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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stretch_limousines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stretch_limousines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Stretch limousines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stretch_limousines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novelty_limousines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novelty_limousines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Novelty limousines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novelty_limousines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limousine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ليموزين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليموزين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Լիմուզին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լիմուզին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzin" title="Limuzin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Limuzin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Лімузін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лімузін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Лимузина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лимузина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limusina" title="Limusina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Limusina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuz%C3%ADna" title="Limuzína – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Limuzína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limws%C3%AEn" title="Limwsîn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Limwsîn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Limousine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch-Limousine" title="Stretch-Limousine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stretch-Limousine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limusiin" title="Limusiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Limusiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Λιμουζίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιμουζίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limusina" title="Limusina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Limusina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88)" title="لیموزین (خودرو) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیموزین (خودرو)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_de_carrosserie#Limousine" title="Type de carrosserie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Type de carrosserie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim%C3%BBsine" title="Limûsine – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Limûsine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%AC%B4%EC%A7%84" title="리무진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리무진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Լիմուզին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիմուզին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="लिमोज़ीन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिमोज़ीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limusin" title="Limusin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Limusin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Limousine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="לימוזינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לימוזינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლიმუზინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიმუზინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лимузин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лимузин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лимузин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лимузин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuz%C4%ABns" title="Limuzīns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Limuzīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzinas" title="Limuzinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Limuzinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C3%BAjtott_limuzin" title="Nyújtott limuzin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyújtott limuzin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="خدمة الليموزين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خدمة الليموزين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Limousin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уртасгасан лимузин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уртасгасан лимузин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Limousine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="リムジン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リムジン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousin_(bil)" title="Limousin (bil) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Limousin (bil)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Limousin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzin" title="Limuzin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Limuzin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzyna" title="Limuzyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Limuzyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limusina" title="Limusina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Limusina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzin%C4%83" title="Limuzină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limuzină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лимузин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лимузин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Limousine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuz%C3%ADna" title="Limuzína – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Limuzína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limusiini" title="Limusiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Limusiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousin_(fordon)" title="Limousin (fordon) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Limousin (fordon)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limosina" title="Limosina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Limosina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ลีมูซีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลีมูซีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzin" title="Limuzin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Limuzin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лімузин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лімузин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Limousine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%95%BF%E8%BD%BF%E8%BD%A6" title="加长轿车 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加长轿车" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188475#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about limousine cars. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/The_Limousines" title="The Limousines">The Limousines</a>. For the former administrative region of France, see <a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pullman_(car_or_coach)" title="Pullman (car or coach)">Pullman (car or coach)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1908StudeLimo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1908StudeLimo.jpg/200px-1908StudeLimo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1908StudeLimo.jpg/300px-1908StudeLimo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1908StudeLimo.jpg/400px-1908StudeLimo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1908 <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> limousine with an open driver's compartment</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phantom_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Phantom_IV.jpg/200px-Phantom_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Phantom_IV.jpg/300px-Phantom_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Phantom_IV.jpg/400px-Phantom_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="302" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1953 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_IV" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom IV">Rolls-Royce Phantom IV</a> (coachwork by <a href="/wiki/Hooper_(coachbuilder)" title="Hooper (coachbuilder)">Hooper</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>limousine</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>), or <b>limo</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) for short,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a large, <a href="/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur">chauffeur</a>-driven <a href="/wiki/Luxury_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury vehicle">luxury vehicle</a> with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.<sup id="cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-webster-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a <b>stretch limousine</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">hire car with a driver</a>, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, <a href="/wiki/Airport_bus" title="Airport bus">airport shuttle services</a> are often called "limousine services", though they often use <a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">minivans</a> or <a href="/wiki/Light_commercial_vehicle" title="Light commercial vehicle">light commercial vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-webster-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_Vauxhall_30hp_B-type_landaulette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1912_Vauxhall_30hp_B-type_landaulette.jpg/220px-1912_Vauxhall_30hp_B-type_landaulette.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1912_Vauxhall_30hp_B-type_landaulette.jpg/330px-1912_Vauxhall_30hp_B-type_landaulette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1912_Vauxhall_30hp_B-type_landaulette.jpg/440px-1912_Vauxhall_30hp_B-type_landaulette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region <a href="/wiki/Limousin_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Limousin (region)">Limousin</a>; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain. </p><p>One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised <a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">hood</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">cloak</a> worn by the shepherds there.<sup id="cite_ref-url_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-url-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An alternate <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.<sup id="cite_ref-RamHousDef_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RamHousDef-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.<sup id="cite_ref-url_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-url-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US <a href="/wiki/SAE_International" title="SAE International">Society of Automobile Engineers</a> is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".<sup id="cite_ref-1916_SAE_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1916_SAE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Great Britain, the <a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de ville">limousine de-ville</a> was a version of the <i>limousine town car</i> where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 103">: 103 </span></sup> The limousine-<a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">landaulet</a> variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 100">: 100 </span></sup> </p><p>In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_(carriage)" title="Berlin (carriage)">berline</a>, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the <a href="/wiki/Brougham_(car_body)" title="Brougham (car body)">brougham</a>, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."<sup id="cite_ref-1916_SAE_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1916_SAE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Family_Carriages,_series_1_MET_MM53703.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram showing an exposed driver's seat"><img alt="Diagram showing an exposed driver's seat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Family_Carriages%2C_series_1_MET_MM53703.jpg/189px-Family_Carriages%2C_series_1_MET_MM53703.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Family_Carriages%2C_series_1_MET_MM53703.jpg/284px-Family_Carriages%2C_series_1_MET_MM53703.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Family_Carriages%2C_series_1_MET_MM53703.jpg/379px-Family_Carriages%2C_series_1_MET_MM53703.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2537" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diagram showing an exposed driver's seat</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winton1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1915 Winton Six Limousine; note the open driver's compartment"><img alt="1915 Winton Six Limousine; note the open driver's compartment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Winton1915.jpg/190px-Winton1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Winton1915.jpg/285px-Winton1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Winton1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1915 <a href="/wiki/Winton_automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Winton automobile">Winton</a> Six Limousine; note the open driver's compartment</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1941_Lincoln_Custom_Limousine_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1941 Lincoln Custom limousine interior showing the occasional seats"><img alt="1941 Lincoln Custom limousine interior showing the occasional seats" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1941_Lincoln_Custom_Limousine_Interior.jpg/187px-1941_Lincoln_Custom_Limousine_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1941_Lincoln_Custom_Limousine_Interior.jpg/280px-1941_Lincoln_Custom_Limousine_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1941_Lincoln_Custom_Limousine_Interior.jpg/373px-1941_Lincoln_Custom_Limousine_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1941 <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Custom" title="Lincoln Custom">Lincoln Custom</a> limousine interior showing the occasional seats</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TM_9-2800,_P-362,_Chevrolet_Fleetline,_stretch_limousine,_15-Pass.,_4x2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="US-Army, Chevrolet Fleetline, stretch limousine, 15-Passenger (1943)"><img alt="US-Army, Chevrolet Fleetline, stretch limousine, 15-Passenger (1943)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/TM_9-2800%2C_P-362%2C_Chevrolet_Fleetline%2C_stretch_limousine%2C_15-Pass.