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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_documentaire_sur_la_nature" title="Film documentaire sur la nature – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Film documentaire sur la nature" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_dokumenter_alam" title="Film dokumenter alam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Film dokumenter alam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2" title="סרט טבע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרט טבע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurfilm" title="Natuurfilm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natuurfilm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manzarali_film" title="Manzarali film – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Manzarali film" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_przyrodniczy" title="Film przyrodniczy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Film przyrodniczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Documentary genre</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_Stories_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/African_Stories_01.jpg/220px-African_Stories_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/African_Stories_01.jpg/330px-African_Stories_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/African_Stories_01.jpg/440px-African_Stories_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Shooting of a wildlife film in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>nature documentary</b> or <b>wildlife documentary</b> is a genre of <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_documentary" title="Television documentary">series</a> about <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a>, or other non-human living creatures. Nature documentaries usually concentrate on video taken in the subject's natural <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>, but often including footage of trained and captive animals, too. Sometimes they are about <a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">wildlife</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ecosystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystems">ecosystems</a> in relationship to human beings. Such programmes are most frequently made for <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, particularly for <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> channels, but some are also made for the <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema</a>. The proliferation of this <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genre</a> occurred almost simultaneously alongside the production of similar television series which is distributed across the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cinema">Cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Robert J. Flaherty</a>'s 1922 film <i><a href="/wiki/Nanook_of_the_North" title="Nanook of the North">Nanook of the North</a></i> is typically cited as the first feature-length documentary.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decades later, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Disney Productions">Walt Disney Productions</a> pioneered the serial theatrical release of nature-documentaries with its production of the <a href="/wiki/True-Life_Adventures" title="True-Life Adventures">True-Life Adventures</a> series, a collection of fourteen full length and <a href="/wiki/Short_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Short subject">short subject</a> nature films from 1948 to 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent among those were <i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Desert" title="The Living Desert">The Living Desert</a></i> (1953) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Vanishing_Prairie" title="The Vanishing Prairie">The Vanishing Prairie</a></i> (1954), both written and directed by <a href="/wiki/James_Algar" title="James Algar">James Algar</a>. </p><p>The first full-length nature-documentary films pioneering colour <a href="/wiki/Underwater_videography" title="Underwater videography">underwater cinematography</a> were the Italian film <i><a href="/wiki/Sesto_Continente" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesto Continente">Sesto Continente</a></i> (<i>The Sixth Continent</i>) and the French film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_World" title="The Silent World">Le Monde du silence</a></i> (<i>The Silent World</i>). Directed by <a href="/wiki/Folco_Quilici" title="Folco Quilici">Folco Quilici</a> <i>Sesto Continente</i> was shot in 1952 and first exhibited to Italian audiences in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Silent World</i>, shot in 1954 and 1955 by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a>, was first released in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television">Television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, the BBC started airing <a href="/wiki/Zoo_Quest" title="Zoo Quest">Zoo Quest</a>, featuring <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a>. Other early nature documentaries include <i>Fur and Feathers</i> shown on <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> from 1955 to 1956 and hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ian_McTaggart-Cowan" title="Ian McTaggart-Cowan">Ian McTaggart-Cowan</a>.,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Look</i>, a studio-based BBC magazine-program with filmed inserts, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Scott" title="Peter Scott">Sir Peter Scott</a> from 1955 to 1981. The first 50-minute weekly documentary series, <i>The World About Us</i>, began on BBC2 in 1967 with a color installment from the French filmmaker Haroun Tazieff, called "Volcano". Around 1982, the series changed its title to <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_World_(BBC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural World (BBC TV series)">The Natural World</a></i>, which the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Natural_History_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Natural History Unit">BBC Natural History Unit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> continued to produce as of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. In 1961, <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglia Television">Anglia Television</a> produced the first of the award-winning <i><a href="/wiki/Survival_(TV_series)" title="Survival (TV series)">Survival</a></i> series. </p><p>Between 1974 and 1980, the Spanish nature documentary television series <i><a href="/wiki/El_Hombre_y_la_Tierra" class="mw-redirect" title="El Hombre y la Tierra">El Hombre y la Tierra</a></i> (The Man and the Earth), produced by <a href="/wiki/Television_Espanola" class="mw-redirect" title="Television Espanola">TVE</a> and presented by naturalist <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_la_Fuente" title="Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente">Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente</a> used 35 mm film, which posed significant logistic and technical challenges at the time. The show gained international recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late 1970s and early 1980s, several other television companies round the world set up their own specialized natural-history departments, including the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Television New Zealand">TVNZ</a>'s unit in <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> — both still in existence, the latter having changed its name to "<a href="/wiki/NHNZ" title="NHNZ">NHNZ</a>". <a href="/wiki/ITV_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV Network">ITV</a>'s contribution to the genre, <i>Survival</i>, became a prolific series of single films. It was eventually axed when the network introduced a controversial new schedule which many commentators have criticized as "<a href="/wiki/Dumbing_down" title="Dumbing down">dumbing down</a>". </p><p>Wildlife and natural history films have boomed in popularity and have become one of modern society's most important sources of information about the natural world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Yet film and television critics and scholars have largely ignored them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The BBC television series <i>Walking With</i>, narrated by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a>, used computer-generated imagery (CGI) and <a href="/wiki/Animatronics" title="Animatronics">animatronics</a> to film prehistoric life in a similar manner to other nature documentaries. The shows (<i><a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs" title="Walking with Dinosaurs">Walking with Dinosaurs</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Beasts" title="Walking with Beasts">Walking with Beasts</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Monsters" title="Walking with Monsters">Walking with Monsters</a></i>) had three spinoffs, two of which featured <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Marven" title="Nigel Marven">Nigel Marven</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Chased_by_Dinosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Chased by Dinosaurs">Chased by Dinosaurs</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_Monsters_(TV_series)" title="Sea Monsters (TV series)"><i>Sea Monsters: A Walking with Dinosaurs Trilogy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Winston" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Winston">Robert Winston</a> presented <i><a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Cavemen" title="Walking with Cavemen">Walking with Cavemen</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most nature documentary films or television series focus on a particular <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">scientific</a> idea (such as <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>). Although most take a scientific and <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">educational</a> approach, some <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphise</a> their subjects or present animals purely for the viewer's pleasure. In a few instances, they are in presented in <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">ethnographic film</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formats and contain stories that involve humans and their relationships with the natural world, as in <i><a href="/wiki/Nanook_of_the_North" title="Nanook of the North">Nanook of the North</a></i> (1922), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Weeping_Camel" title="The Story of the Weeping Camel">The Story of the Weeping Camel</a></i> (2003), and <i><a href="/wiki/Grass:_A_Nation%27s_Battle_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass: A Nation's Battle for Life">Grass: A Nation's Battle for Life</a></i> (1925). </p><p>Although almost all have a human presenter, the role varies widely, ranging from explanatory <a href="/wiki/Voice-over" title="Voice-over">voice-overs</a> to extensive interaction or even confrontation with animals. </p><p>Most nature documentaries are made for television and are usually of 45 to 50 minutes duration,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but some are made as full-length cinematic presentations. </p><p>Such films include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Among_the_Great_Apes_with_Michelle_Yeoh" title="Among the Great Apes with Michelle Yeoh">Among the Great Apes with Michelle Yeoh</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals_Are_Beautiful_People" title="Animals Are Beautiful People">Animals Are Beautiful People</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang:_A_Drama_of_the_Wilderness" title="Chang: A Drama of the Wilderness">Chang: A Drama of the Wilderness</a> (1927)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coral_Reef_Adventure" title="Coral Reef Adventure">Coral Reef Adventure</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cove_(film)" title="The Cove (film)">The Cove</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encounters_at_the_End_of_the_World" title="Encounters at the End of the World">Encounters at the End of the World</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Man" title="Grizzly Man">Grizzly Man</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Paradises:_On_the_Track_of_Rare_Animals" title="The Last Paradises: On the Track of Rare Animals">The Last Paradises: On the Track of Rare Animals</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Leopard_Son&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Leopard Son (page does not exist)">The Leopard Son</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Desert" title="The Living Desert">The Living Desert</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Penguins" title="March of the Penguins">March of the Penguins</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microcosmos_(film)" title="Microcosmos (film)">Microcosmos</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharkwater" title="Sharkwater">Sharkwater</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_Shall_Not_Die" title="Serengeti Shall Not Die">Serengeti Shall Not Die</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_World" title="The Silent World">The Silent World</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Weeping_Camel" title="The Story of the Weeping Camel">The Story of the Weeping Camel</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grass_(1925_film)" title="Grass (1925 film)">Grass: A Nation's Battle for Life</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vanishing_Prairie" title="The Vanishing Prairie">The Vanishing Prairie</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Parrots_of_Telegraph_Hill" title="The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill">The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Wilderness_(film)" title="White Wilderness (film)">White Wilderness</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winged_Migration" title="Winged Migration">Winged Migration</a></i> (2001)</li></ul></div> <p>In addition, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Planet" title="The Blue Planet">The Blue Planet</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_(2006_TV_series)" title="Planet Earth (2006 TV series)">Planet Earth</a></i> series have both been adapted by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Worldwide" title="BBC Worldwide">BBC Worldwide</a> and Greenlight Media for theatrical release.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some cases, nature documentaries are produced in the <a href="/wiki/Short_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Short subject">short subject</a> form and are subsequently screened in theaters or broadcast on television. Often they are about the relationship between humans and nature. Notable examples include: </p> <ul><li><i>Agafia's Taiga Life</i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_(1958_film)" title="Grand Canyon (1958 film)">Grand Canyon</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Beaver_Valley" title="In Beaver Valley">In Beaver Valley</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i>The Land</i> (1942) 45-minute documentary made for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Plow_That_Broke_the_Plains" title="The Plow That Broke the Plains">The Plow That Broke the Plains</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_River_(1938_film)" title="The River (1938 film)">The River</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seal_Island_(film)" title="Seal Island (film)">Seal Island</a></i> (1948)</li></ul> <p>Every two years the <a href="/wiki/Wildscreen" title="Wildscreen">Wildscreen</a> Trust, of Bristol in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> presents the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panda_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panda Awards (page does not exist)">Panda Awards</a> for nature documentaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The "naturalness" of nature documentaries has been disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some, particularly those involving animals, have included footage of staged events that appear "natural" while actually contrived by filmmakers or occurring in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a famous example, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/White_Wilderness_(film)" title="White Wilderness (film)">White Wilderness</a></i> (1958), <a href="/wiki/Lemming" title="Lemming">lemmings</a> were herded to their deaths from a cliff by the filmmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples also occur in modern nature documentaries, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Kingdoms" title="Hidden Kingdoms">Hidden Kingdoms</a></i> (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Planet_II" title="Blue Planet II">Blue Planet II</a></i> (2017),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating that such practices are still routine.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the difficulties of recording sounds on locations, it is common for nature documentary makers to record sounds in post-production using <a href="/wiki/Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley</a> and to use <a href="/wiki/Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">sound effect</a> libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a> are also sometimes used to construct shots.