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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entry_into_comics_(1936–1940)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry_into_comics_(1936–1940)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Entry into comics (1936–1940)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry_into_comics_(1936–1940)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_Joe_Simon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_Joe_Simon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Partnership with Joe Simon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_Joe_Simon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II_(1943–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_(1943–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>World War II (1943–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_(1943–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_career_(1946–1955)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_career_(1946–1955)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Postwar career (1946–1955)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_career_(1946–1955)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Simon_(1956–1957)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Simon_(1956–1957)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>After Simon (1956–1957)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Simon_(1956–1957)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marvel_Comics_in_the_Silver_Age_(1958–1970)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marvel_Comics_in_the_Silver_Age_(1958–1970)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Marvel Comics in the Silver Age (1958–1970)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marvel_Comics_in_the_Silver_Age_(1958–1970)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DC_Comics_and_the_Fourth_World_saga_(1971–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DC_Comics_and_the_Fourth_World_saga_(1971–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>DC Comics and the Fourth World saga (1971–1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DC_Comics_and_the_Fourth_World_saga_(1971–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Marvel_(1976–1978)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Marvel_(1976–1978)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Return to Marvel (1976–1978)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Marvel_(1976–1978)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_animation_(1979–1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_animation_(1979–1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Film and animation (1979–1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_animation_(1979–1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_(1981–1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_(1981–1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Final years (1981–1994)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_(1981–1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistic_style_and_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_style_and_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Artistic style and achievements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artistic_style_and_achievements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Artistic style and achievements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Artistic_style_and_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Narrative_approach_to_comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrative_approach_to_comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Narrative approach to comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrative_approach_to_comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Working_method" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Working_method"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Working method</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Working_method-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions_and_original_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions_and_original_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Exhibitions and original art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions_and_original_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirby's_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirby's_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kirby's estate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kirby's_estate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Kirby's estate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kirby's_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subsequent_releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Subsequent releases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Copyright dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DC_Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DC_Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>DC Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DC_Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marvel_Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marvel_Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Marvel Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marvel_Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Kirby</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="جاك كيربي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاك كيربي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF" title="জ্যাক কার্বি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যাক কার্বি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Джак Кърби – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джак Кърби" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA_%CE%9A%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9" title="Τζακ Κίρμπι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζακ Κίρμπι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جک کربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جک کربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AD_%EC%BB%A4%EB%B9%84" title="잭 커비 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잭 커비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%84_%D5%94%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AB" title="Ջեք Քիրբի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեք Քիրբի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99" title="ג'ק קירבי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ק קירבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Джек Кирби – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джек Кирби" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Kirby" title="Iacobus Kirby – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Kirby" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="जॅक कर्बी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॅक कर्बी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89" title="جاك كيربى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاك كيربى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC" title="ジャック・カービー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャック・カービー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جک کربی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جک کربی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Джек Кирби – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джек Кирби" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جاک کیربی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جاک کیربی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Џек Кирби – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џек Кирби" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="ஜாக் கிர்பி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜாக் கிர்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5" title="แจ็ก เคอร์บี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แจ็ก เคอร์บี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Ҷек Кёрби – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷек Кёрби" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jack Kirby" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Джек Кірбі – 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American comic book artist (1917–1994)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other people named Jack Kirby, see <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jack Kirby (disambiguation)">Jack Kirby (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> or <a href="/wiki/Josh_Kirby" title="Josh Kirby">Josh Kirby</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133510734">.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-title{background-color:#99c2ff}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-foreign-name{font-size:97%}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-label{width:40%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-comics-creator biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Jack Kirby</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack-Kirby_art-of-jack-kirby_wyman-skaar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jack-Kirby_art-of-jack-kirby_wyman-skaar.jpg/220px-Jack-Kirby_art-of-jack-kirby_wyman-skaar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jack-Kirby_art-of-jack-kirby_wyman-skaar.jpg/330px-Jack-Kirby_art-of-jack-kirby_wyman-skaar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jack-Kirby_art-of-jack-kirby_wyman-skaar.jpg/440px-Jack-Kirby_art-of-jack-kirby_wyman-skaar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="2210" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kirby in 1992</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Jacob Kurtzberg<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1917-08-28</span>)</span>August 28, 1917<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 6, 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-02-06)</span> (aged 76)<br /><span class="deathplace"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks,_California" title="Thousand Oaks, California">Thousand Oaks, California</a>, U.S.</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Pseudonym(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Jack Curtiss</li><li>Curt Davis</li><li>Lance Kirby</li><li>Ted Grey</li><li>Charles Nicholas</li><li>Fred Sande</li><li>Teddy</li><li>The King</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable works</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">Fantastic Four</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_(comics)" title="Fourth World (comics)">Fourth World</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(comic_book)" title="Captain America (comic book)">Captain America</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(comics)" title="Eternals (comics)">Eternals</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a> </i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(comic_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Panther (comic book)">Black Panther</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alley_Award" title="Alley Award">Alley Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Shazam Award">Shazam Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eisner_Award_winners#The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of Eisner Award winners">Will Eisner Hall of Fame</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Finger Award">Bill Finger Award</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Rosalind Goldstein</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jack Kirby</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born <b>Jacob Kurtzberg</b>; August 28, 1917 – February 6, 1994) was an American <a href="/wiki/Comics_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Comics artist">comic book artist</a>, widely regarded as one of the medium's major innovators and one of its most prolific and influential creators. He grew up in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and learned to draw cartoon figures by tracing characters from comic strips and editorial cartoons. He entered the nascent comics industry in the 1930s, drawing various comics features under different pen names, including <b>Jack Curtiss</b>, before settling on Jack Kirby. In 1940, he and writer-editor <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a> created the highly successful <a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">superhero</a> character <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a> for <a href="/wiki/Timely_Comics" title="Timely Comics">Timely Comics</a>, predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>. During the 1940s, Kirby regularly teamed with Simon, creating numerous characters for that company and for <a href="/wiki/National_Comics_Publications" title="National Comics Publications">National Comics Publications</a>, later to become <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. </p><p>After serving in the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations,_United_States_Army" title="European Theater of Operations, United States Army">European Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Kirby produced work for DC Comics, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Comics" title="Harvey Comics">Harvey Comics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillman_Periodicals" title="Hillman Periodicals">Hillman Periodicals</a> and other publishers. At <a href="/wiki/Crestwood_Publications" title="Crestwood Publications">Crestwood Publications</a>, he and Simon created the genre of <a href="/wiki/Romance_comics" title="Romance comics">romance comics</a> and later founded their own short-lived comic company, <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Publications" title="Mainline Publications">Mainline Publications</a>. Kirby was involved in Timely's 1950s iteration, <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Comics_(1950s)" title="Atlas Comics (1950s)">Atlas Comics</a>, which in the next decade became Marvel. There, in the 1960s, Kirby cocreated many of the company's major characters, including <a href="/wiki/Ant-Man" title="Ant-Man">Ant-Man</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(comic_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Panther (comic book)">Black Panther</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer" title="Silver Surfer">Silver Surfer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a>, among many others. Kirby's titles garnered high sales and critical acclaim, but in 1970, feeling he had been treated unfairly, largely in the realm of authorship credit and creators' rights, Kirby left the company for rival DC. </p><p>At DC, Kirby created his <a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_(comics)" title="Fourth World (comics)">Fourth World</a> saga which spanned several comics titles. While these series proved commercially unsuccessful and were canceled, the Fourth World's <a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a> have continued as a significant part of the <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe" title="DC Universe">DC Universe</a>. Kirby returned to Marvel briefly in the mid-to-late 1970s, then ventured into <a href="/wiki/Television_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Television animation">television animation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent comics">independent comics</a>. In his later years, Kirby, who has been called "the <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> of comics",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began receiving great recognition in the mainstream press for his career accomplishments, and in 1987 he was one of the three inaugural inductees of the <a href="/wiki/The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame">Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame</a>. In 2017, Kirby was posthumously named a <a href="/wiki/Disney_Legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney Legend">Disney Legend</a> for his creations not only in the field of publishing, but also because those creations formed the basis for <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>'s financially and critically successful media franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a>. </p><p>Kirby was married to Rosalind Goldstein in 1942. They had four children and remained married until his death from heart failure in 1994, at the age of 76. The <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Kirby Awards">Jack Kirby Awards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Kirby Hall of Fame">Jack Kirby Hall of Fame</a> were named in his honor, and he is known as "<b>The King</b>" among comics fans for his many influential contributions to the medium. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_(1917–1935)"><span id="Early_life_.281917.E2.80.931935.29"></span>Early life (1917–1935)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life (1917–1935)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jack Kirby was born Jacob Kurtzberg on August 28, 1917, at 147 <a href="/wiki/Essex_Street" title="Essex Street">Essex Street</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; he grew up there.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirbymuseum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirbymuseum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents, Rose (Bernstein) and Benjamin Kurtzberg,<sup id="cite_ref-Kirbymuseum_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirbymuseum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Austrian-Jewish</a> immigrants, and his father earned a living as a <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">garment</a> factory worker.<sup id="cite_ref-hamilsue_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamilsue-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby grew up in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Among his close friends was <a href="/wiki/Leon_Klinghoffer" title="Leon Klinghoffer">Leon Klinghoffer</a>, who grew up in the same neighborhood, and who in 1985 was shot, killed and thrown overboard from the cruise ship <i><a href="/wiki/MS_Achille_Lauro" title="MS Achille Lauro">Achille Lauro</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">Palestinian Liberation Front</a> <a href="/wiki/Achille_Lauro_hijacking" title="Achille Lauro hijacking">hijackers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his youth, Kirby desired to escape his neighborhood. He liked to draw, and sought out places he could learn more about art.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004195–196_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004195–196-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essentially self-taught,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200834_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200834-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby cited among his influences the <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> artists <a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Raymond" title="Alex Raymond">Alex Raymond</a>, as well as such editorial cartoonists as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Sykes" title="Charles Henry Sykes">C. H. Sykes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Norwood_Darling" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Norwood Darling">"Ding" Darling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rollin_Kirby" title="Rollin Kirby">Rollin Kirby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200834_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200834-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was rejected by <a href="/wiki/The_Educational_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="The Educational Alliance">the Educational Alliance</a> because he drew "too fast with charcoal", according to Kirby. He later found an outlet for his skills by drawing cartoons for the newspaper of the Boys Brotherhood Republic, a "miniature city" on East 3rd Street where street kids ran their own government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004196_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004196-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At age 14, Kirby enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_Institute" title="Pratt Institute">Pratt Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, leaving after a week. "I wasn't the kind of student that Pratt was looking for. They wanted people who would work on something forever. I didn't want to work on any project forever. I intended to get things done".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry_into_comics_(1936–1940)"><span id="Entry_into_comics_.281936.E2.80.931940.29"></span>Entry into comics (1936–1940)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Entry into comics (1936–1940)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_America_Comics-1_(March_1941_Timely_Comics).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Captain_America_Comics-1_%28March_1941_Timely_Comics%29.jpg/220px-Captain_America_Comics-1_%28March_1941_Timely_Comics%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9c/Captain_America_Comics-1_%28March_1941_Timely_Comics%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption><i>Captain America Comics</i> #1 (<a href="/wiki/Cover-date" class="mw-redirect" title="Cover-date">cover-dated</a> March 1941); cover art by Kirby and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kirby joined the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Newspaper_Syndicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Newspaper Syndicate">Lincoln Newspaper Syndicate</a> in 1936, working there on newspaper comic strips and on single-panel advice cartoons such as <i>Your Health Comes First!!!</i> (under the <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> <b>Jack Curtiss</b>). He remained until late 1939, when he began working for the theatrical animation company <a href="/wiki/Fleischer_Studios" title="Fleischer Studios">Fleischer Studios</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Inbetweening" title="Inbetweening">inbetweener</a> (an artist who fills in the action between major-movement frames) on <i><a href="/wiki/Popeye_the_Sailor_(animated_cartoons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popeye the Sailor (animated cartoons)">Popeye</a></i> cartoons at the same time in 1935. He left the studio before the Fleischer strike in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Cartoon_Research_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartoon_Research-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I went from Lincoln to Fleischer," he recalled. "From Fleischer I had to get out in a hurry because I couldn't take that kind of thing," describing it as "a factory in a sense, like my father's factory. They were manufacturing pictures."<sup id="cite_ref-cj_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cj-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around that time, the American comic book industry was booming. Kirby began writing and drawing for the <a href="/wiki/Comic_book_packager" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic book packager">comic book packager</a> <a href="/wiki/Eisner_%26_Iger" title="Eisner & Iger">Eisner & Iger</a>, one of a handful of firms creating comics on demand for publishers. Through that company, Kirby did what he remembered as his first comic book work, for <i>Wild Boy Magazine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included such strips as the science fiction adventure "The Diary of Dr. Hayward" (under the pseudonym <b>Curt Davis</b>), the <a href="/wiki/Western_comics" title="Western comics">Western</a> crimefighter feature "Wilton of the West" (as <b>Fred Sande</b>), the <a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler" title="Swashbuckler">swashbuckler</a> adventure "The Count of Monte Cristo" (again as Jack Curtiss), and the humor features "Abdul Jones" (as <b>Ted Grey</b>) and "Socko the Seadog" (as <b>Teddy</b>), all variously for <i><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_Comics" title="Jumbo Comics">Jumbo Comics</a></i> and other Eisner-Iger clients.<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He first used the surname Kirby as the pseudonymous <b>Lance Kirby</b> in two "Lone Rider" Western stories in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Color_Printing" title="Eastern Color Printing">Eastern Color Printing</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Famous_Funnies" title="Famous Funnies">Famous Funnies</a></i> #63–64 (Oct.–Nov. 1939).<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ultimately settled on the pen name Jack Kirby because it reminded him of actor <a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a>. However, he took offense to those who suggested he changed his name in order to hide his <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004197_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004197-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_Joe_Simon">Partnership with Joe Simon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Partnership with Joe Simon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kirby moved on to comic-book publisher and newspaper syndicator <a href="/wiki/Fox_Feature_Syndicate" title="Fox Feature Syndicate">Fox Feature Syndicate</a>, earning a then-reasonable $15-a-week salary. He began to explore superhero narrative with the comic strip <i>The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Beetle" title="Blue Beetle">Blue Beetle</a></i>, published from January to March 1940, starring a character created by the pseudonymous <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicholas_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Nicholas (comics)">Charles Nicholas</a>, a house name that Kirby retained for the three-month-long strip. During this time, Kirby met and began collaborating with cartoonist and Fox editor <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a>, who in addition to his staff work continued to freelance. Simon recalled in 1988, "I loved Jack's work and the first time I saw it I couldn't believe what I was seeing. He asked if we could do some freelance work together. I was delighted and I took him over to my little office. We worked from the second issue of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Bolt" title="Blue Bolt">Blue Bolt</a> through... about 25 years."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After leaving Fox and collaborating on the premiere issue of <a href="/wiki/Fawcett_Comics" title="Fawcett Comics">Fawcett Comics</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Captain Marvel</a> Adventures</i> ([March] 1941),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first solo title for the previously introduced superhero, and for which Kirby was told to mimic creator <a href="/wiki/C.C._Beck" class="mw-redirect" title="C.C. Beck">C.C. Beck</a>'s drawing style,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the duo were hired on staff at <a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">pulp magazine</a> publisher <a href="/wiki/Martin_Goodman_(publisher)" title="Martin Goodman (publisher)">Martin Goodman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Timely_Comics" title="Timely Comics">Timely Comics</a> (later to become Marvel Comics). There Simon and Kirby created the patriotic superhero <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a> in late 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simon, who became the company's editor, with Kirby as art director, said he negotiated with Goodman to give the duo 25 percent of the profits from the feature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200425_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200425-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first issue of <i>Captain America Comics</i>, released in early 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sold out in days, and the second issue's print run was set at over a million copies. The title's success established the team as a notable creative force in the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004200_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004200-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the first issue was published, Simon asked Kirby to join the Timely staff as the company's art director.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200421_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200421-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the success of the Captain America character, Simon said he felt that Goodman was not paying the pair the promised percentage of profits, and so sought work for the two of them at <a href="/wiki/National_Comics_Publications" title="National Comics Publications">National Comics Publications</a> (later renamed <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200425_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200425-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby and Simon negotiated a deal that would pay them a combined $500 a week, as opposed to the $75 and $85 they respectively earned at Timely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200425-26_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200425-26-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pair feared Goodman would not pay them if he found they were moving to National, but many people knew of their plan, including Timely editorial assistant <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a>. When Goodman eventually discovered it, he told Simon and Kirby to leave after finishing work on <i>Captain America Comics</i> #10.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200427_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200427-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby was bitterly convinced it was specifically Lee who betrayed them, ignoring Simon's willingness to give him the benefit of the doubt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey201249_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey201249-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirby and Simon spent their first weeks at National trying to devise new characters while the company sought how best to utilize the pair.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200428_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200428-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a few failed editor-assigned ghosting assignments, National's <a href="/wiki/Jack_Liebowitz" title="Jack Liebowitz">Jack Liebowitz</a> told them to "just do what you want". The pair then revamped the <a href="/wiki/Sandman_(Wesley_Dodds)" title="Sandman (Wesley Dodds)">Sandman</a> feature in <i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Comics" title="Adventure Comics">Adventure Comics</a></i> and created the superhero <a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(comics)" title="Manhunter (comics)">Manhunter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200430_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200430-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1942 they began the <i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Commandos" title="Boy Commandos">Boy Commandos</a></i> feature. The ongoing "kid gang" series of the same name, launched later that same year, was the creative team's first National feature to graduate into its own title.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It sold over a million copies a month, becoming National's third best-selling title.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200432_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200432-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They scored a hit with the homefront kid-gang team, the <a href="/wiki/Newsboy_Legion" title="Newsboy Legion">Newsboy Legion</a>, featuring in <i><a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Star-Spangled Comics">Star-Spangled Comics</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, DC Comics writer and executive Paul Levitz observed that "Like <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Shuster" title="Joe Shuster">Joe Shuster</a>, the creative team of Joe Simon and Jack Kirby was a mark of quality and a proven track record."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II_(1943–1945)"><span id="World_War_II_.281943.E2.80.931945.29"></span>World War II (1943–1945)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II (1943–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Kirby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jack_Kirby.jpg/180px-Jack_Kirby.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jack_Kirby.jpg/270px-Jack_Kirby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jack_Kirby.jpg/360px-Jack_Kirby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Kirby in the U.S. Army during World War II</figcaption></figure> <p>With World War II underway, Liebowitz expected that Simon and Kirby would be <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">drafted</a>, so he asked the artists to create an inventory of material to be published in their absence. The pair hired writers, inkers, letterers, and colorists in order to create a year's worth of material.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200432_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200432-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby was drafted into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> on June 7, 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200433_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200433-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After basic training at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Stewart">Camp Stewart</a>, near Savannah, Georgia, he was assigned to Company F of the <a href="/wiki/11th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="11th Infantry Regiment (United States)">11th Infantry Regiment</a>. He landed on <a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> on August 23, 1944, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> months after <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200867_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200867-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Kirby's reminiscences would place his arrival just 10 days after.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200433_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200433-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby recalled that a lieutenant, learning that comics artist Kirby was in his command, made him a scout who would advance into towns and draw <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> maps and pictures, an extremely dangerous duty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200435_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200435-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postwar_career_(1946–1955)"><span id="Postwar_career_.281946.E2.80.931955.29"></span>Postwar career (1946–1955)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar career (1946–1955)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Romance_Issue_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Young_Romance_Issue_1.jpg/220px-Young_Romance_Issue_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Young_Romance_Issue_1.jpg/330px-Young_Romance_Issue_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Young_Romance_Issue_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><i>Young Romance</i> #1 (Oct. 1947); cover art by Kirby and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Simon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, Simon arranged work for Kirby and himself at <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Comics" title="Harvey Comics">Harvey Comics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200445_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200445-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where, through the early 1950s, the duo created such titles as the kid-gang adventure <i>Boy Explorers Comics</i>, the kid-gang <a href="/wiki/Western_comics" title="Western comics">Western</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_Ranch" title="Boys' Ranch">Boys' Ranch</a></i>, the superhero comic <i>Stuntman</i>, and, in vogue with the fad for <a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3-D movies</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_3-D" title="Captain 3-D">Captain 3-D</a></i>. Simon and Kirby additionally freelanced for <a href="/wiki/Hillman_Periodicals" title="Hillman Periodicals">Hillman Periodicals</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Crime-fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime-fiction">crime-fiction</a> comic <i>Real Clue Crime</i>) and for <a href="/wiki/Crestwood_Publications" title="Crestwood Publications">Crestwood Publications</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Justice_Traps_the_Guilty" title="Justice Traps the Guilty">Justice Traps the Guilty</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team had its greatest success in the postwar period by creating <a href="/wiki/Romance_comics" title="Romance comics">romance comics</a>. Simon, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Macfadden_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Macfadden Publications">Macfadden Publications</a>' romantic-confession magazine <i>True Story</i>, transplanted the idea to comic books and with Kirby created a first-issue mock-up of <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Romance" title="Young Romance">Young Romance</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-joesimon123-125_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joesimon123-125-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Showing it to Crestwood general manager Maurice Rosenfeld, Simon asked for 50% of the comic's profits. Crestwood publishers Teddy Epstein and Mike Bleier agreed,<sup id="cite_ref-joesimon123-125_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joesimon123-125-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stipulating that the creators would take no money up front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200872_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200872-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Young Romance</i> #1 (cover-date Oct. 1947) "became Jack and Joe's biggest hit in years".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200446-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first title sold a staggering 92% of its print run, inspiring Crestwood to increase the print run by the third issue to triple the initial number of copies.<sup id="cite_ref-Real_Love_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Real_Love-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially published bimonthly, <i>Young Romance</i> quickly became a monthly title and produced the spin-off <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Love_(comics)" title="Young Love (comics)">Young Love</a></i>—together the two titles sold two million copies per month, according to Simon<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—later joined by <i>Young Brides</i> and <i>In Love</i>, the latter "featuring full-length romance stories".<sup id="cite_ref-Real_Love_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Real_Love-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Young Romance</i> spawned dozens of imitators from publishers such as Timely, <a href="/wiki/Fawcett_Comics" title="Fawcett Comics">Fawcett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quality_Comics" title="Quality Comics">Quality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Feature_Syndicate" title="Fox Feature Syndicate">Fox Feature Syndicate</a>. Despite the glut, the Simon and Kirby romance titles continued to sell millions of copies a month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200446-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bitter that <a href="/wiki/Timely_Comics" title="Timely Comics">Timely Comics</a>' 1950s iteration, <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Comics_(1950s)" title="Atlas Comics (1950s)">Atlas Comics</a>, had relaunched Captain America in a new series in 1954, Kirby and Simon created <i><a href="/wiki/Fighting_American" title="Fighting American">Fighting American</a></i>. Simon recalled, "We thought we'd show them how to do Captain America".