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<span>Accounts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Accounts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Accounts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-John:_relations_with_Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John:_relations_with_Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>John: relations with Romans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John:_relations_with_Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matthew:_trial_of_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matthew:_trial_of_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Matthew: trial of Jesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matthew:_trial_of_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Political implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acts:_Peter_and_John_refuse_to_be_silenced" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acts:_Peter_and_John_refuse_to_be_silenced"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Acts: Peter and John refuse to be silenced</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acts:_Peter_and_John_refuse_to_be_silenced-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Josephus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Josephus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Josephus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Josephus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rabbinic_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbinic_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Rabbinic literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rabbinic_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literature and arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literature_and_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literature and arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Film portrayals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caiaphas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="قيافا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قيافا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Каіяфа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каіяфа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Каяфа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каяфа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀ་ཡ་ཕཱ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀ་ཡ་ཕཱ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caif%C3%A0s" title="Caifàs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caifàs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaif%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Kaifáš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaifáš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caifassu" title="Caifassu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Caifassu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiaffas" title="Caiaffas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caiaffas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajaphas" title="Kajaphas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kajaphas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Καϊάφας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καϊάφας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caif%C3%A1s" title="Caifás – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caifás" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajafas" title="Kajafas – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kajafas" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifas" title="Kaifas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaifas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="قیافا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قیافا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%AFphe" title="Caïphe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caïphe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajafas" title="Kajafas – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kajafas" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%95%BC%ED%8C%8C" title="가야파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가야파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajfa" title="Kajfa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kajfa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayafas" title="Kayafas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kayafas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caifa" title="Caifa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caifa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90" title="קיפא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיפא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayafa" title="Kayafa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kayafa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiafa" title="Kaiafa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaiafa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="قيافا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قيافا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajafas" title="Kajafas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kajafas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1" title="カイアファ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カイアファ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Kaifas" title="Josef Kaifas – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Josef Kaifas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Kaifas" title="Josef Kaifas – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Josef Kaifas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="قیافا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قیافا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kajfasz" title="Józef Kajfasz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Józef Kajfasz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caif%C3%A1s" title="Caifás – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caifás" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiafa" title="Caiafa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caiafa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Каиафа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каиафа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajfa" title="Kajfa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kajfa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Кајафа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кајафа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajafa" title="Kajafa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kajafa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifas" title="Kaifas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaifas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajafas" title="Kajafas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kajafas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Каяфа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каяфа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="قیافا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قیافا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Caiaphas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Caifa" redirects here. For the Israeli city formerly spelled Caïfa in French, see <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Joseph ben Caiaphas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="he">יוֹסֵף בַּר קַיָּפָא</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Christ_before_the_High_Priest_-_WGA11650_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of Caiaphas in profile. He is pointing his finger in condemnation." