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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurowetenschap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurowetenschap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Neurowetenschap</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Neurowetenschap-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Neurowetenschap-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Neurowetenschap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dualistische_bewustzijnstheorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dualistische_bewustzijnstheorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dualistische bewustzijnstheorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dualistische_bewustzijnstheorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persoonlijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persoonlijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Persoonlijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persoonlijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publicaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publicaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publicaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publicaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voetnoten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voetnoten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voetnoten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voetnoten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Eccles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 53 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جون إيكلس – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون إيكلس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D8%B3_(%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="جون ايكلس (دكتور من اوستراليا) – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ايكلس (دكتور من اوستراليا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جان اکلس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان اکلس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%E2%80%99%D1%8E_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Джон Кэр’ю Эклс – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Кэр’ю Эклс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8" title="জন একল্‌স – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন একল্‌স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%B5%D8%B3" title="جۆن کاریو یسڵس – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆن کاریو یسڵس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="John Eccles" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%82_(%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82)" title="Τζων Εκλς (επιστήμονας) – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζων Εκλς (επιστήμονας)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جان اکلس – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان اکلس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="ג'ון קריו אקלס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון קריו אקלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BBC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" title="ジョン・C・エックルス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・C・エックルス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles_(neyrofiziolog)" title="John Eccles (neyrofiziolog) – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="John Eccles (neyrofiziolog)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Джон Кэрью Экклс – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джон Кэрью Экклс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%97%90%ED%81%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="존 에클스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 에클스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Carew_Eccles" title="Ioannes Carew Eccles – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John Eccles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جان اکلس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جان اکلس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جان اکلس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جان اکلس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Eccles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8E" title="Экклс, Джон Кэрью – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экклс, Джон Кэрью" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%98%D1%83_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Џон Керју Еклс – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Керју Еклс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Eccles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="John Eccles" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Carew Eccles" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Җон Экклс – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җон Экклс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Джон Екклс – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Екклс" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  John Eccles </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/27_januari" title="27 januari">27 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> – <a href="/wiki/2_mei" title="2 mei">2 mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sir_John_Eccles_Wellcome_L0026812.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sir John Carew Eccles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sir_John_Eccles_Wellcome_L0026812.jpg/266px-Sir_John_Eccles_Wellcome_L0026812.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sir_John_Eccles_Wellcome_L0026812.jpg/399px-Sir_John_Eccles_Wellcome_L0026812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sir_John_Eccles_Wellcome_L0026812.jpg/532px-Sir_John_Eccles_Wellcome_L0026812.