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200452_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200452-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the comic book initially portrayed the protagonist as an <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-Communist</a> dramatic hero, Simon and Kirby turned the series into a superhero satire with the second issue, in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Army-McCarthy_hearings" class="mw-redirect" title="Army-McCarthy hearings">Army-McCarthy hearings</a> and the public backlash against the Red-baiting U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200454_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200454-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Simon_(1956–1957)"><span id="After_Simon_.281956.E2.80.931957.29"></span>After Simon (1956–1957)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: After Simon (1956–1957)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the urging of a Crestwood salesman, Kirby and Simon launched their own comics company, <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Publications" title="Mainline Publications">Mainline Publications</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200454_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200454-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> securing a distribution deal with Leader News<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in late 1953 or early 1954, subletting space from their friend <a href="/wiki/Al_Harvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Harvey">Al Harvey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Publications">Harvey Publications</a> at 1860 Broadway.<sup id="cite_ref-autobio1990p151_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio1990p151-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mainline, which existed from 1954 to 1955, published four titles: the Western <i>Bullseye: Western Scout</i>; the <a href="/wiki/War_comics" title="War comics">war comic</a> <i>Foxhole</i> because <a href="/wiki/EC_Comics" title="EC Comics">EC Comics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Comics_(1950s)" title="Atlas Comics (1950s)">Atlas Comics</a> were having success with war comics, but promoting theirs as being written and drawn by actual veterans; <i>In Love</i> because their earlier <a href="/wiki/Romance_comic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance comic">romance comic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Love_(comic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Love (comic)">Young Love</a></i> was still being widely imitated; and the <a href="/wiki/Crime_comic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime comic">crime comic</a> <i>Police Trap</i>, which claimed to be based on genuine accounts by law-enforcement officials.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the duo rearranged and republished artwork from an old Crestwood story in <i>In Love</i>, Crestwood refused to pay the team,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200455_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200455-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who sought an audit of Crestwood's finances. Upon review, the pair's attorneys stated the company owed them $130,000 for work done over the past seven years. Crestwood paid them $10,000 in addition to their recent delayed payments. The partnership between Kirby and Simon had become strained.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200456_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200456-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simon left the industry for a career in advertising, while Kirby continued to freelance. "He wanted to do other things and I stuck with comics," Kirby recalled in 1971. "It was fine. There was no reason to continue the partnership and we parted friends."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this point in the mid-1950s, Kirby made a temporary return to the former <a href="/wiki/Timely_Comics" title="Timely Comics">Timely Comics</a>, now known as Atlas Comics, the direct predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>. Inker <a href="/wiki/Frank_Giacoia" title="Frank Giacoia">Frank Giacoia</a> had approached editor-in-chief Stan Lee for work and suggested he could "get Kirby back here to pencil some stuff.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200460_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200460-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While freelancing for National Comics Publications, the future <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>, Kirby drew 20 stories for Atlas from 1956 to 1957: Beginning with the five-page "Mine Field" in <i>Battleground</i> #14 (Nov. 1956), Kirby penciled and in some cases inked (with his wife, <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Personal_life">Roz</a>) and wrote stories of the <a href="/wiki/Western_comics" title="Western comics">Western</a> hero <a href="/wiki/Black_Rider_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Rider (comics)">Black Rider</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu" title="Fu Manchu">Fu Manchu</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Claw_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Claw (comics)">Yellow Claw</a>, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in 1957, distribution troubles caused the "Atlas implosion" that resulted in several series being dropped and no new material being assigned for many months. The next year Kirby returned to the nascent Marvel. </p><p>For DC around that time, Kirby co-created with writers Dick and Dave Wood the non-superpowered adventuring quartet the <a href="/wiki/Challengers_of_the_Unknown" title="Challengers of the Unknown">Challengers of the Unknown</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Showcase_(comics)" title="Showcase (comics)">Showcase</a></i> #6 (Feb. 1957),<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while contributing to such anthologies as <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mystery" title="House of Mystery">House of Mystery</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 30 months freelancing for DC, Kirby drew slightly more than 600 pages, which included 11 six-page <a href="/wiki/Green_Arrow" title="Green Arrow">Green Arrow</a> stories in <i><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Finest_Comics" title="World's Finest Comics">World's Finest Comics</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Comics" title="Adventure Comics">Adventure Comics</a></i> that in a rarity, Kirby inked himself.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby recast the archer as a science-fiction hero, moving him away from his Batman-formula roots, but, in the process, alienating Green Arrow co-creator <a href="/wiki/Mort_Weisinger" title="Mort Weisinger">Mort Weisinger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200461_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200461-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He began drawing <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_Masters_of_the_Space_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Masters of the Space Force">Sky Masters of the Space Force</a>,</i> a newspaper comic strip, written by the Wood brothers and initially inked by the unrelated <a href="/wiki/Wally_Wood" title="Wally Wood">Wally Wood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby left National Comics Publications due largely to a contractual dispute in which editor <a href="/wiki/Jack_Schiff" title="Jack Schiff">Jack Schiff</a>, who had been involved in getting Kirby and the Wood brothers the <i>Sky Masters</i> contract, claimed he was due royalties from Kirby's share of the strip's profits. Schiff successfully sued Kirby.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008109_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008109-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some DC editors had criticized him over art details, such as not drawing "the shoelaces on a cavalryman's boots" and showing a Native American "mounting his horse from the wrong side."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200491_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200491-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marvel_Comics_in_the_Silver_Age_(1958–1970)"><span id="Marvel_Comics_in_the_Silver_Age_.281958.E2.80.931970.29"></span>Marvel Comics in the Silver Age (1958–1970)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Marvel Comics in the Silver Age (1958–1970)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several months later, after his split with DC, Kirby began freelancing regularly for Atlas despite harboring negative sentiments about Stan Lee (the cousin of Timely publisher Martin Goodman's wife), who Kirby had always found annoying on top of his aforementioned betrayal he suspected in the 1940s. Because of the poor page rates, Kirby would spend 12 to 14 hours daily at his drawing table at home, producing four to five pages of artwork a day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004282_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004282-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first published work at Atlas was the cover of and the seven-page story "I Discovered the Secret of the Flying Saucers" in <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Worlds_(Atlas_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strange Worlds (Atlas Comics)">Strange Worlds</a></i> #1 (Dec. 1958). Initially with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rule" title="Christopher Rule">Christopher Rule</a> as his regular inker, and later <a href="/wiki/Dick_Ayers" title="Dick Ayers">Dick Ayers</a>, Kirby drew across all genres, from romance comics to war comics to crime comics to Western comics, but made his mark primarily with a series of supernatural-fantasy and science fiction stories featuring giant, <a href="/wiki/Drive-in_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive-in movie">drive-in movie</a>-style monsters with names like <a href="/wiki/Groot" title="Groot">Groot</a>, the Thing from Planet X;<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grottu, King of the Insects;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Fin_Fang_Foom" title="Fin Fang Foom">Fin Fang Foom</a> for the company's many anthology series, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Adventures" title="Amazing Adventures">Amazing Adventures</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales" title="Strange Tales">Strange Tales</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_to_Astonish" title="Tales to Astonish">Tales to Astonish</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Fantasy" title="World of Fantasy">World of Fantasy</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His bizarre designs of powerful, unearthly creatures proved a hit with readers. Additionally, he freelanced for <a href="/wiki/Archie_Comics" title="Archie Comics">Archie Comics</a> around this time, reuniting briefly with Joe Simon to help develop the series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fly_(Archie_Comics)" title="The Fly (Archie Comics)">The Fly</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shield_(Archie_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shield (Archie Comics)">The Double Life of Private Strong</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Kirby drew some issues of <i><a href="/wiki/Classics_Illustrated" title="Classics Illustrated">Classics Illustrated</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Marvel Kirby hit his stride once again in superhero comics, beginning with <i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">The Fantastic Four</a></i> #1 (Nov. 1961),<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which some have observed, shares many elements of Kirby's <i>Challengers of the Unknown</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The landmark series became a hit that revolutionized the industry with its comparative <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalism (arts)">naturalism</a> and, eventually, a cosmic purview informed by Kirby's seemingly boundless imagination—one well-matched with the consciousness-expanding <a href="/wiki/Youth_culture" title="Youth culture">youth culture</a> of the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-century_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-century-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iowahistoricalreview_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iowahistoricalreview-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For almost a decade, Kirby provided Marvel's house style, creating many of the Marvel characters and designing their visual motifs. At the editor-in-chief's request, he often provided new-to-Marvel artists "breakdown" layouts, over which they would pencil in order to become acquainted with the Marvel look. As artist <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a> described: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Jack was the single most influential figure in the turnaround in Marvel's fortunes from the time he rejoined the company ... It wasn't merely that Jack conceived most of the characters that are being done, but ... Jack's point of view and philosophy of drawing became the governing philosophy of the entire publishing company and, beyond the publishing company, of the entire field ... [Marvel took] Jack and use[d] him as a primer. They would get artists ... and they taught them the ABCs, which amounted to learning Jack Kirby ... Jack was like the Holy Scripture and they simply had to follow him without deviation. That's what was told to me ... It was how they taught everyone to reconcile all those opposing attitudes to one single master point of view.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Highlights of Kirby's tenure also include the <a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magneto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Magneto (Marvel Comics)">Magneto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom" title="Doctor Doom">Doctor Doom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uatu" title="Uatu">Uatu the Watcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ego_the_Living_Planet" title="Ego the Living Planet">Ego the Living Planet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inhumans" title="Inhumans">Inhumans</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeFalco111_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeFalco111-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their hidden city of Attilan, and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Panther (comics)">Black Panther</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (comics' first black superhero) and his <a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturist</a> nation, <a href="/wiki/Wakanda" title="Wakanda">Wakanda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby initially was assigned to pencil the first <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a> story, but when he showed Lee the first six pages, Lee recalled, "I <i>hated</i> the way he was doing it! Not that he did it badly—it just wasn't the character I wanted; it was too heroic".<sup id="cite_ref-Theakston_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theakston-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup> Lee then turned to <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a> to draw the story that would appear in <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Fantasy" title="Amazing Fantasy">Amazing Fantasy</a></i> #15, for which Kirby nonetheless penciled the cover.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee and Kirby gathered several of their newly created characters together into the team title <i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(comic_book)" title="The Avengers (comic book)">The Avengers</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and brought back old characters from the 1940s such as the <a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Sub-Mariner</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Captain America.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later years, Lee and Kirby disputed over who deserved credit for such creations as <i>The Fantastic Four</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fantasticfour72.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Fantasticfour72.jpg/220px-Fantasticfour72.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Fantasticfour72.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">Fantastic Four</a></i> #72 (March 1968). Cover art by Kirby and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sinnott" title="Joe Sinnott">Joe Sinnott</a>, illustrating <a href="/wiki/Kirby_Krackle" title="Kirby Krackle">Kirby Krackle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The story frequently cited as Lee and Kirby's finest achievement<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is "<a href="/wiki/The_Galactus_Trilogy" title="The Galactus Trilogy">The Galactus Trilogy</a>" in <i>Fantastic Four</i> #48–50 (March–May 1966), chronicling the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Galactus" title="Galactus">Galactus</a>, a cosmic giant who wanted to devour the planet, and his herald, the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer" title="Silver Surfer">Silver Surfer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Fantastic Four</i> #48 was chosen as #24 in the 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time poll of Marvel's readers in 2001. Editor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greenberger" title="Robert Greenberger">Robert Greenberger</a> wrote in his introduction to the story that "As the fourth year of the <i>Fantastic Four</i> came to a close, Stan Lee and Jack Kirby seemed to be only warming up. In retrospect, it was perhaps the most fertile period of any monthly title during the Marvel Age."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comics historian <a href="/wiki/Les_Daniels" title="Les Daniels">Les Daniels</a> noted that "[t]he mystical and metaphysical elements that took over the saga were perfectly suited to the tastes of young readers in the 1960s", and Lee soon discovered that the story was a favorite on college campuses.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby continued to expand the medium's boundaries, devising photo-collage covers and interiors, developing new drawing techniques such as the method for depicting energy fields now known as "<a href="/wiki/Kirby_Krackle" title="Kirby Krackle">Kirby Krackle</a>", and other experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968 and 1969, Joe Simon was involved in litigation with Marvel Comics over the ownership of Captain America, initiated by Marvel after Simon registered the copyright renewal for Captain America in his own name. According to Simon, Kirby agreed to support the company in the litigation and, as part of a deal Kirby made with publisher Martin Goodman, signed over to Marvel any rights he might have had to the character.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, Kirby grew increasingly dissatisfied with working at Marvel, for reasons Kirby biographer Mark Evanier has suggested include resentment over Lee's media prominence, a lack of full creative control, anger over breaches of perceived promises by publisher Martin Goodman, and frustration over Marvel's failure to credit him specifically for his story plotting and for his character creations and co-creations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008126–163_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008126–163-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began to both write and draw some secondary features for Marvel, such as "The Inhumans" in <a href="/wiki/Amazing_Adventures#1970_series" title="Amazing Adventures"><i>Amazing Adventures</i> volume two</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as horror stories for the anthology title <i><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Darkness" title="Chamber of Darkness">Chamber of Darkness</a>,</i> and received full credit for doing so; but in 1970, Kirby was presented with a contract that included unfavorable terms such as a prohibition against legal retaliation. When Kirby objected, the management refused to negotiate any contract changes, bluntly dismissing his contribution to Marvel's success since they considered Lee solely responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008163_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008163-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby, although he was earning $35,000 a year freelancing for the company<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (adjusted for inflation it was the equivalent of over $271,000 in 2024),<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then left Marvel in 1970 for rival DC Comics, under editorial director <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012115_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012115-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DC_Comics_and_the_Fourth_World_saga_(1971–1975)"><span id="DC_Comics_and_the_Fourth_World_saga_.281971.E2.80.931975.29"></span>DC Comics and the Fourth World saga (1971–1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: DC Comics and the Fourth World saga (1971–1975)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Gods_1971_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/New_Gods_1971_1.jpg/220px-New_Gods_1971_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/New_Gods_1971_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Gods">The New Gods</a></i> #1 (March 1971) Cover art by Kirby and <a href="/wiki/Don_Heck" title="Don Heck">Don Heck</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kirby spent nearly two years negotiating a deal to move to DC Comics,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo2004139_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo2004139-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where in late 1970 he signed a three-year contract with an option for two additional years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo2004143_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo2004143-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He produced a series of interlinked titles under the blanket <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> "<a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_(comics)" title="Fourth World (comics)">The Fourth World</a>", which included a trilogy of new titles—<i><a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle" title="Mister Miracle">Mister Miracle</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forever_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Forever People">The Forever People</a></i>—as well as the extant <i><a href="/wiki/Superman%27s_Pal_Jimmy_Olsen" title="Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen">Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012115_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012115-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby picked the latter book because the series was without a stable creative team and he did not want to cost anyone a job.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three books Kirby originated dealt with aspects of mythology he had previously touched upon in <i>Thor</i>. <i>The New Gods</i> would establish this new mythos, while in <i>The Forever People</i> Kirby would attempt to mythologize the lives of the young people he observed around him. The third book, <i>Mister Miracle</i> was more of a personal myth. The title character was an escape artist, which Mark Evanier suggests Kirby channeled his feelings of constraint into. Mister Miracle's wife was based in character on Kirby's wife Roz, and he even caricatured Stan Lee within the pages of the book as <a href="/wiki/Funky_Flashman" title="Funky Flashman">Funky Flashman</a>, a depiction Lee found hurtful while Kirby tried to downplay the insult when confronted about it by Lee's protege, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a>, who was similarly insulted with Flashman's sidekick, Houseroy.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008172–177_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008172–177-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The central villain of the Fourth World series, <a href="/wiki/Darkseid" title="Darkseid">Darkseid</a>, and some of the Fourth World concepts, appeared in <i>Jimmy Olsen</i> before the launch of the other Fourth World books, giving the new titles greater exposure to potential buyers. The Superman figures and Jimmy Olsen faces drawn by Kirby were redrawn by <a href="/wiki/Al_Plastino" title="Al Plastino">Al Plastino</a>, and later by <a href="/wiki/Murphy_Anderson" title="Murphy Anderson">Murphy Anderson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DAK2_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAK2-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les Daniels observed in 1995 that "Kirby's mix of slang and myth, science fiction and the Bible, made for a heady brew, but the scope of his vision has endured."<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, comics writer <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" title="Grant Morrison">Grant Morrison</a> commented that "Kirby's dramas were staged across Jungian vistas of raw symbol and storm ... The Fourth World saga crackles with the voltage of Jack Kirby's boundless imagination let loose onto paper."<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to his artistic efforts, Kirby proposed a variety of new formats for comics such as planning to collect his published Fourth World stories into square-bound books, a format that would later be called the <a href="/wiki/Trade_paperback_(comics)" title="Trade paperback (comics)">trade paperback</a>, which would eventually become standard practice in the industry. However, Infantino and company were not receptive and Kirby's proposals only went as far as producing the one-shot black-and-white magazines <i>Spirit World</i> and <i>In the Days of the Mob</i> in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirby later produced other DC series including <i><a href="/wiki/OMAC_(Buddy_Blank)" title="OMAC (Buddy Blank)">OMAC</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Kamandi" title="Kamandi">Kamandi</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">The Demon</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kobra_(DC_comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobra (DC comics)">Kobra</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as working on such extant features as "<a href="/wiki/Losers_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Losers (comics)">The Losers</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Fighting_Forces" title="Our Fighting Forces">Our Fighting Forces</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with former partner Joe Simon for one last time, he worked on a new incarnation of the <a href="/wiki/Sandman_(DC_Comics)" title="Sandman (DC Comics)">Sandman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby produced three issues of the <i><a href="/wiki/1st_Issue_Special" title="1st Issue Special">1st Issue Special</a></i> anthology series and created <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(DC_Comics)" title="Atlas (DC Comics)">Atlas the Great</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a new <a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(comics)" title="Manhunter (comics)">Manhunter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Dingbats_of_Danger_Street" title="Dingbats of Danger Street">Dingbats of Danger Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirby's production assistant of the time, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Mark Evanier</a>, recounted that DC's policies of the era were not in sync with Kirby's creative impulses. Also Evanier said that he was often forced to work on characters and projects which he did not like.<sup id="cite_ref-DAK2_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAK2-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, some artists at DC did not want Kirby there, as he threatened their positions in the company; they also had bad blood from previous competition with Marvel and legal problems with him. Since he was working from California, they were able to undermine his work through redesigns in the New York office.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Marvel_(1976–1978)"><span id="Return_to_Marvel_.281976.E2.80.931978.29"></span>Return to Marvel (1976–1978)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Return to Marvel (1976–1978)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Comic_book_convention" title="Comic book convention">comic book convention</a> Marvelcon '75, in 1975, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Kirby was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for DC Comics. Lee wrote in his monthly column, "Stan Lee's Soapbox", "I mentioned that I had a special announcement to make. As I started telling about Jack's return, to a totally incredulous audience, everyone's head started to snap around as Kirby himself came waltzin' down the aisle to join us on the rostrum! You can imagine how it felt clownin' around with the co-creator of most of Marvel's greatest strips once more."<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Back at Marvel, Kirby both wrote and drew the monthly <i>Captain America</i> series<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <i>Captain America's Bicentennial Battles</i> <a href="/wiki/One-shot_(comics)" title="One-shot (comics)">one-shot</a> in the oversized <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Treasury_Edition" title="Marvel Treasury Edition">treasury format</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He created the series <i><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(comics)" title="Eternals (comics)">The Eternals</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which featured a race of inscrutable alien giants, the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_(comics)" title="Celestial (comics)">Celestials</a>, whose behind-the-scenes intervention in primordial humanity would eventually become a core element of <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Universe" title="Marvel Universe">Marvel Universe</a> continuity. He produced an adaptation and expansion of the film <i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(comics)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (comics)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as an abortive attempt to do the same for the classic television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_in_other_media#Marvel_Comics" title="The Prisoner in other media">The Prisoner</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote and drew <i>Black Panther</i> and drew numerous covers across the line.<sup id="cite_ref-gcdjack_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirby's other Marvel creations in this period include <a href="/wiki/Machine_Man" title="Machine Man">Machine Man</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Devil_Dinosaur" title="Devil Dinosaur">Devil Dinosaur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby's final comics collaboration with Stan Lee, <i>The Silver Surfer: The Ultimate Cosmic Experience</i>, was published in 1978 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Fireside_Books" title="Marvel Fireside Books">Marvel Fireside Books</a> series and is considered Marvel's first <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_animation_(1979–1980)"><span id="Film_and_animation_.281979.E2.80.931980.29"></span>Film and animation (1979–1980)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Film and animation (1979–1980)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Still dissatisfied with Marvel's treatment of him,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with an offer of employment from <a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera" title="Hanna-Barbera">Hanna-Barbera</a>, a job located in nearby Hollywood,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby left Marvel to work in animation. In that field for <a href="/wiki/Ruby-Spears_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby-Spears Productions">Ruby-Spears Productions</a> he did designs for <i><a href="/wiki/Turbo_Teen" title="Turbo Teen">Turbo Teen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thundarr_the_Barbarian" title="Thundarr the Barbarian">Thundarr the Barbarian</a></i> and other animated series for television.<sup id="cite_ref-DAK2_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAK2-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to a superior pay to his comics work, Kirby enjoyed excellent relations with the staff, especially with the younger artists who typically credited him as their inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked on <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Fantastic_Four" title="The New Fantastic Four">The New Fantastic Four</a></i> animated series, reuniting him with scriptwriter Stan Lee and they kept their relations sufficiently cordial on a professional level.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He illustrated an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Walt Disney</a> movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Hole" class="mw-redirect" title="The Black Hole">The Black Hole</a></i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney%27s_Treasury_of_Classic_Tales" title="Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales">Walt Disney's Treasury of Classic Tales</a></i> syndicated comic strip in 1979–80.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, Kirby drew concept art for film producer Barry Geller's script treatment adapting <a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a>'s science fiction novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Light" title="Lord of Light">Lord of Light</a></i>, for which Geller had purchased the rights. In collaboration, Geller commissioned Kirby to draw set designs that would be used as architectural renderings for a Colorado <a href="/wiki/Theme_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme park">theme park</a> to be called Science Fiction Land; Geller announced his plans at a November press conference attended by Kirby, former American football star <a href="/wiki/Rosey_Grier" title="Rosey Grier">Rosey Grier</a>, writer <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a>, and others. While the film did not come to fruition, Kirby's drawings were used for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a>", in which some members of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Tehran" title="Embassy of the United States, Tehran">U.S. embassy in Tehran</a>, Iran, who had avoided capture in the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>, were able to escape the country posing as members of a movie location-scouting crew.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_(1981–1994)"><span id="Final_years_.281981.E2.80.931994.29"></span>Final years (1981–1994)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Final years (1981–1994)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombast1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/Bombast1.jpg/220px-Bombast1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/37/Bombast1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Topps Comics' <i>Bombast</i> #1 (April 1993). Cover art by Kirby.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1980s, Kirby and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Comics" title="Pacific Comics">Pacific Comics</a>, a new, non-newsstand comic-book publisher, made one of the industry's earliest deals for <a href="/wiki/Creator-owned" class="mw-redirect" title="Creator-owned">creator-owned</a> series, resulting in <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Victory_and_the_Galactic_Rangers" title="Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers">Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the six-issue miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star_(comics)" title="Silver Star (comics)">Silver Star</a></i> (later collected in hardcover format in 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, together with similar actions by other <a href="/wiki/Independent_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent comics">independent comics</a> publishers as <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Comics" title="Eclipse Comics">Eclipse Comics</a> (where Kirby co-created the character <a href="/wiki/Destroyer_Duck" title="Destroyer Duck">Destroyer Duck</a> in a benefit comic-book series published to help <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gerber" title="Steve Gerber">Steve Gerber</a> fight a legal case against Marvel),<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> helped establish a precedent to end the monopoly of the work-for-hire system, wherein comics creators, even freelancers, had owned no rights to characters they created.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983 Richard Kyle commissioned Kirby to create a 10-page autobiographical strip, "<a href="/wiki/Street_Code" title="Street Code">Street Code</a>", which became one of the last works published in Kirby's lifetime. It was published in 1990, in the second issue of Kyle's revival of <i><a href="/wiki/Argosy_(magazine)" title="Argosy (magazine)">Argosy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby continued to do periodic work for DC Comics during the 1980s, including a brief revival of his "Fourth World" saga in the 1984 and 1985 <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Powers_Collection" title="Super Powers Collection">Super Powers</a></i> miniseries<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1985 graphic novel <i>The Hunger Dogs</i>. DC executives <a href="/wiki/Jenette_Kahn" title="Jenette Kahn">Jenette Kahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Levitz" title="Paul Levitz">Paul Levitz</a> had Kirby re-design the Fourth World characters for the <i>Super Powers</i> toyline as a way of entitling him to royalties for several of his DC creations.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, Kirby and <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a> helped to create the concept and designs for the <a href="/wiki/Ruby-Spears" title="Ruby-Spears">Ruby-Spears</a> animated television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Centurions_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Centurions (TV series)">The Centurions</a></i>. A comic-book series based on the show was published by DC and a toy line produced by <a href="/wiki/Kenner_Products" title="Kenner Products">Kenner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the twilight of his life, Kirby spent a great deal of time sparring with Marvel executives over the ownership rights of his original page boards. At Marvel, many of these pages owned by the company (due to outdated and legally dubious copyright claims) were given away as promotional gifts to Marvel clients or simply stolen from company warehouses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1976" title="Copyright Act of 1976">Copyright Act of 1976</a>, which greatly expanded artist copyright capabilities, comics publishers began to return original art to creators, but in Marvel's case only if they signed a release reaffirming Marvel's ownership of the copyright. In 1985, Marvel issued a release that demanded Kirby affirm that his art was created for hire, allowing Marvel to retain copyright in perpetuity, in addition to demanding that Kirby forego all future royalties. Marvel offered him 88 pages of his art (less than 1% of his total output) if he signed the agreement, but reserved the right to reclaim the art if Kirby violated the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157–160_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157–160-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Kirby publicly slammed Marvel, calling the company thugs and claiming they were arbitrarily holding his creations, Marvel finally returned (after two years of deliberations) approximately 1,900<sup id="cite_ref-tcjkirbygoliath_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcjkirbygoliath-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 2,100 pages of the estimated 10,000 to 13,000 Kirby drew for the company.<sup id="cite_ref-glengold_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glengold-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tcj116p15_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcj116p15-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the producer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Band" title="Charles Band">Charles Band</a>, Jack Kirby made concept art for the films <i>Doctor Mortalis</i> and <i>Mindmaster</i>, which were later released as <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Mordrid" title="Doctor Mordrid">Doctor Mordrid</a></i> (1992) and <a href="/wiki/Mandroid_(film)" title="Mandroid (film)"><i>Mandroid</i></a> (1993), respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Doctor Mordrid</i> began as a planned adaptation of the Marvel Comics character <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strange" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Strange">Dr. Strange</a>, but Band's option expired.