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Christ_before_the_High_Priest_-_WGA11650_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Christ_before_the_High_Priest_-_WGA11650_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Christ_before_the_High_Priest_-_WGA11650_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Christ_before_the_High_Priest_-_WGA11650_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Christ_before_the_High_Priest_-_WGA11650_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Christ_before_the_High_Priest_-_WGA11650_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1362" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail from <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Before_the_High_Priest" title="Christ Before the High Priest">Christ Before the High Priest</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Honthorst" title="Gerard van Honthorst">Gerard van Honthorst</a>, c. 1617</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#D3D3D3;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 AD – 36 AD</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Simon_ben_Camithus" title="Simon ben Camithus">Simon ben Camithus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(High_Priest)" title="Jonathan (High Priest)">Jonathan ben Ananus</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;">Personal life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 14 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 46 AD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Judaea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph ben Caiaphas</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> c. 14 BC – c. 46 AD) was the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a> during the first century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the Gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a> indicate he was an organizer of the plot to kill <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. He is portrayed as presiding over the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary sources for Caiaphas' life are the New Testament, and the writings of Josephus. The latter records he was made high priest by the Roman procurator <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Gratus" title="Valerius Gratus">Valerius Gratus</a> after <a href="/wiki/Simon_ben_Camithus" title="Simon ben Camithus">Simon ben Camithus</a> had been deposed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yevamot" title="Yevamot">Yevamot</a> 15B) gives the family name as Kuppai, while the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> (Yevamot 1:6) mentions <i>Nekifi</i>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></i>, Parah 3:5, refers to the family name as hakKof (perhaps "the Monkey", a play on his name for opposing the <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Paulist_Press_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paulist_Press-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family name <i>Caiaphas</i> קַיָּפָה has a few possible origins:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>from קוּפָּה 'basket', 'tub', verbalized as קִיֵּף , whence קַיָּף meaning 'basket maker', or a worker utilizing baskets such as to sell spices</li> <li>κεφάλαιος: from κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix) - meaning: main, chief, principal, primary</li> <li>"as comely" in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a></li> <li>a "dell", or a "depression" in <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accounts">Accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="John:_relations_with_Romans">John: relations with Romans</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: John: relations with Romans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a>, father-in-law of Caiaphas (<a href="/wiki/John_18" title="John 18">John 18</a>:13), had been high-priest from AD 6 to 15, and continued to exercise a significant influence over Jewish affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annas and Caiaphas may have sympathized with the <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>, a religious movement in Judaea that found most of its members among the wealthy Jewish elite. The comparatively long eighteen-year tenure of Caiaphas suggests he had a good working relationship with the Roman authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">John 11</a>), the high priests call a gathering of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> in reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">raising of Lazarus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the parable related in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">Luke 16</a>:28–30), the likely reaction of the "five brothers" to the possibility of the return of the <a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">beggar Lazarus</a> has given rise to the suggestion by <a href="/wiki/Claude-Joseph_Drioux" title="Claude-Joseph Drioux">Claude-Joseph Drioux</a> and others that the "rich man" is itself an attack on Caiaphas, his father-in-law, and his five brothers-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caiaphas considers, with "the Chief Priests and <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>", what to do about Jesus, whose influence was spreading. They worry that if they "let him go on like this, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and destroy both our holy place and our nation." </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_18" title="John 18">John 18</a>), Jesus is brought before Annas, whose palace was closer.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annas questioned him regarding his disciples and teaching, and then sent him on to Caiaphas. Caiaphas makes a political calculation, suggesting that it would be better for "one man" (Jesus) to die than for "the whole nation" to be destroyed. Similar ideas can be found in rabbinical discussion in Talmud and <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/John_11" title="John 11">John 11</a>:51-52 it states that "He did not say this of his own accord, but being high priest that year he prophesied that Jesus would die for the nation, and not for the nation only, but also to gather into one the children of God who are scattered abroad." </p><p>Afterward, Jesus is taken to <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_administration_of_Judaea_(AD_6%E2%80%93135)" title="Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135)">Roman governor of Judea</a>. Pilate tells the priests to judge Jesus themselves, to which they respond they lack authority to do so. Pilate questions Jesus, after which he states, "I find no basis for a charge against him." Pilate then offers the gathered crowd the choice of one prisoner to release—said to be a <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> tradition—and they choose a criminal named <a href="/wiki/Barabbas" title="Barabbas">Barabbas</a> instead of Jesus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Matthew:_trial_of_Jesus">Matthew: trial of Jesus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Matthew: trial of Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_before_Caiaphas_-_Capella_dei_Scrovegni_-_Padua_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Christ_before_Caiaphas_-_Capella_dei_Scrovegni_-_Padua_2016.jpg/250px-Christ_before_Caiaphas_-_Capella_dei_Scrovegni_-_Padua_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Christ_before_Caiaphas_-_Capella_dei_Scrovegni_-_Padua_2016.jpg/375px-Christ_before_Caiaphas_-_Capella_dei_Scrovegni_-_Padua_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Christ_before_Caiaphas_-_Capella_dei_Scrovegni_-_Padua_2016.jpg/500px-Christ_before_Caiaphas_-_Capella_dei_Scrovegni_-_Padua_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3525" data-file-height="3356" /></a><figcaption>"Christ before Caiaphas". The High Priest is depicted tearing his robe in grief at Jesus' perceived <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>, <i>Life of Christ</i>, <a href="/wiki/Scrovegni_Chapel" title="Scrovegni Chapel">Scrovegni Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> (<a href="/wiki/Matthew_26" title="Matthew 26">Matthew 26</a>:56–67), Caiaphas and others of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> are depicted interrogating Jesus. They are looking for evidence with which to convict Jesus, but are unable to find any. Jesus remains silent throughout the proceedings until Caiaphas demands that Jesus say whether he is the Christ (which means Messiah). Jesus replies "The words are your own: and you will see the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_man" title="Son of man">Son of Man</a> seated at the right hand of power, and coming on the clouds of <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a>." (<a href="/wiki/Mark_14" title="Mark 14">Mark 14</a>:62) Caiaphas