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cholera</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: cholera"> <meta name="keywords" content="cholera"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="cholera"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 38</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: cholera</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Bifurcation and Stability Analysis of the Dynamics of Cholera Model with Controls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20E.%20Madubueze">C. E. Madubueze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Madubueze"> S. C. Madubueze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajama"> S. Ajama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholera is a disease that is predominately common in developing countries due to poor sanitation and overcrowding population. In this paper, a deterministic model for the dynamics of cholera is developed and control measures such as health educational message, therapeutic treatment, and vaccination are incorporated in the model. The effective reproduction number is computed in terms of the model parameters. The existence and stability of the equilibrium states, disease free and endemic equilibrium states are established and showed to be locally and globally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1 and R0 > 1 respectively. The existence of backward bifurcation of the model is investigated. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the model developed is carried out to show the impact of the control measures and the result indicates that combined control measures will help to reduce the spread of cholera in the population <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backward%20bifurcation" title="backward bifurcation">backward bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title=" cholera"> cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36147/bifurcation-and-stability-analysis-of-the-dynamics-of-cholera-model-with-controls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> In-silico Design of Riboswitch Based Potent Inhibitors for Vibrio cholera</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somdutt%20Mujwar">Somdutt Mujwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Raj%20Pardasani"> Kamal Raj Pardasani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholera pandemics are caused by facultative pathogenic Vibrio cholera bacteria persisting in the countries having warmer climatic conditions as well as the presence of large water bodies with huge amount of organic matter, it is responsible for the millions of deaths annually. Presently the available therapy for cholera is Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) with an antibiotic drug. Excessive utilization of life saving antibiotics drugs leads to the development of resistance by the infectious micro-organism against the antibiotic drugs resulting in loss of effectiveness of these drugs. Also, many side effects are also associated with the use of these antibiotic drugs. This riboswitch is explored as an alternative drug target for Vibrio cholera bacteria to overcome the problem of drug resistance as well as side effects associated with the antibiotics drugs. The bacterial riboswitch is virtually screened with 24407 legends to get possible drug candidates. The 10 ligands showing best binding with the riboswitch are selected to design a pharmacophore, which can be utilized to design lead molecules by using the phenomenon of bioisosterism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title="cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20design" title=" drug design"> drug design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ligand" title=" ligand"> ligand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riboswitch" title=" riboswitch"> riboswitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacophore" title=" pharmacophore "> pharmacophore </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39639/in-silico-design-of-riboswitch-based-potent-inhibitors-for-vibrio-cholera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> A Foodborne Cholera Outbreak in a School Caused by Eating Contaminated Fried Fish: Hoima Municipality, Uganda, February 2018</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dativa%20Maria%20Aliddeki">Dativa Maria Aliddeki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fred%20Monje"> Fred Monje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godfrey%20Nsereko"> Godfrey Nsereko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benon%20Kwesiga"> Benon Kwesiga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Kadobera"> Daniel Kadobera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Riolexus%20Ario"> Alex Riolexus Ario</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cholera is a severe gastrointestinal disease caused by Vibrio cholera. It has caused several pandemics. On 26 February 2018, a suspected cholera outbreak, with one death, occurred in School X in Hoima Municipality, western Uganda. We investigated to identify the scope and mode of transmission of the outbreak, and recommend evidence-based control measures. Methods: We defined a suspected case as onset of diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain in a student or staff of School X or their family members during 14 February–10 March. A confirmed case was a suspected case with V. cholerae cultured from stool. We reviewed medical records at Hoima Hospital and searched for cases at School X. We conducted descriptive epidemiologic analysis and hypothesis-generating interviews of 15 case-patients. In a retrospective cohort study, we compared attack rates between exposed and unexposed persons. Results: We identified 15 cases among 75 students and staff of School X and their family members (attack rate=20%), with onset from 25-28 February. One patient died (case-fatality rate=6.6%). The epidemic curve indicated a point-source exposure. On 24 February, a student brought fried fish from her home in a fishing village, where a cholera outbreak was ongoing. Of the 21 persons who ate the fish, 57% developed cholera, compared with 5.6% of 54 persons who did not eat (RR=10; 95% CI=3.2-33). None of 4 persons who recooked the fish before eating, compared with 71% of 17 who did not recook it, developed cholera (RR=0.0, 95%CIFisher exact=0.0-0.95). Of 12 stool specimens cultured, 6 yielded V. cholerae. Conclusion: This cholera outbreak was caused by eating fried fish, which might have been contaminated with V. cholerae in a village with an ongoing outbreak. Lack of thorough cooking of the fish might have facilitated the outbreak. We recommended thoroughly cooking fish before consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title="cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20outbreak" title=" disease outbreak"> disease outbreak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foodborne" title=" foodborne"> foodborne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20health%20security" title=" global health security"> global health security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uganda" title=" Uganda"> Uganda</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103550/a-foodborne-cholera-outbreak-in-a-school-caused-by-eating-contaminated-fried-fish-hoima-municipality-uganda-february-2018" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Outbreak of Cholera, Jalgaon District, Maharastra, 2013</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogita%20Tulsian">Yogita Tulsian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Yadav"> A. Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: India reports 3,600 cholera cases annually. In August 2013, a cholera outbreak was reported in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra state. We sought to describe the epidemiological characteristics,identify risk factors, and recommend control measures. Methods: We collected existing stool and water testing laboratory results, and conducted a1: 1 matched case-control study. A cholera case was defined as a resident of Vishnapur or Malapur villagewith onset of acute watery diarrhea on/ after 1-July-2013. Controls were matched by age, gender and village and had not experienced any diarrhea for 3 months. We collected socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and food/travel/water exposure history and conducted conditional logistic regression. Results: Of 50 people who met the cholera case definition, 40 (80%) were from Vishnapur village and 30 (60%) were female. The median age was 8.5 years (range; 0.3-75). Twenty (45%) cases were hospitalized, twelve (60%) with severe dehydration. Three of five stool samples revealed Vibrio cholerae 01 El Tor, Ogawa and samples from 7 of 14 Vishnapur water sources contained fecal coliforms. Cases from Vishnapur were significantly more likely to drink from identified contaminated water sources (matched odds ratio (MOR) 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1-13), or from a river/canal (MOR=18.4;95%CI: 2-504). Cases from Malapur were more likely to drink from a river/canal (MOR=6.2; 95%CI: 0.6-196). Cases from both villages were significantly more likely to visit the forest (MOR 6.3; 95%CI: 2-30) or another village (MOR 3.5; 95%CI; 0.9-17). Conclusions: This outbreak was caused by Vibrio cholerae, likely through contamination of water in Vishnapur village and/or through drinking river/canal water. We recommended safe drinking water for forest visitors and all residents of these villages and use of regular water testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title="cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20control%20study" title=" case control study"> case control study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminated%20water" title=" contaminated water"> contaminated water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river" title=" river"> river</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30228/outbreak-of-cholera-jalgaon-district-maharastra-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Cholera Model with Treatment Class</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunusa%20Aliyu%20Hadejia">Yunusa Aliyu Hadejia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholera is a gastrointestinal disease caused by a bacterium called Vibrio Cholerae which spread as a result of eating food or drinking water contaminated with feaces from an infected person. In this work we proposed and analyzed the impact of isolating infected people and give them therapeutic treatment, the specific objectives of the research was to formulate a mathematical model of cholera transmission incorporating treatment class, to make analysis on stability of equilibrium points of the model, positivity and boundedness was shown to ensure that the model has a biological meaning, the basic reproduction number was derived by next generation matrix approach. The result of stability analysis show that the Disease free equilibrium was