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Beschikbaar in 49 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هالدان هارتلاين – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالدان هارتلاين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هالدان هارتلاين – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هالدان هارتلاين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هالدن کفر هارتلین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هالدن کفر هارتلین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Холдэн Кефер Хартлайн – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Холдэн Кефер Хартлайн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Холдън Кефър Хартлайн – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Холдън Кефър Хартлайн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="হ্যাল্ডান কেফার হার্টলাইন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যাল্ডান কেফার হার্টলাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھالدین ھارتلاین – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھالدین ھارتلاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Hartline" title="Haldan Hartline – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Haldan Hartline" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هالدن کفر هارتلین – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالدن کفر هارتلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="הלדן קפלר הרטליין – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלדן קפלר הרטליין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ハルダン・ケファー・ハートライン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハルダン・ケファー・ハートライン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Холден Кеффер Хартлайн – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Холден Кеффер Хартлайн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಾಲ್ಡನ್ ಕೆಫರ್ ಹಾರ್ಟ್‌ಲೈನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾಲ್ಡನ್ ಕೆಫರ್ ಹಾರ್ಟ್‌ಲೈನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%BC%EB%8D%98_%EC%BC%80%ED%8D%BC_%ED%95%98%ED%8B%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="핼던 케퍼 하틀라인 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핼던 케퍼 하틀라인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldanus_K._Hartline" title="Haldanus K. Hartline – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Haldanus K. Hartline" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هالدن کفر هارتلین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هالدن کفر هارتلین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹلائن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹلائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Hartline" title="Haldan Hartline – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Haldan Hartline" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хартлайн, Холден Кеффер – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хартлайн, Холден Кеффер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Hartline" title="Haldan Hartline – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Haldan Hartline" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haldan Keffer Hartline" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Голден Гартлайн – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голден Гартлайн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Haldan K. Hartline </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/22_december" title="22 december">22 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> – <a href="/wiki/17_maart" title="17 maart">17 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:HKHartline.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Haldan Keffer Hartline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/HKHartline.png/266px-HKHartline.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/HKHartline.png/399px-HKHartline.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/HKHartline.png/532px-HKHartline.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="433" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Haldan Keffer Hartline</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsburg" title="Bloomsburg">Bloomsburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fallston_(Maryland)" title="Fallston (Maryland)">Fallston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2">Fysiologie of Geneeskunde </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1967 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">Voor het beschrijven van de verschillende typen van lichtgevoelige cellen in het oog, en hoe het licht op die cellen inwerkt </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Huggins" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles B. Huggins">Charles B. Huggins</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Peyton Rous</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Holley" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Holley">Robert Holley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Haldan Keffer Hartline</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bloomsburg" title="Bloomsburg">Bloomsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/22_december" title="22 december">22 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fallston_(Maryland)" title="Fallston (Maryland)">Fallston</a>, <a href="/wiki/17_maart" title="17 maart">17 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>) was een Amerikaans <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">fysioloog</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijswinnaar</a>. In 1967 won hij samen met <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a> voor het beschrijven van de verschillende typen van lichtgevoelige cellen in het oog, en hoe het licht op die cellen inwerkt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haldan_Keffer_Hartline&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haldan_Keffer_Hartline&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartline werd geboren in Bloomsburg als zoon van de bioloog Daniel Schollenberger Hartline (1866-1946) en de onderwijzeres Harriet Franklin Keffer (1864-1946).<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij begon zijn studie retinale elektrofysiologie als een <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="National Research Council (Verenigde Staten)">National Research Council</a> Fellow aan de <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>. Hier haalde hij in 1927 zijn <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a> Na ook te hebben gestudeerd aan de universiteiten van <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> en <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a>, werd hij in 1949 professor <a href="/wiki/Biofysica" title="Biofysica">biofysica</a> en voorzitter van het departement aan Johns Hopkins. Een van Hartline's studenten, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a>, won later ook een Nobelprijs. </p><p>In 1953 ging Harline werken bij de <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller-universiteit" title="Rockefeller-universiteit">Rockefeller-universiteit</a> in New York, waar hij tot aan zijn overlijden in 1983 hoogleraar neurofysiologie was. Hij was gehuwd met de psycholoog Elizabeth ("Beth") Kraus. Uit het huwelijk werden drie zonen geboren: Daniel Keffer in 1939, Peter Haldan in 1942 en Frederick Flanders in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werk">Werk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haldan_Keffer_Hartline&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haldan_Keffer_Hartline&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hartline