<sup id="cite_ref-Living_Myth_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Living_Myth-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Topps_Comics" title="Topps Comics">Topps Comics</a>, founded in 1993, Kirby retained ownership of characters used in multiple series of what the company dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Kirbyverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirbyverse">The Kirbyverse</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008207_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008207-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These titles were derived mainly from designs and concepts Kirby had kept in his files, some intended initially for the by-then-defunct Pacific Comics, and then licensed to Topps for what became the "<a href="/wiki/Secret_City_Saga" title="Secret City Saga">Jack Kirby's Secret City Saga</a>" mythos.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Phantom Force</i> was the last comic book Kirby worked on before his death. The story was co-written by Kirby with Michael Thibodeaux and Richard French, based on an eight-page pitch for an unused <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a> comic in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Issues #1 and 2 were published by <a href="/wiki/Image_Comics" title="Image Comics">Image Comics</a> with various Image artists inking over Kirby's pencils. Issue #0 and issues #3–8 were published by Genesis West, with Kirby providing pencils for issues #0 and 4. Thibodeaux provided the art for the remaining issues of the series after Kirby died.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1940s, Kirby and his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>. Kirby met Rosalind "Roz" Goldstein, who lived in the same Brooklyn apartment building. The pair began dating soon afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200414_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200414-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby proposed to Goldstein on her 18th birthday, and the two became engaged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200416_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200416-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They married on May 23, 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200857_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200857-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had four children: Susan (b. December 6, 1945),<sup id="cite_ref-TJKC10_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TJKC10-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neal (b. May 1948),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200446-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barbara (b. November 1952),<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Lisa (b. September 1960).<sup id="cite_ref-TJKC10_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TJKC10-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-galacticlisa_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galacticlisa-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After being <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">drafted</a> into the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> and serving in the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations,_United_States_Army" title="European Theater of Operations, United States Army">European Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby corresponded with his wife regularly by <a href="/wiki/V-mail" title="V-mail">v-mail</a>, with Roz sending daily letters while she worked in a lingerie shop and lived with her mother<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200440_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200440-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at 2820 Brighton 7th Street in Brooklyn.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the winter of 1944, Kirby suffered severe <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a> and was taken to a hospital in London for recovery. Doctors considered amputating Kirby's legs, which had turned black, but he eventually recovered and was able to walk again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200440–41_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200440–41-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to the United States in January 1945, assigned to <a href="/wiki/Camp_Butner" title="Camp Butner">Camp Butner</a> in North Carolina, where he spent the last six months of his service as part of the motor pool. Kirby was <a href="/wiki/Honorable_discharge" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorable discharge">honorably discharged</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Private_first_class" title="Private first class">private first class</a> on July 20, 1945, having received a <a href="/wiki/Combat_Infantryman_Badge" title="Combat Infantryman Badge">Combat Infantryman Badge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal">European/African/Middle Eastern Campaign Medal</a> with a bronze <a href="/wiki/Service_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Service Star">Battle Star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200869_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200869-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200442_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200442-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, Kirby bought a house for his family in <a href="/wiki/Mineola,_New_York" title="Mineola, New York">Mineola, New York</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200446-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the family's home for the next 20 years; Kirby worked out of a basement studio just 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, which the family referred to jocularly as "The Dungeon".<sup id="cite_ref-HeroComplex_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeroComplex-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved the family to Southern California in early 1969, both to live in a drier climate for the sake of daughter Lisa's health and to be closer to the Hollywood studios Jack Kirby believed might provide work.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview, Kirby's granddaughter Jillian Kirby said Jack Kirby was a "liberal Democrat".<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jack Kirby held <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> views, once saying that "I was against the reds. I became a witch hunter. My enemies were the commies—I called them commies. In fact, <a href="/wiki/Granny_Goodness" title="Granny Goodness">Granny Goodness</a> was a commie, <a href="/wiki/Fighting_American" title="Fighting American">Doubleheader</a> was a commie."<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 6, 1994, aged 76, Kirby died of heart failure in his <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks,_California" title="Thousand Oaks, California">Thousand Oaks, California</a> home.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Valley_Oaks_Memorial_Park" title="Valley Oaks Memorial Park">Valley Oaks Memorial Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village, California</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_style_and_achievements">Artistic style and achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Artistic style and achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brent Staples wrote in the <i>New York Times</i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He created a new grammar of storytelling and a cinematic style of motion. Once-wooden characters cascaded from one frame to another—or even from page to page—threatening to fall right out of the book into the reader's lap. The force of punches thrown was visibly and explosively evident. Even at rest, a Kirby character pulsed with tension and energy in a way that makes movie versions of the same characters seem static by comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt2007_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt2007-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Jack Kirby has been referred to as the "superhero of style", his artwork described by John Carlin in <i>Masters of American Comics</i> as "deliberately primitive and bombastic",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin2005101_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2005101-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and elsewhere has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders2015119–123_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders2015119–123-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">outsider art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> form, including the many characters he created or co-created and the many <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a> he worked on have led to him being referred to as the definitive comic book artist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin2005261_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2005261-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given the number of places Kirby's artwork can now be found, the toys based on his designs, and the success of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe_films" title="List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films">movies</a> based upon his work, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hatfield" title="Charles Hatfield">Charles Hatfield</a> and Ben Saunders said he was "one of the chief architects of the American imagination."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders20159_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders20159-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was regarded as a hard working artist, and it has been calculated that he drew at least 20,318 pages of published art and a further 1,385 covers in his career. He published 1,158 pages in 1962 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby defined comics in two periods. His work in the early 1940s with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a> strip, and then his superhero comics of the 1960s with <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> and on his own at <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RC_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby also created stories in almost every genre of comics, from the autobiographical <i><a href="/wiki/Street_Code" title="Street Code">Street Code</a></i> to the apocalyptic science fiction fantasy of <a href="/wiki/Kamandi" title="Kamandi">Kamandi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield20126–7_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield20126–7-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Narrative_approach_to_comics">Narrative approach to comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Narrative approach to comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many of his contemporaries, Kirby was hugely indebted to <a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Raymond" title="Alex Raymond">Alex Raymond</a> who codified many of the tropes of narrative art in adventure <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strips</a>. It has also been suggested that Kirby drew from <a href="/wiki/Burne_Hogarth" title="Burne Hogarth">Burne Hogarth</a>, whose dynamic figure work may have informed the way Kirby drew figures; "his ferocious bounding, and grotesquely articulated figures seem directly descended from Hogarth's dynamically contorted forms."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201261_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201261-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His style drew on these influences, all major artists at the time Kirby was learning his craft, with Caniff, Foster and Raymond between them imparting to the sequential adventure comic strip a highly illustrative approach based on realizing the setting to a very high degree. Where Kirby diverged from these influences, and where his style impacted on the formation of comic book art, was in his move away from an illustrated approach to one that was more dynamic. Kirby's artistic style was one that captured energy and motion within the image, synergizing with the text and helping to serve the narrative. In contrast, successors to the illustrative approach, such as <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a>, found their work eventually reach an impasse. The art would illustrate, but in lacking movement caused the reader to contemplate the art as much as the written word. Later artists such as <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Hitch" title="Bryan Hitch">Bryan Hitch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Ross" title="Alex Ross">Alex Ross</a> combined the Kirby and Kane approaches, using highly realistic backgrounds contrasted with dynamic characters to create what became known as a widescreen approach to comics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201263–65_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201263–65-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirby's dynamism and energy served to push the reader through the story where an illustrative, detailed approach would cause the eye to linger.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201265–67_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201265–67-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reduction of the presentation of a given scene down to one that represents the semblance of movement has led Kirby to be described as cinematic in his style.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby had worked at <a href="/wiki/Fleischer_Studios" title="Fleischer Studios">Fleischer Studios</a> before coming to comics and had a grounding in animation techniques for producing motion. He also realized that comic books were not subject to the same constraints as the newspaper strip. While other comic book artists recreated the layouts that format used, Kirby swiftly utilized the space a whole comic book page created.<sup id="cite_ref-RC_180-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Ron Goulart describes, "(h)e broke up the pages in new ways and introduced splash panels that stretched across two pages."<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby himself described the creation of his dynamic style as a reaction both to the cinema and to the urge to create and compete: "I found myself competing with the movie camera. I had to compete with the camera. I felt like <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(folklore)" title="John Henry (folklore)">John Henry</a>... I tore my characters out of the panels. I made them jump all over the page. I tried to make that cohesive so that it would be easier to read... I had to get my characters in extreme positions, and in doing so I created an extreme style which was recognizable by everybody."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001211_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001211-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style">Style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fantastic_Four_issue_51_page_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Fantastic_Four_issue_51_page_14.jpg/220px-Fantastic_Four_issue_51_page_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Fantastic_Four_issue_51_page_14.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption><i>Fantastic Four</i> #51 (June 1966) p. 14; collage and pencilled figure by Jack Kirby, inks by Joe Sinnott, letters by <a href="/wiki/Artie_Simek" title="Artie Simek">Artie Simek</a>, dialogue by Stan Lee, illustrating Kirby's use of collage</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1940s Kirby at times disregarded <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_comics_terminology#Panel" title="Glossary of comics terminology">panel</a> borders. A character was drawn in one panel, but their shoulder and arm would extend outside the border, into the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_comics_terminology#Gutter" title="Glossary of comics terminology">gutter</a> and sometimes on top of a nearby panel. A character may be punched out of one panel, feet being in the original panel and body in the next. Panels themselves would overlap, and Kirby found new ways to arrange panels on a comic book page. His figures were depicted as lithe and graceful, although Kirby would place them thrusting from the page towards the reader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201224–25,_69–73_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201224–25,_69–73-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511_176-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RCH_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCH-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1940s and 1950s Kirby moved away from superhero comics and working with Joe Simon worked in a number of genres. Kirby and Simon created the <a href="/wiki/Romance_comics" title="Romance comics">romance comics</a> genre, and working in this as well as the war, Western and crime genres saw Kirby's style change. He left behind the diverse panel framing and layouts. The nature of the genres enabled him to channel the energy into the posing and blocking of characters, forcing the drama into the constraints of the panel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511_176-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Kirby and <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> came together at <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>, his art developed again. His characters and representations became more abstract, less anatomically correct. He placed figures across three planes of a panel's depth to suggest three dimensions.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His backgrounds were less detailed where he did not want the eye to be drawn.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His figures moved actively along diagonals<sup id="cite_ref-AC_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he utilized <a href="/wiki/Foreshortening" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreshortening">foreshortening</a> to make a character appear to recede more deeply into the panel, so that they appeared to move towards the reader off the page.<sup id="cite_ref-RCH_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCH-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1960s Kirby also developed a talent for creating <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collages</a>, initially utilizing them within the pages of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fantastic_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fantastic Four">The Fantastic Four</a></i>. He introduced the <a href="/wiki/Negative_Zone" title="Negative Zone">Negative Zone</a> as a place within the Marvel Universe that would only be illustrated via collage. However, the reproduction within the published comics of the collages, coupled with the low page rate he was being paid and the time they took to develop saw their use discarded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008171_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008171-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby would later return to the use of collage in his Fourth World work at <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. Here he used them most often in the pages of <i><a href="/wiki/Superman%27s_Pal,_Jimmy_Olsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen">Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201589–99_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201589–99-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirby's style in the late 1960s was regarded so highly by Stan Lee that he instituted it as Marvel's house style. Lee would instruct other artists to draw more like Jack, and would also assign them books to work on using Kirby's breakdowns of the story so that they could more closely hew to Kirby's style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield20129_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield20129-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, Kirby's style has become so well known that imitations, homages and pastiche are referred to as Kirbyesque.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Krackle" title="Kirby Krackle">Kirby Krackle</a>, also referred to as Kirby Dots,<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is Kirby's artistic convention of depicting the effect of energy. Within the drawing, a field of black, pseudo-<a href="/wiki/Fractal" title="Fractal">fractal</a> images is used to represent <a href="/wiki/Negative_space" title="Negative space">negative space</a> around unspecified kinds of <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Foley_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foley-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mendryk_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendryk-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby Krackles are typically used in illustrations of <a href="/wiki/Explosion" title="Explosion">explosions</a>, smoke, the blasts from <a href="/wiki/Raygun" title="Raygun">ray guns</a>, "cosmic" energy, and outer space phenomena.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan-Smith_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan-Smith-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The advanced technology Kirby drew, from the <a href="/wiki/Afrofuturistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrofuturistic">Afrofuturistic</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Wakanda" title="Wakanda">Wakanda</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Mother_Box" title="Mother Box">Mother Boxes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a> to the spaceships and design of <a href="/wiki/Celestial_(comics)" title="Celestial (comics)">the Celestials</a> is gathered together under the collective term "Kirby Tech".<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Leon" title="John Paul Leon">John Paul Leon</a> has described it as "It's tech; it's mechanical even if it's alien, but it's drawn in such an organic way that you don't question it. It's just an extension of his world. I'm not sure who else you could say did that."<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby's depiction of technology is linked by Charles Hatfield to <a href="/wiki/Leo_Marx" title="Leo Marx">Leo Marx</a>'s idea of the technological sublime, specifically utilizing <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a>'s definition of the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)#Edmund_Burke" title="Sublime (philosophy)">Sublime</a>. Using this definition, Kirby's view and depiction of technology is that of it as something to be feared.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield2012144–171_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield2012144–171-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Working_method">Working method</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Working method"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Demon_issue_1_splash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a2/The_Demon_issue_1_splash.jpg/220px-The_Demon_issue_1_splash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a2/The_Demon_issue_1_splash.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Jack Kirby's detailed pencils for the splash page to <i><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">The Demon</a></i> #1 <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> (September 1972)</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike many of his contemporaries, Kirby did not use preliminary sketches, rough work or layouts. He would instead start with the blank board and draw the story onto the page from top to bottom, start to finish. Many artists, including <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a>, Gil Kane and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a> have remarked on the unusual nature of his method. Kirby would rarely erase while working; the art, and therefore the story, would flow from him almost fully formed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201258_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201258-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby's pencils had a reputation for being detailed, to the point that they were difficult to ink.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a> remembers even in the early years that Kirby's pencils were "tight".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001199_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001199-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working for Eisner, Kirby initially inked with a pen, not confident enough in his ability to use the Japanese brushes Lou Fine and Eisner preferred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001213_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001213-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time Kirby worked with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a>, Kirby had taught himself to use a brush, and would on occasion ink over inked work where he felt it was needed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001209_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001209-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the amount of work Kirby produced, it was rare for him to ink his own work. Instead the pencilled pages were sent on to an inker; different inkers left their own stylistic stamp on the published version. As Kirby noted, individual inkers were suited to different genres.<sup id="cite_ref-ink_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ink-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry Mendryk has suggested that for a period in the 1950s, Kirby inked himself due to other work drying up.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1960s, Kirby preferred to pencil, feeling that "inking in itself is a separate kind of art."<sup id="cite_ref-ink_215-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ink-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> recalls Kirby not really being too interested in who inked him: "I cared much more about who inked Kirby than Kirby did... Kirby never seemed to care who inked him... I think Kirby felt his style was so strong that it just didn't matter who inked him".<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chic_Stone" title="Chic Stone">Chic Stone</a>, an inker of Kirby's during the 1960s at Marvel, recalled "(T)he two best [inkers] for Jack were <a href="/wiki/Mike_Royer" title="Mike Royer">Mike Royer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Rude" title="Steve Rude">Steve Rude</a>. Both truly maintained the integrity of Jack's pencils."<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The size of the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_board" title="Bristol board">art board</a> made a difference to Kirby's style. During the late 1960s the industry shrunk the size of the art board artists used. Prior to 1967, art boards were around 14 x 21 inches, being reproduced at 7 x 10 inches. After 1967 the size of the board shrunk to 10 x 15.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201536–37_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201536–37-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This affected the way Kirby drew. Gil Kane noted that "the amount of space around the figures became less and less... The figures became bigger and bigger, and they couldn't be contained by a single panel or even a single page".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201528_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201528-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor Craig Fischer asserts Kirby at first "hated" the new size.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201537_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201537-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fischer argues that it took Kirby around 18 months to negotiate a way of working at the smaller size. Initially he retreated to a less detailed, close up style, as seen in <i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">Fantastic Four</a></i> #68. In adjusting to the new size, Kirby began utilizing depth to bring the pages to life, increasing his use of foreshortening.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201537_221-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201537-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time Kirby had moved to DC, he started to incorporate the use of two-page spreads into his art more. These spreads helped define the mood of the story, and came to define Kirby's late era work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders2015149–157_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders2015149–157-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhibitions_and_original_art">Exhibitions and original art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Exhibitions and original art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kirby's art has been exhibited as part of the Masters of American Comics joint exhibition by <a href="/wiki/The_Hammer_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hammer Museum">The Hammer Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Los_Angeles" title="Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles">Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles</a> from November 2005 to March 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 Charles Hatfield curated the "Comic Book Apocalypse" exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">California State University, Northridge</a> Art Galleries. The exhibition focused on Kirby's work from 1965 onward.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 "A Jack Kirby Odyssey" was organized by Tom Kraft. The exhibition displayed photocopies of unpublished Kirby pencils for stories intended for publication in the <i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(comics)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (comics)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i> comic book adaptation series as well as reproductions of the published work.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994 <a href="/wiki/The_Cartoon_Museum" title="The Cartoon Museum">The Cartoon Art Trust</a> organized an exhibition in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> of Kirby art, "Jack Kirby: The King of Comic Books", in the wake of Kirby's death.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 Dan Nadel and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gravett" title="Paul Gravett">Paul Gravett</a> curated "Jack Kirby: The House That Jack Built", a retrospective of Kirby's career from 1942 to 1985. The exhibition was part of the <a href="/wiki/Fumetto_International_Comics_Festival" title="Fumetto International Comics Festival">Fumetto International Comics Festival</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Lucerne,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucerne, Switzerland">Lucerne, Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kirby's original art regularly sells at auction, with <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Auctions" title="Heritage Auctions">Heritage Auctions</a> listing the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i> #84, inked by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Giacoia" title="Frank Giacoia">Frank Giacoia</a> as realizing a price of $167,300 in a February 2014 auction.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large portion of Kirby's art remains unaccounted for. Work created around <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> would have been reused or pulped due to paper shortages. <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> had a policy of destroying original art in the 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> also destroyed art until 1960, when it stored artwork prior to a policy which had art returned to the artist. In Kirby's case, it is reported that about 2,100 pieces of the estimated 10,000 pages drawn were returned to him. The whereabouts of the missing pages are unknown, although some do turn up for sale, provenance unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201279_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201279-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirby's_estate"><span id="Kirby.27s_estate"></span>Kirby's estate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Kirby's estate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_releases">Subsequent releases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Subsequent releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Kirby_1980s_by_Marc_Hempel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jack_Kirby_1980s_by_Marc_Hempel.jpg/220px-Jack_Kirby_1980s_by_Marc_Hempel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jack_Kirby_1980s_by_Marc_Hempel.jpg/330px-Jack_Kirby_1980s_by_Marc_Hempel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Jack_Kirby_1980s_by_Marc_Hempel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Kirby in the 1980s</figcaption></figure> <p>Lisa Kirby announced in early 2006 that she and co-writer Steve Robertson, with artist Mike Thibodeaux, planned to publish via the Marvel Comics <a href="/wiki/Icon_Comics" title="Icon Comics">Icon</a> <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">imprint</a> a six-issue <a href="/wiki/Limited_series_(comics)" title="Limited series (comics)">limited series</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby%27s_Galactic_Bounty_Hunters" title="Jack Kirby's Galactic Bounty Hunters">Jack Kirby's Galactic Bounty Hunters</a></i>, featuring characters and concepts created by her father for <i>Captain Victory</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-galacticlisa_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galacticlisa-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series, scripted by Lisa Kirby, Robertson, Thibodeaux, and Richard French, with pencil art by Jack Kirby and Thibodeaux, and inking by Scott Hanna and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kesel" title="Karl Kesel">Karl Kesel</a> primarily, ran an initial five issues (Sept. 2006–Jan. 2007) and then a later final issue (Sept. 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marvel posthumously published a "lost" Kirby/Lee <i>Fantastic Four</i> story, <i>Fantastic Four: The Lost Adventure</i> (April 2008), with unused pages Kirby had originally drawn for a story that was partially published in <i>Fantastic Four</i> #108 (March 1971).<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Dynamite_Entertainment" title="Dynamite Entertainment">Dynamite Entertainment</a> published <i>Kirby: Genesis</i>, an eight-issue miniseries by writer <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Busiek" title="Kurt Busiek">Kurt Busiek</a> and artists Jack Herbert and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Ross" title="Alex Ross">Alex Ross</a>, featuring Kirby-owned characters previously published by Pacific Comics and <a href="/wiki/Topps_Comics" title="Topps Comics">Topps Comics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_dispute">Copyright dispute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Copyright dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 16, 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-courtdecision_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtdecision-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby's four children served notices of termination to The Walt Disney Studios, 20th Century Fox, Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures, and Sony Pictures to attempt to gain control of various Silver Age Marvel characters.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marvel sought to invalidate those claims.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-March 2010 Kirby's children "sued Marvel to terminate copyrights and gain profits from [Kirby's] comic creations."<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2011, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Summary_judgment" title="Summary judgment">summary judgment</a> in favor of Marvel,<sup id="cite_ref-courtdecision_236-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtdecision-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was affirmed in August 2013 by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kirby children filed a petition on March 21, 2014, for a review of the case by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but a settlement was reached on September 26, 2014, and the family requested that the petition be dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the settlement has left uncertain the legal right to works governed by the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1909" title="Copyright Act of 1909">Copyright Act of 1909</a> created before the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1976" title="Copyright Act of 1976">Copyright Act of 1976</a> came into force, the Kirby children's attorney, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Toberoff" title="Marc Toberoff">Marc Toberoff</a>, said (in 2014) that the issue of <a href="/wiki/Creators%27_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Creators' rights">creators' rights</a> to reclaim the work done as independent contractors remains, and other potential claims have yet to become ripe.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ros_Kirby_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ros_Kirby_grave.jpg/220px-Ros_Kirby_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ros_Kirby_grave.jpg/330px-Ros_Kirby_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ros_Kirby_grave.jpg/440px-Ros_Kirby_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2490" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Grave stone of Rosalind "Roz" Kirby</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Kirby_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jack_Kirby_grave.jpg/220px-Jack_Kirby_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jack_Kirby_grave.jpg/330px-Jack_Kirby_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Jack_Kirby_grave.jpg/440px-Jack_Kirby_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Grave stone of Jack Kirby</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Glen David Gold wrote in <i>Masters of American Comics</i> that, "Kirby elevates all of us into a realm where we fly among the beating wings of the immortal and the omnipotent, the gods and the monsters, so that we, dreamers all, can play host to the demons of creation, can become our own myths.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin2005267_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2005267-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a>, in his afterword to his <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Adventures_of_Kavalier_%26_Clay" title="The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay">The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay</a></i>, a fictional account of two early comics pioneers, wrote, "I want to acknowledge the deep debt I owe in this and everything else I've ever written to the work of the late Jack Kirby, the King of Comics."<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Director <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> said Kirby inspired the look of his film <i><a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></i>, calling it "not intentional in the sense I sat down and looked at all my favorite comics and studied them for this film, but, yeah, Kirby's work was definitely in my subconscious programming. The guy was a visionary. Absolutely. And he could draw machines like nobody's business. He was sort of like <a href="/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt" title="A. E. van Vogt">A. E. van Vogt</a> and some of these other science-fiction writers who are able to create worlds that — even though we live in a science-fictionary world today — are still so far beyond what we're experiencing."<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Writer <a href="/wiki/Marv_Wolfman" title="Marv Wolfman">Marv Wolfman</a>: "The imagination of Jack Kirby has no boundaries, no limits. ...When man eventually reaches the far end of the universe, he will undoubtedly find the name Jack Kirby signed on the lower right hand corner."