both locally and globally asymptotically stable when R_0< 1 while endemic equilibrium has locally asymptotically stable when R_0> 1. Sensitivity analysis was perform to determine the contribution of each parameter to the basic reproduction number. Numerical simulation was carried out to show the impact of the model parameters using MAT Lab Software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title="mathematical model">mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159867/stability-and-sensitivity-analysis-of-cholera-model-with-treatment-class" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Mechanistic Understanding of the Difference in two Strains Cholerae Causing Pathogens and Predicting Therapeutic Strategies for Cholera Patients Affected with new Strain Vibrio Cholerae El.tor. Using Constrain-based Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiz%20Khan%20Mohammad">Faiz Khan Mohammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saumya%20Ray%20Chaudhari"> Saumya Ray Chaudhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghunathan%20Rengaswamy"> Raghunathan Rengaswamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swagatika%20Sahoo"> Swagatika Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholera caused by pathogenic gut bacteria Vibrio Cholerae (VC), is a major health problem in developing countries. Different strains of VC exhibit variable responses subject to different extracellular medium (Nag et al, Infect Immun, 2018). In this study, we present a new approach to model the variable VC responses in mono- and co-cultures, subject to continuously changing growth medium, which is otherwise difficult via simple FBA model. Nine VC strain and seven E. coli (EC) models were assembled and considered. A continuously changing medium is modelled using a new iterative-based controlled medium technique (ITC). The medium is appropriately prefixed with the VC model secretome. As the flux through the bacteria biomass increases secretes certain by-products. These products shall add-on to the medium, either deviating the nutrient potential or block certain metabolic components of the model, effectively forming a controlled feed-back loop. Different VC models were setup as monoculture of VC in glucose enriched medium, and in co-culture with VC strains and EC. Constrained to glucose enriched medium, (i) VC_Classical model resulted in higher flux through acidic secretome suggesting a pH change of the medium, leading to lowering of its biomass. This is in consonance with the literature reports. (ii) When compared for neutral secretome, flux through acetoin exchange was higher in VC_El tor than the classical models, suggesting El tor requires an acidic partner to lower its biomass. (iii) Seven of nine VC models predicted 3-methyl-2-Oxovaleric acid, mysirtic acid, folic acid, and acetate significantly affect corresponding biomass reactions. (iv) V. parhemolyticus and vulnificus were found to be phenotypically similar to VC Classical strain, across the nine VC strains. The work addresses the advantage of the ITC over regular flux balance analysis for modelling varying growth medium. Future expansion to co-cultures, potentiates the identification of novel interacting partners as effective cholera therapeutics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title="cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrio%20cholera%20El.%20tor" title=" vibrio cholera El. tor"> vibrio cholera El. tor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrio%20cholera%20classical" title=" vibrio cholera classical"> vibrio cholera classical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetate" title=" acetate"> acetate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144406/mechanistic-understanding-of-the-difference-in-two-strains-cholerae-causing-pathogens-and-predicting-therapeutic-strategies-for-cholera-patients-affected-with-new-strain-vibrio-cholerae-eltor-using-constrain-based-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Wind Direction and Its Linkage with Vibrio cholerae Dissemination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shlomit%20Paz">Shlomit Paz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meir%20Broza"> Meir Broza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It has a short incubation period and produces an enterotoxin that causes copious, painless, watery diarrhoea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not promptly given. In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the feces of an infected person. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water. Cholera remains a global threat and is one of the key indicators of social development. An estimated 3-5 million cases and over 100,000 deaths occur each year around the world. The relevance of climatic events as causative factors for cholera epidemics is well known. However, the examination of the involvement of winds in intra-continental disease distribution is new. The study explore the hypothesis that the spreading of cholera epidemics may be related to the dominant wind direction over land by presenting the influence of the wind direction on windborn dissemination by flying insects, which may serve as vectors. Chironomids ("non-biting midges“) exist in the majority of freshwater aquatic habitats, especially in estuarine and organic-rich water bodies typical to Vibrio cholerae. Chironomid adults emerge into the air for mating and dispersion. They are highly mobile, huge in number and found frequently in the air at various elevations. The huge number of chironomid egg masses attached to hard substrate on the water surface, serve as a reservoir for the free-living Vibrio bacteria. Both male and female, while emerging from the water, may carry the cholera bacteria. In experimental simulation, it was demonstrated that the cholera-bearing adult midges are carried by the wind, and transmit the bacteria from one body of water to another. In our previous study, the geographic diffusions of three cholera outbreaks were examined through their linkage with the wind direction: a) the progress of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor in Africa during 1970–1971 and b) again in 2005–2006; and c) the rapid spread of Vibrio cholerae O139 over India during 1992–1993. Using data and map of cholera dissemination (WHO database) and mean monthly SLP and geopotential data (NOAA NCEP-NCAR database), analysis of air pressure data at sea level and at several altitudes over Africa, India and Bangladesh show a correspondence between the dominant wind direction and the intra-continental spread of cholera. The results support the hypothesis that aeroplankton (the tiny life forms that float in the air and that may be caught and carried upward by the wind, landing far from their origin) carry the cholera bacteria from one body of water to an adjacent one. In addition to these findings, the current follow-up study will present new results regarding the possible involvement of winds in the spreading of cholera in recent outbreaks (2010-2013). The findings may improve the understanding of how climatic factors are involved in the rapid distribution of new strains throughout a vast continental area. Awareness of the aerial transfer of Vibrio cholerae may assist health authorities by improving the prediction of the disease’s geographic dissemination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title="cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vibrio%20cholerae" title=" Vibrio cholerae"> Vibrio cholerae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20direction" title=" wind direction"> wind direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vibrio%20cholerae%20dissemination" title=" Vibrio cholerae dissemination"> Vibrio cholerae dissemination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20099/wind-direction-and-its-linkage-with-vibrio-cholerae-dissemination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Genetic and Phenotypic Variability Among the Vibrio Cholerae O1 Isolates of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreeja%20Shaw">Sreeja Shaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prosenjit%20Samanta"> Prosenjit Samanta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asish%20Kumar%20Mukhopadhyay"> Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cholera is still a global public health burden and is caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups. Evidence from recent outbreaks in Haiti and Yemen suggested that circulating V. cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains are continuously changing to cause more ruinous outbreaks worldwide, and most of them have emerged from the Indian subcontinents. Therefore, we studied the changing virulence characteristics along with the antibiotic resistance profile of V. cholerae O1strains isolated from seasonal outbreaks in three cholera endemic regions during 2018, Gujarat and Maharashtra in Western India (87 strains), and to compare those features with the isolates of West Bengal in Eastern India (48 strains) collected during the same period. All the strains from Western India were of Ogawa serotype, polymyxin B-sensitive, hemolytic, and contained a large fragment deletion in VSP-II genomic region similar with Yemen outbreak strains and carried more virulent Haitian genetic alleles of major virulence associated genes ctxB, tcpA, and rtxA. Conversely, 14.6% (7/48) of the strains from Eastern India were belong to the Inaba serotype, polymyxin B-resistant, non-hemolytic, harbored intact VSP-II region, classical ctxB, Haitian tcpA, and El Tor rtxA alleles. Interestingly, resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol was seen in isolates from both regions, which are not very common among V. cholerae O1 isolates in India. Therefore, this study indicated West Bengal as a diverse region where two different types of El Tor variant hypervirulent strains are co-existed, probably competing for their better environmental survival, which may result in severe irrepressible disease outcome in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title="cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrio%20cholerae" title=" vibrio cholerae"> vibrio cholerae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymyxin%20B" title=" polymyxin B"> polymyxin B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Non-hemolytic" title=" Non-hemolytic"> Non-hemolytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ctxB" title=" ctxB"> ctxB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tcpA" title=" tcpA"> tcpA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rtxA" title=" rtxA"> rtxA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VSP-II" title=" VSP-II"> VSP-II</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143559/genetic-and-phenotypic-variability-among-the-vibrio-cholerae-o1-isolates-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> The Making of a Male: Narrative Analysis of the Protagonist in Cholera District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behre%20O.