onderzocht de elektrische respons van het <a href="/wiki/Netvlies" title="Netvlies">netvlies</a> van <a href="/wiki/Geleedpotigen" title="Geleedpotigen">geleedpotigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gewervelden" title="Gewervelden">gewervelden</a> en <a href="/wiki/Weekdieren" title="Weekdieren">weekdieren</a> omdat hun visueel systeem makkelijker te onderzoeken was dan dat van een mens. Hij concentreerde zich bij zijn studies op het oog van de <a href="/wiki/Degenkrabben" title="Degenkrabben">degenkrab</a> (<i>Limulus polyphemus</i>). Hij slaagde erin om de eerste opname te maken van de elektrische impulsen uitgezonden door een enkele <a href="/wiki/Nervus_opticus" title="Nervus opticus">nervus opticus</a>-zenuw. Hij ontdekte dat de <a href="/wiki/Lichtgevoelige_cel" title="Lichtgevoelige cel">fotoreceptorcellen</a> in het oog zodanig zijn verbonden dat als er een wordt gestimuleerd, de anderen juist minder actief worden. Hierdoor veranderd het contrast in lichtpatronen, en wordt de perceptie van bepaalde vormen voor het oog scherper. Op deze manier kwam Hartline met een gedetailleerde omschrijving van hoe de individuele fotoreceptors werken. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1967/hartline-bio.html">Biografie Haldan K. Hartline</a> op Nobelprize.org</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFout:_ongeldige_tijd."><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Walter H. Waggoner</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/19/obituaries/obituary.html">H. Keffer Hartline is Dead at 79; Nobel Laureate in Vision Research</a>. The New York Times (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1983-03-12">12 maart 1983</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123152150/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/19/obituaries/obituary.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-11-23">23 november 2015</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-11-23">23 november 2015</span>. </span></li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NNDB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NNDB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/315/000129925/">Biografie Haldan K. Hartline</a> op Notable Names Database (NNDb).<small> Geraadpleegd op 7 december 2014</small></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud 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data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> · 1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Iljitsj_Metsjnikov" title="Ilja Iljitsj Metsjnikov">Mechnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> · 1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> · 1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> · 1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> · 1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> · 1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod_(medicus)" title="John Macleod (medicus)">Macleod</a> · 1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> · 1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Fibiger</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> · 1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> · 1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> · 1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a> · 1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> · 1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneel_Heymans" title="Corneel Heymans">Heymans</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> · 1947: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. Cori</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> · 1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(arts)" title="Hans Krebs (arts)">Krebs</a>,<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michael_Lwoff" title="André Michael Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Svante_von_Euler" title="Ulf Svante von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland jr.">Sutherland</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Porter" title="Rodney Porter">Porter</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">De Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> · 1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a> · 1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> · 1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Yalow</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> · 1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Karl_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Karl Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Ingemar_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> · 1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Goldstein</a> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemicus)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemicus)">Cohen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></span> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray_(chirurg)" title="Joseph Murray (chirurg)">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> · 1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Gerhard_Krebs" title="Edwin Gerhard Krebs">Krebs</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Roberts" title="Richard John Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Sharp</a> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodman_Gilman" title="Alfred Goodman Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> · 1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> · 1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> · 2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Sulston" title="John Edward Sulston">Sulston</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Zur Hausen</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré–Sinoussi</a>,</span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(fysioloog)" title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog)">Edwards</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Moser</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(wetenschapper)" title="William C. Campbell (wetenschapper)">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Omura" title="Satoshi Omura">Omura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youyou_Tu" title="Youyou Tu">Tu</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Osumi" title="Yoshinori Osumi">Osumi</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Allison" title="James Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_jr." title="William Kaelin jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haldan_Keffer_Hartline&oldid=64742582">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haldan_Keffer_Hartline&oldid=64742582</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Winnaar_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" title="Categorie:Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Fysioloog" title="Categorie:Fysioloog">Fysioloog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_wetenschapper" title="Categorie:Amerikaans wetenschapper">Amerikaans wetenschapper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:20e-eeuws_medicus" title="Categorie:20e-eeuws medicus">20e-eeuws medicus</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 20 jul 2023 om 10:45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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