<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several Kirby images are among those on the "Marvel Super Heroes" set of <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative stamps</a> issued by the U.S. Postal Service on July 27, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-stamps_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stamps-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten of the stamps are portraits of individual Marvel characters and the other 10 stamps depict individual Marvel comic book covers. According to the credits printed on the back of the pane, Kirby's artwork is featured on: Captain America, The Thing, Silver Surfer, <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #1, <i>The Incredible Hulk</i> #1, <i>Captain America</i> #100, <i>The X-Men</i> #1, and <i>The Fantastic Four</i> #3.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt2007_173-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt2007-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stamps_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stamps-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1990s <i><a href="/wiki/Superman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Superman: The Animated Series">Superman: The Animated Series</a></i> television show, police detective <a href="/wiki/Dan_Turpin" title="Dan Turpin">Dan Turpin</a> was modeled on Kirby.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1998 episode "The Demon Within" of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Batman_Adventures" title="The New Batman Adventures">The New Batman Adventures</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Klarion_the_Witch_Boy" title="Klarion the Witch Boy">Klarion</a> has <a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Etrigan</a> break into the <b>Kirby Cake Company</b>. Both characters were created by Kirby.</li> <li>In 2002, jazz percussionist <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Bendian" title="Gregg Bendian">Gregg Bendian</a> released a seven-track CD titled <i>Requiem for Jack Kirby</i>, inspired by Kirby's art and storytelling. Titles of the instrumental cuts include "Kirby's Fourth World", "New Gods", "The Mother Box", "Teaneck in the Marvel Age" and "Air Above <a href="/wiki/Zenn-La" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenn-La">Zenn-La</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adult_Swim" title="Adult Swim">Adult Swim</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Minoriteam" title="Minoriteam">Minoriteam</a></i> uses artwork as a homage to Jack Kirby (credited under Jack "The King" Kirby, who is credited under special thanks in the show's end credits).</li> <li>Various comic-book and cartoon creators have done homages to Kirby. Examples include the <i><a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_(Mirage_Studios)" title="Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Mirage Studios)">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</a></i> Mirage Comics series ("Kirby and the Warp Crystal" in <i>Donatello</i> #1, and its animated counterpart, "The King", from the <a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_(2003_TV_series)" title="Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)">2003 cartoon series</a>). The episode of <i>Superman: The Animated Series</i> entitled "Apokolips ... Now!, Part 2" was dedicated to his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As of June 2018, Hollywood films based on characters Kirby co-created have collectively earned nearly US$7.4 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirby himself is a character portrayed by Luis Yagüe in the 2009 Spanish short film <i>The King & the Worst,</i> which is inspired by Kirby's service in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Parks" title="Michael Parks">Michael Parks</a> in a brief appearance in the fact-based drama <i><a href="/wiki/Argo_(2012_film)" title="Argo (2012 film)">Argo</a></i> (2012), about the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A play based on Kirby's life, <i>King Kirby</i>, by Crystal Skillman and <i>New York Times</i> bestselling comics writer <a href="/wiki/Fred_Van_Lente" title="Fred Van Lente">Fred Van Lente</a>, was staged at Brooklyn's Brick Theater as part of its annual Comic Book Theater Festival. The play was a <i>New York Times</i> Critics' Pick selection and was funded by a widely publicized Kickstarter campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2016 novel <i><a href="/wiki/I_Hate_the_Internet" title="I Hate the Internet">I Hate the Internet</a></i> frequently mentions Kirby as a "central personage" of the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>To mark Jack Kirby's 100th birthday in 2017, <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> announced a series of <a href="/wiki/One-shot_(comics)" title="One-shot (comics)">one-shots</a> involving characters that Kirby had created, including The Newsboy Legion and the Boy Commandos, Manhunter, Sandman, the New Gods, Darkseid, and ending with <a href="/wiki/Black_Racer_(DC_Comics)" title="Black Racer (DC Comics)">The Black Racer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle_(Shilo_Norman)" title="Mister Miracle (Shilo Norman)">Shilo Norman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2004, in <i>Fantastic Four</i> issue #511 (written by Mark Waid and penciled by Mike Weiringo), Reed, Sue, and Johnny travel to Heaven to recover the soul of the deceased Ben Grimm. After passing a trial, they are allowed to meet God himself, who is depicted as Jack Kirby. God explains that he is seen by them as what he is to them, and that he considers the fact that they see him as Kirby to be an honor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a> delivers his tribute to Jack Kirby in his next-to-last issue of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme (comics)"><i>Supreme</i></a> series, <i>Supreme</i> #62 (The Return #6) "New Jack City" (March 2000), illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Rob_Liefeld" title="Rob Liefeld">Rob Liefeld</a> and, for the Kirbyesque part, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Veitch" title="Rick Veitch">Rick Veitch</a>. In this story Supreme enters a realm of pure ideas where he meets a gigantic floating Jack Kirby head, smoking a cigar. "<i>This gigantic entity explains to him that he used to be a flesh and blood artist but now he is entirely in the realm of ideas, which is much better because flesh and blood has its limitations because he can only do four or five pages a day tops, where now he exists purely in the world of ideas</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Disney_California_Adventure" title="Disney California Adventure">Disney California Adventure</a> attraction <a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_%E2%80%93_Mission:_Breakout!" title="Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!"><i>Guardians of the Galaxy</i> – Mission: Breakout!</a> is surrounded by markings on the ground that serve as a tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Kirby_Krackle" title="Kirby Krackle">Kirby Krackle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1995 video game <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Super_Heroes_(video_game)" title="Marvel Super Heroes (video game)"><i>Marvel Super Heroes</i></a> was dedicated to Kirby.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kirby guest starred in the episode "Bounty Hunter" of <i><a href="/wiki/Starsky_%26_Hutch" title="Starsky & Hutch">Starsky & Hutch</a></i> as a police officer.</li> <li>Kirby made an un-credited cameo appearance in the episode "No Escape" of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1978_TV_series)" title="The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i>. He can be spotted in the hospital scene as a police sketch artist who is recreating, from the witness's description, a picture of the man he claimed to have saved his life. Instead of resembling the live-action Hulk, this illustration is instantly recognizable as the Hulk as he appeared in the original comics.</li> <li>Kirby appeared as himself in the episode "You Can't Win" of <i><a href="/wiki/Bob_(TV_series)" title="Bob (TV series)">Bob</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jack Kirby received a great deal of recognition over the course of his career, including the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Alley_Award" title="Alley Award">Alley Award</a> for Best Pencil Artist.<sup id="cite_ref-alley67_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alley67-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year he was runner-up behind <a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a>. His other Alley Awards were: </p> <ul><li>1963: Favorite Short Story – "The Human Torch Meets Captain America", by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales" title="Strange Tales">Strange Tales</a></i> #114<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964:<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Best Novel – "Captain America Joins the Avengers", by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(comic_book)" title="The Avengers (comic book)">The Avengers</a></i> #4</li> <li>Best New Strip or Book – "Captain America", by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, in <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1965: Best Short Story – "The Origin of the Red Skull", by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, <i>Tales of Suspense</i> #66<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1966: Best Professional Work, Regular Short Feature – "Tales of Asgard" by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, in <i><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1967: Best Professional Work, Regular Short Feature – (tie) "Tales of Asgard" and "Tales of the <a href="/wiki/Inhumans" title="Inhumans">Inhumans</a>", both by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, in <i>Thor</i><sup id="cite_ref-alley67_266-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alley67-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1968:<sup id="cite_ref-Alley1968_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alley1968-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Best Professional Work, Best Regular Short Feature – "Tales of the Inhumans", by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, in <i>Thor</i></li> <li>Best Professional Work, Hall of Fame – <i>Fantastic Four</i>, by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby; <i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury,_Agent_of_S.H.I.E.L.D._(comic_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (comic book)">Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i>, by Jim Steranko<sup id="cite_ref-Alley1968_271-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alley1968-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Kirby won a <a href="/wiki/Shazam_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Shazam Award">Shazam Award</a> for Special Achievement by an Individual in 1971 for his "Fourth World" series in <i>Forever People</i>, <i>New Gods</i>, <i>Mister Miracle</i>, and <i>Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received an <a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> in 1974<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was inducted into the Shazam Awards Hall of Fame in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987 he was an inaugural inductee into the <a href="/wiki/The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame">Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received the 1993 Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award at that year's <a href="/wiki/Eisner_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisner Award">Eisner Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His work was honored posthumously in 1998: The collection of his New Gods material, <i>Jack Kirby's New Gods</i>, edited by Bob Kahan, won both the <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Award">Harvey Award</a> for Best Domestic Reprint Project,<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Eisner Award for Best Archival Collection/Project.<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 14, 2017, Jack Kirby was named a <a href="/wiki/Disney_Legends" title="Disney Legends">Disney Legend</a> for his part in the creation of numerous characters that would comprise Disney's <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Kirby Awards">Jack Kirby Awards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Kirby Hall of Fame">Jack Kirby Hall of Fame</a> were named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-olbrich_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olbrich-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the posthumous recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Finger Award">Bill Finger Award</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Will_Eisner_Jack_Kirby_Mrs_Kirby_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Will_Eisner_Jack_Kirby_Mrs_Kirby_1982.jpg/220px-Will_Eisner_Jack_Kirby_Mrs_Kirby_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Will_Eisner_Jack_Kirby_Mrs_Kirby_1982.jpg/330px-Will_Eisner_Jack_Kirby_Mrs_Kirby_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Will_Eisner_Jack_Kirby_Mrs_Kirby_1982.jpg/440px-Will_Eisner_Jack_Kirby_Mrs_Kirby_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption>Will Eisner (left), Jack Kirby (middle), and Roz Kirby in 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb">Robert Crumb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Panter" title="Gary Panter">Gary Panter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ware" title="Chris Ware">Chris Ware</a>, Kirby was among the artists honored in the exhibition "Masters of American Comics" at the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Museum (New York)">Jewish Museum</a> in New York City from September 16, 2006, to January 28, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asteroid <a href="/wiki/51985_Kirby" class="mw-redirect" title="51985 Kirby">51985 Kirby</a>, discovered September 22, 2001, was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-asteroid_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-asteroid-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Kirby_(crater)" title="Kirby (crater)">crater</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, located near the north pole, was named in his honor in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_bibliography" title="Jack Kirby bibliography">Jack Kirby bibliography</a></div> <p>This is an abridged listing of Kirby's comics work (interior pencil art) for major comics publishers DC Comics and Marvel Comics. For his work at DC it lists any title Kirby worked on for eight or more issues between 1970 and 1976. Of his Marvel Comics work, it lists any title Kirby worked on for eight or more issues between 1959 and 1978. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DC_Comics">DC Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: DC Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Demon</a></i> #1–16 (1972–1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forever_People" title="Forever People">Forever People</a></i> #1–11 (1971–1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamandi" title="Kamandi">Kamandi: The Last Boy on Earth</a></i> #1–40 (1972–1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle" title="Mister Miracle">Mister Miracle</a></i> #1–18 (1971–1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a></i> #1–11 (1971–1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OMAC_(Buddy_Blank)" title="OMAC (Buddy Blank)">O.M.A.C.</a></i> #1–8 (1974–1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Fighting_Forces" title="Our Fighting Forces">Our Fighting Forces</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/The_Losers_(comics)" title="The Losers (comics)">The Losers</a>) #151–162 (1974–1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superman%27s_Pal_Jimmy_Olsen" title="Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen">Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen</a></i> #133–139, 141–148 (1970–1972)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marvel_Comics">Marvel Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Marvel Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Adventures" title="Amazing Adventures">Amazing Adventures</a></i> #1–4 (Inhumans) (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(comic_book)" title="The Avengers (comic book)">Avengers</a></i> #1–8 (full pencils), #14–17 (layouts only, pencils by <a href="/wiki/Don_Heck" title="Don Heck">Don Heck</a>) (1963–1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Panther (comics)">Black Panther</a></i> #1–12 (1977–1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(comic_book)" title="Captain America (comic book)">Captain America</a></i> #100–109, 112 (1968–1969); #193–214, <i>Annual</i> #3–4 (1976–1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil_Dinosaur" title="Devil Dinosaur">Devil Dinosaur</a></i> #1–9 (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(comics)" title="Eternals (comics)">Eternals</a></i> #1–19, <i>Annual</i> #1 (1976–1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">Fantastic Four</a></i> #1–102, 108, <i>Annual</i> #1–6 (1961–1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(comic_book)" title="The Incredible Hulk (comic book)">Incredible Hulk</a></i> #1–5 (1962–1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Mystery" title="Journey into Mystery">Journey into Mystery</a></i> #51–52, 54–82 (1959–1962); (<a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a>): #83–89, 93, 97–125, <i>Annual</i> #1 (1962–1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machine_Man" title="Machine Man">Machine Man</a></i> #1–9 (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer_(comic_book)" title="Silver Surfer (comic book)">Silver Surfer</a></i> #18 (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales" title="Strange Tales">Strange Tales</a></i> #67–70, 72–100 (1959–1962); (<a href="/wiki/Human_Torch" title="Human Torch">Human Torch</a>): #101–105, 108–109, 114, 120, <i>Annual</i> #2 (1962–1964); (<a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a>): #135, 141–142 (full pencils), 136–140, 143–153 (layouts only, pencils by <a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a> and others) (1965–1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i> #2–4, 7–35 (1959–1962); (<a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a>): #41, 43 (1963); (Captain America): #59–68, 78–86, 92–99 (full pencils), #69–75, 77 (layouts only) (1964–1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_to_Astonish" title="Tales to Astonish">Tales to Astonish</a></i> #1, 5–34; (<a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Ant-Man</a>): #35–40, 44, 49–51 (1962–1964); (<a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">The Incredible Hulk</a>): #68–72 (full pencils), #73–84 (layouts only, pencils by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Everett" title="Bill Everett">Bill Everett</a> and others) (1965–1966); (<a href="/wiki/Sub-Mariner" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Mariner">Sub-Mariner</a>): #82 (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></i> #126–177, 179, <i>Annual</i> #2 (1966–1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(comics)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (comics)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i> #1–10 (1976–1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">X-Men</a></i> #1–11 (full pencils) (1963–1965), #12–17 (layouts only, pencils by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Toth" title="Alex Toth">Alex Toth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Werner_Roth_(comics)" title="Werner Roth (comics)">Werner Roth</a>) (1965–1966)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoXeiEXJrgc&t=11m50s">Video</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" title="Grant Morrison">Morrison, Grant</a> (July 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jul/23/grant-morrison-supergods-superheroes">"My Supergods from the Age of the Superhero"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London, United Kingdom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224212935/http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/jul/23/grant-morrison-supergods-superheroes">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=My+Supergods+from+the+Age+of+the+Superhero&rft.date=2011-07-23&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2011%2Fjul%2F23%2Fgrant-morrison-supergods-superheroes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirbymuseum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirbymuseum_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirbymuseum_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvanierSherman2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Evanier, Mark</a>; Sherman, Steve; et al. (March 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirbymuseum.org/biography">"Jack Kirby Biography"</a>. Jack Kirby Museum & Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130917070658/http://kirbymuseum.org/biography/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby+Biography&rft.pub=Jack+Kirby+Museum+%26+Research+Center&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft.aulast=Evanier&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Sherman%2C+Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirbymuseum.org%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamilsue-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hamilsue_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilton, Sue L. <i>Jack Kirby</i>. ABDO Group, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59928-298-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59928-298-5">978-1-59928-298-5</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRob_Stiebel" class="citation web cs1">Rob Stiebel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201220046/https://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/dynamics/2010/08/31/jack-kirby-interview-part-iii/">"Jack Kirby Interview – Part III"</a>. Jack Kirby Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirbymuseum.org/blogs/dynamics/2010/08/31/jack-kirby-interview-part-iii/">the original</a> on December 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby+Interview+%E2%80%93+Part+III&rft.pub=Jack+Kirby+Museum&rft.au=Rob+Stiebel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirbymuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Fdynamics%2F2010%2F08%2F31%2Fjack-kirby-interview-part-iii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5xRfwvGXlw"><span class="plainlinks">Jack Kirby Interview (Part III)</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004195–196-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004195–196_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2004">Jones 2004</a>, pp. 195–196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200834-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200834_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200834_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004196-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004196_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2004">Jones 2004</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I've Never Done Anything Halfheartedly'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Comics_Journal" title="The Comics Journal">The Comics Journal</a></i> (134). Seattle, Washington: <a href="/wiki/Fantagraphics_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantagraphics Books">Fantagraphics Books</a>. February 1990.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=%27I%27ve+Never+Done+Anything+Halfheartedly%27&rft.issue=134&rft.date=1990-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> Reprinted in George 2002, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cartoon_Research-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cartoon_Research_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/in-his-own-words-jack-kirby-at-fleischers/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930114826/http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/in-his-own-words-jack-kirby-at-fleischers/">Archived</a> September 30, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Cartoon Research.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cj-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cj_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interview, <i>The Comics Journal</i> #134, reprinted in George 2002, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interview, <i>The Nostalgia Journal</i> #30, November 1976, reprinted in George 2002, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gcdjack-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcdjack_14-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comics.org/credit/name/Jack%20Kirby/sort/chrono/">Jack Kirby</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413130500/https://www.comics.org/credit/name/Jack%2520Kirby/sort/chrono/">Archived</a> April 13, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the Grand Comics Database.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004197-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004197_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2004">Jones 2004</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/25simon.html">"More Than Your Average Joe – Excerpts from Joe Simon's panels at the 1998 San Diego Comic-Con International"</a>. <i>The Jack Kirby Collector</i> (25). Raleigh, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>. August 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130191556/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/25simon.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=More+Than+Your+Average+Joe+%E2%80%93+Excerpts+from+Joe+Simon%27s+panels+at+the+1998+San+Diego+Comic-Con+International&rft.issue=25&rft.date=1999-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F25simon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comics.org/issue/1178/">"GCD :: Issue :: 64 Pages of New Captain Marvel Adventures #[1]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Comics.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Comics.org">comics.org</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612113220/https://www.comics.org/issue/1178/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comics.org&rft.atitle=GCD+%3A%3A+Issue+%3A%3A+64+Pages+of+New+Captain+Marvel+Adventures+%23%5B1%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comics.org%2Fissue%2F1178%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendryk2011" class="citation web cs1">Mendryk, Harry (November 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/4162">"In the Beginning, Chapter 10, Captain Marvel and Others"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180529232146/http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/4162">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+Beginning%2C+Chapter+10%2C+Captain+Marvel+and+Others&rft.date=2011-11-19&rft.aulast=Mendryk&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirbymuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Fsimonandkirby%2Farchives%2F4162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeFalcoSandersonBrevoortManning2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeFalco" title="Tom DeFalco">DeFalco, Tom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanderson" title="Peter Sanderson">Sanderson, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brevoort" title="Tom Brevoort">Brevoort, Tom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Manning" title="Matthew Manning">Manning, Matthew</a> (2008). "1940s". In Gilbert, Laura (ed.). <i>Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0756641238" title="Special:BookSources/978-0756641238"><bdi>978-0756641238</bdi></a>. <q>Simon and Kirby decided to create another hero who was their response to totalitarian tyranny abroad.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1940s&rft.btitle=Marvel+Chronicle+A+Year+by+Year+History&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0756641238&rft.aulast=DeFalco&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+Peter&rft.au=Brevoort%2C+Tom&rft.au=Manning%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200425-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200425_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200425_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkstein2010" class="citation web cs1">Markstein, Don (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toonopedia.com/capamer.htm">"Captain America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Don_Markstein%27s_Toonopedia" title="Don Markstein's Toonopedia">Don Markstein's Toonopedia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Captain America was the first successful character published by the company that would become Marvel Comics to debut in his own comic. <i>Captain America Comics</i> #1 was dated March, 1941.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Captain+America&rft.pub=Don+Markstein%27s+Toonopedia&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Markstein&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toonopedia.com%2Fcapamer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004200-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004200_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2004">Jones 2004</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200421-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200421_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200425-26-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200425-26_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 25-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200427-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200427_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey201249-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey201249_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_LenteDunlavey2012">Van Lente & Dunlavey 2012</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200428-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200428_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200430-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200430_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallaceCowsill2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Wallace_(author)" title="Daniel Wallace (author)">Wallace, Daniel</a>; Cowsill, Allan (2010). "1940s". In Hannah, Dolan (ed.). <i>DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6742-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6742-9"><bdi>978-0-7566-6742-9</bdi></a>. <q>Hot properties Joe Simon and Jack Kirby joined DC ... [and] after taking over the Sandman and Sandy, the Golden Boy feature in <i>Adventure Comics</i> #72, the writer and artist team turned their attentions to Manhunter with issue #73.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1940s&rft.btitle=DC+Comics+Year+By+Year+A+Visual+Chronicle&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-6742-9&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Cowsill%2C+Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 41 "The inaugural issue of <i>Boy Commandos</i> represented Joe Simon and Jack Kirby's first original title since they started at DC (though the characters had debuted earlier that year in <i>Detective Comics</i> #64.)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200432-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200432_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200432_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 41 "Joe Simon and Jack Kirby took their talents to a second title with <i>Star-Spangled Comics</i>, tackling both the Guardian and the Newsboy Legion in issue #7."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitz2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Levitz" title="Paul Levitz">Levitz, Paul</a> (2010). "The Golden Age 1938–1956". <i>75 Years of DC Comics The Art of Modern Mythmaking</i>. Cologne, Germany: <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen</a>. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-83651-981-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-83651-981-6"><bdi>978-3-83651-981-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Golden+Age+1938%E2%80%931956&rft.btitle=75+Years+of+DC+Comics+The+Art+of+Modern+Mythmaking&rft.place=Cologne%2C+Germany&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-83651-981-6&rft.aulast=Levitz&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200433-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200433_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200433_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200867-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200867_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200435-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200435_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, pp. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200445-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200445_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-joesimon123-125-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-joesimon123-125_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joesimon123-125_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon, Joe, with Jim Simon. <i>The Comic Book Makers</i> (Crestwood/II, 1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5">978-1-887591-35-5</a>; reissued (Vanguard Productions, 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5">978-1-887591-35-5</a>, pp. 123–125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200872-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200872_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200446-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200446_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Real_Love-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Love_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Love_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowell1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howell_(comics)" title="Richard Howell (comics)">Howell, Richard</a> (1988). "Introduction". <i>Real Love: The Best of the Simon and Kirby Love Comics, 1940s–1950s</i>. Forestville, California: Eclipse Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-91303-563-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-91303-563-4"><bdi>978-0-91303-563-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Real+Love%3A+The+Best+of+the+Simon+and+Kirby+Love+Comics%2C+1940s%E2%80%931950s&rft.place=Forestville%2C+California&rft.pub=Eclipse+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-91303-563-4&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon, p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200452-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200452_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200454-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200454_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200454_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeerbohm1999" class="citation journal cs1">Beerbohm, Robert Lee (August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526101151/http://www.twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/25mainline.html">"The Mainline Story"</a>. <i>The Jack Kirby Collector</i> (25). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/25mainline.html">the original</a> on May 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=The+Mainline+Story&rft.issue=25&rft.date=1999-08&rft.aulast=Beerbohm&rft.aufirst=Robert+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F25mainline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheakston1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Theakston" title="Greg Theakston">Theakston, Greg</a> (1997). <i>The Complete Jack Kirby</i>. Pure Imagination Publishing, Inc. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56685-006-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56685-006-1"><bdi>1-56685-006-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Jack+Kirby&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Pure+Imagination+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-56685-006-1&rft.aulast=Theakston&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autobio1990p151-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autobio1990p151_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonwith_Simon1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Simon, Joe</a>; with Simon, Jim (1990). <i>The Comic Book Makers</i>. Crestwood/II Publications. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5"><bdi>978-1-887591-35-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Comic+Book+Makers&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Crestwood%2FII+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-887591-35-5&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=with+Simon%2C+Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> Reissued (Vanguard Productions, 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887591-35-5">978-1-887591-35-5</a>. Page numbers refer to 1990 edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comics.org/publisher/2515/">Mainline</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101112074533/http://www.comics.org/publisher/2515/">Archived</a> November 12, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the Grand Comics Database.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200455-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200455_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200456-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200456_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I Created an Army of Characters, and Now My Connection with Them Is Lost". Evanston, Illinois: interview, The Great Electric Bird radio show, <a href="/wiki/WNUR-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="WNUR-FM">WNUR-FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>. May 14, 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27I+Created+an+Army+of+Characters%2C+and+Now+My+Connection+with+Them+Is+Lost&rft.date=1971-05-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> Transcribed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Comics_Journal" title="The Comics Journal">The Nostalgia Journal</a></i> (27) August 1976. Reprinted in George 2002, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200460-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200460_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirby's 1956–57 Atlas work appeared in nine issues, plus three more published later after being held in inventory, per <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/1086">"Another Pre-Implosion Atlas Kirby"</a>. Jack Kirby Museum. November 3, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709112725/http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/1086">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Another+Pre-Implosion+Atlas+Kirby&rft.pub=Jack+Kirby+Museum&rft.date=2007-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirbymuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Fsimonandkirby%2Farchives%2F1086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> In roughly chronological order: <i>Battleground</i> #14 (Nov. 1956; 5 pp.), <i>Astonishing</i> #56 (Dec. 1956; 4 pp.), <i>Strange Tales of the Unusual</i> #7 (Dec. 1956; 4 pp.), <i>Quick-Trigger Western</i> #16 (Feb. 1957; 5 pp.), <i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Claw_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Claw (comics)">Yellow Claw</a></i> #2–4 (Dec. 1956 – April 1957; 19 pp. each), <i>Black Rider Rides Again</i> #1, a.k.a. <i>Black Rider</i> vol. 2, #1 (Sept. 1957; 19 pp.), and <i>Two Gun Western</i> #12 (Sept. 1957; 5 pp.), plus the inventoried <i><a href="/wiki/Gunsmoke_Western" title="Gunsmoke Western">Gunsmoke Western</a></i> #47 (July 1958; 4 pp.) and #51 (March 1959; 5 pp. plus cover) and <i><a href="/wiki/Kid_Colt_Outlaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Kid Colt Outlaw">Kid Colt Outlaw</a></i> #86 (Sept. 1959; 5 pp.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_C._Irvine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander C. Irvine">Irvine, Alex</a> "1950s" in Dolan, p. 84: "Kirby's first solo project was a test run of a non-super hero adventure team called Challengers of the Unknown. Appearing for the first time in <i>Showcase</i> #6, the team would make a few more <i>Showcase</i> appearances before springing into their own title in May 1958."