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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_green-water_to_blue-water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_green-water_to_blue-water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>From green-water to blue-water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_green-water_to_blue-water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morlu_uhelvor" title="Morlu uhelvor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Morlu uhelvor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochseemarine" title="Hochseemarine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hochseemarine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flota_de_alta_mar" title="Flota de alta mar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Flota de alta mar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="نیروی دریایی آب‌های آبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی دریایی آب‌های آبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_de_haute-mer" title="Marine de haute-mer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marine de haute-mer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%96%91%ED%95%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="대양해군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대양해군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_laut_perairan_biru" title="Angkatan laut perairan biru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan laut perairan biru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flotta_d%27alto_mare" title="Flotta d'alto mare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Flotta d'alto mare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_laut_lepas" title="Angkatan laut lepas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angkatan laut lepas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="外洋海軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="外洋海軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinha_de_alto_mar" title="Marinha de alto mar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marinha de alto mar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_e_uj%C3%ABrave_t%C3%AB_kaltra" title="Marina e ujërave të kaltra – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Marina e ujërave të kaltra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھێزی دەریاییی ئاوی شین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێزی دەریاییی ئاوی شین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="ஆழ்கடல் கடற்படை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆழ்கடல் கடற்படை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavi_su_donanmas%C4%B1" title="Mavi su donanması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mavi su donanması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Флот відкритого моря – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Флот відкритого моря" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_qu%C3%A2n_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_xanh_d%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hải quân nước xanh dương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hải quân nước xanh dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E6%B0%B4%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="藍水海軍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="藍水海軍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Naval force capable of operating across the deep waters of the open oceans</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rimpac_battlegroup_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rimpac_battlegroup_2006.jpg/350px-Rimpac_battlegroup_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rimpac_battlegroup_2006.jpg/525px-Rimpac_battlegroup_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rimpac_battlegroup_2006.jpg/700px-Rimpac_battlegroup_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Abraham_Lincoln_(CVN-72)" title="USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)">USS <i>Abraham Lincoln</i></a> leads a formation of ships from eight countries during the <a href="/wiki/Exercise_RIMPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise RIMPAC">Exercise RIMPAC</a> in July 2006.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></span><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war" title="Outline of war">outline</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:War,_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers,_artist._LCCN91480633_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="1076" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">castles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Revolution" title="Military Revolution">military revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_and_shot" title="Pike and shot">pike and shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">napoleonic warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen warfare</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense ministry">Defense ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_army" title="Regular army">Regular</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">Irregular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">Standing army</a> / <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Specialties:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman" title="Rifleman">Rifleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Recon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_diving" title="Military diving">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Comms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_pilot" title="Aircraft pilot">Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">Commissar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanized_infantry" title="Mechanized infantry">Mechanized</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Naval units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ships</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Air units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Combat systems:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo data computer</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Development:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">Basic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military manoeuvrers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat training">Combat training</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Aerospace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seabed_warfare" title="Seabed warfare">Seabed</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Air defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics#Cavalry_in_modern_warfare" title="Cavalry tactics">Air cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_robot" title="Military robot">Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic warfare">Electromagnetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_warfare" title="Submarine warfare">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Anti-aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-sub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">Convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_formation" title="Tactical formation">Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics" title="Naval tactics">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encirclement" title="Encirclement">Encirclement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_(military)" title="Investment (military)">Investment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screening_(tactical)" title="Screening (tactical)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">Special</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">Covert</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-access/area_denial" title="Anti-access/area denial">Anti-access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">Commerce raiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_Fort_Strategy" title="Empty Fort Strategy">Empty fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_strategy" title="Nuclear strategy">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy" title="Grand strategy">Grand strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken-backed_war_theory" title="Broken-backed war theory">Broken-backed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_war_(general_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold war (general term)">Cold war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_war" title="Colonial war">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest" title="Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divide_and_rule" title="Divide and rule">Divide and conquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_warfare" title="Economic warfare">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic warfare">Endemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">Fleet in being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_warfare" title="Irregular warfare">Irregular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_war" title="Limited war">Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network-centric_warfare" title="Network-centric warfare">Network-centric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_warfare" title="New generation warfare">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_rebellion" title="Princely rebellion">Princely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">Proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_war" title="Resource war">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_succession" title="War of succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">World war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_administration" title="Military administration">Administrative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_sociology" title="Military sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_responsibility" title="Area of responsibility">Area of responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_force" title="Economy of force">Economy of force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology and equipment</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">Personnel</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">counter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruit training">Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Specialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_the_military" title="Sexual harassment in the military">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_volunteers" title="List of foreign volunteers">foreign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_logistics" title="History of military logistics">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_economy" title="War economy">War economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Arms industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">Materiel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_supply-chain_management" title="Military supply-chain management">Supply-chain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_operating_base" title="Main operating base">MOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">FOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">Outpost</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss-of-strength_gradient" title="Loss-of-strength gradient">Loss-of-strength gradient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester%27s_laws" title="Lanchester's laws">Lanchester's laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Force_multiplication" title="Force multiplication">Force multiplication</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_war" title="Law of war">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Protocol" title="Geneva Protocol">Geneva Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Islamic rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant" title="Combatant">Lawful</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">Letter of marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfidy" title="Perfidy">Perfidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Private military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_volunteers" title="List of foreign volunteers">Foreign expatriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">Privateer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_laws_on_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish laws on war">Jewish laws on war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">Right of conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">Rules of engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_military_unit" title="Penal military unit">Penal military unit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_theory" title="Military theory">Theory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">Air supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_of_the_sea" title="Command of the sea">Command of the sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-spectrum_dominance" title="Full-spectrum dominance">Full-spectrum dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmatch" title="Overmatch">Overmatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unrestricted_Warfare" title="Unrestricted Warfare">Unrestricted Warfare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_war" title="Philosophy of war">Philosophy of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_dilemma" title="Security dilemma">Security dilemma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripwire_force" title="Tripwire force">Tripwire force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wargaming" title="Professional wargaming">Wargaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_simulation" title="Military simulation">Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Exercises</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_other_than_war" title="Military operations other than war">Non-warfare</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">Counter-insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_response" title="Disaster response">Disaster response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-zone_(international_relations)" title="Grey-zone (international relations)">Grey-zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_diplomacy" title="Gunboat diplomacy">Gunboat diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-intensity_conflict" title="Low-intensity conflict">Low-intensity conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_of_force" title="Show of force">Show of force</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tradition" title="Military tradition">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and 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href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms" title="List of established military terms">Military terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War" title="Template talk:War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>blue-water navy</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">maritime force</a> capable of operating globally, essentially across the deep waters of open <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While definitions of what actually constitutes such a force vary, there is a requirement for the ability to exercise <a href="/wiki/Command_of_the_sea" title="Command of the sea">sea control</a> at long range. </p><p>The term "blue-water navy" is a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_geography" title="Maritime geography">maritime geographical</a> term in contrast with "<a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">brown-water navy</a>" (littoral waters and near to shore) and "<a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">green-water navy</a>" (near to shore and open oceans). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Defense_Counterintelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency">Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency</a> of the United States has defined the blue-water navy as "a maritime force capable of sustained operation across the deep waters of open oceans. A blue-water navy allows a country to <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">project power</a> far from the home country and usually includes one or more aircraft carriers. Smaller blue-water navies are able to dispatch fewer vessels abroad for shorter periods of time."<sup id="cite_ref-DSS_Trend_Report_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSS_Trend_Report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attributes">Attributes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Attributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_001012-N-0000N-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Defense.gov_News_Photo_001012-N-0000N-001.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_001012-N-0000N-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Defense.gov_News_Photo_001012-N-0000N-001.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_001012-N-0000N-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Defense.gov_News_Photo_001012-N-0000N-001.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_001012-N-0000N-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2670" data-file-height="2003" /></a><figcaption>A blue-water navy still remains susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric threats</a>, an example being the <a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">USS <i>Cole</i> bombing</a> in October 2000.</figcaption></figure> <p>In public discourse, blue-water capability is identified with the operation of <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ships</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruisers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarines</a>. For instance, during the debate in the 1970s whether Australia should replace <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Melbourne_(R21)" title="HMAS Melbourne (R21)">HMAS <i>Melbourne</i></a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Navy_(Australia)" title="Chief of Navy (Australia)">chief of navy</a> claimed that if Australia did not replace her last aircraft carrier, she "would no longer have a blue-water navy".<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end Australia did not buy a new carrier, but former Parliamentary defence advisor Gary Brown could still claim in 2004 that her navy remained "an effective blue-water force".<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> is another example of a blue-water navy that had minimal carrier aviation, relying instead on submarines, missile-carrying surface ships, and long-range bombers based on land.<sup id="cite_ref-Cockburn1984_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cockburn1984-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A blue-water navy implies force protection from <a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">underwater warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">surface warfare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial warfare</a> threats and a sustainable logistic reach, allowing a persistent presence at long range. A hallmark of a true blue-water navy is the ability to conduct <a href="/wiki/Underway_replenishment" title="Underway replenishment">replenishment at sea</a> (RAS),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the commissioning of underway replenishment ships is a strong sign of a navy's blue-water ambitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Cole2001_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a blue-water navy can project sea control power into another nation's littoral waters, it remains susceptible to threats from less capable forces (<a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a>). Maintenance and logistics at range have high costs, and there might be a saturation advantage over a deployed force through the use of land-based air or <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">surface-to-surface missile</a> assets, <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric#Submarines" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric">diesel-electric submarines</a>, or asymmetric tactics with <a href="/wiki/Fast_attack_craft" title="Fast attack craft">fast attack craft</a> (FAC). An example of this vulnerability was the October 2000 <a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">USS <i>Cole</i> bombing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term 'blue-water navy' should not be confused with the capability of an individual ship. For example, vessels of a green-water navy can often operate in blue water for short periods of time. A number of nations have extensive maritime assets but lack the capability to maintain the required sustainable logistic reach.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of them join coalition task groups in blue-water deployments such as anti-piracy patrols off Somalia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitions">Definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a dictionary definition, blue-water capability refers to an oceangoing fleet able to operate on the <a href="/wiki/High_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="High seas">high seas</a> far from its nation's home ports. Some operate throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In their 2012 publication, "<i>Sea Power and the Asia-Pacific</i>", professors Geoffrey Till and Patrick C. Bratton outlined what they termed as "concise criteria" with regard to the definitions of brown-, green- and blue-water navies. Quote; "<i>...a brown-water navy standing for a navy capable of defending its coastal zones, a green-water navy for a navy competent to operate in regional sea and finally [a] blue-water navy described as a navy with capability to operate across the deep waters.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Bratton_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bratton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They go on to say that even with such a definition and understanding of naval hierarchy, it is still "ambiguous". For example, while France and the United States may be considered blue-water navies, he states that the "operational capability and geographic reach of both navies are definitely different."<sup id="cite_ref-Bratton_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bratton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another definition states that 'brown-water' refers to the littoral areas within 100 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> of the coastline. 'Green-water' begins from 100 nautical miles out to the next major land formation, while 'blue-water' is the ability to project force out to at least 1,500 nautical miles beyond the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally a distinction used to be made between a coastal <a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">brown-water navy</a> operating in the <a href="/wiki/Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral">littoral zone</a> to 200 nautical miles (or 370 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometres</a>) and an oceangoing blue-water navy. However, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> created a new term, <a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">green-water navy</a>, to replace the term 'brown-water navy' in US Navy parlance.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, a brown-water navy has come to be known as a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Maritime_geography#Riverine" title="Maritime geography">riverine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral</a> force. </p><p>Despite the above, however, there is no agreed definition of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-Michiko_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michiko-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification_and_naval_hierarchy">Classification and naval hierarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification and naval hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_(R33)_and_INS_Viraat_(R22)_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg/220px-Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg/330px-Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg/440px-Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> flotilla of Western Fleet escort <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS <i>Vikramaditya</i></a> (R33) and <a href="/wiki/INS_Viraat" title="INS Viraat">INS <i>Viraat</i></a> (R22) in the Arabian Sea; according to the Todd & Lindberg classification system, six navies are considered to be ranks 1-3 blue-water "multi-regional power projection" navies, capable of operating in multiple regions adjacent its own.