%2C_4x2.png/250px-TM_9-2800%2C_P-362%2C_Chevrolet_Fleetline%2C_stretch_limousine%2C_15-Pass.%2C_4x2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/TM_9-2800%2C_P-362%2C_Chevrolet_Fleetline%2C_stretch_limousine%2C_15-Pass.%2C_4x2.png/375px-TM_9-2800%2C_P-362%2C_Chevrolet_Fleetline%2C_stretch_limousine%2C_15-Pass.%2C_4x2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/TM_9-2800%2C_P-362%2C_Chevrolet_Fleetline%2C_stretch_limousine%2C_15-Pass.%2C_4x2.png/500px-TM_9-2800%2C_P-362%2C_Chevrolet_Fleetline%2C_stretch_limousine%2C_15-Pass.%2C_4x2.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="339" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">US-Army, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Fleetline" title="Chevrolet Fleetline">Chevrolet Fleetline</a>, stretch limousine, 15-Passenger (1943)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of <a href="/wiki/Presidential_state_car_(United_States)" title="Presidential state car (United States)">state cars</a> starting from 1899 when President William McKinley first to ride in a car, a steam <a href="/wiki/Locomobile_Company_of_America" title="Locomobile Company of America">Locomobile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, the subsequent rise of <a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">ride sharing apps</a>, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and <a href="/wiki/Schoharie_limousine_crash" title="Schoharie limousine crash">Schoharie, New York, in 2018</a>. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black <a href="/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport utility vehicle">SUVs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jiménez-NYT_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiménez-NYT-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-RamHousDef_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RamHousDef-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system. </p><p>Limousines are often long-<a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">wheelbase</a> vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called <a href="/wiki/Jump_seat" title="Jump seat">jump seats</a>) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction). </p><p>Many nations have <a href="/wiki/Official_state_car" title="Official state car">official state cars</a> designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_state_car_(United_States)" title="Presidential state car (United States)">United States Presidential State Car</a> is the official car of the President of the United States. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Bentley_Long_Walk_Crop_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The official state car of the Monarch of the United Kingdom"><img alt="The official state car of the Monarch of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/State_Bentley_Long_Walk_Crop_1.JPG/160px-State_Bentley_Long_Walk_Crop_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/State_Bentley_Long_Walk_Crop_1.JPG/240px-State_Bentley_Long_Walk_Crop_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/State_Bentley_Long_Walk_Crop_1.JPG/320px-State_Bentley_Long_Walk_Crop_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The official state car of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch of the United Kingdom</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hield_Bentley_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Passenger compartment of the late Queen Elizabeth II's car with occasional seats folded down"><img alt="Passenger compartment of the late Queen Elizabeth II's car with occasional seats folded down" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hield_Bentley_Interior.jpg/184px-Hield_Bentley_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hield_Bentley_Interior.jpg/277px-Hield_Bentley_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hield_Bentley_Interior.jpg/369px-Hield_Bentley_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Passenger compartment of the late Queen Elizabeth II's car with occasional seats folded down</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GPA02-09_US_SecretService_press_release_2009_Limousine_Page_3_Image_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cadillac One limousine of the President of the United States"><img alt="Cadillac One limousine of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/GPA02-09_US_SecretService_press_release_2009_Limousine_Page_3_Image_%28cropped%29.jpg/213px-GPA02-09_US_SecretService_press_release_2009_Limousine_Page_3_Image_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/GPA02-09_US_SecretService_press_release_2009_Limousine_Page_3_Image_%28cropped%29.jpg/320px-GPA02-09_US_SecretService_press_release_2009_Limousine_Page_3_Image_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/GPA02-09_US_SecretService_press_release_2009_Limousine_Page_3_Image_%28cropped%29.jpg/426px-GPA02-09_US_SecretService_press_release_2009_Limousine_Page_3_Image_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadillac One">Cadillac One</a> limousine of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stretch_limousines">Stretch limousines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stretch limousines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:98-02_Lincoln_Town_Car_limousine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/98-02_Lincoln_Town_Car_limousine.jpg/220px-98-02_Lincoln_Town_Car_limousine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/98-02_Lincoln_Town_Car_limousine.jpg/330px-98-02_Lincoln_Town_Car_limousine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/98-02_Lincoln_Town_Car_limousine.jpg/440px-98-02_Lincoln_Town_Car_limousine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1724" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Town_Car" title="Lincoln Town Car">Lincoln Town Car</a> stretch limousine</figcaption></figure> <p>Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin. </p><p>A "stretch limousine" was created in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Arkansas" title="Fort Smith, Arkansas">Fort Smith, Arkansas</a>, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 <a href="/wiki/AMC_Ambassador" title="AMC Ambassador">AMC Ambassadors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Jiménez-NYT_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiménez-NYT-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novelty_limousines">Novelty limousines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Novelty limousines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of vehicles have been converted into novelty limousines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are used for weddings, parties, and other social occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German <a href="/wiki/Trabant" title="Trabant">Trabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Panda" title="Fiat Panda">Fiat Panda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_2CV" title="Citroën 2CV">Citroën 2CV</a>. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stretchlimo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volkswagen Beetle limousine"><img alt="Volkswagen Beetle limousine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stretchlimo2.jpg/250px-Stretchlimo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stretchlimo2.jpg/375px-Stretchlimo2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stretchlimo2.jpg/500px-Stretchlimo2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="832" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Volkswagen Beetle limousine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DirkvdM_lada_limousine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lada limousine in Cuba"><img alt="Lada limousine in Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DirkvdM_lada_limousine.jpg/235px-DirkvdM_lada_limousine.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DirkvdM_lada_limousine.jpg/352px-DirkvdM_lada_limousine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DirkvdM_lada_limousine.jpg/470px-DirkvdM_lada_limousine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lada" title="Lada">Lada</a> limousine in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TrabantStretchLimo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trabant limousine"><img alt="Trabant limousine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TrabantStretchLimo.jpg/161px-TrabantStretchLimo.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TrabantStretchLimo.jpg/242px-TrabantStretchLimo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TrabantStretchLimo.jpg/323px-TrabantStretchLimo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trabant limousine</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Navigator_Limousine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln Navigator stretch limousine"><img alt="Lincoln Navigator stretch limousine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lincoln_Navigator_Limousine.jpg/200px-Lincoln_Navigator_Limousine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lincoln_Navigator_Limousine.jpg/300px-Lincoln_Navigator_Limousine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lincoln_Navigator_Limousine.jpg/400px-Lincoln_Navigator_Limousine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Navigator" title="Lincoln Navigator">Lincoln Navigator</a> stretch limousine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Driving_in_a_London_cab_(5227723180).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The division in a London cab, black occasional seats folded up to bulkhead"><img alt="The division in a London cab, black occasional seats folded up to bulkhead" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Driving_in_a_London_cab_%285227723180%29.jpg/181px-Driving_in_a_London_cab_%285227723180%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Driving_in_a_London_cab_%285227723180%29.jpg/271px-Driving_in_a_London_cab_%285227723180%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Driving_in_a_London_cab_%285227723180%29.jpg/361px-Driving_in_a_London_cab_%285227723180%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The division in a London cab, black occasional seats folded up to bulkhead</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1993_Bentley_Turbo_R_LWB_limousine_7954752566.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Division in a 1993 Bentley Turbo R"><img alt="Division in a 1993 Bentley Turbo R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1993_Bentley_Turbo_R_LWB_limousine_7954752566.jpg/160px-1993_Bentley_Turbo_R_LWB_limousine_7954752566.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1993_Bentley_Turbo_R_LWB_limousine_7954752566.jpg/240px-1993_Bentley_Turbo_R_LWB_limousine_7954752566.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1993_Bentley_Turbo_R_LWB_limousine_7954752566.jpg/320px-1993_Bentley_Turbo_R_LWB_limousine_7954752566.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Division in a 1993 Bentley Turbo R</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/limousine" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/limousine">limousine</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Car classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bus" title="Party bus">Party bus</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limousine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGarner2009" class="citation book cs1">Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sd3byNeBdR4C&dq=limo+limousine&pg=PA136"><i>Garner's Modern American Usage</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199874620" title="Special:BookSources/9780199874620"><bdi>9780199874620</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707070622/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sd3byNeBdR4C&dq=limo+limousine&pg=PA136">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garner%27s+Modern+American+Usage&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft.isbn=9780199874620&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSd3byNeBdR4C%26dq%3Dlimo%2Blimousine%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merriam-webster-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/limousine">"Definition of limousine"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i>. October 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190920082555/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/limousine">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+limousine&rft.date=2019-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Flimousine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stretch%20limo">"Definition of Stretch Limo"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702201529/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stretch%20limo">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Stretch+Limo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fstretch%2520limo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-url-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-url_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-url_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyke1920" class="citation book cs1">Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BtYbqYNbg0QC&q=Origin+of+limousine+term&pg=PA582"><i>Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia</i></a> (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707070709/https://books.google.com/books?id=BtYbqYNbg0QC&q=Origin+of+limousine+term&pg=PA582">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dyke%27s+Automobile+and+Gasoline+Engine+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=582&rft.edition=Twelfth&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Dyke&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBtYbqYNbg0QC%26q%3DOrigin%2Bof%2Blimousine%2Bterm%26pg%3DPA582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyto2009" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hsRISNLSSHAC&q=limousin+is+former+province+open+but+roofed+seat+for+driver+the+driver&pg=PT525"><i>Word Origins</i></a>. A&C Black Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-0160-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-0160-5"><bdi>978-1-4081-0160-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707070622/https://books.google.com/books?id=hsRISNLSSHAC&q=limousin+is+former+province+open+but+roofed+seat+for+driver+the+driver&pg=PT525">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Word+Origins&rft.pub=A%26C+Black+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-0160-5&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhsRISNLSSHAC%26q%3Dlimousin%2Bis%2Bformer%2Bprovince%2Bopen%2Bbut%2Broofed%2Bseat%2Bfor%2Bdriver%2Bthe%2Bdriver%26pg%3DPT525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RamHousDef-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RamHousDef_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RamHousDef_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Random House College Dictionary</i>. Random House. 