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3675" data-file-height="4672" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Sir John Carew Eccles</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Locarno_(stad)" title="Locarno (stad)">Locarno</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1963 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">"Voor het beschrijven van elektrische transmissie van impulsen langs <a href="/wiki/Zenuw" title="Zenuw">zenuw</a>." </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John Carew Eccles</b> (<a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a>), <a href="/wiki/27_januari" title="27 januari">27 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> – <a href="/wiki/Locarno_(stad)" title="Locarno (stad)">Locarno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zwitserland" title="Zwitserland">Zwitserland</a>), <a href="/wiki/2_mei" title="2 mei">2 mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australische</a> <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">neurofysioloog</a> die in 1963 de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijs</a> voor <a href="/wiki/Geneesmiddel" title="Geneesmiddel">medicijnen</a> kreeg vanwege zijn onderzoek betreffende <a href="/wiki/Synaps" title="Synaps">synapsen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eccles werd in Melbourne geboren als zoon van William James Eccles (leraar) en Mary Carew (lerares). Hij bezocht de Melbourne middelbare school en studeerde af aan de Melbourne universiteit in 1925. Hij ging met een <a href="/wiki/Rhodesbeurs" title="Rhodesbeurs">Rhodesbeurs</a> onder <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> studeren aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Oxford</a> universiteit, waar hij in 1929 zijn doctoraal in de <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofie</a> behaalde. In 1937 keerde Eccles terug naar Australië waar hij gedurende de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> in het leger diende. Van 1952 tot 1962 was hij verbonden aan de Australische Nationale Universiteit. In 1963 won hij de Nobelprijs en in 1966 verhuisde hij naar de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> en werkte aan de universiteit van <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_(New_York)" title="Buffalo (New York)">Buffalo</a> tot zijn pensioen in 1975. Daarna vertrok hij naar <a href="/wiki/Zwitserland" title="Zwitserland">Zwitserland</a> waar hij in 1997 overleed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neurowetenschap">Neurowetenschap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Neurowetenschap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Neurowetenschap"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eccles werk betrof vooral het onderzoek naar <a href="/wiki/Neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuron">neuronen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synaps" title="Synaps">synapsen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a> waarin hij belangrijke ontdekkingen deed. Een belangrijke vondst was dat bij de overdracht van signalen tussen zenuwcellen zowel stimulerende als remmende synapsen voorkomen. In Groot-Brittannië werkte hij nauw samen met de bijna 70 jaar oude Sherrington op enkele van zijn belangrijkste onderzoeken. Samen bestudeerden ze de factoren die verantwoordelijk zijn voor de <a href="/wiki/Inhibitie_(neurologie,_psychologie)" title="Inhibitie (neurologie, psychologie)">inhibitie</a> van een neuron. Ook onderzochten ze wat ze de 'motoreenheid' noemden, een zenuwcel die de beweging van vele spiervezels coördineert. Voor zijn werk over neurale excitatie en inhibitie ontving Eccles in 1929 zijn doctoraat. </p><p>Na zijn promotie zette hij zijn onderzoek naar zenuwcellen voort, aanvankelijk in Engeland aan het <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College_(Oxford)" title="Magdalen College (Oxford)">Magdalen College</a>, later in Australië waar hij de leiding kreeg over het <i>Kanematsu Memorial Institute of Pathology</i> in Sidney. Onder zijn leiding werd het Kanematsu eind jaren 1930 en begin jaren 1940 een belangrijk centrum voor de studie van de <a href="/wiki/Neurofysiologie" title="Neurofysiologie">neurofysiologie</a>. Samen met <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Kuffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Kuffler (de pagina bestaat niet)">Stephen Kuffler</a> en anderen voerde Eccles onderzoek uit naar de activiteit van zenuw- en spiercellen in katten en kikkers, met name naar de wijze waarop zenuwcellen communiceren met spier- en motorcellen. Hij was religieus en een aanhanger van de <a href="/wiki/Dualistische" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualistische">dualistische</a> gedachte aangaande <a href="/wiki/Bewustzijn" title="Bewustzijn">bewustzijn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dualistische_bewustzijnstheorie">Dualistische bewustzijnstheorie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Dualistische bewustzijnstheorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Dualistische bewustzijnstheorie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Twee moderne wetenschappers die een <a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">dualistische</a> <a href="/wiki/Theorie" title="Theorie">theorie</a> over het bewustzijn hebben ontwikkeld zijn John Eccles en de Australische filosoof <a href="/wiki/David_Chalmers" title="David Chalmers">David Chalmers</a>. </p> <ul><li>Eccles creëerde het begrip "waarschijnlijkheidsvelden", die door de geest zouden worden bediend om op de bewegingen van de <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a> in te werken.</li> <li>David Chalmers vraagt zich af waarom er überhaupt <a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">qualia</a> zouden bestaan. Hij noemt dit "the hard problem of consciousness", dat de wetenschap belet om een verklaring over bewustzijn te kunnen geven<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Beiden neigen ze ernaar zich buiten de grenzen van het wetenschappelijk aanvaardbare te bewegen. Verder kan in deze richting ook de recentere theorie worden gesitueerd van de "morfogenetische velden" van <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Sheldrake" title="Rupert Sheldrake">Rupert Sheldrake</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persoonlijk">Persoonlijk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Persoonlijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Persoonlijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1938 trad Eccles in het huwelijk met de Nieuw-Zeelandse Irene Francis Miller, een huwelijk dat in 1968 eindigde in een scheiding. Uit dit huwelijk werden vier zonen en vijf dochters geboren. Een van de dochters, Rosamond, behaalde een doctoraat en assisteerde haar vader bij diens onderzoek. Na zijn scheiding hertrouwde hij in 1968 met de Tsjechoslowaakse neurofysioloog Helena Tabarikova, die vervolgens ook zijn partner werd op wetenschappelijk gebied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicaties">Publicaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Publicaties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Publicaties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eccles schreef een twintigtal boeken en vele artikelen: Een selectie: </p> <ul><li>1932, <i>Reflex Activity of the Spinal Cord</i>.</li> <li>1953, <i>The neurophysiological basic of the mind: The principles of neurophysiology</i>, Oxford: Clarendon.</li> <li>1957, <i>The Physiology of Nerve Cells</i>.</li> <li>1964, <i>The Physiology of Synapses</i>.