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There have been many attempts by naval scholars and other authorities to classify world navies, including; Michael Morris,<sup id="cite_ref-classification_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classification-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British naval historians Eric Grove<sup id="cite_ref-classification_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classification-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Professor Geoffrey Till,<sup id="cite_ref-classification_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classification-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French strategist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herv%C3%A9_Coutau-B%C3%A9garie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hervé Coutau-Bégarie (page does not exist)">Hervé Coutau-Bégarie</a><sup id="cite_ref-classification_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classification-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and professors Daniel Todd and Michael Lindberg.<sup id="cite_ref-classification_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classification-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All identify basic common criteria for gauging the capability of navies, such as; total displacement and number of ships; modernity and power of weapons and systems; logistical and geographic reach with capacity for sustained operations; and the professional qualifications/disposition of sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-classification_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classification-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carriers_Cavour_(550)_-_Harry_S._Truman_(CVN-75)_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_(R91)_underway_in_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carriers_Cavour_%28550%29_-_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN-75%29_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_in_2013.JPG/220px-Carriers_Cavour_%28550%29_-_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN-75%29_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_in_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carriers_Cavour_%28550%29_-_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN-75%29_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_in_2013.JPG/330px-Carriers_Cavour_%28550%29_-_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN-75%29_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_in_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carriers_Cavour_%28550%29_-_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN-75%29_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_in_2013.JPG/440px-Carriers_Cavour_%28550%29_-_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN-75%29_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_in_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4693" data-file-height="3503" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Cavour" title="Italian aircraft carrier Cavour"><i>Cavour</i></a> (foreground) operating with <a href="/wiki/USS_Harry_S._Truman" title="USS Harry S. Truman"><i>Harry S. Truman</i></a> (middle) and <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle"><i>Charles de Gaulle</i></a> (background) in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a>, 2013 </figcaption></figure> <p>The table below shows the world naval hierarchy according to the classification system by professors Daniel Todd and Michael Lindberg.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their system originates from 1996<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and outlines ten ranks, distinguished by capability. Since then it has been used by various other experts to illustrate the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Howarth2006_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howarth2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Todd and Lindberg, a "blue-water navy" is one that can project any sort of power beyond its own territorial waters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Howarth2006_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howarth2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However they used the principle of <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_Strength_Gradient" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of Strength Gradient">loss of strength gradient</a> and other criteria to distinguish navies by capability under the four "blue-water" ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Howarth2006_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howarth2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six ranks of "Non blue-water navies" can be further broken down into "green-water" and "brown-water navies", and according to Todd and Lindberg, these are navies only capable of operating as coastal defence forces, coast guards or riverine forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Howarth2006_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howarth2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>World Naval Hierarchy, according to the Todd & Lindberg classification system (c.2015)<sup id="cite_ref-Bratton_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bratton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Designation </th> <th>Capabilities </th> <th>Navies </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Blue-water navies </th> <td>1</td> <td>Global-reach<br />power projection</td> <td>Multiple and sustained power projection missions globally</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Limited global-reach<br />power projection</td> <td>At least one major power projection operation globally</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">United Kingdom</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Multi-regional<br />power projection</td> <td>Power projection to regions adjacent to its own</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Regional<br />power projection</td> <td>Limited range power projection beyond <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> (EEZ)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="Republic of Korea Navy">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Navy" title="Egyptian Navy">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Non blue-water: green-water navies </th> <td>5</td> <td>Regional offshore<br />coastal defence</td> <td>Coastal defence within and slightly beyond EEZ</td> <td>Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Israel, Singapore, Pakistan and others </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Inshore<br />coastal defence</td> <td>Coastal defence confined to inner EEZ</td> <td>North Korea, Myanmar, Brunei, Sri Lanka, Sweden<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Non blue-water: brown-water navies </th> <td>7</td> <td>Regional offshore<br />constabulary</td> <td>Maritime policing within and slightly beyond EEZ</td> <td>Iceland, Ireland, Tunisia, Estonia, Iraq, and others </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Inshore<br />constabulary</td> <td>Maritime policing confined well within EEZ</td> <td>Cambodia, Cyprus, the Philippines, and others </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Inland waterway<br />riverine</td> <td>Riverine defence of landlocked states</td> <td>Bolivia, Paraguay, Burundi, and many others </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Token navy<br />riverine</td> <td>Very basic constabulary if at all</td> <td>Many examples worldwide </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_basing">Overseas basing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Overseas basing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Unsinkable_aircraft_carrier" title="Unsinkable aircraft carrier">Unsinkable aircraft carrier</a></div> <p>Historically, and to present day, blue-water navies have tended to establish overseas bases to extend the reach of supply lines, provide repair facilities and enhance the "effective striking power" of a fleet beyond the capabilities provided by the nation's <a href="/wiki/Home_port#Navy" title="Home port">homeports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Milan_N._Vego_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milan_N._Vego-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, these overseas bases are located within areas where potential conflicts or threats to the nation's interests may arise. For example, since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> have continued to base forces in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> for operations in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Milan_N._Vego_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milan_N._Vego-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military importance and value of overseas basing is primarily dependent on geographical location. A base located at <a href="/wiki/Choke_point" title="Choke point">choke points</a> in narrow or enclosed seas can be of high value, especially if positioned near, or within striking distance of an enemy's <a href="/wiki/Sea_lines_of_communication" title="Sea lines of communication">sea lines of communications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Milan_N._Vego_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milan_N._Vego-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However advanced operating bases (<i>or</i> forward operating bases) can be equally as valuable. <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor" title="Naval Station Pearl Harbor">Naval Station Pearl Harbor</a> acts as a "gateway" for the US Navy to "operate forward" in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are examples of navies that have been described by various defense experts or academics as being blue-water navies. Some have successfully used their blue-water capabilities to exercise control on the high seas and from there have projected power into other nations' <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral waters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trident_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trident-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is no agreed upon definition among authorities as to what constitutes a blue-water navy.<sup id="cite_ref-Michiko_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michiko-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_Carrier_Liaoning_CV-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aircraft_Carrier_Liaoning_CV-16.jpg/220px-Aircraft_Carrier_Liaoning_CV-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aircraft_Carrier_Liaoning_CV-16.jpg/330px-Aircraft_Carrier_Liaoning_CV-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aircraft_Carrier_Liaoning_CV-16.jpg/440px-Aircraft_Carrier_Liaoning_CV-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Chinese aircraft carrier <i>Liaoning</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a> (PLAN) is subject to a variety of assessments regarding its capabilities. China's ambition towards blue-water capability received much attention, particularly from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a><sup id="cite_ref-China_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-US_DOD_Report_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_DOD_Report-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with both acknowledging that China's primary aim was to project power in the <a href="/wiki/Island_chain_strategy" title="Island chain strategy">First and Second island chains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-US_DOD_Report_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_DOD_Report-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2013 report to Congress, defense experts also asserted that over the coming decades, China would gain the capability to project power across the globe – similar to Britain's 1982 <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-US_DOD_Report_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_DOD_Report-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Todd and Lindberg's classification system, the PLAN was a rank four "regional power projection navy".<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2008, the PLAN has conducted anti-piracy missions in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a> on a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy#2008_anti-piracy_operations" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">continuous basis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_De_Gaulle_(R91)_underway_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg/220px-Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg/330px-Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg/440px-Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>French aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle"><i>Charles de Gaulle</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> is recognised as being a blue-water navy by various experts and academics.