%20Ozalp">Behre O. Ozalp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cinema is a reflection of the society, as much as it captures the social codes. These codes are learned within the society; and through movies these practices of the gender order are reproduced as well. One of the best examples engendering these codes is a modern classic of Turkish cinema, Cholera District (1997), originally Ağır Roman in Turkish. It is a coming of age movie of a teenage boy in an old neighborhood of Istanbul, where he learns to be a 'man' through the hegemonic masculinity codes of the society. The corporal and verbal practices that are used in the representation of the male protagonist's portrayal is based on his performativity. This paper, through narrative analysis of the aforementioned movie, reviews how gender and narrative are intertwined within the context of queer theory. The methodology follows the protagonist's object of desire while evaluating his heterosexuality which requires affirmative performances. The framework of the study firstly focuses on the protagonist's own life and his interactions with the males of his kinship. Later, the focus gravitates towards his interactions with the female object of desire while evaluating how this relationship shapes his status in society. Lastly, the study focuses on the relationship between the protagonist and non-relative males of the neighborhood. The journey of a young male becoming a man by copying the other males delivers a clear representation of how heterosexuality is favored in terms of gender order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hegemonic%20masculinity" title="hegemonic masculinity">hegemonic masculinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performativity" title=" performativity"> performativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queer%20theory" title=" queer theory"> queer theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20cinema" title=" Turkish cinema"> Turkish cinema</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95621/the-making-of-a-male-narrative-analysis-of-the-protagonist-in-cholera-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Rescaling Global Health and International Relations: Globalization of Health in a Low Security Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Argurio">F. Argurio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20G.%20Vaccaro"> F. G. Vaccaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a global environment defined by ever-increasing health issues, in spite of the progress made by modern medicine, this paper seeks to readdress the question of global health in an international relations perspective. The research hypothesis is: the lower the security environment, the higher the spread of communicable diseases. This question will be channeled by re-scaling the connotation of 'global' and 'international' dimension through the theoretical lens of glocalization, a theory by Bauman that starts its analysis from simple systems to get to the most complex ones. Glocalization theory will be operationalized by analyzing health in an armed-conflict context. In this respect, the independent variable 'low security environment' translates into the cases of Syria and Yemen, which provide a clear example of the all-encompassing nature of conflict on national health and the effects on regional development. In fact, Syria and Yemen have been affected by poliomyelitis and cholera outbreaks respectively. The dependent variable will be constructed on said communicable diseases which belong to the families of sanitation-related and vaccine-preventable diseases. The research will be both qualitative and quantitative, based on primary (interviews) and secondary (WHO and other NGO’s reports) sources. The methodology is based on the assessment of the vaccine coverage and case-analysis in time and space using epidemiological data. Moreover, local health facilities’ functioning and efficiency will be studied. The article posits that the intervention and cooperation of international organizations with the local authorities becomes crucial to provide the local populations with their primary health needs. In Yemen, the majority of fatal cholera cases were in the regions controlled by the Houthi rebels, not officially accredited by the International Community. Similarly, the polio outbreak in Syria primarily affected the areas not controlled by the Syrian Arab Republic forces, recognized as the leading interlocutor by the WHO. The jeopardized possibilities to access these countries have been pivotal to the determining the problem in controlling sanitation-related and vaccine preventable diseases. This represents a potential threat to global health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20in%20conflict-affected%20areas" title="health in conflict-affected areas">health in conflict-affected areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title=" cholera"> cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polio" title=" polio"> polio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemen" title=" Yemen"> Yemen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syria" title=" Syria"> Syria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glocalization" title=" glocalization"> glocalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90398/rescaling-global-health-and-international-relations-globalization-of-health-in-a-low-security-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Challenges of Solid Waste Management: Insights into the Management and Disposal Behaviour in Bauchi Metropolis of Northeast Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salisu%20Abdullahi%20Dalhat">Salisu Abdullahi Dalhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Aliyu%20Adamu"> Ibrahim Aliyu Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Magaji"> Abubakar Magaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridwan%20Adebola%20Adedigba"> Ridwan Adebola Adedigba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examined the municipal solid waste disposal methods and the environmental issues associated with the management of solid waste in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria. Data were obtained through the administration of structured questionnaires, oral interviews, and field observations, as well as the desk review method. The research identifies how the city was composed of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials, which are mostly paper waste, polythene, and plastic materials. Most of the solid wastes are left unattended for a long period. Poor design of dump sites, ineffective management of urban development plans, and poor enforcement of environmental laws were observed to be the major causes of poor waste management, and in a few areas where large waste containers are provided, they are hardly used by the community. The major environmental issues resulting from improper disposal and poor management of solid waste in the Bauchi metropolis are a nuisance of the waste to the environment, emitting of methane gas which contributes to climate change, blockage of drainages during rainstorms causing flooding within the metropolis as well as the decomposition of such waste leading to contamination of groundwater thereby leading to the cholera outbreak. Relevant stakeholders should, without compromise, design enforceable short, workable bye-laws; local supervisors should be stationed at the designated dump sites across the city as well as public enlightenment/sensitization campaigns could be the way out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable" title="biodegradable">biodegradable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera%20outbreak" title=" cholera outbreak"> cholera outbreak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste" title=" solid waste"> solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20management" title=" solid waste management"> solid waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156303/challenges-of-solid-waste-management-insights-into-the-management-and-disposal-behaviour-in-bauchi-metropolis-of-northeast-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Bacteremia Caused by Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae in an Immunocompromised Patient in Istanbul, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Koksal%20%C3%87akirlar">Fatma Koksal Çakirlar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%CC%87nem%20Ozdemir"> Si̇nem Ozdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selcan%20Akyol"> Selcan Akyol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Revazi%CC%87ye%20Gulesen"> Revazi̇ye Gulesen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Gunaydin"> Murat Gunaydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevri%CC%87ye%20Gonullu"> Nevri̇ye Gonullu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkis%20Levent"> Belkis Levent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuri%CC%87%20Kiraz"> Nuri̇ Kiraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 are the causative agent of epidemic or pandemic cholera. V. cholerae O1 is generally accepted as a non-invasive enterotoxigenic organism causing gastroenteritis of various severities. Non-O1 V. cholerae can cause small outbreaks of diarrhea due to consumption of contaminated food and water. Particularly, the patients with achlorydria have a risk for vibrio infections. There are numerous case reports of bacteremia caused by vibrio in patients with predisposing conditions like cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes, hematologic malignancy, gastrectomy, and AIDS. We described in this study the first case of nontoxigenic, non-01/non-O139 V. cholerae isolated from the blood culture of a 77-year-old female patient with hipertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, gout and about 9 years ago migrated breast cancer history. The patient with complaints of shortness of breath, fever and malaise admitted to our emergency clinic were evaluated. There was no diarrhea or abdominal symptoms in the patient. No growth in her urine culture, but blood culture (BACTEC 9120 system, Becton Dickinson, USA) was positive for non-01/non-O139 V. cholerae that was identified by conventional methods and Phoenix automated system (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD). It does not secrete the cholera toxin. The agglutination test was negative with polyvalent O1 antisera and O139 antiserum. Empirically ceftriaxone was administered to the patient and she was discharged with improvement in general condition. In this study we report bacteremia by non-01/non-O139 V. cholerae that is rare in the worldwide and first in Turkey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteremia" title="bacteremia">bacteremia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20culture" title=" blood culture"> blood culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunocompromised%20patient" title=" immunocompromised patient"> immunocompromised patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Non-O1%20vibrio%20cholerae" title=" Non-O1 