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvanier2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Evanier, Mark</a> (2001). "Introduction". <i>The Green Arrow</i>. New York, New York: DC Comics. <q>All were inked by Jack with the aid of his dear spouse, Rosalind. She would trace his pencil work with a static pen line; he would then take a brush, put in all the shadows and bold areas and, where necessary, heavy-up the lines she'd laid down. (Jack hated inking and only did it because he needed the money. After departing DC this time, he almost never inked his own work again.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Green+Arrow&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=DC+Comics&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Evanier&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200461-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200461_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evanier 2008, pp. 103–106 "The artwork was exquisite, in no small part because Dave Wood had the idea to hire Wally Wood (no relation) to handle the inking."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008109-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008109_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200491-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200491_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2004282-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2004282_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2004">Jones 2004</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiansen2011" class="citation web cs1">Christiansen, Jeff (March 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/groottta.htm">"Groot"</a>. Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113231254/http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/groottta.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Groot&rft.pub=Appendix+to+the+Handbook+of+the+Marvel+Universe&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marvunapp.com%2FAppendix%2Fgroottta.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiansen2007" class="citation web cs1">Christiansen, Jeff (January 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/grottu.htm">"Grottu"</a>. Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113221123/http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/grottu.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grottu&rft.pub=Appendix+to+the+Handbook+of+the+Marvel+Universe&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marvunapp.com%2FAppendix%2Fgrottu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkstein2009" class="citation web cs1">Markstein, Don (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toonopedia.com/fly.htm">"The Fly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Don_Markstein%27s_Toonopedia" title="Don Markstein's Toonopedia">Don Markstein's Toonopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240527024407/https://www.webcitation.org/6RoNatZp3?url=http://www.toonopedia.com/fly.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fly&rft.pub=Don+Markstein%27s+Toonopedia&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Markstein&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toonopedia.com%2Ffly.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkstein2007" class="citation web cs1">Markstein, Don (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toonopedia.com/shield2.htm">"The Shield"</a>. Don Markstein's Toonopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130412002105/http://www.toonopedia.com/shield2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shield&rft.pub=Don+Markstein%27s+Toonopedia&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Markstein&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toonopedia.com%2Fshield2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeFalco" title="Tom DeFalco">DeFalco, Tom</a> "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 84: "It did not take long for editor Stan Lee to realize that <i>The Fantastic Four</i> was a hit ... the flurry of fan letters all pointed to the FF's explosive popularity."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zak-site.com/Great-American-Novel/challengers.html">"Challengers of the Unknown = Fantastic Four"</a>. <i>The Great American Novel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511142107/https://zak-site.com/Great-American-Novel/challengers.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Great+American+Novel&rft.atitle=Challengers+of+the+Unknown+%3D+Fantastic+Four&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzak-site.com%2FGreat-American-Novel%2Fchallengers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-century-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-century_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrensky2007" class="citation book cs1">Krensky, Stephen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n23M0Bn0JmwC&q=%22fantastic+four%22&pg=PA58"><i>Comic Book Century: The History of American Comic Books</i></a>. Minneapolis, Minnesota: <a href="/wiki/Lerner_Publishing_Group" title="Lerner Publishing Group">Twenty-First Century Books</a>. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-6654-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-6654-0"><bdi>978-0-8225-6654-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065610/https://books.google.com/books?id=n23M0Bn0JmwC&q=%22fantastic+four%22&pg=PA58">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Readers ... liked seeing Reed and Sue bicker, Johnny annoying everyone, and Ben being grumpy. ... Kirby's vivid illustrations created a whole new style for Marvel, where the imaginative art matched the colorful, loose style of the time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comic+Book+Century%3A+The+History+of+American+Comic+Books&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+Minnesota&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-6654-0&rft.aulast=Krensky&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn23M0Bn0JmwC%26q%3D%2522fantastic%2Bfour%2522%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iowahistoricalreview-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iowahistoricalreview_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercier2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mercier, Sebastian T. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/iowa-historical-review/article/id/1636/download/pdf/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Truth, Justice and the American Way: The Intersection of American Youth Culture and Superhero Narratives"</a>. <i>Iowa Historical Review</i>. <b>1</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>: 37–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17077%2F2373-1842.1010">10.17077/2373-1842.1010</a></span>. <q>The liberalization of American culture allowed superhero comic books to challenge the assumptions behind 1950s censorship. ... Marvel was able to position themselves as a publishing maverick. Several of their new superheroes, including the Fantastic Four and the Amazing Spider-Man were able to reflect real-world sensibilities and problems. Other heroes such as the Invincible Iron Man and the Silver Surfer examined the political landscape of the 1960s. The close bonds shared with youth culture meant that superheroes had reasserted themselves into the American national consciousness.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=%27Truth%2C+Justice+and+the+American+Way%3A+The+Intersection+of+American+Youth+Culture+and+Superhero+Narratives&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=37-38&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17077%2F2373-1842.1010&rft.aulast=Mercier&rft.aufirst=Sebastian+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.lib.uiowa.edu%2Fiowa-historical-review%2Farticle%2Fid%2F1636%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gil Kane, speaking at a forum on July 6, 1985, at the Dallas Fantasy Fair. As quoted in George 2002, p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2010" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (September 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-261/">"A Year of Cool Comics – Day 261"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123190418/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/09/18/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-261/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=A+Year+of+Cool+Comics+%E2%80%93+Day+261&rft.date=2010-09-18&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fa-year-of-cool-comics-day-261%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeFalco111-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeFalco111_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 111: "The Inhumans, a lost race that diverged from humankind 25,000 years ago and became genetically enhanced."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2010" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (September 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-262/">"A Year of Cool Comics – Day 262"</a>. <i>Comic Book Resources</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708181411/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/09/19/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-262/">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=A+Year+of+Cool+Comics+%E2%80%93+Day+262&rft.date=2010-09-19&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fa-year-of-cool-comics-day-262%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2018" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Ryan (February 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-panther-jack-kirby-wouldve-adored-film-says-family-1084730">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Black Panther' Co-Creator Jack Kirby Would've Adored Film Phenomenon, Family Says"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135941/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-panther-jack-kirby-wouldve-adored-film-says-family-1084730">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27Black+Panther%27+Co-Creator+Jack+Kirby+Would%27ve+Adored+Film+Phenomenon%2C+Family+Says&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fheat-vision%2Fblack-panther-jack-kirby-wouldve-adored-film-says-family-1084730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 117: Stan Lee wanted to do his part by creating the first black super hero. Lee discussed his ideas with Jack Kirby and the result was seen in <i>Fantastic Four</i> #52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Theakston-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Theakston_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheakston2002" class="citation book cs1">Theakston, Greg (2002). <i>The Steve Ditko Reader</i>. Brooklyn, New York: Pure Imagination. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56685-011-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56685-011-8"><bdi>1-56685-011-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Steve+Ditko+Reader&rft.place=Brooklyn%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Pure+Imagination&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56685-011-8&rft.aulast=Theakston&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowsillManning2012" class="citation book cs1">Cowsill, Alan; Manning, Matthew K. (2012). "1960s". <i>Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0756692360" title="Special:BookSources/978-0756692360"><bdi>978-0756692360</bdi></a>. <q>Kirby had the honor of being the first ever penciler to take a swing at drawing Spider-Man. Though his illustrations for the pages of <i>Amazing Fantasy</i> #15 were eventually redrawn by Steve Ditko after Stan Lee decided that Kirby's Spidey wasn't quite youthful enough, the King nevertheless contributed the issue's historic cover.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1960s&rft.btitle=Spider-Man+Chronicle+Celebrating+50+Years+of+Web-Slinging&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0756692360&rft.aulast=Cowsill&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Manning%2C+Matthew+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 94: "Filled with some wonderful visual action, <i>The Avengers</i> #1 has a very simple story: the Norse god Loki tricked the Hulk into going on a rampage ... The heroes eventually learned about Loki's involvement and united with the Hulk to form the Avengers."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirtue2017" class="citation news cs1">Virtue, Graeme (August 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/28/captain-america-x-men-iron-man-the-avengers-jack-kirby-king-of-comics">"Captain America, X-Men, Iron Man, the Avengers ... Jack Kirby, king of comics"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145211/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/28/captain-america-x-men-iron-man-the-avengers-jack-kirby-king-of-comics">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Captain+America%2C+X-Men%2C+Iron+Man%2C+the+Avengers+...+Jack+Kirby%2C+king+of+comics&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft.aulast=Virtue&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2017%2Faug%2F28%2Fcaptain-america-x-men-iron-man-the-avengers-jack-kirby-king-of-comics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 86: "Stan Lee and Jack Kirby reintroduced one of Marvel's most popular Golden Age heroes – Namor, the Sub-Mariner."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 99: "'Captain America lives again!' announced the cover of <i>The Avengers</i> #4 ... Cap was back."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatchelor2017" class="citation book cs1">Batchelor, Bob (2017). <i>Stan Lee : The Man Behind Marvel</i>. Lanham, Maryland. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7781-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7781-6"><bdi>978-1-4422-7781-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stan+Lee+%3A+The+Man+Behind+Marvel&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=73&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-7781-6&rft.aulast=Batchelor&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfield2004" class="citation book cs1">Hatfield, Charles (2004). "The Galactus Trilogy: An Appreciation". <i>The Collected Jack Kirby Collector </i>Volume 1<i><span></span></i>. TwoMorrows. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1893905009" title="Special:BookSources/978-1893905009"><bdi>978-1893905009</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Galactus+Trilogy%3A+An+Appreciation&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector+Volume+1&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=TwoMorrows&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1893905009&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasSanderson,_Peter2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Thomas, Roy</a>; Sanderson, Peter (2007). <i>The Marvel Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the World of Marvel</i>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a>. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762428441" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762428441"><bdi>978-0762428441</bdi></a>. <q>Then came the issues of all issues, the instant legend, the trilogy of <i>Fantastic Four</i> (#48-50) that excited readers immediately christened 'the Galactus Trilogy', a designation still widely recognized four decades later.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marvel+Vault%3A+A+Museum-in-a-Book+with+Rare+Collectibles+from+the+World+of+Marvel&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0762428441&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2010" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (February 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-50/">"A Year of Cool Comics – Day 50"</a>. <i>Comic Book Resources</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100504111741/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/02/19/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-50/">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=A+Year+of+Cool+Comics+%E2%80%93+Day+50&rft.date=2010-02-19&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fa-year-of-cool-comics-day-50%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 115: "Stan Lee may have started the creative discussion that culminated in Galactus, but the inclusion of the Silver Surfer in <i>Fantastic Four</i> #48 was pure Jack Kirby. Kirby realized that a being like Galactus required an equally impressive herald."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberger2001" class="citation book cs1">Greenberger, Robert, ed. (December 2001). <a href="/w/index.php?title=100_Greatest_Marvels_of_All_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="100 Greatest Marvels of All Time (page does not exist)"><i>100 Greatest Marvels of All Time</i></a>. Marvel Comics. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Greatest+Marvels+of+All+Time&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Marvel+Comics&rft.date=2001-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Les_Daniels" title="Les Daniels">Daniels, Les</a> (1991). <i>Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics</i>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Harry N. Abrams</a>. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81093-821-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81093-821-2"><bdi>978-0-81093-821-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marvel%3A+Five+Fabulous+Decades+of+the+World%27s+Greatest+Comics&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-81093-821-2&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley2001" class="citation journal cs1">Foley, Shane (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/33krackle.html">"Kracklin' Kirby: Tracing the advent of Kirby Krackle"</a>. <i>The Jack Kirby Collector</i> (33). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130183009/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/33krackle.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Kracklin%27+Kirby%3A+Tracing+the+advent+of+Kirby+Krackle&rft.issue=33&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F33krackle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon, p. 205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008126–163-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008126–163_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, pp. 126–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 146: "As Marvel was expanding its line of comics, the company decided to introduce two new 'split' books ... <i>Amazing Adventures</i> and <i>Astonishing Tales</i>. <i>Amazing Adventures</i> contained a series about the genetically enhanced Inhumans and a series about intelligence agent the Black Widow."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008163-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008163_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraun1971" class="citation news cs1">Braun, Saul (May 2, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/02/archives/shazam-here-comes-captain-relevant-here-comes-captain-relevant.html?scp=27">"Shazam! Here Comes Captain Relevant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612114833/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/02/archives/shazam-here-comes-captain-relevant-here-comes-captain-relevant.html?scp=27">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Shazam%21+Here+Comes+Captain+Relevant&rft.date=1971-05-02&rft.aulast=Braun&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F05%2F02%2Farchives%2Fshazam-here-comes-captain-relevant-here-comes-captain-relevant.html%3Fscp%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/">"Inflation Calculator Determines Change in Dollar and Rates over Time"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723111922/https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inflation+Calculator+Determines+Change+in+Dollar+and+Rates+over+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinflationcalculator.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012115-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012115_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012115_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_LenteDunlavey2012">Van Lente & Dunlavey 2012</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo2004139-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo2004139_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo2004143-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo2004143_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie, Michael "1970s" in Dolan, p. 145 "As the writer, artist, and editor of the Fourth World family of interlocking titles, each of which possessed its own distinct tone and theme, Jack Kirby cemented his legacy as a pioneer of grand-scale storytelling."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evanier, Mark. "Afterword." <i>Jack Kirby's Fourth World Omnibus;</i> Volume 1, New York: DC Comics, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 141 "Since no ongoing creative team had been slated to <i>Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen</i>, "King of Comics" Jack Kirby made the title his DC launch point, and the writer/artist's indelible energy and ideas permeated every panel and word balloon of the comic."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaphaelSpurgeon2004" class="citation book cs1">Raphael, Jordan; Spurgeon, Tom (2004). <i>Stan Lee and the Rise and Fall of the American Comic Book</i>. Chicago Review Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61374-292-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61374-292-1"><bdi>978-1-61374-292-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stan+Lee+and+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+American+Comic+Book&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-61374-292-1&rft.aulast=Raphael&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008172–177-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008172–177_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, pp. 172–177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvanier2003" class="citation web cs1">Evanier, Mark (August 22, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsfromme.com/2003/08/22/jack-kirbys-superman/">"Jack Kirby's Superman"</a>. POV Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308170721/http://www.povonline.com/notes/Notes082203.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Plastino drew new Superman figures and Olsen heads in roughly the same poses and positions, and these were pasted into the artwork.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby%27s+Superman&rft.pub=POV+Online&rft.date=2003-08-22&rft.aulast=Evanier&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsfromme.com%2F2003%2F08%2F22%2Fjack-kirbys-superman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAK2-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DAK2_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAK2_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAK2_104-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraft,_David_AnthonySlifer,_Roger1983" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Anthony_Kraft" title="David Anthony Kraft">Kraft, David Anthony</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Slifer" title="Roger Slifer">Slifer, Roger</a> (April 1983). "Mark Evanier". <i><a href="/wiki/Comics_Interview" class="mw-redirect" title="Comics Interview">Comics Interview</a></i>. No. 2. <a href="/wiki/Fictioneer_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictioneer Books">Fictioneer Books</a>. pp. 23–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comics+Interview&rft.atitle=Mark+Evanier&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=23-34&rft.date=1983-04&rft.au=Kraft%2C+David+Anthony&rft.au=Slifer%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Les_Daniels" title="Les Daniels">Daniels, Les</a> (1995). "The Fourth World: New Gods on Newsprint". <i>DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes</i>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Bulfinch Press</a>. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0821220764" title="Special:BookSources/0821220764"><bdi>0821220764</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fourth+World%3A+New+Gods+on+Newsprint&rft.btitle=DC+Comics%3A+Sixty+Years+of+the+World%27s+Favorite+Comic+Book+Heroes&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Bulfinch+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0821220764&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2007" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, Grant (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jackkirbysfourth0001kirb/page/7">"Introduction"</a>. <i>Jack Kirby's Fourth World Omnibus Volume One</i>. New York, New York: DC Comics. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jackkirbysfourth0001kirb/page/7">7–8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1401213442" title="Special:BookSources/978-1401213442"><bdi>978-1401213442</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby%27s+Fourth+World+Omnibus+Volume+One&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=DC+Comics&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1401213442&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjackkirbysfourth0001kirb%2Fpage%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 147: "Believing that new formats were necessary for the comics medium to continue evolving, Kirby oversaw the production of what was labeled his 'Speak-Out Series' of magazines: <i>Spirit World</i> and <i>In the Days of the Mob</i> ... Sadly, these unique magazines never found their desired audience."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 161 "In <i>OMAC's</i> first issue, editor/writer/artist Jack Kirby warned readers of "The World That's Coming!", a future world containing wild concepts that are almost frighteningly real today."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 153 "Kirby had already introduced a similar concept and characters in <i>Alarming Tales</i> #1 (1957) ... Coupling the premise with his unpublished "Kamandi of the Caves" newspaper strip, Kirby's Last Boy on Earth roamed a world that had been ravaged by the "Great Disaster" and taken over by talking animals."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 152 "While his "Fourth World" opus was winding down, Jack Kirby was busy conjuring his next creation, which emerged not from the furthest reaches of the galaxy but from the deepest pits of Hell. Etrigan was hardly the usual Kirby protagonist."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kelly, Rob (August 2009). "Kobra". <i><a href="/wiki/Back_Issue!" title="Back Issue!">Back Issue!</a></i> (35). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 63. <q>Maybe that's because Kobra was the creation of the legendary Jack 'King' Kirby, who wrote and penciled the first issue's story, 'Fangs of the Kobra!'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=Kobra&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=63&rft.date=2009-08&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 161 "Jack Kirby also took on a group of established DC characters that had nothing to lose. The result was a year-long run of <i>Our Fighting Forces</i> tales that were action-packed, personal, and among the most beloved of World War II comics ever produced."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 158 "The legendary tandem of writer Joe Simon and artist/editor Jack Kirby reunited for a one-shot starring the Sandman ... Despite the issue's popularity, it would be Simon and Kirby's last collaboration."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 162: "Debuting with Atlas the Great, writer and artist Jack Kirby didn't shrug at the chance to put his spin on the well-known hero."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 164: "Though <i>1st Issue Special</i> was primarily DC's forum to introduce new characters and storylines, editor Jack Kirby used the series as an opportunity to revamp the Manhunter, whom he and writer Joe Simon had made famous in the 1940s."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramowitz2014" class="citation journal cs1">Abramowitz, Jack (April 2014). "<i>1st Issue Special</i> It Was No <i>Showcase</i> (But It Was Never Meant To Be)". <i>Back Issue!</i> (71). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 40–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=1st+Issue+Special+It+Was+No+Showcase+%28But+It+Was+Never+Meant+To+Be%29&rft.issue=71&rft.pages=40-47&rft.date=2014-04&rft.aulast=Abramowitz&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ro 2004, chapters 12–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bullpen_Bulletins" title="Bullpen Bulletins">Bullpen Bulletins</a>: "The King is Back! 'Nuff Said!", in Marvel Comics cover-dated October 1975, including <i>Fantastic Four</i> #163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 175: "After an absence of half a decade, Jack Kirby returned to Marvel Comics as writer, penciller, and editor of the series he and Joe Simon created back in 1941."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowers2012" class="citation journal cs1">Powers, Tom (December 2012). "Kirby Celebrating America's 200th Birthday: <i>Captain America's Bicentennial Battles</i>". <i>Back Issue!</i> (61). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 46–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=Kirby+Celebrating+America%27s+200th+Birthday%3A+Captain+America%27s+Bicentennial+Battles&rft.issue=61&rft.pages=46-49&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 175: "Jack Kirby's most important creation for Marvel during his return in the 1970s was his epic series <i>The Eternals</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 180: "Marvel published its adaptation of director Stanley Kubrick and writer Arthur C. Clarke's classic science fiction film <i>2001: A Space Odyssey</i> as an oversize <i>Marvel Treasury Special</i>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfield1996" class="citation journal cs1">Hatfield, Charles (July 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/11prisoner.html">"Once Upon A Time: Kirby's Prisoner"</a>. <i>The Jack Kirby Collector</i> (11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101114034446/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/11prisoner.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+A+Time%3A+Kirby%27s+Prisoner&rft.issue=11&rft.date=1996-07&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F11prisoner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 185: "In [<i>2001: A Space Odyssey</i>] issue #8, cover dated July 1977, [Jack] Kirby introduced a robot whom he originally dubbed 'Mister Machine.' Marvel's <i>2001</i> series eventually came to an end but Kirby's robot protagonist went on to star in his own comic book series as Machine Man."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 185: "Jack Kirby's final major creation for Marvel Comics was perhaps his most unusual hero: an intelligent dinosaur resembling a <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 187: "[In 1978], Simon & Schuster's Fireside Books published a paperback book titled <i>The Silver Surfer</i> by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby ... This book was later recognized as Marvel's first true graphic novel."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ploog & Kirby Quit Marvel over Contract Dispute", <i>The Comics Journal</i> #44, January 1979, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evanier, <i>King of Comics</i>, p. 189: "In 1978, an idea found him. It was an offer from the Hanna-Barbera cartoon studio in Hollywood."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvanier" class="citation book cs1">Evanier. <i>Kirby</i>. pp. 189–191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirby&rft.pages=189-191&rft.au=Evanier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2014" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Stuart (August 2014). "The Fantastic Four and Other Things: A Television History". <i>Back Issue!</i> (74). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 30. <q>Stan Lee was a consultant to this series, and Jack Kirby played a very important part in this show as an animator and helped design the show.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=The+Fantastic+Four+and+Other+Things%3A+A+Television+History&rft.issue=74&rft.pages=30&rft.date=2014-08&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lambiek.net/artists/k/kirby.htm">"Jack Kirby"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lambiek" title="Lambiek">Lambiek Comiclopedia</a>. March 6, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327061419/http://www.lambiek.net/artists/k/kirby.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby&rft.pub=Lambiek+Comiclopedia&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lambiek.net%2Fartists%2Fk%2Fkirby.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBearman2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joshuah_Bearman" title="Joshuah Bearman">Bearman, Joshuah</a> (April 24, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.05/feat_cia.html">"How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans from Tehran"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <b>15</b> (5). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823200833/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.05/feat_cia.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=How+the+CIA+Used+a+Fake+Sci-Fi+Flick+to+Rescue+Americans+from+Tehran&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2007-04-24&rft.aulast=Bearman&rft.aufirst=Joshuah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fwired%2Farchive%2F15.05%2Ffeat_cia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatron1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Catron" title="Michael Catron">Catron, Michael</a> (July 1981). "Kirby's Newest: <i>Captain Victory</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Heroes" title="Amazing Heroes">Amazing Heroes</a></i> (2). Fantagraphics Books: 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amazing+Heroes&rft.atitle=Kirby%27s+Newest%3A+Captain+Victory&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1981-07&rft.aulast=Catron&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2004" class="citation book cs1">Morrow, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KI-et-e206EC&pg=PA105">"The Captain Victory Connection"</a>. <i>The Collected Jack Kirby Collector </i>Volume 1<i><span></span></i>. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1893905009" title="Special:BookSources/978-1893905009"><bdi>978-1893905009</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207094146/https://books.google.com/books?id=KI-et-e206EC&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Captain+Victory+Connection&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector+Volume+1&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1893905009&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKI-et-e206EC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Larsen" title="Erik Larsen">Larsen, Erik</a> (February 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/issue-73/">"One Fan's Opinion: Issue #73"</a>. <i>Comic Book Resources</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113110640/http://comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=15495">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=One+Fan%27s+Opinion%3A+Issue+%2373&rft.date=2007-02-18&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fissue-73%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKean2007" class="citation news cs1">Kean, Benjamin Ong Pang (July 29, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329225033/http://classic.newsarama.com/Comic-Con_07/Image/KIrbyverse.html">"SDCC '07: Erik Larsen, Eric Stephenson on Image's Kirby Plans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsarama" title="Newsarama">Newsarama</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.newsarama.com/Comic-Con_07/Image/KIrbyverse.html">the original</a> on March 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsarama&rft.atitle=SDCC+%2707%3A+Erik+Larsen%2C+Eric+Stephenson+on+Image%27s+Kirby+Plans&rft.date=2007-07-29&rft.aulast=Kean&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Ong+Pang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.newsarama.com%2FComic-Con_07%2FImage%2FKIrbyverse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKean2007" class="citation news cs1">Kean, Benjamin Ong Pang (May 2, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329012943/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=111059">"The Current Image: Erik Larsen on Jack Kirby's Silver Star"</a>. <i>Newsarama</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=111059">the original</a> on March 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsarama&rft.atitle=The+Current+Image%3A+Erik+Larsen+on+Jack+Kirby%27s+Silver+Star&rft.date=2007-05-02&rft.aulast=Kean&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Ong+Pang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.newsarama.com%2Fshowthread.php%3Ft%3D111059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkstein2006" class="citation web cs1">Markstein, Don (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toonopedia.com/destroyd.htm">"Destroyer Duck"</a>. Don Markstein's Toonopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913135335/http://www.toonopedia.com/destroyd.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2012. <q>[T]he centerpiece of the issue was Gerber's own Destroyer Duck ... himself. The artist who worked with Gerber was the legendary Jack Kirby, who, as co-creator of The Fantastic Four, The Avengers, X-Men and many other cornerstones of Marvel's success, had issues of his own with the company.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Destroyer+Duck&rft.pub=Don+Markstein%27s+Toonopedia&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Markstein&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toonopedia.com%2Fdestroyd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George 2002, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2004" class="citation book cs1">Morrow, John, ed. (February 19, 2004). <i>Collected Jack Kirby Collector</i>. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1893905004" title="Special:BookSources/1893905004"><bdi>1893905004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2004-02-19&rft.isbn=1893905004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 208: "In association with the toy company Kenner, DC released a line of toys called Super Powers ... DC soon debuted a five-issue <i>Super Powers</i> miniseries plotted by comic book legend Jack 'King' Kirby, scripted by Joey Cavalieri, and with pencils by Adrian Gonzales."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2014" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (January 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/comic-book-legends-revealed-454/amp/">"Comic Book Legends Revealed #454"</a>. <i>Comic Book Resources</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409104134/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2014/01/17/comic-book-legends-revealed-454/2/">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=Comic+Book+Legends+Revealed+%23454&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fcomic-book-legends-revealed-454%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/power-xtreme-everything-you-didnt-know-about-centurions">"Power Xtreme! Everything you didn't know about Centurions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Syfy_Wire" class="mw-redirect" title="Syfy Wire">Syfy Wire</a></i>. December 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syfy+Wire&rft.atitle=Power+Xtreme%21+Everything+you+didn%27t+know+about+Centurions&rft.date=2019-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfy-wire%2Fpower-xtreme-everything-you-didnt-know-about-centurions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_LenteDunlavey2012">Van Lente & Dunlavey 2012</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157–160-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_LenteDunlavey2012157–160_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_LenteDunlavey2012">Van Lente & Dunlavey 2012</a>, pp. 157–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tcjkirbygoliath-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tcjkirbygoliath_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2002" class="citation journal cs1">Dean, Michael (December 29, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcj.com/kirby-and-goliath-the-fight-for-jack-kirbys-marvel-artwork/">"Kirby and Goliath: The Fight for Jack Kirby's Marvel Artwork"</a>. <i>The Comics Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731000800/http://www.tcj.com/kirby-and-goliath-the-fight-for-jack-kirbys-marvel-artwork/">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=Kirby+and+Goliath%3A+The+Fight+for+Jack+Kirby%27s+Marvel+Artwork&rft.date=2002-12-29&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcj.com%2Fkirby-and-goliath-the-fight-for-jack-kirbys-marvel-artwork%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glengold-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glengold_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGold1998" class="citation journal cs1">Gold, Glen (April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/19stolen.html">"The Stolen Art"</a>. <i>The Jack Kirby Collector</i> (19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223233337/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/19stolen.