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_A"><a href="#endnote_A">[A]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bratton_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bratton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trident_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trident-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to professors Daniel Todd and Michael Lindberg, the French Navy is a rank two "limited global-reach power projection navy".<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The navy operates a single nuclear-powered aircraft carrier (<a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle"><i>Charles de Gaulle</i></a>) which forms the centrepiece of the Navy's principal expeditionary task group (known as the Aeronaval Group). In addition to this, the navy maintains a secondary Amphibious Group (known as Le Groupe Amphibie) based around the <a href="/wiki/Mistral-class_amphibious_assault_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistral-class amphibious assault ship"><i>Mistral</i>-class amphibious assault ships</a>. Both these formations are part of the <a href="/wiki/Force_d%27action_navale" class="mw-redirect" title="Force d'action navale">Force d'action navale</a> (or Naval Action Force). The '<a href="/wiki/Submarine_forces_(France)" title="Submarine forces (France)"><i>Forces sous-marines</i></a>' operates four nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Triomphant-class_submarine" title="Triomphant-class submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a> and six nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Fleet_submarine" title="Fleet submarine">fleet submarines</a>. France retains a network of overseas naval facilities around the world; from <a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort de France</a> in the Caribbean, to <a href="/wiki/Le_Port,_R%C3%A9union" title="Le Port, Réunion">Le Port, Réunion</a> in the Indian Ocean, <a href="/wiki/Papeete" title="Papeete">Papeete</a> in the Pacific and in several other parts of the world too, including the Gulf, South Atlantic and the Western Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The navy's operational duties include the protection of French interests abroad and the security of the nation's many <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas departments and territories of France">overseas departments and territories</a>, as such the Navy undertakes a number of <a href="/wiki/Standing_French_Navy_Deployments" title="Standing French Navy Deployments">standing commitments</a> worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Vikrant_(R11)_and_INS_Vikramaditya_(R33)_with_the_carrier_battle_group.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_with_the_carrier_battle_group.jpg/220px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_with_the_carrier_battle_group.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_with_the_carrier_battle_group.jpg/330px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_with_the_carrier_battle_group.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_with_the_carrier_battle_group.jpg/440px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_with_the_carrier_battle_group.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Indian aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS Vikramaditya</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a> with the carrier battle group sailing together</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> is unique among Asian navies due to its long experience in carrier power projection since 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-George-Gilboy_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George-Gilboy-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, according to Dr. George J. Gilboy and political scientist Eric Heginbotham, gives the Indian Navy the "leading power projection capability in the region".<sup id="cite_ref-George-Gilboy_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George-Gilboy-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian Navy is also the only Asian navy considered to be a rank three "multi-regional power projection navy" per Todd and Lindberg's classification system.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his discussion paper for Consultancy Africa Intelligence, Greg Ryan asserts that in recent years, the Indian Navy has emerged as a "global power in the blue water sense".<sup id="cite_ref-CAI_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAI-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India initially outlined its intentions of developing blue-water capabilities under the 2007 <i>Maritime Capabilities Perspective Plan</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-India_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-India1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the navy's priority being the projection of "power in India's area of strategic interest", the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> Region.<sup id="cite_ref-wcmp_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcmp-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2007 the navy has increased its presence in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>, and routinely conducts <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Somalia#Military_presence" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in Somalia">anti-piracy</a> operations and partnership building with <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association_for_Regional_Co-operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Co-operation">other navies</a> in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also conducts routine two to three month-long deployments in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China seas</a> as well as the western <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The navy has a listening post in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India inducted its first aircraft carrier in 1961, and the navy has ever since operated two independent carrier task forces. After <a href="/wiki/INS_Viraat" title="INS Viraat">INS <i>Viraat</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a> were decommissioned, the country's strike force currently centers on the two carrier battle groups: <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS <i>Vikramaditya</i></a>, and a new indigenous aircraft carrier, <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a> commissioned in September 2022, restoring India's two-carrier capability. The Indian Navy also possesses an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">amphibious transport dock</a>, <a href="/wiki/INS_Jalashwa_(L41)" title="INS Jalashwa (L41)">INS <i>Jalashwa</i></a>, and currently operates 2 <a href="/wiki/Arihant-class_submarine" title="Arihant-class submarine"><i>Arihant</i>-class</a> indigenously developed nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine with two more under construction, along with leasing one <a href="/wiki/Akula-class_submarine" title="Akula-class submarine"><i>Akula</i>-class</a> nuclear-powered attack submarine and has many more ships of different types planned or under construction. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cavour_Napoli_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cavour_Napoli_2010.jpg/220px-Cavour_Napoli_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cavour_Napoli_2010.jpg/330px-Cavour_Napoli_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cavour_Napoli_2010.jpg/440px-Cavour_Napoli_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Italian aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Cavour" title="Italian aircraft carrier Cavour"><i>Cavour</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italian Navy</a> was categorised as a "regional blue-water navy" in <a href="/wiki/Liu_Huaqing" title="Liu Huaqing">Liu Huaqing</a>'s Memoirs (1994),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a rank three "multi regional power projection navy" by Professors Daniel Todd and Michael Lindberg in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the former 1989 publication "<i>The Atlantic Alliance and the Middle East</i>", Joseph I. Coffey asserted that Italy's blue-water capabilities didn't extend beyond the Mediterranean sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Coffey_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffey-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the navy possesses two <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Cavour" title="Italian aircraft carrier Cavour"><i>Cavour</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi"><i>Giuseppe Garibaldi</i></a>), another one to be commissioned in 2024, as well as a modern fleet of surface combatants and submarines.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Marina Militare routinely deploys to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> as part of multinational anti-piracy missions such as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield" title="Operation Ocean Shield">Operation Ocean Shield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is capable of deploying a carrier battle group in support of NATO or EU operations such as during <a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom#.Italy" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> (2001) and <a href="/wiki/EU_Navfor_Med" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Navfor Med">EU Navfor Med</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a>). In 2015 scholar Sarah Kirchberger mentioned Italy as a blue-water navy capable of operating in the high seas far from its home.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of June 2024 the Italian Navy has deployed a Carrier Strike Group, based on the Cavour (CVH 550) STOVL aircraft carrier (with <a href="/wiki/F-35" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35">F-35</a>B on board), for a five-months deployment to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region, reaching <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. Italian Navy will also participate to the <a href="/wiki/Exercise_RIMPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise RIMPAC">Exercise RIMPAC</a>, the world's largest international maritime warfare exercise. This is an indisputable evidence of the top level capabilities reached by the Italian Navy, which place the same at the level of the Royal Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg/220px-Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg/330px-Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg/440px-Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption>Russian aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Russian_aircraft_carrier_Admiral_Kuznetsov" title="Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov"><i>Admiral Kuznetsov</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> maintained naval forces able to rival those of the United States; however, following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> experienced a severe decline due to lack of funding.<sup id="cite_ref-Austin_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1990s, there was little tangible evidence of Russian blue-water capability.<sup id="cite_ref-Austin_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It wasn't until 2007, under President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, that "naval ambition broadened in scope and aimed at re-creating a large blue-water navy".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the Russian Navy is considered to be a rank 3 "multi-regional power projection navy" by Todd and Lindberg's classification system.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian Navy has also been described as a blue-water navy by British naval historian Professor Geoffrey Till.