and the other men charge him with <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> and sentence him to <a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">corporal punishment</a> for his crime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_implications">Political implications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caiaphas was the <a href="/wiki/Son-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Son-in-law">son-in-law</a> of Annas by marriage to his daughter and ruled longer than any high priest in New Testament times. For Jewish leaders of the time, there were serious concerns about Roman rule and an insurgent <a href="/wiki/Zealots_(Judea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealots (Judea)">Zealot movement</a> to eject the Romans from <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The Romans would not perform executions for violations of <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a>, therefore a charge of blasphemy would not have mattered to Pilate. Caiaphas' position, therefore, was to establish that Jesus was guilty not only of blasphemy, but also of proclaiming himself to be the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>, which was understood as the return of the <a href="/wiki/Davidic_dynasty_in_Bible_prophecy" title="Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy">Davidic kingship</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Acts:_Peter_and_John_refuse_to_be_silenced">Acts: Peter and John refuse to be silenced</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Acts: Peter and John refuse to be silenced"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later, in <a href="/wiki/Acts_4" title="Acts 4">Acts 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> went before Annas and Caiaphas after having healed a crippled beggar. Caiaphas and Annas questioned the apostles' authority to perform such a miracle. When Peter, full of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>, answered that Jesus of Nazareth was the source of their power, Caiaphas and the other priests realized that the two men had no formal education yet spoke eloquently about the man they called their saviour. Caiaphas sent the apostles away, and agreed with the other priests that the word of the miracle had already been spread too much to attempt to refute, and instead the priests would need to warn the apostles not to spread the name of Jesus. However, when they gave Peter and John this command, the two refused, saying "Judge for yourselves whether it is right in God's sight to obey you rather than God. For we cannot help speaking about what we have seen and heard."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Josephus">Josephus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Josephus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1st-century Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> is considered the most reliable extra-biblical literary source for Caiaphas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His works contain information on the dates for Caiaphas' tenure of the high priesthood, along with reports on other high priests, and also help to establish a coherent description of the responsibilities of the high-priestly office. Josephus (<i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquitates Judaicae</a></i> 18.33–35) relates that Caiaphas became a high priest during a turbulent period. He also states that the <a href="/wiki/Legatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Legatus">Legate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Vitellius_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Vitellius the Elder">Lucius Vitellius the Elder</a> deposed Caiaphas (<i>Antiquitates Judaicae</i> 18.95–97).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josephus' account is based on an older source, in which incumbents of the high priesthood were listed chronologically.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Josephus, Caiaphas was appointed in AD 18 by the Roman <a href="/wiki/Judea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judea (Roman province)">prefect</a> <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Gratus" title="Valerius Gratus">Valerius Gratus</a><sup id="cite_ref-oxford_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who preceded <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a>, Caiaphas was the son-in-law of the high priest <a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a>, who is widely identified with Ananus the son of Seth, mentioned by Josephus.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annas was deposed after the death of Augustus, but had five sons who served as high priest after him. The terms of Annas, Caiaphas, and the five brothers are: </p> <ul><li>Ananus (or <a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a>) the son of Seth (6–15)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Eleazar the son of Ananus (16–17)</li> <li><i>Caiaphas</i>, properly called Joseph son of Caiaphas (18–36/37), who had married the daughter of Annas (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2018:13&version=nrsv">John 18:13</a>)</li> <li>Jonathan the son of Ananus (spring 37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_ben_Ananus" title="Theophilus ben Ananus">Theophilus ben Ananus</a> (37–41)</li> <li>Matthias ben Ananus (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananus_ben_Ananus" title="Ananus ben Ananus">Ananus ben Ananus</a> (63)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rabbinic_literature">Rabbinic literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rabbinic literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Helen_Bond" title="Helen Bond">Helen Bond</a>, there may be some references to Caiaphas in the rabbinic literature.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Caiaphas_P1180853.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Caiaphas_P1180853.jpg/170px-Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Caiaphas_P1180853.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Caiaphas_P1180853.jpg/255px-Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Caiaphas_P1180853.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Caiaphas_P1180853.jpg/340px-Ossuary_of_the_high_priest_Caiaphas_P1180853.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Ossuary with the name קפא carved into its side, found in Jerusalem in 1990. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a>, Jerusalem.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Caiaphas_ossuary" title="Caiaphas ossuary">Caiaphas ossuary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miriam_ossuary" title="Miriam ossuary">Miriam ossuary</a></div> <p>In November 1990, workers found an ornate limestone <a href="/wiki/Ossuary" title="Ossuary">ossuary</a> while paving a road in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_Israel" title="List of forests in Israel">Peace Forest</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Tor" title="Abu Tor">Abu Tor</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ossuary appeared authentic and contained human remains. An <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> inscription on the side was thought to read "Joseph son of Caiaphas" and on the basis of this the bones of an elderly man were considered to belong to the High Priest Caiaphas.