vibrio cholerae "> Non-O1 vibrio cholerae </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40506/bacteremia-caused-by-nontoxigenic-vibrio-cholerae-in-an-immunocompromised-patient-in-istanbul-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Weighing the Economic Cost of Illness Due to Dysentery and Cholera Triggered by Poor Sanitation in Rural Faisalabad, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Asif%20Ali%20Naqvi">Syed Asif Ali Naqvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azeem%20Tufail"> Muhammad Azeem Tufail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inadequate sanitation causes direct costs of treating illnesses and loss of income through reduced productivity. This study estimated the economic cost of health (ECH) due to poor sanitation and factors determining the lack of access to latrine for the rural, backward hamlets and slums of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Cross sectional data were collected and analyzed for the study. As the population under study was homogenous in nature, it is why a simple random sampling technique was used for the collection of data. Data of 440 households from 4 tehsils were gathered. The ordinary least square (OLS) model was used for health cost analysis, and the Probit regression model was employed for determining the factors responsible for inaccess to toilets. The results of the study showed that condition of toilets, situation of sewerage system, access to adequate sanitation, Cholera, diarrhea and dysentery, Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) maintenance, source of medical treatment can plausibly have a significant connection with the dependent variable. Outcomes of the second model showed that the variables of education, family system, age, and type of dwelling have positive and significant sway with the dependent variable. Variable of age depicted an insignificant association with access to toilets. Variable of monetary expenses would negatively influence the dependent variable. Findings revealed the fact, health risks are often exacerbated by inadequate sanitation, and ultimately, the cost on health also surges. Public and community toilets for youths and social campaigning are suggested for public policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation" title="sanitation">sanitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toilet" title=" toilet"> toilet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20cost%20of%20health" title=" economic cost of health"> economic cost of health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punjab" title=" Punjab"> Punjab</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132341/weighing-the-economic-cost-of-illness-due-to-dysentery-and-cholera-triggered-by-poor-sanitation-in-rural-faisalabad-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Impact of Flooding on Food Calorie Intake and Health Outcomes among Small Holder Farm Households in Koton Karfe Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cornelius%20Michael%20Ekenta">Cornelius Michael Ekenta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aderonke%20Bashirat%20Mohammed"> Aderonke Bashirat Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefi%20Ahmed"> Sefi Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research examined the impact of flooding on food calorie intake and health challenges among smallholder farm households in Koton Karfe Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select 130 farm households in selected villages in the area. Primary data were generated through the administration of a well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Double Difference Estimator (DDE), Calorie Intake Estimation Function, t-test, and multiple regressions. The result shows that farm households lost an average of 132, 950kg of selected crops amounting to about N20m ($56, 542) loose in income. Food daily calorie intake indicates a loss of an average of 715.18Kcal, showing a significant difference in calorie intake before and after flooding (t = 2.0629) at 5% probability. Furthermore, the health challenges most prevalent during flooding were malaria fever, typhoid fever, cholera, and dysentery. The determinants of daily calorie intake were age, household size, level of income, flooding, health challenges, and food price. The study concluded that flooding had negative impacts on crop output and income, daily food calorie intact, and health challenges of a farm household in the study area. It was recommended that the State Government should make adequate and proper arrangements to relocate residents of the area at the warning of possible flooding by the National Metrological Centre and should, through the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), provide relieve items to the residents to cushion the effects of the flooding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorie" title="calorie">calorie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title=" cholera"> cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding" title=" flooding"> flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20challenges" title=" health challenges"> health challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130308/impact-of-flooding-on-food-calorie-intake-and-health-outcomes-among-small-holder-farm-households-in-koton-karfe-local-government-area-of-kogi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Effector and Memory Immune Responses Induced by Total Extracts of Naegleria fowleri Co-Administered with Cholera Toxin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20B.%20Maria%20de%20la%20Luz%20Ortega%20Ju%C3%A1rez">Q. B. Maria de la Luz Ortega Juárez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%BAl%20Rojas%20Hern%C3%A1ndez"> Saúl Rojas Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itzel%20Berenice%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20Mera"> Itzel Berenice Rodríguez Mera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Maricela%20Carrasco%20Y%C3%A9pez"> María Maricela Carrasco Yépez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mara%20Gutierrez%20S%C3%A1nchez"> Mara Gutierrez Sánchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba found mainly in temperate freshwater and is the etiologic agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fatal acute disease with a mortality rate greater than 95%. At present, there are no treatments available for MAP, and the development of effective vaccines that generate long-term immunological memory allowing protection against MAP would be of great importance. The objective of this work was to analyze the effector and memory immune response in BALB/c mice immunized with total extract of N. fowleri co-administered with cholera toxin. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized four times intranasally with ET of N. fowleri adjuvanted with CT with or without booster at three months and were challenged or not with the lethal dose of N. fowleri, determining survival, the humoral, effector and memory response, by ELISA and flow cytometry techniques. The results obtained showed that the survival of mice immunized with booster had 60% protection compared to the group without booster, which obtained 20% protection. Evaluating the humoral response, it was found that both IgG and IgA levels were higher in sera than in nasal washes in both treatments. In the cellular response, the increase in the percentage of positive cells was found for effector T and B lymphocytes in the nasal passages (NP) in the group with boost and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the group without boost and lymphocytes only. B in both treatments, as well as in memory cells treatment with boost T lymphocytes in PN and NALT and without boost in cervical lymph nodes (CG) with respect to B lymphocytes, in PN, GC and NALT in treatment with boost and NALT in treatment without booster. Therefore, the involvement of the effector immune response and memory play a fundamental role for protection against N. fowleri and for the development of vaccine candidates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20response" title="immune response">immune response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunological%20memory" title=" immunological memory"> immunological memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naegleria%20fowleri" title=" naegleria fowleri"> naegleria fowleri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20amebic%20meningoencephalitis" title=" primary amebic meningoencephalitis"> primary amebic meningoencephalitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166460/effector-and-memory-immune-responses-induced-by-total-extracts-of-naegleria-fowleri-co-administered-with-cholera-toxin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Bioinformatic Design of a Non-toxic Modified Adjuvant from the Native A1 Structure of Cholera Toxin with Membrane Synthetic Peptide of Naegleria fowleri</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frida%20Carrillo%20Morales">Frida Carrillo Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Maricela%20Carrasco%20Y%C3%A9pez"> Maria Maricela Carrasco Yépez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%BAl%20Rojas%20Hern%C3%A1ndez"> Saúl Rojas Hernández</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis, this disease is acute and fulminant that affects humans. It has been reported that despite the existence of therapeutic options against this disease, its mortality rate is 97%. Therefore, the need arises to have vaccines that confer protection against this disease and, in addition to developing adjuvants to enhance the immune response. In this regard, in our work group, we obtained a peptide designed from the membrane protein MP2CL5 of Naegleria fowleri called Smp145 that was shown to be immunogenic; however, it would be of great importance to enhance its immunological response, being able to co-administer it with a non-toxic adjuvant. Therefore, the objective of this work was to carry out the bioinformatic design of a peptide of the Naegleria fowleri membrane protein MP2CL5 conjugated with a non-toxic modified adjuvant from the native A1 structure of Cholera Toxin. For which different bioinformatics tools were used to obtain a model with a modification in amino acid 61 of the A1 subunit of the CT (CTA1), to which the Smp145 peptide was added and both molecules were joined with a 13-glycine linker. As for the results obtained, the modification in CTA1 bound to the peptide produces a reduction in the toxicity of the molecule in in silico experiments, likewise, the prediction in the binding of Smp145 to the receptor of B cells suggests that the molecule is directed in specifically to the BCR receptor, decreasing its native enzymatic activity. The stereochemical evaluation showed that the generated model has a high number of adequately predicted residues. In the ERRAT test, the confidence with which it is possible to reject regions that exceed the error values was evaluated, in the generated model, a high score was obtained, which determines that the model has a good structural resolution. Therefore, the design of the conjugated peptide in this work will allow us to proceed with its chemical synthesis and subsequently be able to use it in the mouse meningitis protection model caused by N. fowleri. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunology" title="immunology">immunology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccines" title=" vaccines"> vaccines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title=" pathogens"> pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title=" infectious disease"> infectious disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166457/bioinformatic-design-of-a-non-toxic-modified-adjuvant-from-the-native-a1-structure-of-cholera-toxin-with-membrane-synthetic-peptide-of-naegleria-fowleri" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Effects of Inadequate Domestic Water Supply on Human Health in Selected Neighbourhoods of Lokoja, Kogi State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Folorunsho%20J.%20O.">Folorunsho J. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20M.%20A."> Umar M. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to potable water supply in both the rural and urban regions of the world has been neglected, and this has severely affected man and the aesthetics of the natural environment of man. This has further worsened the issue of diseases prevalence. This study considered the effects of inadequate domestic water supply on human health in selected neighbourhoods of Lokoja. The study used descriptive statistics such as relative frequencies, percentages and inferential statistics to analyse the data obtained through the use of structured questionnaire. The results revealed that the females and male constituted 56% and 44% of the respondents respectively; 62% of the respondents married and 32% are unmarried; respondents between ages 31 and 40 years constitute majority of the study population, while respondents with tertiary education constituted 35%, and those with secondary education were 32% of the total respondents. Furthermore, civil servants constituted 40% and unemployed 16% of the total respondents. In terms of monthly income, 40% of the respondents was found to earn between ₦31,000 - 40,000 monthly. On the perception of households on the availability and adequacy of domestic water supply, the study revealed that 64.7% of the respondents have pipe-borne water as their main source of water supply, with only 28.5% out of the 64.7% have pipe-borne water supply daily. On the relationship between water supply characteristics and health status among households, the result shows that 76% of the respondents perceived a strong relationship between water supply and health status. Cumulatively, 67% of the respondents confirm that both the quality and quantity of water supplied play a critical role in determining health status of residents of the study area. The respondents also reported skin diseases (96%), diarrhoea (96%), malaria (91%), cholera (67%), dysentery (67%), and respiratory diseases (67%) as the most perceived and experienced in the area, the disease rate in the prevalence order of malaria (81%), diarrhoea (61%), skin diseases (58%), cholera (34%), dysentery (31%) and respiratory disease (14%) respectively. Finally, the results further showed how households cope with inadequate water supply with 52% of the respondents confirm that they regularly treat their water before it was deployed for domestic uses, while 35%, 26%, 25%, 10% and 4% of the 52% respectively, adopted boiling, addition of alums, filtering with fabrics, chlorination and bleaching as the preferred treatment methods. The study thus recommended policy options that will aggressively launch adequate potable water supply infrastructure in the study area.Keywords: Potable Water, Supply, Human Health, Perception, Chlorination <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potable%20water" title="potable water">potable water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health" title=" human health"> human health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorination" title=" chlorination"> chlorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172733/effects-of-inadequate-domestic-water-supply-on-human-health-in-selected-neighbourhoods-of-lokoja-kogi-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Environmental Contamination of Water Bodies by Waste Produced by Slaughterhouses and the Prevalence of Waterborne Diseases in Kumba Municipality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maturin%20D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9%20Sop%20Sop">Maturin Désiré Sop Sop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didien%20Njumba%20Besende"> Didien Njumba Besende</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Fosso%20Wamba"> Samuel Fosso Wamba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study seeks to examine the nexus between drinking water sources in the Kumba municipality and its related health implications vis-à-vis the recurrent incidences of waterborne diseases such as Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Hepatitis A and malaria. The study adopted a purposive sampling technique in which surveys were conducted between the months of June to December 2022. 150 questionnaires were retrieved from the 210 administered to the affected population of Kosala, Buea Road and Mambanda. Information for the study was collected using surveys, questionnaires, key informant interviews, the laboratory analysis of collected drinking water samples, the researcher’s direct observation as well and hospital reports on the prevalence of waterborne diseases. Water samples from the nearby streams and wells, which were communally used by the local population for drinking, and five slaughterhouses within the affected areas were laboratory tested to determine alterations in their chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics. The collected water samples from all the streams and wells used for drinking were tested for changes in properties such as temperature, turbidity, EC, pH, TDS, TSS, Cl, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, Fe, Na, BOD, COD, DO, E.coli and total coliform concentration. These results were then compared with the WHO regulations for water quality. The results from the laboratory analysis of drinking water sources, which were at the same time used by the surrounding abattoirs revealed significant alterations in the water quality parameters such as temperature, turbidity, EC, pH, TDS, TSS, Cl, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, Fe, Na, BOD, COD, DO, E.coli and total coliform concentration. This is due to the channeling of untreated wastes into the different drinking water points as well as the inter-use of dirty utensils such as buckets from slaughterhouses to fetch water from the streams and wells that serve as drinking water sources for the local population. On the human health aspect, the results were later compared with hospital data, and they revealed that the consumption of such contaminated water in the localities of Kosala, Mambanda, and Buea road negatively affected the local population because of the high incidences of Typhoid Cholera, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Hepatitis A and malaria. The poor management of drinking water sources pollutes streams and significantly exposes the local population to lots of waterborne diseases. Efforts should be made to provide clean pipe-borne water to the affected localities of Kumba as well as to ensure the proper management of wastes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title="drinking water">drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diseases" title=" diseases"> diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumba" title=" Kumba"> Kumba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipality" title=" municipality"> municipality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175147/environmental-contamination-of-water-bodies-by-waste-produced-by-slaughterhouses-and-the-prevalence-of-waterborne-diseases-in-kumba-municipality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> The Trend of Epidemics in Population and Body Regulation in Iran (1850-1920)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedfateh%20Moradi">Seyedfateh Moradi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medical issues mark the beginning of a new form of epistemology in nineteenth-century Iran. The emergence of epidemic diseases led to the formation of a medical discourse and conflict over the body which displayed itself in the concept of health progress and development. The discourse attributed to this development in the health system defines the general structure of the given period. This discourse manifested itself in the conflict between the traditional and new medicine. The regulation and classification of body and population reveal the nature of this period. The government attempted to adapt itself to the modern and progressive discourse. This paper seeks to reveal part of this rupture and adaptation around epidemics and modern medical discourse. Also, accepting part of the traditional discourse in the new era, or adapting and integrating parts of it indicate a delegation of part of the power of traditional authorities. The delegation of power arose in the context of the discursive hegemony of Western modernism from which there was no escape. This provided the ground for the acceptance of government and emergence of other discourses. Finally, during the reign of Reza Shah (1922-1942), body and population planning changed into the key issues of government, which created serious tensions in society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic" title="epidemic">epidemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body" title=" body"> body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera" title=" cholera"> cholera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plague" title=" plague"> plague</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165876/the-trend-of-epidemics-in-population-and-body-regulation-in-iran-1850-1920" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Association of Major Histocompatibility Complex Alleles with Antibody Response to Newcastle Vaccine in Chicken</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Esmailnejad">Atefeh Esmailnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholam%20Reza%20Nikbakht%20Brujeni"> Gholam Reza Nikbakht Brujeni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the best-characterized genetic region associated with susceptibility and/or resistance to a wide range of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and immune responses to vaccines. It has been demonstrated that there is an association between the MHC and resistance to Marek disease, Newcastle disease, Rous sarcoma tumor, Avian leucosis, Fowl cholera, Salmonellosis and Pasteurellosis in chicken. The present study evaluated the MHC polymorphism and its association with antibody response to Newcastle (ND) vaccine in Iranian native chickens. The MHC polymorphism was investigated using LEI0258 microsatellite locus by PCR-based fragment analysis. LEI0258 microsatellite marker is a genetic indicator for MHC, which is located on microchromosome 16 and strongly associated with serologically defined MHC haplotypes. Antibody titer against ND vaccine was measured by Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21). Total of 13 LEI0258 microsatellite alleles were identified in 72 samples which indicated a high genetic diversity in the population. The association study revealed a significant influence of MHC alleles on immune responses to Newcastle vaccine. 