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wild animals are often filmed over weeks or months, so the footage must be condensed to form a <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> that appears to take place over a short space of time.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such narratives are also constructed to be as compelling as possible—rather than necessarily as a reflection of reality—and make frequent use of voice-overs, combined with emotional and intense music to maximise the audience's engagement with the content.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One common technique is to follow the "story" of one particular animal, encouraging the audience to form an emotional connection with the subject and to root for their survival when they encounter a <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, David Attenborough stated:</p><blockquote><p>There is precious little that is natural … in any film. You distort speed if you want to show things like plants growing, or look in detail at the way an animal moves. You distort light levels. You distort distribution, in the sense that you see dozens of different species in a jungle within a few minutes, so that the places seem to be teeming with life. You distort size by using close-up lenses. And you distort sound. What the filmmaker is trying to do is to convey a particular experience. … The viewer has to trust in the good faith of the filmmaker.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Nature documentaries have been criticized for leaving viewers with the impression that wild animals survived and thrived after encounters with predators, even when they sustain potentially life-threatening injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also cut away from particularly violent encounters,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or attempt to downplay the <a href="/wiki/Wild_animal_suffering" title="Wild animal suffering">suffering</a> endured by the individual animal, by appealing to concepts such as the "<a href="/wiki/Balance_of_nature" title="Balance of nature">balance of nature</a>" and "the good of the herd".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_filmmakers">Notable filmmakers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable filmmakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the many notable filmmakers, scientists, and presenters who have contributed to the medium include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Algar" title="James Algar">James Algar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">Sir David Attenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Butler" title="Harry Butler">Harry Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Buchanan" title="Gordon Buchanan">Gordon Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brock" title="Richard Brock">Richard Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Corwin" title="Jeff Corwin">Jeff Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Durrell" title="Gerald Durrell">Gerald Durrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Fothergill" title="Alastair Fothergill">Alastair Fothergill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Robert Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_la_Fuente" title="Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente">Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Grzimek" title="Bernhard Grzimek">Bernhard Grzimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Haines" title="Tim Haines">Tim Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Irving" title="Judy Irving">Judy Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Irwin" title="Steve Irwin">Steve Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_van_Lawick" title="Hugo van Lawick">Hugo van Lawick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_James" title="Jasper James">Jasper James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Marven" title="Nigel Marven">Nigel Marven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_MacGillivray" title="Greg MacGillivray">Greg MacGillivray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McTaggart-Cowan" title="Ian McTaggart-Cowan">Ian McTaggart-Cowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Nightingale" title="Neil Nightingale">Neil Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Perkins" title="Marlin Perkins">Marlin Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Peterson" title="Coyote Peterson">Coyote Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Perrin" title="Jacques Perrin">Jacques Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louie_Psihoyos" title="Louie Psihoyos">Louie Psihoyos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Schuhmacher" title="Eugen Schuhmacher">Eugen Schuhmacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Sielmann" title="Heinz Sielmann">Heinz Sielmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Stouffer" title="Marty Stouffer">Marty Stouffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Strickson" title="Mark Strickson">Mark Strickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Suzuki" title="David Suzuki">David Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmik_Thapar" title="Valmik Thapar">Valmik Thapar</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_series">Notable series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sir_David_Attenborough">Sir David Attenborough</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sir David Attenborough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough_filmography" title="David Attenborough filmography">David Attenborough filmography</a></div> <p>Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a>'s contributions to conservation are widely regarded, and his television programs have been seen by millions of people throughout the world. Series narrated and/or presented by him include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Quest" title="Zoo Quest">Zoo