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Charlesworth_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charlesworth-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the original discovery, this identification has been challenged by some scholars on various grounds, including the spelling of the inscription, the lack of any mention of Caiaphas' status as <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a>, the plainness of the tomb (although the ossuary itself is as ornate as might be expected from someone of his rank and family), and other reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Charlesworth_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charlesworth-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2011, archaeologists from <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a> announced the recovery of a stolen ossuary, plundered from a tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Elah" title="Valley of Elah">Valley of Elah</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Antiquities_Authority" title="Israel Antiquities Authority">Israel Antiquities Authority</a> declared it authentic, and expressed regret that it could not be studied <i><a href="/wiki/In_situ#Archaeology" title="In situ">in situ</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is inscribed with the text: "Miriam, daughter of Yeshua, son of Caiaphas, Priest of Ma’aziah from Beth ‘Imri". Based on it, Caiaphas can be assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_divisions" title="Priestly divisions">priestly division</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_biblical_figures,_L-Z#M" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minor biblical figures, L-Z">Ma’aziah</a>, instituted by king <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature_and_arts">Literature and arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Literature and arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the thirteenth-century French text <a href="/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" title="Lancelot-Grail"><i>Estoire del Saint Graal</i></a>, Caiaphas is responsible for imprisoning Joseph of Arimathea. The Roman emperor Vespasian promises not to slay or burn him for information about Joseph. To punish him, he instead sets him adrift at sea. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)"><i>Inferno</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> places Caiaphas in the sixth realm of the <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)#Eighth_Circle_(Fraud)" title="Inferno (Dante)">eighth circle of Hell</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Hypocrite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocrite">hypocrites</a> are punished in the afterlife. His punishment is to be eternally crucified across the hypocrites' path, who eternally step on him. </p><p>Caiaphas is mentioned throughout the works of <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> as a byword for a traitor or <a href="/wiki/Pharisee" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharisee">Pharisee</a>. </p><p>Caiaphas and his <a href="/wiki/Ossuary" title="Ossuary">ossuary</a> are the subjects of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Hostetler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Hostetler (page does not exist)">Bob Hostetler</a>'s novel, <i>The Bone Box</i> (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caiaphas is mentioned in the 19th verse of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Reading_Gaol" title="The Ballad of Reading Gaol">The Ballad of Reading Gaol</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>He does not stare upon the air<br /> Through a little roof of glass;<br /> He does not pray with lips of clay<br /> For his agony to pass,<br /> Nor feel upon his shuddering cheek<br /> The kiss of Caiaphas </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, <i>The Ballad of Reading Gaol</i></cite></div> </div> <p>He is also depicted having an argument with <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> regarding the passing of the death sentence against <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Christ before Caiaphas,</i> c.1490, is one of only a handful of works attributed to <a href="/wiki/Antonio_della_Corna" title="Antonio della Corna">Antonio della Corna</a>, who was active primarily in his native Lombardy in northern Italy. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_della_Corna_-_Christ_Before_Caiaphas_-_Walters_37481_-_Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Before Caiaphas, Antonio della Corna. Walters Art Museum."><img alt="Christ Before Caiaphas, Antonio della Corna. Walters Art Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Antonio_della_Corna_-_Christ_Before_Caiaphas_-_Walters_37481_-_Detail.jpg/120px-Antonio_della_Corna_-_Christ_Before_Caiaphas_-_Walters_37481_-_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Antonio_della_Corna_-_Christ_Before_Caiaphas_-_Walters_37481_-_Detail.jpg/180px-Antonio_della_Corna_-_Christ_Before_Caiaphas_-_Walters_37481_-_Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Antonio_della_Corna_-_Christ_Before_Caiaphas_-_Walters_37481_-_Detail.jpg/240px-Antonio_della_Corna_-_Christ_Before_Caiaphas_-_Walters_37481_-_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Christ Before Caiaphas</i>, Antonio della Corna. <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mattias_Stom,_Christ_before_Caiaphas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="''Christ before Caiaphas'' by Matthias Stom, c. 1630s"><img alt="''Christ before Caiaphas'' by Matthias Stom, c. 1630s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mattias_Stom%2C_Christ_before_Caiaphas.jpg/120px-Mattias_Stom%2C_Christ_before_Caiaphas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mattias_Stom%2C_Christ_before_Caiaphas.jpg/180px-Mattias_Stom%2C_Christ_before_Caiaphas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mattias_Stom%2C_Christ_before_Caiaphas.jpg/240px-Mattias_Stom%2C_Christ_before_Caiaphas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">''Christ before Caiaphas'' by <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Stom" title="Matthias Stom">Matthias Stom</a>, c. 1630s</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_portrayals">Film portrayals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Film portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Actors who have portrayed Caiaphas include <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Schildkraut" title="Rudolph Schildkraut">Rudolph Schildkraut</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Kings_(1927_film)" title="The King of Kings (1927 film)">King of Kings</a></i> (1927), <a href="/wiki/Guy_Rolfe" title="Guy Rolfe">Guy Rolfe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Nicholas Ray</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_(1961_film)" title="King of Kings (1961 film)">King of Kings</a></i> (1961), <a href="/wiki/J._Rodolfo_Wilcock" title="J. Rodolfo Wilcock">Rodolfo Wilcock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a></i> (1964), <a href="/wiki/Martin_Landau" title="Martin Landau">Martin Landau</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a>' film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Story_Ever_Told" title="The Greatest Story Ever Told">The Greatest Story Ever Told</a></i> (1965), <a href="/wiki/Bob_Bingham" title="Bob Bingham">Bob Bingham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar_(film)" title="Jesus Christ Superstar (film)">Jesus Christ Superstar</a></i> (1973), <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a>'s television miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)">Jesus of Nazareth</a></i> (1977), <a href="/wiki/Christian_Kohlund" title="Christian Kohlund">Christian Kohlund</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_(1999_film)" title="Jesus (1999 film)">Jesus</a></i> (1999), <a href="/wiki/David_Schofield_(actor)" title="David Schofield (actor)">David Schofield</a> in <i> <a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_Maker_(2000_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Miracle Maker (2000 film)">The Miracle Maker</a></i> (2000), <a href="/wiki/Mattia_Sbragia" title="Mattia Sbragia">Mattia Sbragia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_the_Christ" title="The Passion of the Christ">The Passion of the Christ</a></i> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Gaft" title="Valentin Gaft">Valentin Gaft</a> in the TV miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita_(miniseries)" title="The Master and Margarita (miniseries)">The Master and Margarita</a></i> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Hepton" title="Bernard Hepton">Bernard Hepton</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Man_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Son of Man (play)">Son of Man</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Schiller" title="Adrian Schiller">Adrian Schiller</a> in the TV miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_(miniseries)" title="The Bible (miniseries)">The Bible</a></i> (2013) and the film <i><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(film)" title="Son of God (film)">Son of God</a></i> (2014), both