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/UK_Carrier_Strike_Group" title="UK Carrier Strike Group">UK Carrier Strike Group</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_Carrier_Strike_Group_during_Westlant_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_Carrier_Strike_Group_during_Westlant_19.jpg/220px-HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_Carrier_Strike_Group_during_Westlant_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_Carrier_Strike_Group_during_Westlant_19.jpg/330px-HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_Carrier_Strike_Group_during_Westlant_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_Carrier_Strike_Group_during_Westlant_19.jpg/440px-HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_Carrier_Strike_Group_during_Westlant_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2965" data-file-height="1673" /></a><figcaption>Aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_(R08)" title="HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08)">HMS <i>Queen Elizabeth</i></a> and her <a href="/wiki/Carrier_Strike_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier Strike Group">Carrier Strike Group</a> during Exercise Westlant 19</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> is considered to be a blue-water navy by naval experts and academics. This position is likely to be further cemented with the introduction of two new <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier"><i>Queen Elizabeth</i>-class aircraft carriers</a>, eighteen new frigates (8 <a href="/wiki/Type_26_frigate" title="Type 26 frigate">Type 26</a>, 5 <a href="/wiki/Type_31_frigate" title="Type 31 frigate">Type 31</a>, and 5 <a href="/wiki/Type_32_frigate" title="Type 32 frigate">Type 32</a>), and other warships currently being procured.<sup id="cite_ref-Trident_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trident-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_A"><a href="#endnote_A">[A]</a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_B"><a href="#endnote_B">[B]</a></sup> A term used commonly in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> is that the Royal Navy maintains a maritime <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">expeditionary</a> capability.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Todd and Lindberg's classification system, the Royal Navy is a rank two "limited global-reach power projection navy".<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Navy supports a number of <a href="/wiki/Standing_Royal_Navy_deployments" title="Standing Royal Navy deployments">standing commitments</a> worldwide on a continuous basis and maintains an expeditionary task force known as the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Expeditionary_Force_(Maritime)" title="Joint Expeditionary Force (Maritime)">Joint Expeditionary Force (Maritime)</a> (JEF (M)).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Submarine_Service" title="Royal Navy Submarine Service">Royal Navy Submarine Service</a> operates four <a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i>-class</a> nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines and seven nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Astute-class_submarine" title="Astute-class submarine"><i>Astute</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar-class_submarine" title="Trafalgar-class submarine"><i>Trafalgar</i> class</a> <a href="/wiki/Fleet_submarine" title="Fleet submarine">fleet submarines</a> which operate globally.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary" title="Royal Fleet Auxiliary">Royal Fleet Auxiliary</a> (RFA) maintains a number of ships which support Royal Navy operations globally by resupplying personnel, food, water, armament and fuel to their ships. The RFA also augment the Royal Navy's amphibious landing capabilities by operating the <a href="/wiki/Bay-class_landing_ship" title="Bay-class landing ship">Bay class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Kingdom maintains five overseas naval facilities, including a naval support facility, named the <a href="/wiki/British_Defence_Singapore_Support_Unit" title="British Defence Singapore Support Unit">British Defence Singapore Support Unit</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sembawang" title="Sembawang">Sembawang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-europarl_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europarl-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">U.S. Naval War College</a> identifies the Royal Navy's tasks as fighting wars, conducting distant expeditions, maintaining good order at sea and preventing and deterring conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-USNWC_Geoffrey_Till_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNWC_Geoffrey_Till-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the Navy views the retention of its "world-class" high-end disciplines in anti-air and anti-submarine warfare as strategically important.<sup id="cite_ref-USNWC_Geoffrey_Till_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNWC_Geoffrey_Till-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Navy has shown many examples of its expeditionary capabilities<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_C"><a href="#endnote_C">[C]</a></sup> since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, the 1990–91 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_military_intervention_in_the_Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USNWC_Geoffrey_Till_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNWC_Geoffrey_Till-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Nimitz_in_Victoria_Canada_036.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/USS_Nimitz_in_Victoria_Canada_036.jpg/220px-USS_Nimitz_in_Victoria_Canada_036.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/USS_Nimitz_in_Victoria_Canada_036.jpg/330px-USS_Nimitz_in_Victoria_Canada_036.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/USS_Nimitz_in_Victoria_Canada_036.jpg/440px-USS_Nimitz_in_Victoria_Canada_036.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>United States Navy <a href="/wiki/Supercarrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercarrier">supercarrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Nimitz" title="USS Nimitz">USS <i>Nimitz</i></a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_America_(LHA-6)_off_Rio_de_Janeiro_in_August_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/USS_America_%28LHA-6%29_off_Rio_de_Janeiro_in_August_2014.JPG/220px-USS_America_%28LHA-6%29_off_Rio_de_Janeiro_in_August_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/USS_America_%28LHA-6%29_off_Rio_de_Janeiro_in_August_2014.JPG/330px-USS_America_%28LHA-6%29_off_Rio_de_Janeiro_in_August_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/USS_America_%28LHA-6%29_off_Rio_de_Janeiro_in_August_2014.JPG/440px-USS_America_%28LHA-6%29_off_Rio_de_Janeiro_in_August_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4117" data-file-height="2648" /></a><figcaption>United States Navy <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_assault_ship" title="Amphibious assault ship">amphibious assault ship</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_America_(LHA-6)" title="USS America (LHA-6)">USS <i>America</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> is considered a blue-water navy by experts and academics.<sup id="cite_ref-Bratton_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bratton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trident_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trident-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is distinguished from other power projection navies in that it is considered a global blue-water navy, able to operate in the deep waters of every ocean simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Todd and Lindberg's classification system, the United States Navy is a rank one "global-reach power projection navy", and the only navy to occupy this rank.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The USN maintains eleven <a href="/wiki/Carrier_strike_group" title="Carrier strike group">carrier strike groups</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (centered on the <a href="/wiki/Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Nimitz-class aircraft carrier"><i>Nimitz</i>-class aircraft carrier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier"><i>Gerald R. Ford</i>-class aircraft carriers</a>), of which six are deployed or ready for deployment within 30 days, and two ready for deployment within 90 days under the Fleet Response Plan (FRP). The USN also maintains a continuous deployment of nine <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_strike_group" title="Expeditionary strike group">expeditionary strike groups</a> that embark a <a href="/wiki/Marine_Expeditionary_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Expeditionary Unit">Marine Expeditionary Unit</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Combat_Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Combat Element">Aviation Combat Element</a> on <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_amphibious_warfare_ships" title="List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships">amphibious warfare ships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US <a href="/wiki/Military_Sealift_Command" title="Military Sealift Command">Military Sealift Command</a> is the largest of its kind in the world and is responsible for delivering military transport and ship replenishment around the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US Navy has shown countless examples of its blue-water combat capabilities and has the ability to <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">project force</a> onto the <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral regions</a> of the world, engage in forward areas during peacetime, and rapidly respond to regional crises. Some examples of such are <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a>, while not technically a navy, is also a blue-water naval force capable of deploying to waters throughout the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="From_green-water_to_blue-water">From green-water to blue-water</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: From green-water to blue-water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green-water navy</a></div> <p>Some green-water navies have ambitions towards the development of blue-water capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Michiko_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michiko-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skaridov_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skaridov-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC_F-35B_conducting_a_vertical_landing_aboard_the_JS_Izumo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USMC_F-35B_conducting_a_vertical_landing_aboard_the_JS_Izumo.jpg/220px-USMC_F-35B_conducting_a_vertical_landing_aboard_the_JS_Izumo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USMC_F-35B_conducting_a_vertical_landing_aboard_the_JS_Izumo.jpg/330px-USMC_F-35B_conducting_a_vertical_landing_aboard_the_JS_Izumo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USMC_F-35B_conducting_a_vertical_landing_aboard_the_JS_Izumo.jpg/440px-USMC_F-35B_conducting_a_vertical_landing_aboard_the_JS_Izumo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5451" data-file-height="3634" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II#F-35B" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35B</a> conducting a vertical landing aboard <a href="/wiki/JS_Izumo" title="JS Izumo">JS <i>Izumo</i></a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_(L-400)_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_1.jpg/220px-Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_1.jpg/330px-Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_1.jpg/440px-Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/TCG_Anadolu" title="TCG Anadolu">TCG <i>Anadolu</i> (L-400)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/TF2000-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="TF2000-class destroyer">TF2000-class destroyers</a> will provide blue-water operational capabilities for the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Turkish Navy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma" class="mw-redirect" title="Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma">Baykar MIUS Kızılelma</a> is a jet-engined <a href="/wiki/UCAV" class="mw-redirect" title="UCAV">UCAV</a> designed to operate on TCG <i>Anadolu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baykar_MIUS_Official_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baykar_MIUS_Official-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its maiden flight took place on December 14, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>While considered to be a green-water navy,<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a> is undergoing transition to develop blue-water capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatou_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatou-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SLOC_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLOC-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began in 1981 when <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Zenk%C5%8D_Suzuki" title="Zenkō Suzuki">Zenkō Suzuki</a> put forward a new doctrine requiring the JMSDF to expand its operations by 1,000 miles for defense of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Sea_lines_of_communication" title="Sea lines of communication">sea lines of communication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatou_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatou-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SLOC_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLOC-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To respond to the growing blue-water requirements, the JMSDF has been developing impressive capabilities, most notably the creation of destroyer flotillas centered on large helicopter destroyers (such as the <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%ABga-class_helicopter_destroyer" title="Hyūga-class helicopter destroyer"><i>Hyūga</i>-class helicopter carrier</a>) and large <a href="/wiki/Aegis_Combat_System" title="Aegis Combat System">Aegis</a>-equipped destroyers.