Quest</a></i> (1954–1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Earth_(TV_series)" title="Life on Earth (TV series)">Life on Earth</a></i> (1979), 13 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Planet" title="The Living Planet">The Living Planet</a></i> (1984), 12 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trials_of_Life" title="The Trials of Life">The Trials of Life</a></i> (1990), 12 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_in_the_Freezer" title="Life in the Freezer">Life in the Freezer</a></i> (1993), 6 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Plants" title="The Private Life of Plants">The Private Life of Plants</a></i> (1995), 6 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Birds" title="The Life of Birds">The Life of Birds</a></i> (1998), 10 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Planet" title="The Blue Planet">The Blue Planet</a></i> (2001), 8 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Mammals" title="The Life of Mammals">The Life of Mammals</a></i> (2002), 10 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_in_the_Undergrowth" title="Life in the Undergrowth">Life in the Undergrowth</a></i> (2005), 5 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_(2006_TV_series)" title="Planet Earth (2006 TV series)">Planet Earth</a></i> (2006), 11 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_in_Cold_Blood" title="Life in Cold Blood">Life in Cold Blood</a></i> (2008), 5 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_(2009_TV_series)" title="Life (2009 TV series)">Life</a></i> (2009), 10 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Great_Events" title="Nature's Great Events">Nature's Great Events</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frozen_Planet" title="Frozen Planet">Frozen Planet</a></i> (2011), 7 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Plants_3D" title="Kingdom of Plants 3D">Kingdom of Plants 3D</a></i> (2012), 3 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough%27s_Conquest_of_the_Skies_3D" title="David Attenborough's Conquest of the Skies 3D">David Attenborough's Conquest of the Skies 3D</a></i> (2015), 3 episodes + Extra</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_II" title="Planet Earth II">Planet Earth II</a></i> (2016), 6 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Planet_II" title="Blue Planet II">Blue Planet II</a></i> (2017), 7 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Planet" title="Our Planet">Our Planet</a></i> (2019), 8 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Worlds,_One_Planet" title="Seven Worlds, One Planet">Seven Worlds, One Planet</a></i> (2019), 7 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Planet_(TV_series)" title="The Green Planet (TV series)">The Green Planet</a></i> (2022), 5 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Planet_(2022_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Planet (2022 TV series)">Prehistoric Planet</a></i> (2022), 5 episodes </li></ul></div> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_III" title="Planet Earth III">Planet Earth III</a></i> (2023), 8 episodes</li> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steve_Irwin">Steve Irwin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Steve Irwin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Steve_Irwin" title="Steve Irwin">Steve Irwin</a>'s documentaries, based on wildlife conservation and environmentalism, aired on <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet" title="Animal Planet">Animal Planet</a>. The series comprises: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crocodile_Hunter" title="The Crocodile Hunter">The Crocodile Hunter</a></i> (1992–2004), 74 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crocodile_Hunter:_Collision_Course" title="The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course">The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course</a></i> (2002)<i>, Movie</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Croc_Files" title="Croc Files">The Crocodile Hunter's Croc Files</a></i> (1999), 52 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crocodile_Hunter_Diaries" title="The Crocodile Hunter Diaries">The Crocodile Hunter Diaries</a></i> (2001–2003), 30 episodes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ocean%27s_Deadliest" title="Ocean's Deadliest">Ocean's Deadliest</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andes_to_Amazon" title="Andes to Amazon">Andes to Amazon</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Atlas" title="Animal Atlas">Animal Atlas</a></i> (2004–)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_on_the_Move_(TV_series)" title="Ark on the Move (TV series)">Ark on the Move</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Banded_Brothers" title="Banded Brothers">Banded Brothers</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bear_Family_%26_Me" title="The Bear Family & Me">The Bear Family & Me</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Cat_Diary" title="Big Cat Diary">Big Cat Week</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Isles_%E2%80%93_A_Natural_History" title="British Isles – A Natural History">British Isles – A Natural History</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corwin%27s_Quest" title="Corwin's Quest">Corwin's Quest</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet" title="Animal Planet">Animal Planet</a> 2005.