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=The+Stolen+Art&rft.issue=19&rft.date=1998-04&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F19stolen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tcj116p15-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tcj116p15_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Marvel Returns Art to Kirby, Adams". <i>The Comics Journal</i> (116). Seattle, Washington: Fantagraphics Books: 15. July 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=Marvel+Returns+Art+to+Kirby%2C+Adams&rft.issue=116&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1987-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f3Vig8A-GJsC&pg=PA113&q=Mordrid%2BMortalis%2BJack%2BKirby">Collected Jack Kirby Collector</a></i>, p. 113, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Living_Myth-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Living_Myth_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauls" class="citation web cs1">Pauls, J. B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717061204/http://livingmythmagazine.com/blog/2014/04/21/rewind-doctor-mordrid/">"The Rewind: <i>Doctor Mordrid</i>"</a>. <i>Living Myth Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://livingmythmagazine.com/blog/2014/04/21/rewind-doctor-mordrid/">the original</a> on July 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Living+Myth+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Rewind%3A+Doctor+Mordrid&rft.aulast=Pauls&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flivingmythmagazine.com%2Fblog%2F2014%2F04%2F21%2Frewind-doctor-mordrid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2011" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Dennis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7msrAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Doctor+Mordrid%22"><i>Science Fiction Film Directors, 1895–1998</i></a>. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78648-505-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78648-505-5"><bdi>978-0-78648-505-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204001334/https://books.google.com/books?id=7msrAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Doctor+Mordrid%22">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Film+Directors%2C+1895%E2%80%931998&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-78648-505-5&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7msrAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Doctor%2BMordrid%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008207-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008207_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_B.2006" class="citation book cs1">Jon B., Cooke (2006). "Twilight at Topps". <i>The Collected Jack Kirby Collector </i>Volume 5<i><span></span></i>. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 149–153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893905-57-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893905-57-3"><bdi>978-1-893905-57-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Twilight+at+Topps&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector+Volume+5&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=149-153&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-893905-57-3&rft.aulast=Jon+B.&rft.aufirst=Cooke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2004" class="citation book cs1">Morrow, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eHM3vW6ogDsC&q=Jack+Kirby+Phantom+Force+Bruce+Lee&pg=PA171"><i>The Collected Jack Kirby Collector, Volume 3</i></a>. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-89390-502-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-89390-502-3"><bdi>978-1-89390-502-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206112025/https://books.google.com/books?id=eHM3vW6ogDsC&q=Jack+Kirby+Phantom+Force+Bruce+Lee&pg=PA171">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-89390-502-3&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeHM3vW6ogDsC%26q%3DJack%2BKirby%2BPhantom%2BForce%2BBruce%2BLee%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Jack Kirby checklist</i> (Gold ed.). Raleigh, N.C.: TwoMorrows Pub. 2008. pp. 57–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1605490052" title="Special:BookSources/978-1605490052"><bdi>978-1605490052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby+checklist.&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+N.C.&rft.pages=57-8&rft.edition=Gold&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Pub.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1605490052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200414-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200414_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200416-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200416_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200857-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200857_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TJKC10-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TJKC10_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TJKC10_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow1996" class="citation journal cs1">Morrow, John (April 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/10roz.html">"Roz Kirby Interview Excerpts"</a>. <i>The Jack Kirby Collector</i> (10). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103065856/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/10roz.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Roz+Kirby+Interview+Excerpts&rft.issue=10&rft.date=1996-04&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F10roz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheakston1991" class="citation book cs1">Theakston, Greg (1991). <i>The Jack Kirby Treasury Volume Two</i>. Forestville, California: <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Comics" title="Eclipse Comics">Eclipse Books</a>. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56060-134-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56060-134-0"><bdi>978-1-56060-134-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Treasury+Volume+Two&rft.place=Forestville%2C+California&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Eclipse+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-56060-134-0&rft.aulast=Theakston&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-galacticlisa-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-galacticlisa_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-galacticlisa_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady2006" class="citation news cs1">Brady, Matt (April 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090915195759/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?threadid=63600">"Lisa Kirby, Mike Thibodeaux, & Tom Brevoort on Galactic Bounty Hunters"</a>. <i>Newsarama</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?threadid=63600">the original</a> on September 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsarama&rft.atitle=Lisa+Kirby%2C+Mike+Thibodeaux%2C+%26+Tom+Brevoort+on+Galactic+Bounty+Hunters&rft.date=2006-04-20&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.newsarama.com%2Fshowthread.php%3Fthreadid%3D63600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ro 2004, chapter 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200440-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200440_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/V-mail" title="V-mail">V-mail</a> letter from Kirby to Rosalind, in George 2002, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200440–41-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200440–41_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier200869-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier200869_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERo200442-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERo200442_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRo2004">Ro 2004</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeroComplex-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeroComplex_168-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2012" class="citation news cs1">Kirby, Neal (April 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2012/04/09/growing-up-kirby-the-marvel-memories-of-jack-kirbys-son/#/0">"Growing Up Kirby: The Marvel memories of Jack Kirby's son"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131027080956/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/comics/growing-up-kirby-the-marvel-memories-of-jack-kirbys-son/#/0">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Growing+Up+Kirby%3A+The+Marvel+memories+of+Jack+Kirby%27s+son&rft.date=2012-04-09&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherocomplex.latimes.com%2F2012%2F04%2F09%2Fgrowing-up-kirby-the-marvel-memories-of-jack-kirbys-son%2F%23%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evanier, 2008, pp. 157, 160 (unnumbered): "... drove Jack to distraction, and from there to Southern California. In early 1969, the Kirbys moved west. The main reason was daughter Lisa's <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> and her need to live in a drier climate [than in New York State]. But Jack had another reason. ... Kirby had hopes that being close to Hollywood might bring him an entry to the movie business. ... Film seemed like the next logical outlet for his creativity. ...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeard2015" class="citation web cs1">Beard, Jim (August 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170723204108/https://news.marvel.com/comics/25014/jack_kirby_week_kirby4heroes">"Jack Kirby Week: Kirby4Heroes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.marvel.com/comics/25014/jack_kirby_week_kirby4heroes/">the original</a> on July 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby+Week%3A+Kirby4Heroes&rft.pub=Marvel+Comics&rft.date=2015-08-25&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.marvel.com%2Fcomics%2F25014%2Fjack_kirby_week_kirby4heroes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroth1990" class="citation news cs1">Groth, Gary (February 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcj.com/jack-kirby-interview/5/">"Jack Kirby Interview"</a>. <i>The Comics Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=Jack+Kirby+Interview&rft.date=1990-02&rft.aulast=Groth&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcj.com%2Fjack-kirby-interview%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html">"Jack Kirby, 76; Created Comic-Book Superheroes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. February 8, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701120738/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jack+Kirby%2C+76%3B+Created+Comic-Book+Superheroes&rft.date=1994-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F02%2F08%2Fobituaries%2Fjack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt2007-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt2007_173-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt2007_173-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaples2007" class="citation news cs1">Staples, Brent (August 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26sun3.html?_r=2&th&">"Jack Kirby, a Comic Book Genius, Is Finally Remembered"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817032513/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26sun3.html?_r=2&th&">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jack+Kirby%2C+a+Comic+Book+Genius%2C+Is+Finally+Remembered&rft.date=2007-08-26&rft.aulast=Staples&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F08%2F26%2Fopinion%2F26sun3.html%3F_r%3D2%26th%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2005101-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin2005101_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarlin2005">Carlin 2005</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders2015119–123-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders2015119–123_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfieldSaunders2015">Hatfield & Saunders 2015</a>, pp. 119–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511_176-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511_176-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201511_176-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfieldSaunders2015">Hatfield & Saunders 2015</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2005261-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin2005261_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarlin2005">Carlin 2005</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders20159-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders20159_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfieldSaunders2015">Hatfield & Saunders 2015</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/effect/">"1993: Jack Kirby: The Hardest Working Man in Comics by Steve Pastis"</a>. <i>The Jack Kirby Museum and Research Center</i>. April 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180530161119/http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/effect/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jack+Kirby+Museum+and+Research+Center&rft.atitle=1993%3A+Jack+Kirby%3A+The+Hardest+Working+Man+in+Comics+by+Steve+Pastis&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirbymuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Feffect%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RC-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RC_180-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RC_180-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey,_R.C.1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/R.C._Harvey" class="mw-redirect" title="R.C. Harvey">Harvey, R.C.</a> (April 1994). "What Jack Kirby Did". <i>The Comics Journal</i> (167). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0194-7869">0194-7869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=What+Jack+Kirby+Did&rft.issue=167&rft.date=1994-04&rft.issn=0194-7869&rft.au=Harvey%2C+R.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> Reprinted in George 2002, p. 61-73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield20126–7-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield20126–7_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201261-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201261_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201263–65-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201263–65_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, pp. 63–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201265–67-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201265–67_184-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, pp. 65–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfield2005" class="citation book cs1">Hatfield, Charles (2005). <i>Alternative comics : an emerging literature</i> (1st ed.). Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1578067197" title="Special:BookSources/1578067197"><bdi>1578067197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alternative+comics+%3A+an+emerging+literature&rft.place=Jackson%2C+Miss.&rft.pages=54&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1578067197&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoulart1986" class="citation book cs1">Goulart, Ron (1986). <i>The great comic book artists</i> (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312345577" title="Special:BookSources/0312345577"><bdi>0312345577</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+great+comic+book+artists&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=56&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0312345577&rft.aulast=Goulart&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001211-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001211_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisner2001">Eisner 2001</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201224–25,_69–73-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201224–25,_69–73_188-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, pp. 24–25, 69–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCH-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RCH_189-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCH_189-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1996" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Robert C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofcomicbookae0000harv/page/33"><i>The art of the comic book : an aesthetic history</i></a>. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofcomicbookae0000harv/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0878057587" title="Special:BookSources/0878057587"><bdi>0878057587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+art+of+the+comic+book+%3A+an+aesthetic+history&rft.place=Jackson&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0878057587&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartofcomicbookae0000harv%2Fpage%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AC_190-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AC_190-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hatfield (2005), pp. 54–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2011" class="citation web cs1">Fischer, Craig (November 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcj.com/kirby-attention-paid/">"Kirby: Attention Paid"</a>. <i>The Comics Journal</i>. Fantagraphics Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144100/http://www.tcj.com/kirby-attention-paid/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=Kirby%3A+Attention+Paid&rft.date=2011-11-21&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcj.com%2Fkirby-attention-paid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeiffer2003" class="citation book cs1">Feiffer, Jules (2003). <i>The great comic book heroes</i> (1st Fantagraphics Books ed.). Seattle, Wash.: Fantagraphics Books. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56097-501-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56097-501-4"><bdi>978-1-56097-501-4</bdi></a>. <q>Muscles stretched magically, foreshortened shockingly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+great+comic+book+heroes&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Wash.&rft.pages=59&rft.edition=1st+Fantagraphics+Books&rft.pub=Fantagraphics+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-56097-501-4&rft.aulast=Feiffer&rft.aufirst=Jules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow,_John2004" class="citation cs2">Morrow, John, ed. (2004), "Conversations With Jack Kirby", <i>The Collected Jack Kirby Collector</i>, vol. 3, <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>, p. 40, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1893905020" title="Special:BookSources/1893905020"><bdi>1893905020</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Conversations+With+Jack+Kirby&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=40&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1893905020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008171-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvanier2008171_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvanier2008">Evanier 2008</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201589–99-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfieldSaunders201589–99_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfieldSaunders2015">Hatfield & Saunders 2015</a>, pp. 89–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield20129-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield20129_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Generally Speaking". <i>The Comics Journal</i> (107): 37. April 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0194-7869">0194-7869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=Generally+Speaking&rft.issue=107&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1986-04&rft.issn=0194-7869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabin2001" class="citation book cs1">Sabin, Roger (2001). <i>Comics, comix & graphic novels</i> (Repr. ed.). London: Phaidon. pp. 110, 134 & 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71483-993-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71483-993-6"><bdi>978-0-71483-993-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comics%2C+comix+%26+graphic+novels&rft.place=London&rft.pages=110%2C+134+%26+150&rft.edition=Repr.&rft.pub=Phaidon&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-71483-993-6&rft.aulast=Sabin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[interviews]_by_Roy_Thomas_&_Jim_Amash;_introduction_by_Stan_Lee2007" class="citation book cs1">[interviews] by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a> & Jim Amash; introduction by <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> (2007). <i>John Romita --and all that jazz!</i>. Raleigh, N.C.: TwoMorrows Pub. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1893905757" title="Special:BookSources/978-1893905757"><bdi>978-1893905757</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Romita+--and+all+that+jazz%21&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+N.C.&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Pub.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1893905757&rft.au=%5Binterviews%5D+by+Roy+Thomas+%26+Jim+Amash%3B+introduction+by+Stan+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcj.com/the-rick-veitch-interview/">"The Rick Veitch Interview"</a>. <i>The Comics Journal</i>. Fantagraphics Press. May 24, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825201617/http://www.tcj.com/the-rick-veitch-interview/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Comics+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Rick+Veitch+Interview&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcj.com%2Fthe-rick-veitch-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> Originally published in <i>The Comics Journal</i> #175 (March 1995)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keith-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keith_201-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowder,_Craig2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Crowder, Craig (2010). "Kirby, Jack". In Booker, M. Keith (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels</i>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 353.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kirby%2C+Jack&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Comic+Books+and+Graphic+Novels&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Crowder%2C+Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foley-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foley_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley2001" class="citation magazine cs1">Foley, Shane (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/33krackle.html">"Kracklin' Kirby: Tracing the advent of Kirby Krackle"</a>. <i>Jack Kirby Collector</i>. No. 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130183009/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/33krackle.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Kracklin%27+Kirby%3A+Tracing+the+advent+of+Kirby+Krackle&rft.issue=33&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F33krackle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mendryk-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mendryk_203-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendryk2011" class="citation web cs1">Mendryk, Harry (September 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/3997">"Evolution of Kirby Krackle"</a>. Jack Kirby Museum: "Simon and Kirby". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120604171405/http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/3997">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Kirby+Krackle&rft.pub=Jack+Kirby+Museum%3A+%22Simon+and+Kirby%22&rft.date=2011-09-03&rft.aulast=Mendryk&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirbymuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Fsimonandkirby%2Farchives%2F3997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan-Smith-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan-Smith_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan,_RandySmith,_Matthew_J.2010" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M_bRZ_et8BIC&pg=PA413"><i>Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman: From Captain America to Wonder Woman</i></a>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31335-747-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31335-747-3"><bdi>978-0-31335-747-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617053344/https://books.google.com/books?id=M_bRZ_et8BIC&pg=PA413">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+American+Comic+Book%3A+From+Captain+America+to+Wonder+Woman%3A+From+Captain+America+to+Wonder+Woman&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-31335-747-3&rft.au=Duncan%2C+Randy&rft.au=Smith%2C+Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM_bRZ_et8BIC%26pg%3DPA413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNama2011" class="citation book cs1">Nama, Adilifu (2011). <i>Super Black: American Pop Culture and Black Superheroes</i>. University of Texas Press. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-29274-252-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-29274-252-9"><bdi>978-0-29274-252-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Super+Black%3A+American+Pop+Culture+and+Black+Superheroes&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-29274-252-9&rft.aulast=Nama&rft.aufirst=Adilifu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncanSmith2013" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J., eds. (2013). <i>Icons of the American comic book : from Captain America to Wonder Woman</i>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313399237" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313399237"><bdi>978-0313399237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+American+comic+book+%3A+from+Captain+America+to+Wonder+Woman&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0313399237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrowCooke2017" class="citation book cs1">Morrow, John; Cooke, Jon B., eds. (2017). <i>Kirby100: 100 Top Creators Celebrate Jack Kirby's Greatest Work</i>. <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1605490786" title="Special:BookSources/978-1605490786"><bdi>978-1605490786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirby100%3A+100+Top+Creators+Celebrate+Jack+Kirby%27s+Greatest+Work&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1605490786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield2012144–171-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield2012144–171_208-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, pp. 144–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatfield201258-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatfield201258_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatfield2012">Hatfield 2012</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow,_John2004" class="citation cs2">Morrow, John, ed. (2004), "Walt Simonson Interviewed", <i>The Collected Jack Kirby Collector</i>, vol. 3, <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>, p. 112, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1893905020" title="Special:BookSources/1893905020"><bdi>1893905020</bdi></a>, <q>... it's so powerful in pencil, it's really hard to ink it and really retain the full flavour of the pencils. I think a lot of really good inkers have not been able to do that</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Walt+Simonson+Interviewed&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=112&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1893905020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow,_John2004" class="citation cs2">Morrow, John, ed. (2004), "Chic Stone Speaks", <i>The Collected Jack Kirby Collector</i>, vol. 3, <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>, p. 90, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1893905020" title="Special:BookSources/1893905020"><bdi>1893905020</bdi></a>, <q>I was totally awestruck by the magnificent penciling ... no one inker could improve on Jack's penciling</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Chic+Stone+Speaks&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=90&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1893905020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001199-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001199_212-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisner2001">Eisner 2001</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001213-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001213_213-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisner2001">Eisner 2001</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisner2001209-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisner2001209_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisner2001">Eisner 2001</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ink-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ink_215-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ink_215-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Interview, <i>The Nostalgia Journal</i> #30–1, November 1976 – December 1976, reprinted in George 2002, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendryk2007" class="citation web cs1">Mendryk, Harry (April 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/824">"Jack Kirby's Austere Inking, Chapter 1, Introduction"</a>. <i>Jack Kirby Museum & Research Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143015/http://kirbymuseum.org/blogs/simonandkirby/archives/824">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jack+Kirby+Museum+%26+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Jack+Kirby%27s+Austere+Inking%2C+Chapter+1%2C+Introduction&rft.date=2007-04-07&rft.aulast=Mendryk&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirbymuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Fsimonandkirby%2Farchives%2F824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2017" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Thomas, Roy</a>, ed. (2017). "The Retrospective Stan Lee". <i>Alter Ego</i> (150). 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November 20, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180609221650/https://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/2005/masters-of-american-comics/">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Masters+of+American+Comics&rft.pub=The+Hammer+Museum&rft.date=2005-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhammer.ucla.edu%2Fexhibitions%2F2005%2Fmasters-of-american-comics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csun.edu/mike-curb-arts-media-communication/events/comic-book-apocalypse-graphic-world-jack-kirby">"Comic Book Apocalypse: The Graphic World of Jack Kirby"</a>. <i>California State University, Northridge</i>. July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170330104710/http://www.csun.edu/mike-curb-arts-media-communication/events/comic-book-apocalypse-graphic-world-jack-kirby">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+State+University%2C+Northridge&rft.atitle=Comic+Book+Apocalypse%3A+The+Graphic+World+of+Jack+Kirby&rft.date=2015-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csun.edu%2Fmike-curb-arts-media-communication%2Fevents%2Fcomic-book-apocalypse-graphic-world-jack-kirby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirbymuseum.org/blog/2018/04/19/kirby-odyssey/">"Take "A Jack Kirby Odyssey" in NYC May 11–13!"</a>. <i>Jack Kirby Museum & Research Center</i>. April 19, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140021/http://kirbymuseum.org/blog/2018/04/19/kirby-odyssey/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jack+Kirby+Museum+%26+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Take+%22A+Jack+Kirby+Odyssey%22+in+NYC+May+11%E2%80%9313%21&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirbymuseum.org%2Fblog%2F2018%2F04%2F19%2Fkirby-odyssey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2004" class="citation book cs1">Morrow, John, ed. (February 19, 2004). <i>Collected Jack Kirby Collector</i>. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1893905004" title="Special:BookSources/1893905004"><bdi>1893905004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2004-02-19&rft.isbn=1893905004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulgravett.com/articles/article/jack_kirby2">"Jack Kirby: The House That Jack Built"</a>. <i>Paul Gravett</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723034358/http://www.paulgravett.com/articles/article/jack_kirby2">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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No. 1206.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comic+Shop+News&rft.atitle=Kirby+Genesis%3A+A+Testament+to+the+King%27s+Talent&rft.issue=1206&rft.date=2010-07&rft.aulast=Biggers&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsarama.com/comics/Kirby-Genesis-Dynamite-Ross-Busiek-100712.html">"Alex Ross & Kurt Busiek Team For Dynamite's Kirby: Genesis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dynamite_Entertainment" title="Dynamite Entertainment">Dynamite Entertainment</a> press release via Newsarama. 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Kirby, Barbara J. Kirby, Neal L. Kirby and Susan M. Kirby</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/In%20FDCO%2020110803A12.xml/MARVEL%20WORLDWIDE,%20INC.%20v.%20KIRBY">777 F.Supp.2d 720</a> (S.D.N.Y. 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritz2009" class="citation news cs1">Fritz, Ben (September 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ct-marvel21-2009sep21,0,2439744.story">"Heirs File Claims to Marvel Heroes"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100518174346/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/sep/21/business/fi-ct-marvel21">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Heirs+File+Claims+to+Marvel+Heroes&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft.aulast=Fritz&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-ct-marvel21-2009sep21%2C0%2C2439744.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKit,_Borys_and_Matthew_Belloni2009" class="citation news cs1">Kit, Borys and Matthew Belloni (September 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/blogs/thr-esq/kirby-heirs-seeking-bigger-chunk-63343">"Kirby Heirs Seeking Bigger Chunk of Marvel Universe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102202119/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/blogs/thr-esq/kirby-heirs-seeking-bigger-chunk-63343">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Kirby+Heirs+Seeking+Bigger+Chunk+of+Marvel+Universe&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft.au=Kit%2C+Borys+and+Matthew+Belloni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fblogs%2Fthr-esq%2Fkirby-heirs-seeking-bigger-chunk-63343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelrose2010" class="citation web cs1">Melrose, Kevin (January 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/marvel-sues-to-invalidate-copyright-claims-by-jack-kirbys-heirs/">"Marvel Sues to Invalidate Copyright Claims by Jack Kirby's Heirs"</a>. <i>Robot 6</i>. 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Cir. 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatten2014" class="citation web cs1">Patten, Dominic (April 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2014/04/jack-kirby-marvel-disney-lawsuit-supreme-court-captain-america-xmen-stan-lee-708839/">"Marvel & Disney Rights Case For Supreme Court To Decide Says Jack Kirby Estate"</a>. <i>Deadline Hollywood</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405054443/http://www.deadline.com/2014/04/jack-kirby-marvel-disney-lawsuit-supreme-court-captain-america-xmen-stan-lee/">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Marvel+%26+Disney+Rights+Case+For+Supreme+Court+To+Decide+Says+Jack+Kirby+Estate&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft.aulast=Patten&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2014%2F04%2Fjack-kirby-marvel-disney-lawsuit-supreme-court-captain-america-xmen-stan-lee-708839%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/kirby-v-marvel-characters-incorporated/">"Kirby v. Marvel Characters, Inc"</a>. SCOTUSblog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140727142823/http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/kirby-v-marvel-characters-incorporated/">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kirby+v.+Marvel+Characters%2C+Inc.&rft.pub=SCOTUSblog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotusblog.com%2Fcase-files%2Fcases%2Fkirby-v-marvel-characters-incorporated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatten2014" class="citation web cs1">Patten, Dominic (September 26, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2014/09/jack-kirby-marvel-settlement-lawsuit-supreme-court-hearing-841711/">"Marvel & Jack Kirby Heirs Settle Legal Battle Ahead Of Supreme Court Showdown"</a>. <i>Deadline Hollywood</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140926190546/http://deadline.com/2014/09/jack-kirby-marvel-settlement-lawsuit-supreme-court-hearing-841711/">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Marvel+%26+Jack+Kirby+Heirs+Settle+Legal+Battle+Ahead+Of+Supreme+Court+Showdown&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.aulast=Patten&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2014%2F09%2Fjack-kirby-marvel-settlement-lawsuit-supreme-court-hearing-841711%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel2014" class="citation news cs1">Frankel, Alison (September 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006121541/http://blogs.reuters.com/alison-frankel/2014/09/29/marvel-settlement-with-kirby-leaves-freelancers-rights-in-doubt/">"Marvel settlement with Kirby leaves freelancers' rights in doubt"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUK346771746120140929">the original</a> on October 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Marvel+settlement+with+Kirby+leaves+freelancers%27+rights+in+doubt&rft.date=2014-09-29&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUK346771746120140929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2005267-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlin2005267_248-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarlin2005">Carlin 2005</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalumière2001" class="citation web cs1">Lalumière, Claude (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://januarymagazine.com/fiction/chabon.html">"Where There Is Icing"</a>. (book review), <a href="/wiki/January_Magazine" title="January Magazine">JanuaryMagazine.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125213233/http://januarymagazine.com/fiction/chabon.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+There+Is+Icing&rft.pub=%28book+review%29%2C+JanuaryMagazine.com&rft.date=2001-01&rft.aulast=Lalumi%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjanuarymagazine.com%2Ffiction%2Fchabon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovece1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lovece" title="Frank Lovece">Lovece, Frank</a> (February 26, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821034100/http://www.scribd.com/doc/146229501/Aliens-Arrives-on-Video-This-Week-James-Cameron-interview">"<i>Aliens</i> Arrives on Video this Week"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Media" title="United Media">United Media</a> newspaper syndicate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/146229501/Aliens-Arrives-on-Video-This-Week-James-Cameron-interview">the original</a> on August 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aliens+Arrives+on+Video+this+Week&rft.date=1987-02-26&rft.aulast=Lovece&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F146229501%2FAliens-Arrives-on-Video-This-Week-James-Cameron-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editorial in Forever People #1, DC Comics, 1970</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stamps-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stamps_252-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stamps_252-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508223851/http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/2007stamps/#marvel">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Postal Service Previews 2007 Commemorative Stamp Program" (October 25, 2006 press release)"</a>. USPS.com. October 25, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/2007stamps/#marvel">the original</a> on May 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Postal+Service+Previews+2007+Commemorative+Stamp+Program%22+%28October+25%2C+2006+press+release%29&rft.pub=USPS.com&rft.date=2006-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usps.com%2Fcommunications%2Fnewsroom%2F2007stamps%2F%23marvel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Timm" title="Bruce Timm">Bruce Timm</a> in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhouryKhoury1998" class="citation news cs1">Khoury, George; Khoury, Pedro III (October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/21timm.html">"Bruce Timm Interviewed"</a>. <i>Jack Kirby Collector</i>. No. 21. <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230636/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/21timm.