<sup id="cite_ref-Koda2011_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koda2011-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Japanese post-WWII overseas naval air facility was established next to <a href="/wiki/Djibouti-Ambouli_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport">Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport</a>; it supports a number of <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">Lockheed P-3 Orion</a> maritime patrol aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was then decided to operate F-35B fighters on board the <a href="/wiki/Izumo-class_multi-purpose_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Izumo-class multi-purpose destroyer"><i>Izumo</i>-class</a>, a development of the <i>Hyūga</i>-class, and by July 2021 <a href="/wiki/JS_Izumo" title="JS Izumo">JS <i>Izumo</i></a> had completed modifications for this purpose,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by an operational test using the U.S. Marine Corps F-35B in October.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="Republic of Korea Navy">Republic of Korea Navy</a> also has ambitions to develop blue-water capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2001_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2001-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, the South Korean President, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a>, announced plans to build a "Strategic Mobile Fleet".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2001_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2001-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan includes the construction of up to three <a href="/wiki/Dokdo-class_amphibious_assault_ship" title="Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship"><i>Dokdo</i>-class amphibious assault ships</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Flight_deck#Ski-jump_ramp" title="Flight deck">ski-jump</a> for the operation of <a href="/wiki/V/STOL" title="V/STOL">V/STOL</a> jet fighters being considered for the second vessel currently under construction.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 December 2021 the National Assembly passed the budget to fund a fixed-wing aircraft carrier tentatively named <a href="/wiki/CVX-class_aircraft_carrier" title="CVX-class aircraft carrier">CVX-class aircraft carrier</a> capable of operating F35B, expected to enter operations possibly as early as 2033.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yna1_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yna1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> is experiencing a "shift in maritime priorities" with ambitions of developing a blue-water navy.<sup id="cite_ref-Brazil1_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brazil1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the navy maintains a mix of capabilities enabling it to operate in the wider South Atlantic Ocean, the Brazilian government wishes to be recognized as "the leading maritime power in the Southern Hemisphere" and is seeking to develop a modern naval shipbuilding industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Brazil1_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brazil1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Iranian Navy</a> aims to develop blue-water capabilities: in July 2016, it announced plans to establish a presence in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fas.org_2016_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas.org_2016-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as of May 2021 has sent ships into the region.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Iran_Primer_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Iran_Primer-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_geography" title="Maritime geography">Maritime geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>A. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_A"><b><a href="#ref_A">^</a></b></span> Professor of International Politics, Adrian Hyde-Price, highlights that in the post-<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> era both Britain and France have re-focused their attention "towards <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">expeditionary warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">power projection</a>. Power projection has always been an element of British and French military thinking given their residual overseas interests, but it has now moved centre stage."<sup id="cite_ref-France&UK_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France&UK-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>B. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_B"><b><a href="#ref_B">^</a></b></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a> (Occasional Paper, September 2013): "As a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent member of the UN Security Council</a>, the independent ability to deploy a credible and powerful conventional force that enables access to most of the globe by sea is compelling. This force offers Britain the opportunity to commit political support in emerging crises to deter, prevent, coerce or – if necessary – destroy an aggressor, as envisaged in the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Strategy_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Security Strategy (United Kingdom)">UK's National Security Strategy (NSS)</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-RUSI2014_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUSI2014-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>C. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_C"><b><a href="#ref_C">^</a></b></span> The Royal Navy does not typically use the term <i>blue-water navy</i>, but rather the term <i>expeditionary</i>. "The Navy is always expeditionary and is able to deal with threats to our nation's interest at range."<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Navy_2014_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Navy_2014-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225005304/http://www.da.mod.uk/colleges/jscsc/courses/RND/bmd">"British Maritime Doctrine, BR 1806, Third Edition"</a>. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.da.mod.uk/colleges/jscsc/courses/RND/bmd">the original</a> on 2014-02-25. <q>The operating areas of maritime forces range from the deep waters of the open oceans (known colloquially as blue water).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Maritime+Doctrine%2C+BR+1806%2C+Third+Edition&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.da.mod.uk%2Fcolleges%2Fjscsc%2Fcourses%2FRND%2Fbmd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSS_Trend_Report-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DSS_Trend_Report_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915162319/http://www.dss.mil/counterintel/DSS_UNCLASS_2010/specialFocusArea/special.html">"Special Focus Area: Marine Sensors"</a>. <i>Targeting U.S. Technologies: A Trend Analysis of Reporting from Defense Industry</i>. Defense Security Service (United States Department of Defense). 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dss.mil/counterintel/DSS_UNCLASS_2010/specialFocusArea/special.html">the original</a> on September 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Targeting+U.S.+Technologies%3A+A+Trend+Analysis+of+Reporting+from+Defense+Industry&rft.atitle=Special+Focus+Area%3A+Marine+Sensors&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dss.mil%2Fcounterintel%2FDSS_UNCLASS_2010%2FspecialFocusArea%2Fspecial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation cs2">Brown, Gary (31 March 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=2104">"Why buy Abrams Tanks? We need to look at more appropriate options"</a>, <i>On Line Opinion</i>, The National Forum</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+Line+Opinion&rft.atitle=Why+buy+Abrams+Tanks%3F+We+need+to+look+at+more+appropriate+options&rft.date=2004-03-31&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlineopinion.com.au%2Fview.asp%3Farticle%3D2104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cockburn1984-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cockburn1984_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Cockburn1984" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Cockburn (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5vjyAAAAMAAJ"><i>The threat: inside the Soviet military machine</i></a>. Vintage Books. p. 408. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-72379-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-72379-2"><bdi>978-0-394-72379-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>. <q>in the past 15 years the Soviet Navy has steadily grown from a coastal defense force into a blue water navy powerful enough to challenge the US Navy in most major ocean areas of the world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+threat%3A+inside+the+Soviet+military+machine&rft.pages=408&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-394-72379-2&rft.au=Andrew+Cockburn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5vjyAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler2000" class="citation cs2">Winkler, David Frank (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2pDfAAAAMAAJ&q=true+blue-water"><i>Cold war at sea: high-seas confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union</i></a>, Naval Institute Press, p. 32, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-955-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-955-0"><bdi>978-1-55750-955-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+war+at+sea%3A+high-seas+confrontation+between+the+United+States+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-955-0&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=David+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2pDfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dtrue%2Bblue-water&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cole2001-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cole2001_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2001" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Bernard D. (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatwallatseach0000cole"><i>The Great Wall at Sea: China's Navy Enters the Twenty-First Century</i></a></span>. Naval Institute Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatwallatseach0000cole/page/104">104</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-239-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-239-1"><bdi>978-1-55750-239-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Wall+at+Sea%3A+China%27s+Navy+Enters+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-239-1&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Bernard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatwallatseach0000cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRob_van_Heijster2005" class="citation web cs1">Rob van Heijster (April 6, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://proceedings.ndia.org/5560/Wednesday/Session_III-A/Heijster.pdf">"Smart Range of Burst fuzes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. TNO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smart+Range+of+Burst+fuzes&rft.pub=TNO&rft.date=2005-04-06&rft.au=Rob+van+Heijster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproceedings.ndia.org%2F5560%2FWednesday%2FSession_III-A%2FHeijster.