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congo_(BBC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congo (BBC TV series)">Congo</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cousins_(TV_series)" title="Cousins (TV series)">Cousins</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Days_in_Monkey_City" title="Dark Days in Monkey City">Dark Days in Monkey City</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth:_The_Power_of_the_Planet" title="Earth: The Power of the Planet">Earth: The Power of the Planet</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthflight" title="Earthflight">Earthflight</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_to_Chimp_Eden" title="Escape to Chimp Eden">Escape to Chimp Eden</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe:_A_Natural_History" title="Europe: A Natural History">Europe: A Natural History</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyewitness_(British_TV_series)" title="Eyewitness (British TV series)">Eyewitness (British TV series)</a></i> (1994-1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Eden" title="The First Eden">The First Eden</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_Is_Wild" title="The Future Is Wild">The Future Is Wild</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Rift:_Africa%27s_Wild_Heart" title="The Great Rift: Africa's Wild Heart">The Great Rift: Africa's Wild Heart</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganges_(BBC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges (BBC TV series)">Ganges</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Migrations" title="Great Migrations">Great Migrations</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Wild_with_Jeff_Corwin" title="Going Wild with Jeff Corwin">Going Wild with Jeff Corwin</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Disney_Channel" title="Disney Channel">Disney Channel</a>, 1997–1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Hombre_y_la_Tierra" class="mw-redirect" title="El Hombre y la Tierra">El Hombre y la Tierra</a></i> (1974–1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_the_Earth_Was_Made" title="How the Earth Was Made">How the Earth Was Made</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_the_Universe_Works" title="How the Universe Works">How the Universe Works</a></i> (2010, 2012, 2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Animal_(TV_series)" title="The Human Animal (TV series)">The Human Animal</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Planet" title="Human Planet">Human Planet</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Womb" title="In the Womb">In the Womb</a></i> (2005–2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insectia" title="Insectia">Insectia</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inside_Life" title="Inside Life">Inside Life</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jeff_Corwin_Experience" title="The Jeff Corwin Experience">The Jeff Corwin Experience</a></i> (2001–2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journeys_to_the_Ends_of_the_Earth" title="Journeys to the Ends of the Earth">Journeys to the Ends of the Earth</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Jungle_(TV_series)" title="King of the Jungle (TV series)">King of the Jungle</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet" title="Animal Planet">Animal Planet</a>, 2003–2004)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Tiger" title="Land of the Tiger">Land of the Tiger</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_to_See" title="Last Chance to See">Last Chance to See</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lemur_Street" title="Lemur Street">Lemur Street</a></i> (2007–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Edens" title="The Living Edens">The Living Edens</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_(TV_series)" title="Madagascar (TV series)">Madagascar</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meerkat_Manor" title="Meerkat Manor">Meerkat Manor</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Extreme" title="The Most Extreme">The Most Extreme</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (TV series)">Nature</a></i> (1982–)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natural_World_(TV_series)" title="Natural World (TV series)">Natural World</a></i> (1983–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Things" title="The Nature of Things">The Nature of Things</a></i> (1960–)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Mysteries_with_Jeff_Corwin" title="Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin">Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, 2011–14)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oceans_(TV_series)" title="Oceans (TV series)">Oceans</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan_Diary" title="Orangutan Diary">Orangutan Diary</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan_Island" title="Orangutan Island">Orangutan Island</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Island_(TV_series)" title="Penguin Island (TV series)">Penguin Island</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth:_The_Future" title="Planet Earth: The Future">Planet Earth: The Future</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Really_Wild_Animals" title="Really Wild Animals">Really Wild Animals</a></i> (1993–98)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Really_Wild_Show" title="The Really Wild Show">The Really Wild Show</a></i> (1986–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Monsters" title="River Monsters">River Monsters</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Planet_Earth" title="Saving Planet Earth">Saving Planet Earth</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Rescue_(TV_show)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Rescue (TV show)">Sea Rescue</a></i> (2012–2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Life_of_Elephants" title="The Secret Life of Elephants">The Secret Life of Elephants</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(TV_series)" title="South Pacific (TV series)">South Pacific</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Planet" title="State of the Planet">State of the Planet</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stationary_Ark_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Stationary