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jack+Kirby+Collector&rft.atitle=Bruce+Timm+Interviewed&rft.issue=21&rft.date=1998-10&rft.aulast=Khoury&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Khoury%2C+Pedro+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F21timm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerkwits2002" class="citation web cs1">Berkwits, Jeff (January 28, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030211053133/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue249/sound.html">"<i>Requiem for Jack Kirby</i>: Gregg Bendian sketches memorable musical scenes from Jack Kirby's legendary comic-book images"</a>. Science Fiction Weekly (SciFi.com). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue249/sound.html">the original</a> on February 11, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Requiem+for+Jack+Kirby%3A+Gregg+Bendian+sketches+memorable+musical+scenes+from+Jack+Kirby%27s+legendary+comic-book+images&rft.pub=Science+Fiction+Weekly+%28SciFi.com%29&rft.date=2002-01-28&rft.aulast=Berkwits&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scifi.com%2Fsfw%2Fissue249%2Fsound.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEury2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eury" title="Michael Eury">Eury, Michael</a> (2006). <i>The Krypton Companion</i>. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 226–227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1893905610" title="Special:BookSources/978-1893905610"><bdi>978-1893905610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Krypton+Companion&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=226-227&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1893905610&rft.aulast=Eury&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">Fogel, Rich and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Timm" title="Bruce Timm">Timm, Bruce</a> (writers); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Riba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Riba (page does not exist)">Riba, Dan</a> (director) (February 14, 1998). "Apokolips ... Now!, Part 2". <a href="/wiki/Superman:_The_Animated_Series" title="Superman: The Animated Series"><i>Superman: The Animated Series</i></a>. Season 2. Episode 39. <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superman%3A+The+Animated+Series&rft.series=Season+2.+Episode+39&rft.date=1998-02-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=marvelcomics.htm">"Marvel Comics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714111507/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=marvelcomics.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Marvel+Comics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ffranchises%2Fchart%2F%3Fid%3Dmarvelcomics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> Excludes movies starring Blade, Daredevil, Deadpool, Doctor Strange, Elektra, Ghost Rider, Guardians of the Galaxy, Howard the Duck, the Punisher, and Wolverine solo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjcuxSl991s">"The King & the Worst"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. November 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729062233/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjcuxSl991s">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+King+%26+the+Worst&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGjcuxSl991s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708193821/http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/toronto-4-and-the-winner-is">"Toronto #4: And the Winner Is."</a> <i>RogerEbert.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/toronto-4-and-the-winner-is">the original</a> on July 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=Toronto+%234%3A+And+the+Winner+Is..&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Frogers-journal%2Ftoronto-4-and-the-winner-is&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster2014" class="citation news cs1">Webster, Andy (June 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/23/theater/the-amazing-adventures-of-pencil-man.html?_r=0">"The Amazing Adventures of Pencil Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126013918/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/23/theater/the-amazing-adventures-of-pencil-man.html?_r=1">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Amazing+Adventures+of+Pencil+Man&rft.date=2014-06-22&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F23%2Ftheater%2Fthe-amazing-adventures-of-pencil-man.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLenteSkillman2014" class="citation book cs1">Lente, Fred Van; Skillman, Crystal (July 31, 2014). <i>King Kirby: A Play by Crystal Skillman and Fred Van Lente</i>. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-49928-849-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-49928-849-0"><bdi>978-1-49928-849-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Kirby%3A+A+Play+by+Crystal+Skillman+and+Fred+Van+Lente&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft.isbn=978-1-49928-849-0&rft.aulast=Lente&rft.aufirst=Fred+Van&rft.au=Skillman%2C+Crystal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarett2016" class="citation book cs1">Jarett, Kobek (2016). <i>I Hate the Internet: A Useful Novel</i> (First ed.). Los Angeles, California. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-99642-180-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-99642-180-5"><bdi>978-0-99642-180-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/923555197">923555197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Hate+the+Internet%3A+A+Useful+Novel&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F923555197&rft.isbn=978-0-99642-180-5&rft.aulast=Jarett&rft.aufirst=Kobek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icv2.com/articles/news/view/37584/dc-unveils-its-kirby-one-shot-creators">"DC Unveils its 'Kirby One-Shot' Creators"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ICv2" title="ICv2">ICv2</a></i>. May 23, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180609215849/https://icv2.com/articles/news/view/37584/dc-unveils-its-kirby-one-shot-creators">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICv2&rft.atitle=DC+Unveils+its+%27Kirby+One-Shot%27+Creators&rft.date=2017-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficv2.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fview%2F37584%2Fdc-unveils-its-kirby-one-shot-creators&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/30moore.html">"DThe Supreme Writer: Alan Moore Interviewed by George Khoury, From Jack Kirby Collector #30"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100112013036/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/30moore.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DThe+Supreme+Writer%3A+Alan+Moore+Interviewed+by+George+Khoury%2C+From+Jack+Kirby+Collector+%2330&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twomorrows.com%2Fkirby%2Farticles%2F30moore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack2021" class="citation news cs1">Mack, Mike (May 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laughingplace.com/w/articles/2021/05/05/countdown-to-avengers-campus-the-kirby-krackle/">"Countdown to Avengers Campus: The Kirby Krackle"</a>. <i>laughingplace.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=laughingplace.com&rft.atitle=Countdown+to+Avengers+Campus%3A+The+Kirby+Krackle&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laughingplace.com%2Fw%2Farticles%2F2021%2F05%2F05%2Fcountdown-to-avengers-campus-the-kirby-krackle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alley67-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alley67_266-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alley67_266-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley67.php">"1967 Alley Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725002130/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley67.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1967+Alley+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Falley67.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley63.php">"1963 Alley Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725052457/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley63.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1963+Alley+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Falley63.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley64.php">"1964 Alley Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725065718/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley64.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1964+Alley+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Falley64.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley65.php">"1965 Alley Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140710044601/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley65.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1965+Alley+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Falley65.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley66.php">"1966 Alley Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725012122/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley66.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1966+Alley+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Falley66.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alley1968-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alley1968_271-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alley1968_271-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725003747/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley68.php">"1968 Alley Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley68.php">the original</a> on July 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>. <q><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hanerfeld" title="Mark Hanerfeld">Mark Hanerfeld</a> originally listed <i>Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.</i> as the winner, but then discovered he had counted separately votes for 'Fantastic Four by Jack Kirby' (42 votes), 'Fantastic Four by Stan Lee', and 'Fantastic Four by Jack Kirby & Stan Lee', which would have given <i>Fantastic Four</i> a total of more than 45 votes and thus the victory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1968+Alley+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Falley68.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080627191906/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam71.php">"1971 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam71.php">the original</a> on June 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1971+Academy+of+Comic+Book+Arts+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Fshazam71.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php">"Inkpot Award Winners"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055558/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inkpot+Award+Winners&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Finkpot.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080627191916/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam74.php">"1974 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam74.php">the original</a> on June 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1974+Academy+of+Comic+Book+Arts+Awards&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Fshazam74.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisnersum.php">"Will Eisner Comic Industry Award: Summary of Winners"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812093946/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisnersum.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+Eisner+Comic+Industry+Award%3A+Summary+of+Winners&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Feisnersum.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comic-con.org/awards/bob-clampett-humanitarian-award">"The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con_International" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Comic-Con International">San Diego Comic-Con International</a>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701112050/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/bob-clampett-humanitarian-award">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bob+Clampett+Humanitarian+Award&rft.pub=San+Diego+Comic-Con+International&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comic-con.org%2Fawards%2Fbob-clampett-humanitarian-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/harvey98.php">"1998 Harvey Award Nominees and Winners"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812044646/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/harvey98.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1998+Harvey+Award+Nominees+and+Winners&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Fharvey98.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner98.php">"1998 Will Eisner Comic Industry Award Nominees"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054838/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner98.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1998+Will+Eisner+Comic+Industry+Award+Nominees&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Feisner98.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan2017" class="citation news cs1">McMillan, Graeme (July 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jack-kirby-be-named-disney-legend-at-d23-expo-july-1014421">"Jack Kirby to Be Named 'Disney Legend' at D23 Expo in July"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116114602/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jack-kirby-be-named-disney-legend-at-d23-expo-july-1014421">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Jack+Kirby+to+Be+Named+%27Disney+Legend%27+at+D23+Expo+in+July&rft.date=2017-07-16&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fheat-vision%2Fjack-kirby-be-named-disney-legend-at-d23-expo-july-1014421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olbrich-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-olbrich_280-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlbrich2008" class="citation web cs1">Olbrich, Dave (December 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://funnybookfanatic.wordpress.com/2008/12/17/the-end-of-the-jack-kirby-comics-industry-awards-a-lesson-in-honesty/">"The End of the Jack Kirby Comics Industry Awards: A Lesson in Honesty"</a>. Funny Book Fanatic (Dave Olbrich official blog). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624035429/http://funnybookfanatic.wordpress.com/2008/12/17/the-end-of-the-jack-kirby-comics-industry-awards-a-lesson-in-honesty/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Jack+Kirby+Comics+Industry+Awards%3A+A+Lesson+in+Honesty&rft.pub=Funny+Book+Fanatic+%28Dave+Olbrich+official+blog%29&rft.date=2008-12-17&rft.aulast=Olbrich&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffunnybookfanatic.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F12%2F17%2Fthe-end-of-the-jack-kirby-comics-industry-awards-a-lesson-in-honesty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comic-con.org/awards/history">"Eisner Awards History,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819130112/https://www.comic-con.org/awards/history">Archived</a> August 19, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> San Diego Comic-Con International official website. Accessed May 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Newswatch: Kirby Awards End In Controversy", <i>The Comics Journal</i> #122 (June 1988), pp. 19–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicbook.com/comics/2017/06/15/comic-con-announces-2017-bill-finger-award-recipients">"Bill Finger Award Recipients"</a>. Comics Continuum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190718220207/https://comicbook.com/comics/2017/06/15/comic-con-announces-2017-bill-finger-award-recipients/">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Finger+Award+Recipients&rft.pub=Comics+Continuum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicbook.com%2Fcomics%2F2017%2F06%2F15%2Fcomic-con-announces-2017-bill-finger-award-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511174819/http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/Comics">"Exhibitions: Masters of American Comics"</a>. The Jewish Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/Comics">the original</a> on May 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exhibitions%3A+Masters+of+American+Comics&rft.pub=The+Jewish+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejewishmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2FComics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimmelman2006" class="citation news cs1">Kimmelman, Michael (October 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/arts/design/13comi.html">"See You in the Funny Papers"</a>. (art review), The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120906193438/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/arts/design/13comi.html?_r=1">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=See+You+in+the+Funny+Papers&rft.date=2006-10-13&rft.aulast=Kimmelman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F10%2F13%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F13comi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC-asteroid-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPC-asteroid_286-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=51985">"51985 Kirby (2001 SA116)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a>. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180206231637/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=51985">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=51985+Kirby+%282001+SA116%29&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union+Minor+Planet+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Fobject_id%3D51985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span> Additional on February 6, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15858">"Kirby"</a>. <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191011205832/https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15858">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazetteer+of+Planetary+Nomenclature&rft.atitle=Kirby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2FFeature%2F15858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography_2">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlin2005" class="citation book cs1">Carlin, John, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersofamerica0000unse"><i>Masters of American comics : [this catalogue was published in conjunction with "Masters of American comics", an exhibition jointly organized by the Hammer Museum and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles] With contributions by Stanley Crouch</i></a> (illustrated ed.). New Haven [u.a.]: Yale Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30011-317-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30011-317-4"><bdi>978-0-30011-317-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+of+American+comics+%3A+%5Bthis+catalogue+was+published+in+conjunction+with+%22Masters+of+American+comics%22%2C+an+exhibition+jointly+organized+by+the+Hammer+Museum+and+the+Museum+of+Contemporary+Art%2C+Los+Angeles%5D+With+contributions+by+Stanley+Crouch&rft.place=New+Haven+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Yale+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-30011-317-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmastersofamerica0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisner2001" class="citation book cs1">Eisner, Will (2001). <i>Will Eisner's shop talk</i> (1st ed.). Milwaukie, Or.: Dark Horse Comics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56971-536-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56971-536-9"><bdi>978-1-56971-536-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Will+Eisner%27s+shop+talk.&rft.place=Milwaukie%2C+Or.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dark+Horse+Comics&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56971-536-9&rft.aulast=Eisner&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvanier2008" class="citation book cs1">Evanier, Mark (2008). <i>Kirby: King of Comics</i>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Abrams</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-9447-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-9447-8"><bdi>978-0-8109-9447-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirby%3A+King+of+Comics&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-9447-8&rft.aulast=Evanier&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2002" class="citation book cs1">George, Milo, ed. (2002). <i>The Comics Journal Library, Volume One: Jack Kirby</i>. Seattle, Washington: Fantagraphics Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56097-466-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56097-466-6"><bdi>978-1-56097-466-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Comics+Journal+Library%2C+Volume+One%3A+Jack+Kirby&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Fantagraphics+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-56097-466-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfield2012" class="citation book cs1">Hatfield, Charles (2012). <i>Hand of Fire: The Comics Art of Jack Kirby</i>. University Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61703-178-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61703-178-6"><bdi>978-1-61703-178-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hand+of+Fire%3A+The+Comics+Art+of+Jack+Kirby&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61703-178-6&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfieldSaunders2015" class="citation book cs1">Hatfield, Charles; Saunders, Brian, eds. (September 2015). <i>Comic Book Apocalypse: The Graphic World of Jack Kirby : [this catalogue was published in conjunction with "Comic Book Apocalypse: The Graphic World of Jack Kirby", an exhibition organized by California State University, Northridge, With contributions by various essayists]</i>. Northridge, California: IDW Publishing & California State University, Northridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63140-542-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63140-542-6"><bdi>978-1-63140-542-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comic+Book+Apocalypse%3A+The+Graphic+World+of+Jack+Kirby+%3A+%5Bthis+catalogue+was+published+in+conjunction+with+%22Comic+Book+Apocalypse%3A+The+Graphic+World+of+Jack+Kirby%22%2C+an+exhibition+organized+by+California+State+University%2C+Northridge%2C+With+contributions+by+various+essayists%5D&rft.place=Northridge%2C+California&rft.pub=IDW+Publishing+%26+California+State+University%2C+Northridge&rft.date=2015-09&rft.isbn=978-1-63140-542-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Jones" title="Gerard Jones">Jones, Gerard</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menoftomorrowgee0000jone"><i>Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of the Comic Book</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03657-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03657-8"><bdi>978-0-465-03657-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+of+Tomorrow%3A+Geeks%2C+Gangsters%2C+and+the+Birth+of+the+Comic+Book&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-465-03657-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmenoftomorrowgee0000jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRo2004" class="citation book cs1">Ro, Ronin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CFhbqswztWkC"><i>Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution</i></a>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury USA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-345-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-345-7"><bdi>978-1-58234-345-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+to+Astonish%3A+Jack+Kirby%2C+Stan+Lee+and+the+American+Comic+Book+Revolution&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58234-345-7&rft.aulast=Ro&rft.aufirst=Ronin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCFhbqswztWkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_LenteDunlavey2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Van_Lente" title="Fred Van Lente">Van Lente, Fred</a>; Dunlavey, Ryan (2012). <i>The Comic Book History of Comics</i>. San Diego, California: IDW. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61377-197-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61377-197-6"><bdi>978-1-61377-197-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Comic+Book+History+of+Comics&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+California&rft.pub=IDW&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61377-197-6&rft.aulast=Van+Lente&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Dunlavey%2C+Ryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScioli2020" class="citation book cs1">Scioli, Tom (2020). <i>Jack Kirby: The Epic Life of the King of Comics</i>. California; New York: Ten Speed Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781984856906" title="Special:BookSources/9781984856906"><bdi>9781984856906</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1122804040">1122804040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jack+Kirby%3A+The+Epic+Life+of+the+King+of+Comics&rft.place=California%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1122804040&rft.isbn=9781984856906&rft.aulast=Scioli&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyman1993" class="citation book cs1">Wyman, Ray (1993). <i>The Art of Jack Kirby</i>. Orange, Calif.: Blue Rose Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9634467-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9634467-1-1"><bdi>0-9634467-1-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28128313">28128313</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Jack+Kirby&rft.place=Orange%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Blue+Rose+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28128313&rft.isbn=0-9634467-1-1&rft.aulast=Wyman&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111105031/http://www.marvunapp.com/list/appkirby.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creations+of+Jack+Kirby&rft.pub=Appendix+to+the+Handbook+of+the+Marvel+Universe&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marvunapp.com%2Flist%2Fappkirby.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Kirby" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jack_Kirby" title="Template:Jack Kirby"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jack_Kirby" title="Template talk:Jack Kirby"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jack_Kirby" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jack Kirby"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jack_Kirby" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_bibliography" title="Jack Kirby bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marvel Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(comics)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (comics)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absorbing_Man" title="Absorbing Man">Absorbing Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Warlock" title="Adam Warlock">Adam Warlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_Harkness" title="Agatha Harkness">Agatha Harkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Masters" title="Alicia Masters">Alicia Masters</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Adventures" title="Amazing Adventures">Amazing Adventures</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibion" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibion">Amphibion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annihilus" title="Annihilus">Annihilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man" title="Ant-Man">Ant-Man</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giant-Man" title="Giant-Man">Giant-Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnim_Zola" title="Arnim Zola">Arnim Zola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgard_(comics)" title="Asgard (comics)">Asgard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astonishing_Tales" title="Astonishing Tales">Astonishing Tales</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attuma" title="Attuma">Attuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Mansion" title="Avengers Mansion">Avengers Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awesome_Android" title="Awesome Android">Awesome Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balder_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balder (comics)">Balder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Strucker" title="Baron Strucker">Baron Strucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Zemo" title="Baron Zemo">Baron Zemo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Zemo" title="Heinrich Zemo">Heinrich Zemo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroc_the_Leaper" title="Batroc the Leaper">Batroc the Leaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Building" title="Baxter Building">Baxter Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betsy Ross (comics)">Betsy Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ross" title="Betty Ross">Betty Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Panther (Marvel Comics)">Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastaar" title="Blastaar">Blastaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blob_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Blob (Marvel Comics)">Blob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boomerang (comics)">Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Tode" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother Tode">Brother Tode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Mutants" title="Brotherhood of Mutants">Brotherhood of Mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Bucky (Marvel Comics)">Bucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Barnes" title="Bucky Barnes">Bucky Barnes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burner_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burner (comics)">Burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America%27s_shield" title="Captain America's shield">shield</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_(comics)" title="Celestial (comics)">Celestial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebro" title="Cerebro">Cerebro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Circus of Crime">Circus of Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplator_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemplator (Marvel Comics)">Contemplator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Cube" title="Cosmic Cube">Cosmic Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusaders_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Crusaders (Marvel Comics)">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyttorak" title="Cyttorak">Cyttorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Bugle" title="Daily Bugle">Daily Bugle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger_Room" title="Danger Room">Danger Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviant_(comics)" title="Deviant (comics)">Deviant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_Dinosaur" title="Devil Dinosaur">Devil Dinosaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_(Thor)" title="Destroyer (Thor)">Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Diablo (Marvel Comics)">Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom" title="Doctor Doom">Doctor Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Druid" title="Doctor Druid">Doctor Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Faustus (comics)">Doctor Faustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughboy_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doughboy (comics)">Doughboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Man_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Man (comics)">Dragon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredmund_the_Druid" title="Dredmund the Druid">Dredmund the Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egghead_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Egghead (Marvel Comics)">Egghead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego_the_Living_Planet" title="Ego the Living Planet">Ego the Living Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchantress_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Enchantress (Marvel Comics)">Enchantress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_(comics)" title="Enclave (comics)">Enclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Josten" title="Erik Josten">Erik Josten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(comics)" title="Eternals (comics)">Eternals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajak" title="Ajak">Ajak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druig" title="Druig">Druig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgotten_One_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forgotten One (comics)">Forgotten One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikaris" title="Ikaris">Ikaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingo_Sunen" title="Kingo Sunen">Kingo Sunen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makkari_(comics)" title="Makkari (comics)">Makkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sersi" title="Sersi">Sersi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprite_(Eternal)" title="Sprite (Eternal)">Sprite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thena" title="Thena">Thena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuras" title="Zuras">Zuras</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executioner_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executioner (comics)">Executioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fafnir_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fafnir (Marvel Comics)">Fafnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Torch" title="Human Torch">Human Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Woman" title="Invisible Woman">Invisible Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Fantastic" title="Mister Fantastic">Mister Fantastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing_(comics)" title="Thing (comics)">Thing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenris_Wolf_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Fenris Wolf (Marvel Comics)">Fenris Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_Fang_Foom" title="Fin Fang Foom">Fin Fang Foom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixer_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Fixer (Marvel Comics)">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbush_Man" title="Forbush Man">Forbush Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Richards_(character)" title="Franklin Richards (character)">Franklin Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Storm" title="Franklin Storm">Franklin Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frightful_Four" title="Frightful Four">Frightful Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactus" title="Galactus">Galactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giants (Marvel Comics)">Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giganto" title="Giganto">Giganto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goom" title="Goom">Goom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgilla">Gorgilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Gargoyle" title="Grey Gargoyle">Grey Gargoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot" title="Groot">Groot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growing_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Growing Man">Growing Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.E.R.B.I.E." title="H.E.R.B.I.E.">H.E.R.B.I.E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate-Monger" title="Hate-Monger">Hate-Monger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdall_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimdall (comics)">Heimdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hela_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hela (comics)">Hela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicarrier" title="Helicarrier">Helicarrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Evolutionary" title="High Evolutionary">High Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hippolyta (Marvel Comics)">Hippolyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_Robot" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulk Robot">Hulk Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Cannonball_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Human Cannonball (Marvel Comics)">Human Cannonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">HYDRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortus" title="Immortus">Immortus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_Man" title="Impossible Man">Impossible Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhumans" title="Inhumans">Inhumans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bolt" title="Black Bolt">Black Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal (comics)">Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon_(Inhuman)" title="Gorgon (Inhuman)">Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnak_(comics)" title="Karnak (comics)">Karnak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockjaw_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockjaw (comics)">Lockjaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_(comics)" title="Maximus (comics)">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(comics)" title="Medusa (comics)">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(comics)" title="Triton (comics)">Triton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man%27s_armor" title="Iron Man's armor">armor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It!