1975. p. 777. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-43600-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-43600-8"><bdi>0-394-43600-8</bdi></a>. <q><b>1.</b> an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of <i>limousine</i> long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of <i>Limousin</i>, a former province in central France]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Random+House+College+Dictionary&rft.pages=777&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-394-43600-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/limousine">"Definition of limousine"</a> (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417044752/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/limousine">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+limousine&rft.edition=Complete+%26+Unabridged+Digital&rft.pub=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Flimousine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1916_SAE-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1916_SAE_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1916_SAE_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10C1FFB3F5D17738DDDA90A94D0405B868DF1D3">"What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 20, 1916. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502011954/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10C1FFB3F5D17738DDDA90A94D0405B868DF1D3">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2015</span>. <q>Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+What+in+Automobile+Bodies+Officially+Determined&rft.date=1916-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF10C1FFB3F5D17738DDDA90A94D0405B868DF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haajanen-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haajanen_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haajanen_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haajanen_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaajanen2003" class="citation book cs1">Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6GQoDwAAQBAJ"><i>Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles</i></a>. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1276-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1276-3"><bdi>0-7864-1276-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707070624/https://books.google.com/books?id=6GQoDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Dictionary+of+Automobile+Body+Styles&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7864-1276-3&rft.aulast=Haajanen&rft.aufirst=Lennart+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6GQoDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuffman2009" class="citation web cs1">Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a4151/4300349/">"The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=The+Top+Presidential+Limousines+of+All+Time&rft.date=2009-01-19&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=John+Pearley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Fcars%2Fa4151%2F4300349%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeWitt2012" class="citation web cs1">DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fountainheadmuseum.com/fountainheadauto/2012/09/presidential-wheels.html">"Presidential Wheels"</a>. <i>Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fountainhead+Antique+Auto+Museum&rft.atitle=Presidential+Wheels&rft.date=2012-09-04&rft.aulast=DeWitt&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fountainheadmuseum.com%2Ffountainheadauto%2F2012%2F09%2Fpresidential-wheels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grundy.com/a-car-fit-for-a-president/">"A Car Fit For A President"</a>. <i>Grundy Insurance</i>. February 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grundy+Insurance&rft.atitle=A+Car+Fit+For+A+President&rft.date=2017-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grundy.com%2Fa-car-fit-for-a-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jiménez-NYT-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jiménez-NYT_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jiménez-NYT_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiménez2023" class="citation news cs1">Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/28/business/limo-service-decline.html">"The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430001942/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/28/business/limo-service-decline.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Long+Demise+of+the+Stretch+Limousine&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft.aulast=Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.aufirst=Jesus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F04%2F28%2Fbusiness%2Flimo-service-decline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheobaldDeWinter_IV2004" class="citation web cs1">Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/a/armbruster/armbruster.htm">"Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen"</a>. <i>coachbuilt.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326121154/http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/a/armbruster/armbruster.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coachbuilt.com&rft.atitle=Armbruster+%26+Company%2C+Tom+Armbruster%2C+Ed+Robben%2C+Armbruster%2FStageway%2C+Fort+Smith%2C+Airport+Limousine%2C+Earnhart+%26+Johansen&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Theobald&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=DeWinter+IV%2C+Bernie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coachbuilt.com%2Fbui%2Fa%2Farmbruster%2Farmbruster.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrohl2018" class="citation web cs1">Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/1969-amc-ambassador-limousine">"1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine"</a>. <i>Hemmings</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228172514/https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/1969-amc-ambassador-limousine">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hemmings&rft.atitle=1969+AMC+Ambassador+Limousine&rft.date=2018-09-23&rft.aulast=Strohl&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2Farticle%2F1969-amc-ambassador-limousine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.net-link.net/~dcline/limonov1.htm">"Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712023238/http://my.net-link.net/~dcline/limonov1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dave%27s+Classic+Limousines+Pictures%3A+Novelty+Limousines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.net-link.net%2F~dcline%2Flimonov1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedersen2004" class="citation book cs1">Pedersen, Stephanie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kissguidetoplann0000pede/page/195"><i>KISS guide to planning a wedding</i></a>. DK Publishers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kissguidetoplann0000pede/page/195">195–196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7894-9695-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7894-9695-9"><bdi>978-0-7894-9695-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=KISS+guide+to+planning+a+wedding&rft.pages=195-196&rft.pub=DK+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7894-9695-9&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkissguidetoplann0000pede%2Fpage%2F195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaylor2004" class="citation book cs1">Naylor, Sharon (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1000bestweddingb00nayl"><i>1000 Best Wedding Bargains</i></a></span>. Sourcebooks. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1000bestweddingb00nayl/page/198">198</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4022-0298-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4022-0298-8"><bdi>978-1-4022-0298-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2015</span>. <q>novelty limousines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1000+Best+Wedding+Bargains&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Sourcebooks&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4022-0298-8&rft.aulast=Naylor&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1000bestweddingb00nayl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimousine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Limousines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Limousines">Limousines</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxis" title="Template:Taxis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taxis" title="Template talk:Taxis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taxis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taxis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taxis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Taxi#History" title="Taxi">History of taxis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_taxi" title="Air taxi">Air taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_taxi" title="Hybrid taxi">Hybrid taxi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_taxi" title="Pet taxi">Pet taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Rapid Transit">Personal rapid transit / railed taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_cab" title="Yellow cab">Yellow cab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_taxi" title="Mercedes-Benz taxi">Mercedes-Benz taxi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg/70px-Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg/105px-Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg/140px-Checker_Taxi_Madison_Sq_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="1541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur">Chauffeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taximeter" title="Taximeter">Taximeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxi stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_medallion" title="Taxi medallion">Taxi medallion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_taxi_drivers" title="Category:Fictional taxi drivers">Fictional taxi drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_taxis" title="Category:Films about taxis">Films about taxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">see also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles for hire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Taxis" title="Category:Taxis">Category</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Car_design" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automobile_configuration" title="Template talk:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Car_design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Car</a> design</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">Supermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_car" title="Family car">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">Custom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">Lead sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod#1960s_rise_of_the_street_rod" title="Hot rod">Street rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">Minivan / MPV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_MPV" title="Compact MPV">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_activity_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure activity vehicle">Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_MPV" title="Mini MPV">Mini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_sport_utility_vehicle" title="Compact sport utility vehicle">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">Crossover (CUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini SUV">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_SUV" title="Coupe SUV">Coupe SUV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_hatch" title="Hot hatch">Hot hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_car" title="Muscle car">Muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_car" title="Pony car">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_compact" title="Sport compact">Sport compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_sedan" title="Sports sedan">Sports sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antique_car" title="Antique car">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_car" title="Classic car">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_(vehicle)" title="Ute (vehicle)">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_car" title="Vintage car">Vintage car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Car_Segment" title="Euro Car Segment">EU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-segment" title="A-segment">A-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">B-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-segment" title="F-segment">F-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="J-segment">J-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="M-segment">M-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-segment" title="S-segment">S-segment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquet_(car_body_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquet (car body style)">Baquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(car_body)" title="Brougham (car body)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">Cab over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">Coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_utility" title="Coupé utility">Coupé utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">Fastback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">Hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">Hatchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammback" title="Kammback">Kammback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">Landaulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">Liftback</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microvan" title="Microvan">Microvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">Minibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-stop_truck" title="Multi-stop truck">Multi-stop truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notchback" title="Notchback">Notchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">Pickup truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad coupé">Quad coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Retractable hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster / Spider / Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Saloon / Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Sedan delivery/Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">Station wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">Targa top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">Torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car" title="Touring car">Touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Town (Coupé de Ville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-top" title="T-top">T-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized <br />vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">All-terrain vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Driverless (autonomous)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrocar" title="Gyrocar">Gyrocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Pedal car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">Police car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_car" title="Flying car">Flying car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">Tow truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiturette" title="Voiturette">Voiturette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ground_propulsion" title="Ground propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle" title="Alternative fuel vehicle">Alternative fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogas" title="Autogas">Autogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">Compressed natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Electric_Vehicle" title="Neighborhood Electric Vehicle">NEV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">Ethanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/E85" title="E85">E85</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Gasoline / petrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">direct injection</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homogeneous_charge_compression_ignition" title="Homogeneous charge compression ignition">Homogeneous charge compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle" title="Hydrogen vehicle">Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen_engine" title="Liquid nitrogen engine">Liquid nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquified_petroleum_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquified petroleum gas">Liquified petroleum gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">Steam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">Front-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout#Rear_wheel_drive_layouts" title="Powertrain layout">Rear-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheel_drive" title="Two-wheel drive">Two-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-wheel_drive" title="Six-wheel drive">Six-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-wheel_drive" title="Eight-wheel drive">Eight-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-wheel drive">Ten-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-wheel drive">Twelve-wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Engine position</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine_design" title="Front-engine design">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-engine_design" title="Mid-engine design">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-engine_design" title="Rear-engine design">Rear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(engine / drive)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-mid-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front mid-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Rear-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Front-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mid-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Mid-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Rear-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Dual-motor,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout">Dual motor-four-wheel</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configuration</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">Single-cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Straight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V (Vee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankel_engine" title="Wankel engine">Wankel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:EC_car_classification" title="Template:EC car classification">Template:EC car classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_transport" title="Template:Public transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_transport" title="Template talk:Public transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Bus service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buses" title="List of buses">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">Intercity bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_top_bus" title="Open top bus">Open top bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_replacement_bus_service" title="Rail replacement bus service">Rail replacement bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi/Taxibus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail_terminology" title="Passenger rail terminology">Passenger rail terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">Elevated railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_streetcar" title="Heritage streetcar">Heritage streetcar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-speed_rail" title="Higher-speed rail">Higher-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow-gauge railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro/Rapid Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medium-capacity_rail_system" title="Medium-capacity rail system">Medium-capacity rail system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber-tyred_metro" title="Rubber-tyred metro">Rubber-tyred metro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">Suspension railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles<br /> for hire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boda_boda" title="Boda boda">Boda boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_bus" title="Combination bus">Combination bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand-responsive_transport" title="Demand-responsive transport">Demand-responsive transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microtransit" title="Microtransit">Microtransit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar van">Dollar van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmu%C5%9F" title="Dolmuş">Dolmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanny_van" title="Nanny van">Nanny van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songthaew" title="Songthaew">Songthaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Tuk tuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_jockey" title="Car jockey">Car jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible carpooling">Flexible carpooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Real-time ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugging" title="Slugging">Slugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanpool" title="Vanpool">Vanpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">Gondola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">Vaporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">Cable railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">Gondola lift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicable_gondola_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicable gondola lift">bicable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricable_gondola_lift" title="Tricable gondola lift">tricable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">Escalator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_walkway" title="Moving walkway">Moving walkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotaxi" title="Robotaxi">Robotaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shweeb" title="Shweeb">Shweeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope_car" title="Slope car">Slope car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bulb" title="Bus bulb">Bus bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_garage" title="Bus garage">Bus garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">Bus lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stand" title="Bus stand">Bus stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_station" title="Bus station">Bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">Bus stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_turnout" title="Bus turnout">Bus turnout (bus bay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_dock" title="Dry dock">Dry dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">Ferry terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">Hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layover" title="Layover">Layover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_station" title="Metro station">Metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">Park and ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_jump" title="Queue jump">Queue jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxicab stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Train station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop">Tram stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_mall" title="Transit mall">Transit mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">Ticketing</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Fare" title="Fare">fares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_fare_collection" title="Automated fare collection">Automated fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Bus advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_fare" title="Exit fare">Exit fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_avoidance" title="Fare avoidance">Fare avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_capping" title="Fare capping">Fare capping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_evasion" title="Fare evasion">Fare evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_travel_pass" title="Free travel pass">Free travel pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">Integrated ticketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_fare_collection" title="Manual fare collection">Manual fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_train" title="Money train">Money train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paid_area" title="Paid area">Paid area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_fare" title="Penalty fare">Penalty fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">Proof-of-payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_fare_program" title="Reduced fare program">Reduced fare program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(public_transit)" title="Transfer (public transit)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">Transit pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Routing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_route" title="Circle route">Circle route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-city_route" title="Cross-city route">Cross-city route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_length_(transport)" title="Network length (transport)">Network length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_track" title="Non-revenue track">Non-revenue track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_route" title="Radial route">Radial route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_network_analysis" title="Transport network analysis">Transport network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_class_commuter_transport_services" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first class commuter transport services">First class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_passenger" title="Standing passenger">Standing passenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheduling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bunching" title="Bus bunching">Bus bunching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock-face_scheduling" title="Clock-face scheduling">Clock-face scheduling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headway" title="Headway">Headway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_service_(public_transport)" title="Night service (public transport)">Night (owl) service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-time_performance" title="On-time performance">On-time performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_turn" title="Short turn">Short turn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">Green transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farebox_recovery_ratio" title="Farebox recovery ratio">Farebox recovery ratio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_security" title="Public transport security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_district" title="Transit district">Transit district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_authority" title="Transportation authority">Transportation authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_demand_management" title="Transportation demand management">Transportation demand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">Transportation planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">Transit-oriented development (TOD)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology<br /> and signage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">Destination sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">Passenger information system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_display" title="Platform display">Platform display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_transport_smart_cards" title="List of public transport smart cards">Smart cards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIPURSE" title="CIPURSE">CIPURSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(electronic_ticketing_system)" title="Calypso (electronic ticketing system)">Calypso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_machine" title="Ticket machine">Ticket machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_map" title="Transit map">Transit map</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit_creep" title="Bus rapid transit creep">Bus rapid transit creep</a></li> <li><a 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