by same production team, <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Sewell" title="Rufus Sewell">Rufus Sewell</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Killing_Jesus_(2015_film)" title="Killing Jesus (2015 film)">Killing Jesus</a></i> (2015), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Coyle" title="Richard Coyle">Richard Coyle</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/A.D._The_Bible_Continues" title="A.D. The Bible Continues">A.D. The Bible Continues</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> miniseries by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Burnett" title="Mark Burnett">Mark Burnett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roma_Downey" title="Roma Downey">Roma Downey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Makram_Khoury" title="Makram Khoury">Makram Khoury</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita_(2024_film)" title="The Master and Margarita (2024 film)">The Master and Margarita</a></i> (2024). <a href="/wiki/Richard_Fancy" title="Richard Fancy">Richard Fancy</a> portrayed Caiaphas in Season 4 of <a href="/wiki/The_Chosen_(TV_series)" title="The Chosen (TV series)">The Chosen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources" title="List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources">List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_III_of_Judea" title="Aristobulus III of Judea">Aristobulus III of Judea</a> - High priest who was the last <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean</a> royal</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">יוֹסֵף בַּר קַיָּפָא</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Yōsēf bar Qayyāfā</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Καϊάφας</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Koinē Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kaïáphas</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ka.iˈa.ɸas]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> <i>Antiquities</i> 18.35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMetzgerCoogan1993" class="citation book cs1">Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael, eds. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458"><i>Oxford Companion to the Bible</i></a></span>. Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458/page/97">97</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195046458" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195046458"><bdi>978-0195046458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0195046458&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195046458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> <i>Antiquities</i> 18.2.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paulist_Press-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paulist_Press_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFalk1985" class="citation book cs1">Falk, Harvey (1985). <i>Jesus the Pharisee: a new look at the Jewishness of Jesus</i>. Eugene, Oregon: <a href="/wiki/Wipf_%26_Stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Wipf & Stock">Wipf & Stock</a>. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1592443130" title="Special:BookSources/978-1592443130"><bdi>978-1592443130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+Pharisee%3A+a+new+look+at+the+Jewishness+of+Jesus&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-1592443130&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReilly1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Reilly, Wendell (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph Caiphas"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Joseph_Caiphas">"Joseph Caiphas" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joseph+Caiphas&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Wendell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/caiaphas/">"Caiaphas - Livius"</a>. <i>www.livius.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.livius.org&rft.atitle=Caiaphas+-+Livius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Farticles%2Fperson%2Fcaiaphas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanderkam2004" class="citation book cs1">Vanderkam, James (2004). <i>From Joshua to Caiaphas: High Priests after the Exile</i>. Minneapolis, Minnesota: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg Forest (page does not exist)">Augsburg Fortress Publishers</a>. p. 426. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0800626174" title="Special:BookSources/978-0800626174"><bdi>978-0800626174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Joshua+to+Caiaphas%3A+High+Priests+after+the+Exile&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+Minnesota&rft.pages=426&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0800626174&rft.aulast=Vanderkam&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Sepp" title="Johann Nepomuk Sepp">Johann Nepomuk Sepp</a>; <a href="/wiki/Claude-Joseph_Drioux" title="Claude-Joseph Drioux">Claude-Joseph Drioux</a>; Whittaker, H.A. Studies in the Gospels, Biblia Staffordshire 1984, 2nd Ed. 1989 p. 495</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGottheilKrauss" class="citation book cs1">Gottheil, Richard; Krauss, Samuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3903-caiaphas">"Caiaphas"</a>. <i>1906 Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caiaphas&rft.btitle=1906+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Gottheil&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Krauss%2C+Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F3903-caiaphas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Bereishit_Rabbah.94.9?lang=bi">"Bereishit Rabbah 94:9"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Bereishit+Rabbah+94%3A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBereishit_Rabbah.94.9%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acts 4:19–20 NIV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bond, <i>Caiaphas</i>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bond, <i>Caiaphas</i>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus' source is mentioned in <i>Antiquitates Judaicae</i> 20.224–51 and <i><a href="/wiki/Against_Apion" title="Against Apion">Against Apion</a></i> 1.36; see Bond, <i>Caiaphas</i>, p. 163, n. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=J.+AJ+18.26">Ant., Book 18 Section 26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a discussion of <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> Yevamot 1.10 and other possible rabbinic references, see Bond, <i>Caiaphas</i>, p. 164, n. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpecter1992" class="citation news cs1">Specter, Michael (14 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/14/world/tomb-may-hold-the-bones-of-priest-who-judged-jesus.html?pagewanted=all">"Tomb May Hold the Bones Of Priest Who Judged Jesus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tomb+May+Hold+the+Bones+Of+Priest+Who+Judged+Jesus&rft.date=1992-08-14&rft.aulast=Specter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F08%2F14%2Fworld%2Ftomb-may-hold-the-bones-of-priest-who-judged-jesus.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charlesworth-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charlesworth_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charlesworth_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth2006" class="citation book cs1">Charlesworth, James H. (2006). <i>Jesus and archaeology</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing">William B. Eerdmans Publishing</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">323–</span>329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802848802" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802848802"><bdi>978-0802848802</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+archaeology&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E323-%3C%2Fspan%3E329&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0802848802&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBond2004" class="citation book cs1">Bond, Helen Katharine (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TRGpNmDmfxAC&q=family+tomb+of+Caiaphas&pg=PA7"><i>Caiaphas: friend of Rome and judge of Jesus?</i></a>. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22332-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22332-8"><bdi>978-0-664-22332-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caiaphas%3A+friend+of+Rome+and+judge+of+Jesus%3F&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=Westminster%2FJohn+Knox+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22332-8&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Helen+Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTRGpNmDmfxAC%26q%3Dfamily%2Btomb%2Bof%2BCaiaphas%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/06/29/israel.ancient.burial/index.html">"Israeli authorities: 2,000-year-old burial box is the real deal"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 30 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Israeli+authorities%3A+2%2C000-year-old+burial+box+is+the+real+deal&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2011%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F06%2F29%2Fisrael.ancient.burial%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a24.htm#18">1 Chronicles 24:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHostetler2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Hostetler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Hostetler (page does not exist)">Hostetler, Bob</a> (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boneboxnovel00host"><i>The Bone Box</i></a></span>. Brentwood, Tennessee: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Books" title="Howard Books">Howard Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416566472" title="Special:BookSources/9781416566472"><bdi>9781416566472</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bone+Box&rft.place=Brentwood%2C+Tennessee&rft.pub=Howard+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781416566472&rft.aulast=Hostetler&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fboneboxnovel00host&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMetzgerCoogan1993" class="citation book cs1">Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458"><i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i></a></span>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504645-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504645-5"><bdi>0-19-504645-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-504645-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195046458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBond2004" class="citation book cs1">Bond, Helen Catharine (2004). <i>Caiaphas: Friend of Rome and Judge of Jesus?</i>. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22332-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22332-X"><bdi>0-664-22332-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caiaphas%3A+Friend+of+Rome+and+Judge+of+Jesus%3F&rft.place=Louisville&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-664-22332-X&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Helen+Catharine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007130329/http://dev.bible.org/netbible/dictionary.php?word=Caiaphas">NETBible: Caiaphas</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Joseph Caiphas". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joseph+Caiphas&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaiaphas" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caiaphas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/westsem/caiaphas.html">The Ossuary of Joseph Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040224173911/http://www.abu.nb.ca/courses/NTIntro/images/CaiaphasOss.htm">Images of the Ossuary of Caiaphas</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Simon_ben_Camithus" title="Simon ben Camithus">Simon ben Camithus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a> </b><br />18–36 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan ben Ananus">Jonathan ben Ananus</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shammai" title="Shammai">Shammai</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Av_Beit_Din" title="Av Beit Din">Av Beit Din</a> </b><br />c. 20–36 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_ben_Ananus" title="Theophilus ben Ananus">Theophilus ben Ananus</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High_Priests_of_Judaism" title="Template:High Priests of Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High_Priests_of_Judaism" title="Template talk:High Priests of Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High_Priests_of_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High Priests of Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High_Priests_of_Israel_(List)331" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priests</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Israel</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">List</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abishua" title="Abishua">Abishua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukki" title="Bukki">Bukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzzi" title="Uzzi">Uzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahitub_(High_Priest)" title="Ahitub (High Priest)">Ahitub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah" title="Ahijah">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimelech" title="Ahimelech">Ahimelech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimaaz" title="Ahimaaz">Ahimaaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(High_Priest)" title="Azariah (High Priest)">Azariah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joash_(High_Priest)" title="Joash (High Priest)">Joash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiarib" title="Jehoiarib">Jehoiarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat_(High_Priest)" title="Jehoshaphat (High Priest)">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiada" title="Jehoiada">Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediah" title="Pediah">Pediah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah_(High_Priest)" title="Zedekiah (High Priest)">Zedekiah</a></li> <li>Joel</li> <li>Jotham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(Book_of_Kings)" title="Uriah (Book of Kings)">Uriah</a></li> <li>Neria</li> <li>Hoshaiah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallum_(High_Priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shallum (High Priest)">Shallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilkiah" title="Hilkiah">Hilkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azariah_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azariah IV (page does not exist)">Azariah IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraiah_(High_Priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraiah (High Priest)">Seraiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">exilic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_High_Priest" title="Joshua the High Priest">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joiakim_(High_Priest)" title="Joiakim (High Priest)">Joiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliashib_(High_Priest)" title="Eliashib (High Priest)">Eliashib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joiada" title="Joiada">Joiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanan_(High_Priest)" title="Johanan (High Priest)">Johanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaddua" title="Jaddua">Jaddua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_I" title="Onias I">Onias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_I_(High_Priest)" title="Simon I (High Priest)">Simon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_(High_Priest)" title="Eleazar (High Priest)">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_(High_Priest)" title="Manasseh (High Priest)">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_II" title="Onias II">Onias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_II_(High_Priest)" title="Simon II (High Priest)">Simon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_III" title="Onias III">Onias III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(High_Priest)" title="Jason (High Priest)">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_(High_Priest)" title="Menelaus (High Priest)">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_IV" title="Onias IV">Onias IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimus" title="Alcimus">Alcimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean<br />dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Apphus" title="Jonathan Apphus">Jonathan Apphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">Hyrcanus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_I" title="Aristobulus I">Aristobulus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcanus_II" title="Hyrcanus II">Hyrcanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Mattathias" title="Antigonus II Mattathias">Antigonus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herodians" title="Herodians">Herodians</a><br />to the<br /><a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">Jewish Revolt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananelus" title="Ananelus">Ananelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_III_of_Judea" title="Aristobulus III of Judea">Aristobulus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananelus" title="Ananelus">Ananelus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus,_son_of_Fabus" title="Jesus, son of Fabus">Jesus, son of Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_son_of_Boethus" title="Simon son of Boethus">Simon ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_ben_Theophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias ben Theophilus (page does not exist)">Matthias ben Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joazar ben Boethus">Joazar ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar ben Boethus">Eleazar ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Sie" title="Joshua ben Sie">Joshua ben Sie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joazar ben Boethus">Joazar ben Boethus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Fabus" title="Ishmael ben Fabus">Ishmael ben Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar ben Ananus">Eleazar ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_ben_Camithus" title="Simon ben Camithus">Simon ben Camithus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan ben Ananus">Jonathan ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_ben_Ananus" title="Theophilus ben Ananus">Theophilus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cantatheras_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus">Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias ben Ananus">Matthias ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioneus_ben_Simon_Cantatheras" class="mw-redirect" title="Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras">Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan ben Ananus">Jonathan ben Ananus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephus_ben_Camydus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephus ben Camydus (page does not exist)">Josephus ben Camydus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias son of Nedebeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(High_Priest)" title="Jonathan (High Priest)">Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Fabus" title="Ishmael ben Fabus">Ishmael ben Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cabi_ben_Simon" title="Joseph Cabi ben Simon">Joseph Cabi ben Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananus_ben_Ananus" title="Ananus ben Ananus">Ananus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_son_of_Damneus" title="Jesus son of Damneus">Jesus son of Damneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Gamla" title="Joshua ben Gamla">Joshua ben Gamla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattathias_ben_Theophilus" title="Mattathias ben Theophilus">Mattathias ben Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phannias_ben_Samuel" title="Phannias ben Samuel">Phannias ben Samuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Testament_people273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Testament_people" title="Template talk:New Testament people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Testament_people273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament_people" title="Category:New Testament people">New Testament people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphaeus" title="Alphaeus">Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna the Prophetess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabbas" title="Barabbas">Barabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_blind_near_Jericho" title="Healing the blind near Jericho">Bartimaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_man_of_Bethsaida" title="Blind man of Bethsaida">Blind man <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bethsaida)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celidonius" title="Celidonius">Celidonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopas" title="Cleopas">Cleopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Penitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Dismas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impenitent_thief" title="Impenitent thief">Impenitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Gestas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Jairus%27_daughter" title="Raising of Jairus' daughter">Jairus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna,_wife_of_Chuza" title="Joanna, wife of Chuza">Joanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Jude, brother of Jesus">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(demons)" title="Legion (demons)">Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Clopas" title="Mary of Clopas">Mary of Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">Naked fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Nain" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Nain">Son of Nain's widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nicodemus_ben_Gurion" title="Nicodemus ben Gurion">Nicodemus ben Gurion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Simon, brother of Jesus">Simon, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Leper" title="Simon the Leper">Simon the Leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Pharisee" title="Simon the Pharisee">Simon the Pharisee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(disciple)" title="Susanna (disciple)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Syrophoenician_woman%27s_daughter" title="Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter">Syrophoenician woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacchaeus" title="Zacchaeus">Zacchaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_James" title="New Testament people named James">People named James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">People named John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Joseph" title="New Testament people named Joseph">People named Joseph</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Joses" title="Joses">Joses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Judas_or_Jude" title="New Testament people named Judas or Jude">People named Judas or Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Mary" title="New Testament people named Mary">People named Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Simon" title="New Testament people named Simon">People named Simon or Simeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel#Christian_beliefs" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Jesus's brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_demonology" title="Christian demonology">Demons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Female disciples of Jesus">Female disciples of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God-fearer" title="God-fearer">God-fearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodians" title="Herodians">Herodians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_the_biblical_nameless#New_Testament" title="List of names for the biblical nameless">Nameless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselyte" title="Proselyte">Proselytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofer" title="Sofer">Scribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_crucifixion" title="Women at the crucifixion">Women at the crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealots_(Judea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealots (Judea)">Zealots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Less" title="James the