</li> <li>1965, <i>The brain and the unity of consious experience</i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</li> <li>1969, <i>The Inhibitory Pathways of the Central Nervous System</i>.</li> <li>1970, <i>Facing reality: Philosophical Adventures by a Brain Scientist</i>, Berlin: Springer.</li> <li>1973, <i>The Understanding of the Brain</i>.</li> <li>1977, <i>The Self and Its Brain</i>, met <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a>, Berlin: Springer.</li> <li>1979, <i>The human mystery</i>, Berlin: Springer.</li> <li>1980, <i>The Human Psyche</i>.</li> <li>1984, <i>The Wonder of Being Human - Our Brain & Our Mind</i>, met Daniel N. Robinson, New York, Free Press.</li> <li>1985, <i>Mind and Brain: The Many-Faceted Problems</i>, (Editor), New York : Paragon House.</li> <li>1989, <i>Evolution Of The Brain : Creation Of The Self</i>.</li> <li>1994, <i>How the Self Controls Its Brain</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voetnoten">Voetnoten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voetnoten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voetnoten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Chalmers (1997), <i>The Conscious Mind</i>, New York: Oxford University Press.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bewustzijn" title="Bewustzijn">Bewustzijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bewustzijnstheorie%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bewustzijnstheorieën">Bewustzijnstheorieën</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitieve_wetenschap" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitieve wetenschap">Cognitieve wetenschap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filosofie_van_de_geest" title="Filosofie van de geest">Filosofie van de geest</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1963/eccles-bio.html">Sir John Eccles Biography</a>. Nobel Foundation.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span> Pratt, D.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theosofie.net/sunrise/sunrise1995/novdec1995/eccles.html"><i>John Eccles over het denkvermogen en de hersenen</i></a>. Een theosofische visie.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF2004"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sabbatini, R.M.E.</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons5_i.htm">Neurons and synapses. The history of its discovery IV. Chemical transmission</a>. '<b>Brain & Mind'</b> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012062426/http://cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons5_i.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 12-10-2007. </span></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Joseph, D. George</span> (1995). "John Eccles". <i>Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists</i>.  Detroit: Gale Research Inc. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0810391819" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0810391819">ISBN 978-0810391819 </a></span>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie winnaars van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Iljitsj_Metsjnikov" title="Ilja Iljitsj Metsjnikov">Mechnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod_(medicus)" title="John Macleod (medicus)">Macleod</a> · 1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Fibiger</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a> · 1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneel_Heymans" title="Corneel Heymans">Heymans</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> · 1947: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. Cori</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(arts)" title="Hans Krebs (arts)">Krebs</a>,<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> · 1963: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michael_Lwoff" title="André Michael Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Svante_von_Euler" title="Ulf Svante von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland jr.">Sutherland</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Porter" title="Rodney Porter">Porter</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">De Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Yalow</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Karl_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Karl Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Ingemar_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Goldstein</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemicus)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemicus)">Cohen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></span> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray_(chirurg)" title="Joseph Murray (chirurg)">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Gerhard_Krebs" title="Edwin Gerhard Krebs">Krebs</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Roberts" title="Richard John Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Sharp</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodman_Gilman" title="Alfred Goodman Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Sulston" title="John Edward Sulston">Sulston</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Zur Hausen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré–Sinoussi</a>,</span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(fysioloog)" title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog)">Edwards</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Moser</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(wetenschapper)" title="William C. Campbell (wetenschapper)">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Omura" title="Satoshi Omura">Omura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youyou_Tu" title="Youyou Tu">Tu</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Osumi" title="Yoshinori Osumi">Osumi</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Allison" title="James Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_jr." title="William Kaelin jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&oldid=64401571">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Eccles&oldid=64401571</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Fysioloog" title="Categorie:Fysioloog">Fysioloog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Winnaar_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Categorie:Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Neurowetenschapper" title="Categorie:Neurowetenschapper">Neurowetenschapper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:20e-eeuws_medicus" title="Categorie:20e-eeuws medicus">20e-eeuws medicus</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 2 jun 2023 om 09:38.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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