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070116024340/http://www.defense-update.com/newscast/0107/news/110107_fiac.htm">"Protecting Naval Surface Ships from Fast Attack Boat Swarm Threats"</a>. defense-update.com. January 10, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense-update.com/newscast/0107/news/110107_fiac.htm">the original</a> on 2007-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protecting+Naval+Surface+Ships+from+Fast+Attack+Boat+Swarm+Threats&rft.pub=defense-update.com&rft.date=2007-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense-update.com%2Fnewscast%2F0107%2Fnews%2F110107_fiac.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTill2013" class="citation book cs1">Till, Geoffrey (15 August 2013). <i>Naval Modernisation in South-East Asia: Nature, Causes and Consequences</i>. London: Routledge. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135953942" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135953942"><bdi>978-1135953942</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Modernisation+in+South-East+Asia%3A+Nature%2C+Causes+and+Consequences&rft.place=London&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1135953942&rft.aulast=Till&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/blue-water">Dictionary: Blue-water</a>, dictionary.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bratton-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bratton_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bratton_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bratton_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bratton_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bratton_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrattonTill2012" class="citation book cs1">Bratton, Patrick C; Till, Geoffrey (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RxOpAgAAQBAJ"><i>Sea Power and the Asia-Pacific</i></a>. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136627248" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136627248"><bdi>978-1136627248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sea+Power+and+the+Asia-Pacific&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1136627248&rft.aulast=Bratton&rft.aufirst=Patrick+C&rft.au=Till%2C+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRxOpAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAthwal2007" class="citation book cs1">Athwal, Amardeep (10 Oct 2007). <i>China-India Relations: Contemporary Dynamics</i>. London: Routledge. p. 131, note 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134074662" title="Special:BookSources/9781134074662"><bdi>9781134074662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China-India+Relations%3A+Contemporary+Dynamics&rft.place=London&rft.pages=131%2C+note+12&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-10-10&rft.isbn=9781134074662&rft.aulast=Athwal&rft.aufirst=Amardeep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015040114/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/mullen/speeches/mullen051013.txt">"Q&A with Adm. Michael G. Mullen 2006 CNO's Guidance Release Media Roundtable Pentagon"</a>. Washington, DC: US Navy. 13 October 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/mullen/speeches/mullen051013.txt">the original</a> on 15 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q%26A+with+Adm.+Michael+G.+Mullen+2006+CNO%27s+Guidance+Release+Media+Roundtable+Pentagon&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=US+Navy&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navy.mil%2Fnavydata%2Fcno%2Fmullen%2Fspeeches%2Fmullen051013.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a> <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Michael Mullen</a> pointed out in an interview with KQV (<a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh</a>): "We are looking at, in addition to the blue-water ships which I would characterize and describe as our aircraft carriers and other ships that support that kind of capability, we're also looking to develop capability in what I call the green-water and the brown-water, and the brown-water is really the rivers . . . These are challenges we all have, and we need to work together to ensure that the sea lanes are secure." FC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/mullen/speeches/mullen060519-kqv.txt">KQV RADIO (PITTSBURGH) INTERVIEW WITH JOE FENN MAY 19, 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michiko-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michiko_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michiko_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michiko_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhifer2012" class="citation book cs1">Phifer, Michiko (13 Jul 2012). <i>A Handbook of Military Strategy and Tactics</i>. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789382573289" title="Special:BookSources/9789382573289"><bdi>9789382573289</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Military+Strategy+and+Tactics&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Vij+Books+India+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft.isbn=9789382573289&rft.aulast=Phifer&rft.aufirst=Michiko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirchberger-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirchberger_16-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirchberger2015" class="citation book cs1">Kirchberger, Sarah (2015). <i>Assessing China's Naval Power: Technological Innovation, Economic Constraints, and Strategic Implications</i>. Heidelberg: Springer. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783662471272" title="Special:BookSources/9783662471272"><bdi>9783662471272</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/911616881">911616881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assessing+China%27s+Naval+Power%3A+Technological+Innovation%2C+Economic+Constraints%2C+and+Strategic+Implications&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F911616881&rft.isbn=9783662471272&rft.aulast=Kirchberger&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-classification-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-classification_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-classification_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-classification_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-classification_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-classification_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-classification_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Small Navies: Strategy and Policy for Small Navies in War and Peace (Dr Deborah Sanders, Dr Ian Speller, Professor Michael Mulqueen)</i>. United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing. 28 June 2014. pp. 34–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472417619" title="Special:BookSources/9781472417619"><bdi>9781472417619</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+Navies%3A+Strategy+and+Policy+for+Small+Navies+in+War+and+Peace+%28Dr+Deborah+Sanders%2C+Dr+Ian+Speller%2C+Professor+Michael+Mulqueen%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=34-43&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft.isbn=9781472417619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTill2004" class="citation book cs1">Till, Geoffrey (2 Aug 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CNgIbiDghI4C&q=Seapower%3A%20A%20Guide%20for%20the%20Twenty-First%20Century%202004"><i>Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century</i></a>. London: Routledge. pp. 113–120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135756789" title="Special:BookSources/9781135756789"><bdi>9781135756789</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United States: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742533332" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742533332"><bdi>978-0742533332</bdi></a>. <q>...the United States and the United Kingdom have the world's two best world-spanning blue-water navies... with the French being the only other candidate... and China being the most likely competitor in the long term</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglosphere+Challenge%3A+Why+the+English-speaking+Nations+Will+Lead+the+Way+in+the+Twenty-first+Century&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0742533332&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=James+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-China-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-China_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald O'Rourke, "China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress", December 10, 2012, page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_DOD_Report-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US_DOD_Report_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_DOD_Report_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_DOD_Report_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113120816/http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_china_report_final.pdf">"Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Dod: Annual Report to Congress</i>: 38–39. 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gulf+III%3A+Iran%27s+Power+in+the+Sea+Lanes&rft.pub=The+Iran+Primer%2C+United+States+Institute+of+Peace&rft.date=2013-03-12&rft.au=Michael+Connell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firanprimer.usip.org%2Fblog%2F2013%2Fmar%2F12%2Fgulf-iii-iran%25E2%2580%2599s-power-sea-lanes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-France&UK-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-France&UK_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Hyde-Price - "European Security in the Twenty-First Century: The Challenge of Multipolarity", published 9 Jan 2007 by <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis Group</a>. Chapter - Britain, France and the multipolar challenge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RUSI2014-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RUSI2014_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllwood" class="citation web cs1">Ellwood, Tobias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141001144311/https://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/201309_OP_Leveraging_UK_Carrier_Capability.pdf">"A Study into the Preparation for and Use of the Queen Elizabeth-Class Carriers (September 2013)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>rusi.org/</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rusi.org%2F&rft.atitle=A+Study+into+the+Preparation+for+and+Use+of+the+Queen+Elizabeth-Class+Carriers+%28September+2013%29&rft.aulast=Ellwood&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusi.org%2Fdownloads%2Fassets%2F201309_OP_Leveraging_UK_Carrier_Capability.