Ark (TV series)">The Stationary Ark</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Supernatural:_The_Unseen_Powers_of_Animals" title="Supernatural: The Unseen Powers of Animals">Supernatural: The Unseen Powers of Animals</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Survival_(TV_series)" title="Survival (TV series)">Survival</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_on_Science" title="Suzuki on Science">Suzuki on Science</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Nature" title="Weird Nature">Weird Nature</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Africa" title="Wild Africa">Wild Africa</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Caribbean" title="Wild Caribbean">Wild Caribbean</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Down_Under" title="Wild Down Under">Wild Down Under</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Kingdom" title="Wild Kingdom">Wild Kingdom</a></i> (1963–1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowstone (UK TV series)">Yellowstone</a></i> (2009)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_documentary_films" title="List of documentary films">List of documentary films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_insect_documentaries" title="List of insect documentaries">List of insect documentaries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bush, W. Stephen (1915) Wild Life in Films <i>The Moving Picture World</i> Vol 23 #10:1462-1463</li> <li>Gregg Mitman: <i>Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film</i> (Weyerhaeuser Environmental Classics), Paperback (Second Edition), Combined Academic Publishers, 2009, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-98886-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-98886-X">0-295-98886-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Palmer_(film_producer)" title="Chris Palmer (film producer)">Chris Palmer</a>: <i>Shooting in the Wild: An Insider's Account of Making Movies in the Animal Kingdom</i>, Sierra Club Books, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1578051487" title="Special:BookSources/1578051487">1578051487</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothman1997" class="citation book cs1">Rothman, William (January 1997). <i>Documentary Film Classics</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139172691" title="Special:BookSources/9781139172691"><bdi>9781139172691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documentary+Film+Classics&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997-01&rft.isbn=9781139172691&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANature+documentary" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/True-Life_Adventures" title="True-Life Adventures">True-Life Adventures</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0046299/"><i>Sesto Continente</i> as mentioned at the IMDB website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1956 <i>The Silent World</i> was released in three different countries: France (May 26, 1956), Japan (August 15, 1956) and the United States (September 24, 1956). See the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0049518/releaseinfo">release information page</a> at the IMDB website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/ian-mctaggart-cowan-bio-shines-light-on-pioneering-tv-nature-program-host-1.3271571">Ian McTaggart-Cowan bio shines light on pioneering TV nature program host</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://Historia.Nationalgeographic.com.es/a/Felix-Rodriguez-Fuente-divulgador-mas-mediatico_15162">"Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, el divulgador más mediático"</a>. 13 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%C3%A9lix+Rodr%C3%ADguez+de+la+Fuente%2C+el+divulgador+m%C3%A1s+medi%C3%A1tico&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoria.Nationalgeographic.com.es%2Fa%2FFelix-Rodriguez-Fuente-divulgador-mas-mediatico_15162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANature+documentary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic film</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/02_february/planet_earth_movie.shtml">BBC Press Office: <i>Planet Earth</i> set for movie release</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalnickMalnick2011" class="citation news cs1">Malnick, Robert; Malnick, Edward (2011-12-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8963053/BBC-accused-of-routine-fakery-in-wildlife-documentaries.html">"BBC accused of routine 'fakery' in wildlife documentaries"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on 2012-09-05.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_documentary&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightandshadow.tv/index.php">Light & Shadow Productions: German nature documentary company</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902123326/http://lightandshadow.tv/index.php">Archived</a> 2018-09-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midcoast.com.au/~psimon/">"The Mysterious Bee" An award winning documentary about Honey Bees</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120448/http://vimeo.com/25109845">Trouble in Lemur Land</a> – a professional 50 minute HD film about illegal rosewood logging in Madagascar and the impact on the silky sifaka lemur</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/category/nature-wildlife/">List of Nature Documentaries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/"><i>Nature</i> at BBC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/"><i>Nature</i> at PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/"><i>TV/Radio Programmes at BBC</i></a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=BwoleWw8q8c">Outdoors Country</a></i>, ca. 1957, Archives of Ontario YouTube Channel</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" 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