="cite_ref-#3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><u><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legatu (sortu gabe)">Legatu</a>-hartzailea izendatzea</u>: titulu partikularrez oinordetza jasoko duena izango da legatu-hartzailea eta hau ez da zorren aurrean erantzule izango.<sup id="cite_ref-#3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><u>Moduzko xedapenak ezartzea</u>: negozio juridiko bat denez, ohiko elementuez gain, elementu osagarriak sartzeko aukera dago eta baldintza, epea eta modua dira.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><b>Baldintza</b>: baldintza bat ezartzean datza, ziurra ez den etorkizuneko gertaera edo portaera baten menpe uzten dituena negozio juridikoaren ondorioak.</li> <li><b>Epea</b>: epe bati lotuta gera daiteke deialdia (jarauntsia onartzeko edo zapuzteko egiten dena), zeinetan deitua epe batetik aurrera jaraunslea edo legatu-hartzailea izateko pentsatuta dagoen.</li> <li><b>Modua</b>: jaraunsle edo legatu-hartzaileari karga bat ezartzean datza; hark jarauntsia edo legatua jasoko du kausatzaileak ezarritako zerbait egin, ez egin edo ematen baldin badu horren truke.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Espainiako Kode Zibila, 1889ko uztailaren 24koa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1889-4763">https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1889-4763</a></li> <li>Jaraunslea eta legatuduna- ALBALADEJO GARCÍA, Manuel (1978): “<i>Sucesor universal o heredero y sucesor particular o legatario”</i>, Revista de Derecho Privado, 737-749.</li> <li>Testamentuaren betekizunak- MARTÍN FERREIRA, María Del Pilar (1993): <i>“La idoneidad de los testigos en los testamentos”</i>, Revista Crítica de Derecho Inmobiliario, 617. zk., 863-902.</li> <li>Testamentu olografoa- RUIZ VADILLO, Enrique (1972): <i>“El testamento ológrafo”</i>, Revista de Derecho Privado, 615-648.</li> <li>Itsuek testamentua egitea- ROCA DE LAQUÉ, Mª Encarnación (1970): <i>“El testamento del ciego”</i>, Revista Jurídica de Cataluña, 309-321.</li> <li>Testamentuaren edukia- ALBALADEJO GARCÍA, Manuel (1957): <i>“Condición, término y modo”</i>, Revista de Derecho Notarial, 45-95.</li> <li>Izendapenak- COBACHO GÓMEZ, José Antonio (1988): <i>“La institución a favor de los pobres”</i>, Actualidad Civil, 717.</li> <li>IMAZ ZUBIAUR, Leire (2007): “Oinordetza-Zuzenbidea”, (Euskara Errektoreordetzaren sare argitalpena) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ikasmaterialak.ehu.eus/zuzenbidea/oinordetza-zuzenbidea">https://ikasmaterialak.ehu.eus/zuzenbidea/oinordetza-zuzenbidea</a></li></ul> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Espainiako Kode Zibila, 1889ko uztailaren 24koa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_2-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_2-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_2-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_2-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">IMAZ ZUBIAUR, Leire (2007): “Oinordetza-Zuzenbidea”, (Euskara Errektoreordetzaren sare argitalpena).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#2-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#2_3-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#2_3-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">ROCA DE LAQUÉ, Mª Encarnación (1970): “El testamento del ciego”, Revista Jurídica de Cataluña, 309-321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">MARTÍN FERREIRA, María Del Pilar (1993): “La idoneidad de los testigos en los testamentos”, Revista Crítica de Derecho Inmobiliario, 617. zk., 863-902.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">RUIZ VADILLO, Enrique (1972): “El testamento ológrafo”, Revista de Derecho Privado, 615-648.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">COBACHO GÓMEZ, José Antonio (1988): “La institución a favor de los pobres”, Actualidad Civil, 717.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#3-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#3_7-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#3_7-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">ALBALADEJO GARCÍA, Manuel (1978): “Sucesor universal o heredero y sucesor particular o legatario”, Revista de Derecho Privado, 737-749.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">ALBALADEJO GARCÍA, Manuel (1957): “Condición, término y modo”, Revista de Derecho Notarial, 45-95. </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamentu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu 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