Less">Less</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Judas Thaddaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon the Zealot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_(biblical_figure)" title="Aeneas (biblical figure)">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_of_Damascus" title="Ananias of Damascus">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Damascus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Judaea)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias son of Nedebeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Thessalonica" title="Aristarchus of Thessalonica">Aristarchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastus" title="Blastus">Blastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaris_(biblical_figure)" title="Damaris (biblical figure)">Damaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_(biblical_figure)" title="Demetrius (biblical figure)">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas" title="Dorcas">Dorcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymas" title="Elymas">Elymas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_(prophet)" title="Egyptian (prophet)">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_eunuch" title="Ethiopian eunuch">Ethiopian eunuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychus" title="Eutychus">Eutychus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel" title="Gamaliel">Gamaliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_of_Thessalonica" title="Jason of Thessalonica">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barsabbas" title="Joseph Barsabbas">Joseph Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Cyrene" title="Lucius of Cyrene">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_of_Thyatira" title="Lydia of Thyatira">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manahen" title="Manahen">Manaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">(John) Mark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_cousin_of_Barnabas" title="Mark the cousin of Barnabas">cousin of Barnabas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_John_Mark" title="Mary, mother of John Mark">Mary, mother of (John) Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnason" title="Mnason">Mnason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_the_Deacon" title="Nicanor the Deacon">Nicanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaism#Nicolas" title="Nicolaism">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenas" title="Parmenas">Parmenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Evangelist" title="Philip the Evangelist">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochorus_(deacon)" title="Prochorus (deacon)">Prochorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Publius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_(biblical_figure)" title="Rhoda (biblical figure)">Rhoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Sapphira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceva" title="Sceva">Sceva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Deacons" title="Seven Deacons">Seven Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silvanus_of_the_Seventy" title="Silvanus of the Seventy">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Niger" title="Simeon Niger">Simeon Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopater" title="Sopater">Sopater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes" title="Sosthenes">Sosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudas" title="Theudas">Theudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophimus" title="Trophimus">Trophimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tychicus" title="Tychicus">Tychicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenas_the_Lawyer" title="Zenas the Lawyer">Zenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Romans and<br /><a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty">Herod's family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Gospels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Antipas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Archelaus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longinus" title="Longinus">Longinus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate%27s_wife" title="Pontius Pilate's wife">Pilate's wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome" title="Salome">Salome</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Acts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Berenice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Drusilla (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Drusilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Felix" title="Antonius Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcius_Festus" title="Porcius Festus">Festus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus" title="Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus">Gallio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Lysias" title="Claudius Lysias">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_Paulus" title="Sergius Paulus">Paullus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaicus_of_Corinth" title="Achaicus of Corinth">Achaicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Ephesian)" title="Alexander (Ephesian)">Alexander of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Coppersmith" title="Alexander the Coppersmith">Alexander the Coppersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Pannonia" title="Andronicus of Pannonia">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archippus" title="Archippus">Archippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_(saint)" title="Artemas (saint)">Artemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpus_of_Beroea" title="Carpus of Beroea">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Claudia" title="Saint Claudia">Claudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescens" title="Crescens">Crescens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demas" title="Demas">Demas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diotrephes" title="Diotrephes">Diotrephes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphras" title="Epaphras">Epaphras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphroditus" title="Epaphroditus">Epaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_of_Corinth" title="Erastus of Corinth">Erastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_(biblical_figure)" title="Eunice (biblical figure)">Eunice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euodia_and_Syntyche" title="Euodia and Syntyche">Euodia and Syntyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodion_of_Patras" title="Herodion of Patras">Herodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymenaeus_(biblical_figure)" title="Hymenaeus (biblical figure)">Hymenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Justus" title="Jesus Justus">Jesus Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junia_(New_Testament_person)" title="Junia (New Testament person)">Junia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_(biblical_figure)" title="Lois (biblical figure)">Lois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Rome" title="Mary of Rome">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphas" title="Nymphas">Nymphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympas" title="Olympas">Olympas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesiphorus" title="Onesiphorus">Onesiphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pudens" title="Saint Pudens">Pudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(biblical_figure)" title="Philemon (biblical 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1810739/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129446424">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94114587">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2005277823&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007303030805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/129446424">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&oldid=1274020950">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caiaphas&oldid=1274020950</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caiaphas" 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