311 and 313 bp alleles were significantly associated with elevated immune responses to Newcastle vaccine (p<0.05). These results would be applicable in designing and improving the populations under selective breeding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken" title="chicken">chicken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEI0258" title=" LEI0258"> LEI0258</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHC" title=" MHC"> MHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newcastle%20vaccine" title=" Newcastle vaccine"> Newcastle vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67912/association-of-major-histocompatibility-complex-alleles-with-antibody-response-to-newcastle-vaccine-in-chicken" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Multiple Etiologies and Incidences of Co-Infections in Childhood Diarrhea in a Hospital Based Screening Study in Odisha, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpit%20K.%20Shrivastava">Arpit K. Shrivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirmal%20K.%20Mohakud"> Nirmal K. Mohakud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrat%20Kumar"> Subrat Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyadarshi%20S.%20Sahu"> Priyadarshi S. Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among children less than five years of age. Multiple etiologies have been implicated for infectious gastroenteritis causing acute diarrhea. In our study fecal samples (n=165) were collected from children (<5 years) presenting with symptoms of acute diarrhea. Samples were screened for viral, bacterial, and parasitic etiologies such as Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (EPEC, EHEC, STEC, O157, O111), Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholera, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. The overall results from our study showed that 57% of children below 5 years of age with acute diarrhea were positive for at least one infectious etiology. Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli was detected to be the major etiological agent (29.09%) followed by Rotavirus (24.24%), Shigella (21.21%), Adenovirus (5.45%), Cryptosporidium (2.42%), and Giardia (0.60%). Among the different DEC strains, EPEC was detected significantly higher in <2 years children in comparison to >2 years age group (p =0.001). Concurrent infections with two or more pathogens were observed in 47 of 160 (28.48%) cases with a predominant incidence particularly in <2-year-old children (66.66%) compared to children of 2 to 5 years age group. Co-infection of Rotavirus with Shigella was the most frequent combination, which was detected in 17.94% cases, followed by Rotavirus with EPEC (15.38%) and Shigella with STEC (12.82%). Detection of multiple infectious etiologies and diagnosis of the right causative agent(s) can immensely help in better management of acute childhood diarrhea. In future more studies focusing on the detection of cases with concurrent infections must be carried out, as we believe that the etiological agents might be complementing each other’s strategies of pathogenesis resulting in severe diarrhea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-infection" title=" co-infection"> co-infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20diarrhea" title=" infectious diarrhea"> infectious diarrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odisha" title=" Odisha"> Odisha</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61397/multiple-etiologies-and-incidences-of-co-infections-in-childhood-diarrhea-in-a-hospital-based-screening-study-in-odisha-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Prospects of Milk Protein as a Potential Alternative of Natural Antibiotic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syeda%20Fahria%20Hoque%20Mimmi">Syeda Fahria Hoque Mimmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many new and promising treatments for reducing or diminishing the adverse effects of microorganisms are being discovered day by day. On the other hand, the dairy industry is accelerating the economic wheel of Bangladesh. Considering all these facts, new thoughts were developed to isolate milk proteins by the present experiment for opening up a new era of developing natural antibiotics from milk. Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein with multifunctional properties, is crucial to strengthening the immune system and also useful for commercial applications. The protein’s iron-binding capacity makes it undoubtedly advantageous to immune system modulation and different bacterial strains. For fulfilling the purpose, 4 of raw and 17 of commercially available milk samples were collected from different farms and stores in Bangladesh (Dhaka, Chittagong, and Cox’s Bazar). Protein quantification by nanodrop technology has confirmed that raw milk samples have better quantities of protein than the commercial ones. All the samples were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 18 pathogens, where raw milk samples showed a higher percentage of antibacterial activity. In addition to this, SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) was performed to identify lactoferrin in the milk samples. Lactoferrin was detected in 9 samples from which 4 were raw milk samples. Interestingly, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterotoxigenic E. coli significantly displayed sensitivity against lactoferrin collected from raw milk. Only Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis, and ETEC (Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli) were susceptible to lactoferrin obtained from a commercial one. This study suggested that lactoferrin might be used as the potential alternative of antibiotics for many diseases and also can be used to reduce microbial deterioration in the food and feed industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20of%20antibiotics" title="alternative of antibiotics">alternative of antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercially%20available%20milk" title=" commercially available milk"> commercially available milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactoferrin" title=" lactoferrin"> lactoferrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanodrop%20technology" title=" nanodrop technology"> nanodrop technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title=" pathogens"> pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raw%20milk" title=" raw milk"> raw milk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116013/prospects-of-milk-protein-as-a-potential-alternative-of-natural-antibiotic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Ethno-Botanical Research on Medicinal Plants Commonly Used for Children’s Health in South East Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chioma%20J.%20Nwakamma">Chioma J. Nwakamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blessing%20O.%20Oyedemi"> Blessing O. Oyedemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garuba%20Omosun"> Garuba Omosun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research surveys and documents information on medicinal plants and their botanical preparations used in the treatment of children’s ailments in South-Eastern Nigeria. Children under the age of 5 in developing countries suffer from diseases with high morbidity and mortality rate yearly due to inaccessible and unaffordable healthcare. Structured questionnaires were administered to herbal sellers, traditional medicine practitioners, nursing mothers, and adult dwellers to collect data on the names of plants used to treat the conditions, methods of preparation, duration of treatment, adverse effects, and the methods of administration of the plant materials. A total of 135 plants belonging to 55 families were identified for the management of children’s health in the area. Common pediatric ailments which were said to be treated with herbal remedies by the respondents included malaria, pneumonia, stomach ache, diarrhea, dysentery, measles, chickenpox/smallpox, convulsion, jaundice, pile, ringworm, scabies, eczema, stubborn cough, scurvy, catarrh, wounds, boils, insect bites, food poison, cholera, and umbilical cord complications. Percentages of respondents were; herbal sellers (48.2%), traditional medical practitioners (21.6%), nursing mothers (11.1%), and others (19.1%). The most occurring plant families were Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, and Apocynaceae, with 8 species of plants each followed by Annonaceae and Asteriaceae with 7 and 6 species, respectively. The recipes were made from the combination of different parts of two or more plant species, and others were made from single plant parts. Methods of extraction were mostly decoction and raw-squeezing out of the juice and infusion, while oral administration was the main route of administration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethno-botanicals" title="ethno-botanicals">ethno-botanicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%E2%80%99s%20health" title=" children’s health"> children’s health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South-Eastern%20Nigeria" title=" South-Eastern Nigeria"> South-Eastern Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153392/ethno-botanical-research-on-medicinal-plants-commonly-used-for-childrens-health-in-south-east-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Assessing Solid Waste Management Practices and Health Impacts in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perpetual%20Onyejelem">Perpetual Onyejelem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenichi%20Matsui"> Kenichi Matsui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid waste management has recently posed urgent challenges to environmental sustainability and public health in emerging Sub-Saharan urban centers. This paper examines solid waste management in Port Harcourt, the rapidly growing city in Nigeria, with a focus on current solid waste management practices and its health implications. To do so we analyzed past academic papers and official documents. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and its four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria were utilized as part of a systematic literature review technique to identify papers related to solid waste management practices (Scopus and Google Scholar). In terms of policy documents, we focused on information about the implementation between 2014 and 2023. We found that the Rivers State Waste Management Policy and the National Policy on Solid Waste Management were the two most important documents to understand Port Harcourt’s practices. Past studies, however, highlighted that residents continued to dump waste in drainages as they were largely unaware of the policies that encourage them to sort waste. The studies tend to blame the city of its lack of political commitment to monitoring waste sites. Another study highlighted inefficient waste collection practices, the absence of community participation and poor resident awareness of 3R practices. Government documents and past studies tend to agree that an increase in disorderly waste management practices and the emergence of vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, lassa fever, cholera) co-incided in Port Harcourt. This led to increased spending for healthcare for locals, particularly low-income households. This study concludes by making some remedial recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20effects" title="health effects">health effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20management%20practices" title=" solid waste management practices"> solid waste management practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20pollution" title=" environmental pollution"> environmental pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Port%20Harcourt" title=" Port Harcourt"> Port Harcourt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188486/assessing-solid-waste-management-practices-and-health-impacts-in-port-harcourt-city-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Role of Nutrition and Food Engineering in Promoting Sustainable Food Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Khan%20Mohammadi">Sara Khan Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is facing a major challenge of feeding a growing population while ensuring the sustainability of food systems. The United Nations estimates that the global population will reach 9.7 billion by 2050, which means that food production needs to increase by 70% to meet the demand. However, this increase in food production should not come at the cost of environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Therefore, there is a need for sustainable food systems that can provide healthy and nutritious food while minimizing their impact on the environment. Nutrition and Food Engineering: Nutrition and food engineering play a crucial role in promoting sustainable food system. Nutrition is concerned with the study of nutrients in foods, their absorption, metabolism, and their effects on health. Food engineering involves the application of engineering principles to design, develop, and optimize food processing operations. Together, nutrition and food engineering can help to create sustainable food systems by: 1. Developing Nutritious Foods: Nutritionists and food engineers can work together to develop foods that are rich in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, and protein. These foods can be designed to meet the nutritional needs of different populations while minimizing waste. 2. Reducing Food Waste: Food waste is a major problem globally as it contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and wastes resources such as water and land. Nutritionists and food engineers can work together to develop technologies that reduce waste during processing, storage, transportation, and consumption. 3. Improving Food Safety: Unsafe foods can cause illnesses such as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid fever among others which are major public health concerns globally. Nutritionists and food engineers can work together to develop technologies that improve the safety of foods from farm to fork. 4. Enhancing Sustainability: Sustainable agriculture practices such as conservation agriculture can help reduce soil erosion while improving soil fertility. Nutritionists and food engineers can work together to develop technologies that promote sustainable agriculture practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20food" title="sustainable food">sustainable food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20food" title=" developing food"> developing food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reducing%20food%20waste" title=" reducing food waste"> reducing food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166241/the-role-of-nutrition-and-food-engineering-in-promoting-sustainable-food-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Description of Reported Foodborne Diseases in Selected Communities within the Greater Accra Region-Ghana: Epidemiological Review of Surveillance Data </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Osei-Tutu">Benjamin Osei-Tutu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henrietta%20Awewole%20Kolson"> Henrietta Awewole Kolson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Acute gastroenteritis is one of the frequently reported Out-Patient Department (OPD) cases. However, the causative pathogens of these cases are rarely identified at the OPD due to delay in laboratory results or failure to obtain specimens before antibiotics is administered. Method: A retrospective review of surveillance data from the Adentan Municipality, Accra, Ghana that were recorded in the National foodborne disease surveillance system of Ghana, was conducted with the main aim of describing the epidemiology and food practice of cases reported from the Adentan Municipality. The study involved a retrospective review of surveillance data kept on patients who visited health facilities that are involved in foodborne disease surveillance in Ghana, from January 2015 to December 2016. Results: A total of 375 cases were reviewed and these were classified as viral hepatitis (hepatitis A and E), cholera (<em>Vibrio cholerae</em>), dysentery (<em>Shigella</em> sp.), typhoid fever (<em>Salmonella</em> sp.) or gastroenteritis. Cases recorded were all suspected case and the average cases recorded per week was 3. Typhoid fever and dysentery were the two main clinically diagnosed foodborne illnesses. The highest number of cases were observed during the late dry season (Feb to April), which marks the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season. Relatively high number of cases was also observed during the late wet seasons (Jul to Oct) when the rainfall is the heaviest. Home-made food and street vended food were the major sources of suspected etiological food, recording 49.01% and 34.87% of the cases respectively. Conclusion: Majority of cases recorded were classified as gastroenteritis due to the absence of laboratory confirmation. Few cases were classified as typhoid fever and dysentery based on clinical symptoms presented. Patients reporting with foodborne diseases were found to consume home meal and street vended foods as their predominant source of food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accra" title="accra">accra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=etiologic%20food" title=" etiologic food"> etiologic food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20poisoning" title=" food poisoning"> food poisoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastroenteritis" title=" gastroenteritis"> gastroenteritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illness" title=" illness"> illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance" title=" surveillance"> surveillance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88702/description-of-reported-foodborne-diseases-in-selected-communities-within-the-greater-accra-region-ghana-epidemiological-review-of-surveillance-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Impact of Educational Intervention on Hygiene-knowledge and Practices of Sanitation Workers Globally: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alive%20Ntunja">Alive Ntunja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilma%20ten%20Ham-Baloyi"> Wilma ten Ham-Baloyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=June%20Teare"> June Teare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyedele%20Opeoluwa"> Oyedele Opeoluwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Melariri"> Paula Melariri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sanitation workers are also known as “garbage workers” who play a significant role in the sanitation chain. For many generations sanitation workers’ level of knowledge regarding hygiene practices remains low due to a lack of educational programs on hygiene. As a result, they are widely exposed to hygiene-related diseases such as cholera, skin infections and various other diseases, increasing their risk of mortality to 40%. This review aimed to explore the global impact of educational programs on the hygiene knowledge and practices of sanitation workers. The systematic literature search was conducted for studies published between 2013 and 2023 using the following databases: MEDLINE (via EBSCOHost), PubMed, and Google Scholar to identify quantitative studies on the subject. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Evaluation Instruments. Data extracted from the included articles was presented using a summary of findings table and presented graphically through charts and tables, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA assessed the pooled effect of the intervention on mean scores across studies. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office 365 (2019 version), with significance set at p<0.05. The PRISMA flow diagram was used to present the article selection process. The systematic review included 15 eligible studies from a total of 2 777 articles. At least 60% (n=9) of the reviewed studies found educational program relating to hygiene to have a positive impact on sanitation workers’ hygiene knowledge and practices. The findings further showed that the stages (pre-post) of knowledge intervention used lead to statistically significant differences in mean score obtained [F (1,7) = 22.166, p = 0.002]. Likewise, it can be observed that the stages of practice intervention used lead to statistically significant differences in mean score obtained [F (1,7) = 21.857, p = 0.003]. However, most (n=7) studies indicated that, the efficacy of programs on hygiene knowledge and practices is indirectly influenced by educational background, age and work experience (predictor factors). Educational programs regarding hygiene have the potential to significantly improve sanitation workers knowledge and practices. Findings also suggest the implementation of active and intensive intervention programs, to improve sanitation workers hygiene knowledge and practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20programs" title="educational programs">educational programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene%20knowledge" title=" hygiene knowledge"> hygiene knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation%20workers" title=" sanitation workers"> sanitation workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192165/impact-of-educational-intervention-on-hygiene-knowledge-and-practices-of-sanitation-workers-globally-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Characterization of WNK2 Role on Glioma Cells Vesicular Traffic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viviane%20A.