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal_Navy_2014-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Navy_2014_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140514123414/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/About-the-Royal-Navy/The-Navy-and-the-Environment/At-Sea"><i>Royal Navy At Sea (Archive)</i></a>, The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, 2013, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/About-the-Royal-Navy/The-Navy-and-the-Environment/At-Sea">the original</a> on 2014-05-14</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Navy+At+Sea+%28Archive%29&rft.pub=The+Royal+Navy&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2FAbout-the-Royal-Navy%2FThe-Navy-and-the-Environment%2FAt-Sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlue-water+navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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ship classes in service">auxiliary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_geography" title="Maritime geography">Operational zones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown-water navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green-water navy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blue-water navy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gun placement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">Broadside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_battery_ship" title="Central battery ship">Central battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_assault_ship" title="Amphibious assault ship">Amphibious assault ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare_carrier" title="Anti-submarine warfare carrier">Anti-submarine warfare carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_carrier" title="Balloon carrier">Balloon carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlecarrier" title="Battlecarrier">Battlecarrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAM_ship" title="CAM ship">CAM ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">Escort carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_catapult_ship" title="Fighter catapult ship">Fighter catapult ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_carrier" title="Fleet carrier">Fleet carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_deck_cruiser" title="Flight deck cruiser">Flight deck cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_carrier" title="Helicopter carrier">Helicopter carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdiction_Assault_Ship" title="Interdiction Assault Ship">Interdiction Assault Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_aircraft_carrier" title="Light aircraft carrier">Light aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_aircraft_carrier" title="Merchant aircraft carrier">Merchant aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">Seaplane tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercarrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercarrier">Supercarrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_ship" title="Coastal defence ship">Coastal defence ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_battleship" title="Fast battleship">Fast battleship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">Pre-dreadnought battleship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought#Super-dreadnoughts" title="Dreadnought">Super-dreadnought</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard-type_battleship" title="Standard-type battleship">Standard-type battleship</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_battleship" title="Treaty battleship">Treaty battleship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">Cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_cruiser" title="Aircraft cruiser">Aircraft cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">Armored cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">Battlecruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile cruiser">Guided missile cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">Heavy cruiser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_cruiser" title="Deutschland-class cruiser">Pocket battleship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_raider" title="Merchant raider">Merchant raider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">Protected cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_cruiser" title="Scout cruiser">Scout cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_cruiser" title="Strike cruiser">Strike cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_cruiser" title="Torpedo cruiser">Torpedo cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unprotected_cruiser" title="Unprotected cruiser">Unprotected cruiser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Escort</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">Aviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_rescue_ship" title="Convoy rescue ship">Convoy rescue ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_escort" title="Destroyer escort">Destroyer escort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_leader" title="Destroyer leader">Destroyer leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_destroyer" title="Escort destroyer">Escort destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escorteur" title="Escorteur">Escorteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">Frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided-missile_destroyer" title="Guided-missile destroyer">Guided-missile destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaib%C5%8Dkan" title="Kaibōkan">Kaibōkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_picket" title="Radar picket">Radar picket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">Sloop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">Amphibious transport dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare_ship" title="Amphibious warfare ship">Amphibious warfare ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_transport" title="Attack transport">Attack transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock_landing_ship" title="Dock landing ship">Dock landing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft_carrier" title="Landing craft carrier">Landing craft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Support" title="Landing Craft Support">Landing Craft Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Heavy" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Heavy">Landing Ship Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_ship,_infantry" title="Landing ship, infantry">Landing ship, infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Logistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Logistics">Landing Ship Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Medium" title="Landing Ship Medium">Landing Ship Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">Landing Ship, Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Vehicle">Landing Ship Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">Troopship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol craft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_boarding_steamer" title="Armed boarding steamer">Armed boarding steamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_yacht" title="Armed yacht">Armed yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_motor_boat" title="Coastal motor boat">Coastal motor boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">Gunboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_defence_motor_launch" title="Harbour defence motor launch">Harbour defence motor launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_launch_(naval)" title="Motor launch (naval)">Motor launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_drifter" title="Naval drifter">Naval drifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_trawler" title="Naval trawler">Naval trawler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_boarding_vessel" title="Ocean boarding vessel">Ocean boarding vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-ship" title="Q-ship">Q-ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_gun_boat" title="Steam gun boat">Steam gun boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_chaser" title="Submarine chaser">Submarine chaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fast_attack_craft" title="Fast attack craft">Fast attack craft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAS_(motorboat)" title="MAS (motorboat)">MAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_gunboat" title="Motor gunboat">MGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_boat" title="Missile boat">Missile boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">MTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_explosive_motorboat" title="MT explosive motorboat">MTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTSM_motor_torpedo_boat" title="MTSM motor torpedo boat">MTSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27y%C5%8D-class_suicide_motorboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Shin'yō-class suicide motorboat">Shin'yō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mine warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danlayer" title="Danlayer">Danlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_minesweeper" title="Destroyer minesweeper">Destroyer minesweeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_countermeasures_vessel" title="Mine countermeasures vessel">Mine countermeasures vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_planter" title="Mine planter">Mine planter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minehunter" title="Minehunter">Minehunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">Minelayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Command and support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenities_ship" title="Amenities ship">Amenities ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_ship" title="Ammunition ship">Ammunition ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_repair_dock" title="Auxiliary repair dock">Auxiliary repair dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_stores_ship" title="Combat stores ship">Combat stores ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_ship" title="Command ship">Command ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depot_ship" title="Depot ship">Depot ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_tender" title="Destroyer tender">Destroyer tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispatch_boat" title="Dispatch boat">Dispatch boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_combat_support_ship" title="Fast combat support ship">Fast combat support ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_stores_issue_ship" title="General stores issue ship">General stores issue ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">Hospital ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_support_ship" title="Joint support ship">Joint support ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Naval tugboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_laying_ship" title="Net laying ship">Net laying ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repair_ship" title="Repair ship">Repair ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replenishment_oiler" title="Replenishment oiler">Replenishment oiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_tender" title="Submarine tender">Submarine tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">Attack submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">Ballistic missile submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_submarine" title="Coastal submarine">Coastal submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missile submarine">Cruise missile submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_submarine" title="Cruiser submarine">Cruiser submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence vehicle">Deep-submergence vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence rescue vehicle">DSRV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_submarine" title="Fleet submarine">Fleet submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">Human torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">Midget submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_aircraft_carrier" title="Submarine aircraft carrier">Submarine aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_sub" title="Wet sub">Wet sub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_merchantman" title="Armed merchantman">Armed merchantman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_ship" title="Arsenal ship">Arsenal ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barracks_ship" title="Barracks ship">Barracks ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastwork_monitor" title="Breastwork monitor">Breastwork monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">Capital ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_carrier" title="Drone carrier">Drone carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">Flagship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_battery" title="Floating battery">Floating battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_ship" title="Guard ship">Guard ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral combat ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_(warship)" title="Monitor (warship)">Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_ship" title="Mother ship">Mother ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_monitor" title="River monitor">River monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">Training ship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ship_types" title="Template:Ship types">Ship types</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Template:Sailing vessels and rigs">Sailing vessels</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&oldid=1256428501">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue-water_navy&oldid=1256428501</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Navies_by_type" 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