%20O.%20Silva">Viviane A. O. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20M.%20Costa"> Angela M. Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glaucia%20N.%20M.%20Hajj"> Glaucia N. M. Hajj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Preto"> Ana Preto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Tansini"> Aline Tansini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Roff%C3%A9"> Martin Roffé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Jordan"> Peter Jordan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20M.%20Reis"> Rui M. Reis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autophagy is a recycling and degradative system suggested to be a major cell death pathway in cancer cells. Autophagy pathway is interconnected with the endocytosis pathways sharing the same ultimate lysosomal destination. Lysosomes are crucial regulators of cell homeostasis, responsible to downregulate receptor signalling and turnover. It seems highly likely that derailed endocytosis can make major contributions to several hallmarks of cancer. WNK2, a member of the WNK (with-no-lysine [K]) subfamily of protein kinases, had been found downregulated by its promoter hypermethylation, and has been proposed to act as a specific tumour-suppressor gene in brain tumors. Although some contradictory studies indicated WNK2 as an autophagy modulator, its role in cancer cell death is largely unknown. There is also growing evidence for additional roles of WNK kinases in vesicular traffic. Aim: To evaluate the role of WNK2 in autophagy and endocytosis on glioma context. Methods: Wild-type (wt) A172 cells (WNK2 promoter-methylated), and A172 transfected either with an empty vector (Ev) or with a WNK2 expression vector, were used to assess the cellular basal capacities to promote autophagy, through western blot and flow-cytometry analysis. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of WNK2 on general endocytosis trafficking routes by immunofluorescence. Results: The re-expression of ectopic WNK2 did not interfere with autophagy-related protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) expression levels as well as did not promote mTOR signaling pathway alteration when compared with Ev or wt A172 cells. However, the restoration of WNK2 resulted in a marked increase (8 to 92,4%) of Acidic Vesicular Organelles formation (AVOs). Moreover, our results also suggest that WNK2 cells promotes delay in uptake and internalization rate of cholera toxin B and transferrin ligands. Conclusions: The restoration of WNK2 interferes in vesicular traffic during endocytosis pathway and increase AVOs formation. This results also suggest the role of WNK2 in growth factor receptor turnover related to cell growth and homeostasis and associates one more time, WNK2 silencing contribution in genesis of gliomas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title="autophagy">autophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endocytosis" title=" endocytosis"> endocytosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glioma" title=" glioma"> glioma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WNK2" title=" WNK2"> WNK2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64895/characterization-of-wnk2-role-on-glioma-cells-vesicular-traffic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Microbiological Assessment of Soft Cheese (Wara), Raw Milk and Dairy Drinking Water from Selected Farms in Ido, Ibadan, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blessing%20C.%20Nwachukwu">Blessing C. Nwachukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20O.%20Taiwo"> Michael O. Taiwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasiu%20A.%20Abibu"> Wasiu A. Abibu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20O.%20Ayodeji"> Isaac O. Ayodeji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Milk is an important source of micro and macronutrients for humans. Soft Cheese (Wara) is an example of a by-product of milk. In addition, water is considered as one of the most vital resources in cattle farms. Due to the high consumption rate of milk and soft cheese and the traditional techniques involved in their production in Nigeria, there was a need for a microbiological assessment which will be of utmost public health importance. The study thus investigated microbial risk assessments associated with consumption of milk and soft cheese (Wara). It also investigated common pathogens present in dairy water in farms and antibiotic sensitivity profiling for implicated pathogens were conducted. Samples were collected from three different Fulani dairy herds in Ido local government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria and subjected to microbiological evaluation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Aspergillus flavus was the only isolated fungal isolate from Wara while Staphylococcus aureus, Vibro cholera, Hafnia alvei, Proteus mirabilis, Escherishia coli, Psuedomonas aeuroginosa, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumonia were the bacteria genera isolated from Wara, dairy milk and dairy drinking water. Bacterial counts from Wara from the three selected farms A, B and C were 3.5×105 CFU/ml, 4.0×105 CFU/ml and 5.3×105 CFU/ml respectively while the fungal count was 3CFU/100µl. The total bacteria count from dairy milk from the three selected farms A, B and C were Farms 2.0 ×105 CFU/ml, 3.5 × 105 CFU/ml and 6.5 × 105 CFU/ml respectively. 1.4×105 CFU/ml, 1.9×105 CFU/ml and 4.9×105 CFU/ml were the recorded bacterial counts from dairy water from farms A, B and C respectively. The highest antimicrobial resistance of 100% was recorded in Wara with Enrofloxacin, Gentamycin, Cefatriaxone and Colistin. The highest antimicrobial susceptibility of 100% was recorded in Raw milk with Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin. Highest antimicrobial intermediate response of 100% was recorded in Raw milk with Streptomycin. The study revealed that most of the cheeses sold at Ido local Government are contaminated with pathogens. Further research is needed on standardizing the production method to prevent pathogens from gaining access. The presence of bacteria in raw milk indicated contamination due to poor handling and unhygienic practices. Thus, drinking unpasteurized milk is hazardous as it increases the risk of zoonoses. Also, the Provision of quality drinking water is crucial for optimum productivity of dairy. Health education programs aiming at increasing awareness of the importance of clean water for animal health will be helpful. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy" title="dairy">dairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raw%20milk" title=" raw milk"> raw milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20cheese" title=" soft cheese"> soft cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wara" title=" Wara"> Wara</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122349/microbiological-assessment-of-soft-cheese-wara-raw-milk-and-dairy-drinking-water-from-selected-farms-in-ido-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Assessing Solid Waste Management Practices in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perpetual%20Onyejelem">Perpetual Onyejelem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenichi%20Matsui"> Kenichi Matsui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid waste management is one essential area for urban administration to achieve environmental sustainability. Proper solid waste management (SWM) improves the environment by reducing diseases and increasing public health. On the other way, improper SWM practices negatively impact public health and environmental sustainability. This article evaluates SWM in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, with the goal of determining the current solid waste management practices and their health implications. This study used secondary data, which relies on existing published literature and official documents. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and its four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria were utilized as part of a systematic literature review technique to locate the literature that concerns SWM practices and the implementation of solid waste management policies between 2014-2023 in PortHarcourt and its health effects from specific databases (Scopus and Google Scholar). The results found that despite the existence and implementation of the Rivers State Waste Management Policy and the formulation of the National Policy on Solid Waste Management in Port Harcourt, residents continued to dump waste in drainages. They were unaware of waste sorting and dumped waste haphazardly. This trend has persisted due to a lack of political commitment to the effective implementation and monitoring of policies and strategies and a lack of training provided to waste collectors regarding the SWM approach, which involves sorting and separating waste. In addition, inadequate remuneration for waste collectors, the absence of community participation in policy formulation, and insufficient awareness among residents regarding the 3R approach are also contributory factors. This caused the emergence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lassa fever, and cholera in Port Harcourt, increasing the expense of healthcare for locals, particularly low-income households. The study urges the government to prioritize protecting the health of its citizens by studying the methods other nations have taken to address the problem of solid waste management and adopting those that work best for their region. The bottom-up strategy should be used to include locals in developing solutions. However, citizens who are always the most impacted by this issue should launch initiatives to address it and put pressure on the government to assist them when they have limitations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20effects" title="health effects">health effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20management%20practices" title=" solid waste management practices"> solid waste management practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20pollution" title=" environmental pollution"> environmental pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Port-Harcourt" title=" Port-Harcourt"> Port-Harcourt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176575/assessing-solid-waste-management-practices-in-port-harcourt-city-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholera&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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