_The_Living_Colossus" title="It! The Living Colossus">It! The Living Colossus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Foster" title="Jane Foster">Jane Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Sitwell" title="Jasper Sitwell">Jasper Sitwell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Mystery" title="Journey into Mystery">Journey into Mystery</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggernaut_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juggernaut (comics)">Juggernaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka-Zar_(Kevin_Plunder)" title="Ka-Zar (Kevin Plunder)">Ka-Zar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_(comics)" title="Kala (comics)">Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_the_Conqueror" title="Kang the Conqueror">Kang the Conqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkas_(comics)" title="Karkas (comics)">Karkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnilla">Karnilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaw_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Klaw (Marvel Comics)">Klaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krang_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Krang (Marvel Comics)">Krang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kree" title="Kree">Kree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronan_the_Accuser" title="Ronan the Accuser">Ronan the Accuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentry_(Kree)" title="Sentry (Kree)">Sentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Intelligence" title="Supreme Intelligence">Supreme Intelligence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kro_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kro (comics)">Kro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latveria" title="Latveria">Latveria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufey_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laufey (comics)">Laufey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifter_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifter (comics)">Lifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Loki (Marvel Comics)">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Lucifer (Marvel Comics)">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Man" title="Machine Man">Machine Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Thinker" title="Mad Thinker">Mad Thinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magneto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Magneto (Marvel Comics)">Magneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Beast" title="Man-Beast">Man-Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangog" title="Mangog">Mangog</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Fireside_Books" title="Marvel Fireside Books">Marvel Fireside Books</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_of_Evil" title="Masters of Evil">Masters of Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentallo" title="Mentallo">Mentallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Man" title="Miracle Man">Miracle Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODOK" title="MODOK">MODOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_Man" title="Mole Man">Mole Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecule_Man" title="Molecule Man">Molecule Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsteroso" title="Monsteroso">Monsteroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon-Boy" title="Moon-Boy">Moon-Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastermind_(Jason_Wyngarde)" title="Mastermind (Jason Wyngarde)">Mastermind (Jason Wyngarde)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutant_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mutant (Marvel Comics)">Mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_Zone" title="Negative Zone">Negative Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Men_(Marvel_Comics)" title="New Men (Marvel Comics)">New Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norn_Stones" title="Norn Stones">Norn Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Odin (comics)">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympians_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Olympians (Marvel Comics)">Olympians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ares (Marvel Comics)">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis (Marvel Comics)">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Athena (Marvel Comics)">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hera (Marvel Comics)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hercules (Marvel Comics)">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hermes (Marvel Comics)">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Pluto (Marvel Comics)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Zeus (Marvel Comics)">Zeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Orrgo">Orrgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painter_(comics)" title="Painter (comics)">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Carter" title="Peggy Carter">Peggy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peepers_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Peepers (Marvel Comics)">Peepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunderer_(comics)" title="Plunderer (comics)">Plunderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Broker_(character)" title="Power Broker (character)">Power Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycho-Man" title="Psycho-Man">Psycho-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet_Master_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Puppet Master (Marvel Comics)">Puppet Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quicksilver_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Quicksilver (Marvel Comics)">Quicksilver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Man_(comics)" title="Radioactive Man (comics)">Radioactive Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Darby" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Darby">Randall Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawhide_Kid" title="Rawhide Kid">Rawhide Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ghost_(character)" title="Red Ghost (character)">Red Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skull" title="Red Skull">Red Skull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistants" title="Resistants">Resistants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Jones_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rick Jones (comics)">Rick Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringmaster_(comics)" title="Ringmaster (comics)">Ringmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Land" title="Savage Land">Savage Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Witch" title="Scarlet Witch">Scarlet Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_(Carmilla_Black)" title="Scorpion (Carmilla Black)">Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Empire_(organization)" title="Secret Empire (organization)">Secret Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_(comics)" title="Sentinel (comics)">Sentinel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_Mold" title="Master Mold">Master Mold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar_Trask" title="Bolivar Trask">Bolivar Trask</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carter" title="Sharon Carter">Sharon Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sif_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sif (comics)">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer" title="Silver Surfer">Silver Surfer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Fury_and_his_Howling_Commandos" title="Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos">Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Manelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dino Manelli">Dino Manelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_Dum_Dugan" title="Dum Dum Dugan">Dum Dum Dugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Jones" title="Gabe Jones">Gabe Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Sam_Sawyer" title="Happy Sam Sawyer">Happy Sam Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howling_Commandos" title="Howling Commandos">Howling Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzy_Cohen" class="mw-redirect" title="Izzy Cohen">Izzy Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Juniper" title="Junior Juniper">Junior Juniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Pinkerton" title="Pinky Pinkerton">Pinky Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Ralston" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebel Ralston">Rebel Ralston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrull" title="Skrull">Skrull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorrek_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorrek VII">Dorrek VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Morrat">Morrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Skrull" title="Super-Skrull">Super-Skrull</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Sleeper (Marvel Comics)">Sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slither_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slither (comics)">Slither</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_Industries" title="Stark Industries">Stark Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_Tower" title="Stark Tower">Stark Tower</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_to_Astonish" title="Tales to Astonish">Tales to Astonish</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stranger (comics)">Stranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranea_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subterranea (comics)">Subterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Adaptoid" title="Super-Adaptoid">Super-Adaptoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtur_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surtur (Marvel Comics)">Surtur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27Chaka" title="T'Chaka">T'Chaka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Galactus_Trilogy" title="The Galactus Trilogy">The Galactus Trilogy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(comic_book)" title="The Incredible Hulk (comic book)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Man..._This_Monster!" title="This Man... This Monster!">This Man... This Monster!</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mjolnir_(comics)" title="Mjolnir (comics)">Mjolnir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Ross" title="Thunderbolt Ross">Thunderbolt Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toad_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Toad (Marvel Comics)">Toad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapster" title="Trapster">Trapster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricephalous_(comics)" title="Tricephalous (comics)">Tricephalous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolls (Marvel Comics)">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbler_(comics)" title="Tumbler (comics)">Tumbler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutinax" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutinax">Tutinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Gun_Kid" title="Two-Gun Kid">Two-Gun Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyr_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Tyr (Marvel Comics)">Tyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrannus_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannus (comics)">Tyrannus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulik" title="Ulik">Ulik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Nullifier" title="Ultimate Nullifier">Ultimate Nullifier</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">Uncanny X-Men</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni-Mind" class="mw-redirect" title="Uni-Mind">Uni-Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Unicorn (Marvel Comics)">Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unus_the_Untouchable" title="Unus the Untouchable">Unus the Untouchable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanisher" title="Vanisher">Vanisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_(Timely_Comics)" title="Vision (Timely Comics)">Vision (Timely Comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volla_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volla (comics)">Volla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakanda" title="Wakanda">Wakanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warriors_Three" title="Warriors Three">Warriors Three</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fandral" title="Fandral">Fandral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogun" title="Hogun">Hogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstagg" title="Volstagg">Volstagg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasp_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasp (comics)">Wasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(comics)" title="Watcher (comics)">Watchers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uatu" title="Uatu">Uatu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlwind_(comics)" title="Whirlwind (comics)">Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Lumpkin" title="Willie Lumpkin">Willie Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Wizard (Marvel Comics)">Wizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Man" title="Wonder Man">Wonder Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong-Chu" title="Wong-Chu">Wong-Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrecker_(comics)" title="Wrecker (comics)">Wrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Wingfoot" title="Wyatt Wingfoot">Wyatt Wingfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Mansion" title="X-Mansion">X-Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Worthington_III" title="Warren Worthington III">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beast (comics)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Cyclops (Marvel Comics)">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceman_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Iceman (Marvel Comics)">Iceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Grey" title="Jean Grey">Marvel Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_X" title="Professor X">Professor X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancy_Street_Gang" title="Yancy Street Gang">Yancy Street Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymir_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ymir (Marvel Comics)">Ymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Allies_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Young Allies (Marvel Comics)">Young Allies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(comics)" title="Gargoyle (comics)">Yuri Topolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabu" title="Zabu">Zabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarrko" title="Zarrko">Zarrko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DC Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1st_Issue_Special" title="1st Issue Special">1st Issue Special</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agent_Axis_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent Axis (DC Comics)">Agent Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Life_Equation" title="Anti-Life Equation">Anti-Life Equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apokolips" title="Apokolips">Apokolips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkseid" title="Darkseid">Darkseid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSaad" title="DeSaad">DeSaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devilance" title="Devilance">Devilance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Bedlam" title="Doctor Bedlam">Doctor Bedlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Furies" title="Female Furies">Female Furies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernadeth" title="Bernadeth">Bernadeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashina" title="Lashina">Lashina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Harriet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Harriet">Mad Harriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stompa" title="Stompa">Stompa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Godfrey" title="Glorious Godfrey">Glorious Godfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granny_Goodness" title="Granny Goodness">Granny Goodness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalibak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalibak">Kalibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanto_(comics)" title="Kanto (comics)">Kanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantis_(DC_Comics)" title="Mantis (DC Comics)">Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parademon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parademon">Parademons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppenwolf (comics)">Steppenwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virman_Vundabar" title="Virman Vundabar">Virman Vundabar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(DC_Comics)" title="Atlas (DC Comics)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Racer_(DC_Comics)" title="Black Racer (DC Comics)">Black Racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom tube">Boom tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Commandos" title="Boy Commandos">Boy Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mannheim" title="Bruno Mannheim">Bruno Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challengers_of_the_Unknown" title="Challengers of the Unknown">Challengers of the Unknown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ace Morgan">Ace Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ryan_(comics)" title="Red Ryan (comics)">Red Ryan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Quilt" title="Crazy Quilt">Crazy Quilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Turpin" title="Dan Turpin">Dan Turpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbats_of_Danger_Street" title="Dingbats of Danger Street">Dingbats of Danger Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbilex" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbilex">Dubbilex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Etrigan the Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_(comics)" title="Fourth World (comics)">Fourth World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_Flashman" title="Funky Flashman">Funky Flashman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Agency" title="Global Peace Agency">Global Peace Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OMAC_(Buddy_Blank)" title="OMAC (Buddy Blank)">OMAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_(DC_Comics)" title="Guardian (DC Comics)">Guardian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Secrets_(DC_Comics)" title="House of Secrets (DC Comics)">House of Secrets</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity-Man" title="Infinity-Man">Infinity-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergang" title="Intergang">Intergang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamandi" title="Kamandi">Kamandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klarion_the_Witch_Boy" title="Klarion the Witch Boy">Klarion the Witch Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobra_(DC_Comics)" title="Kobra (DC Comics)">Kobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(comics)" title="Manhunter (comics)">Manhunter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(Paul_Kirk)" title="Manhunter (Paul Kirk)">Paul Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(Mark_Shaw)" title="Manhunter (Mark Shaw)">Mark Shaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunters_(DC_Comics)" title="Manhunters (DC Comics)">Manhunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metron_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metron (comics)">Metron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Edge" title="Morgan Edge">Morgan Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgaine_le_Fey_(DC_Comics)" title="Morgaine le Fey (DC Comics)">Morgaine le Fey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Box" title="Mother Box">Mother Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Scarlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Scarlet">Mr. Scarlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsboy_Legion" title="Newsboy Legion">Newsboy Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Gods#Setting" title="New Gods">New Genesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekka" title="Bekka">Bekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Barda" title="Big Barda">Big Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forager_(character)" title="Forager (character)">Forager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forever_People" title="Forever People">Forever People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highfather" title="Highfather">Highfather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightray_(character)" title="Lightray (character)">Lightray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle" title="Mister Miracle">Mister Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion (comics)">Orion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(comics)" title="Oberon (comics)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cadmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Cadmus">Project Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandman_(DC_Comics)" title="Sandman (DC Comics)">Sandman (Garrett Sanford)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle_(Shilo_Norman)" title="Mister Miracle (Shilo Norman)">Shilo Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Sumo" title="Sonny Sumo">Sonny Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(comics)" title="Source (comics)">Source</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Comics" title="Star Spangled Comics">Star Spangled Comics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superman%27s_Pal_Jimmy_Olsen" title="Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen">Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Powers_Collection#Tie-ins" title="Super Powers Collection">Super Powers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weird_Mystery_Tales" title="Weird Mystery Tales">Weird Mystery Tales</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Magic_(comics)" title="Black Magic (comics)">Black Magic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_Ranch" title="Boys' Ranch">Boys' Ranch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_3-D" title="Captain 3-D">Captain 3-D</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Victory_and_the_Galactic_Rangers" title="Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers">Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_Duck" title="Destroyer Duck">Destroyer Duck</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shield_(Archie_Comics)" title="Shield (Archie Comics)">The Double Life of Private Strong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fighting_American" title="Fighting American">Fighting American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fly_(Archie_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fly (Archie Comics)">The Fly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Headline_Comics_(For_The_American_Boy)" title="Headline Comics (For The American Boy)">Headline Comics (For The American Boy)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby%27s_Galactic_Bounty_Hunters" title="Jack Kirby's Galactic Bounty Hunters">Jack Kirby's Galactic Bounty Hunters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_Traps_the_Guilty" title="Justice Traps the Guilty">Justice Traps the Guilty</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topps_Comics#The_Kirbyverse" title="Topps Comics">The Kirbyverse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Date_Comics" title="My Date Comics">My Date Comics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Fighting_Forces" title="Our Fighting Forces">Our Fighting Forces</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_City_Saga" title="Secret City Saga">Secret City Saga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star_(comics)" title="Silver Star (comics)">Silver Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sky_Masters" title="Sky Masters">Sky Masters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Street_Code" title="Street Code">Street Code</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Love_(comics)" title="Young Love (comics)">Young Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Romance" title="Young Romance">Young Romance</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Centurions_(TV_series)" title="Centurions (TV series)">Centurions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldie_Gold_and_Action_Jack" title="Goldie Gold and Action Jack">Goldie Gold and Action Jack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mister_T_(TV_series)" title="Mister T (TV series)">Mister T</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thundarr_the_Barbarian" title="Thundarr the Barbarian">Thundarr the Barbarian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Krackle" title="Kirby Krackle">Kirby Krackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Publications" title="Mainline Publications">Mainline Publications</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirby:_Genesis" title="Kirby: Genesis">Kirby: Genesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirby:_King_of_Comics" title="Kirby: King of Comics">Kirby: King of Comics</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jack_Kirby" title="Category:Jack Kirby">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ant-Man_and_Wasp" title="Template:Ant-Man and Wasp"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ant-Man_and_Wasp" title="Template talk:Ant-Man and Wasp"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ant-Man_and_Wasp" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ant-Man and Wasp"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man" title="Ant-Man">Ant-Man</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wasp_(character)" title="Wasp (character)">the Wasp</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Lieber" title="Larry Lieber">Larry Lieber</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man" title="Ant-Man">Ant-Man</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_(Scott_Lang)" title="Ant-Man (Scott Lang)">Scott Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_O%27Grady" title="Eric O'Grady">Eric O'Grady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Giant-Man" title="Giant-Man">Giant-Man</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Foster_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Foster (comics)">Bill Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant-Man_(Raz_Malhotra)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant-Man (Raz Malhotra)">Raz Malhotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goliath_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Goliath (Marvel Comics)">Goliath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Foster_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Foster (comics)">Bill Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_(Clint_Barton)" title="Hawkeye (Clint Barton)">Clint Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Josten" title="Erik Josten">Erik Josten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_(Tom_Foster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliath (Tom Foster)">Tom Foster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yellowjacket_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Yellowjacket (Marvel Comics)">Yellowjacket</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowjacket_(Rita_DeMara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowjacket (Rita DeMara)">Rita DeMara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Cross" title="Darren Cross">Darren Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wasp_(character)" title="Wasp (character)">The Wasp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wasp_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasp (comics)">Janet van Dyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_van_Dyne" title="Nadia van Dyne">Nadia van Dyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_A.I." title="Avengers A.I.">Avengers A.I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Lang" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassandra Lang">Cassie Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finesse_(character)" title="Finesse (character)">Finesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Pym" title="Hope Pym">Hope Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Man_(comics)" title="Big Man (comics)">Henry Pym Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pym" title="Maria Pym">Maria Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Avengers" title="Young Avengers">Young Avengers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Idea_Mechanics" title="Advanced Idea Mechanics">A.I.M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetle_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beetle (comics)">Beetle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Lincoln" title="Janice Lincoln">Janice Lincoln</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Fox_(Raul_Chalmers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Fox (Raul Chalmers)">Black Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Nathan_Garrett)" title="Black Knight (Nathan Garrett)">Black Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Technological_Enterprises" title="Cross Technological Enterprises">Cross Technological Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfire (comics)">Crossfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dire_Wraith" title="Dire Wraith">Dire Wraiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Nemesis" title="Doctor Nemesis">Doctor Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragonfly (Marvel Comics)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egghead_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Egghead (Marvel Comics)">Egghead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinox_(comics)" title="Equinox (comics)">Equinox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ghost (Marvel Comics)">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Josten" title="Erik Josten">Goliath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Josten" title="Erik Josten">Erik Josten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_(comics)" title="Grizzly (comics)">Grizzly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijacker_(comics)" title="Hijacker (comics)">Hijacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">HYDRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_the_Conqueror" title="Kang the Conqueror">Kang the Conqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pym" title="Maria Pym">MODAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODOK" title="MODOK">MODOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Magician (Marvel Comics)">Magician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Carson" title="Mitchell Carson">Mitchell Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Force_(comics)" title="People's Defense Force (comics)">People's Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantman" title="Plantman">Plantman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcupine_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porcupine (Marvel Comics)">Porcupine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Broker_(character)" title="Power Broker (character)">Power Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Pym" title="Hope Pym">Red Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Man_(comics)" title="Radioactive Man (comics)">Radioactive Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Swarm (Marvel Comics)">Swarm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petra_Laskov" class="mw-redirect" title="Petra Laskov">Petra Laskov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultron" title="Ultron">Ultron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlwind_(comics)" title="Whirlwind (comics)">Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowjacket_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Yellowjacket (Marvel Comics)">Yellowjacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Cross" title="Darren Cross">Darren Cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comic book titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_to_Astonish" title="Tales to Astonish">Tales to Astonish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Feature" title="Marvel Feature">Marvel Feature</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unstoppable_Wasp" title="The Unstoppable Wasp">The Unstoppable Wasp</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_(TV_series)" title="Ant-Man (TV series)"><i>Ant-Man</i> (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marvel Cinematic Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_(film)" title="Ant-Man (film)"><i>Ant-Man</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_(soundtrack)" title="Ant-Man (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_Civil_War" title="Captain America: Civil War">Captain America: Civil War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp" title="Ant-Man and the Wasp">Ant-Man and the Wasp</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp_(soundtrack)" title="Ant-Man and the Wasp (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame" title="Avengers: Endgame">Avengers: Endgame</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp:_Quantumania" title="Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania"><i>Quantumania</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp:_Quantumania_(soundtrack)" title="Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Lang_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Scott Lang (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Scott Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_van_Dyne" title="Hope van Dyne">Hope van Dyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_and_The_Wasp:_Nano_Battle!" title="Ant-Man and The Wasp: Nano Battle!">Nano Battle!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Avengers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Avengers" title="Template:Avengers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Avengers" title="Template talk:Avengers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Avengers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Avengers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Avengers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Avengers_members" title="List of Avengers members">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Avengers_enemies" title="List of Avengers enemies">Enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Avengers_titles" title="List of Avengers titles">Titles</a></li> <li>Creators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Force" title="A-Force">A-Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-Next" title="A-Next">A-Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_A.I." title="Avengers A.I.">Avengers A.I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Academy" title="Avengers Academy">Avengers Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Avengers" title="Dark Avengers">Dark Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Works" title="Force Works">Force Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Avengers" title="Great Lakes Avengers">Great Lakes Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminati_(comics)" title="Illuminati (comics)">Illuminati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Avengers" title="The Mighty Avengers">Mighty Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Avengers_(comics)" title="The New Avengers (comics)">New Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Avengers_members" title="List of New Avengers members">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Avengers" title="Secret Avengers">Secret Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimates" title="Ultimates">Ultimates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultimates_members" title="List of Ultimates members">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_Avengers" title="Uncanny Avengers">Uncanny Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.Avengers" title="U.S.Avengers">U.S.Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Avengers" title="West Coast Avengers">West Coast Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_West_Coast_Avengers_members" title="List of West Coast Avengers members">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Avengers" title="Young Avengers">Young Avengers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Mansion" title="Avengers Mansion">Avengers Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_Tower" title="Stark Tower">Avengers Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)_in_other_media" title="Avengers (comics) in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers:_United_They_Stand" title="The Avengers: United They Stand">United They Stand</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers:_Earth%27s_Mightiest_Heroes" title="The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes">Earth's Mightiest Heroes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Assemble_(TV_series)" title="Avengers Assemble (TV series)">Avengers Assemble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Disk_Wars:_The_Avengers" title="Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers">Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Future_Avengers" title="Marvel Future Avengers">Marvel Future Avengers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Animated_Features" title="Marvel Animated Features">Marvel Animated Features</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(soundtrack)" title="The Avengers (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="List of accolades received by The Avengers (2012 film)">accolades</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Confidential:_Black_Widow_%26_Punisher" title="Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher">Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Age_of_Ultron" title="Avengers: Age of Ultron">Age of Ultron</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Age_of_Ultron_(soundtrack)" title="Avengers: Age of Ultron (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Infinity_War" title="Avengers: Infinity War">Infinity War</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_Avengers:_Infinity_War_and_Avengers:_Endgame" title="Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame">production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Infinity_War_(soundtrack)" title="Avengers: Infinity War (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_box_office_records_set_by_Avengers:_Infinity_War" title="List of box office records set by Avengers: Infinity War">box office records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Avengers:_Infinity_War" title="List of accolades received by Avengers: Infinity War">accolades</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame" title="Avengers: Endgame">Endgame</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_Avengers:_Infinity_War_and_Avengers:_Endgame" title="Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame">production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame_(soundtrack)" title="Avengers: Endgame (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_box_office_records_set_by_Avengers:_Endgame" title="List of box office records set by Avengers: Endgame">box office records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Avengers:_Endgame" title="List of accolades received by Avengers: Endgame">accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_assemble_scene" title="Avengers assemble scene">"Avengers assemble" scene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_The_Avengers" title="Captain America and The Avengers">Captain America and The Avengers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_in_Galactic_Storm" title="Avengers in Galactic Storm">Avengers in Galactic Storm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Avengers_Alliance" title="Marvel Avengers Alliance">Marvel Avengers Alliance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Avengers:_Battle_for_Earth" title="Marvel Avengers: Battle for Earth">Marvel Avengers: Battle for Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_Marvel%27s_Avengers" title="Lego Marvel's Avengers">Lego Marvel's Avengers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Avengers_Academy" title="Marvel Avengers Academy">Marvel Avengers Academy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel%27s_Avengers_(video_game)" title="Marvel's Avengers (video game)">Marvel's Avengers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions and<br />experiences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Campus" title="Avengers Campus">Avengers Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Wish" title="Disney Wish">Avengers: Quantum Encounter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rogers:_The_Musical" title="Rogers: The Musical">Rogers: The Musical</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Avengers_(comics)" title="Category:Avengers (comics)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Panther" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Panther_(character)" title="Template:Black Panther (character)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Panther_(character)" title="Template talk:Black Panther (character)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Panther_(character)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Panther (character)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Panther" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(character)" title="Black Panther (character)">Black Panther</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Black Panthers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%27Chaka" title="T'Chaka">T'Chaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(character)" title="Black Panther (character)">T'Challa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Tiger_(Kasper_Cole)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Tiger (Kasper Cole)">Kasper Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuri_(character)" title="Shuri (character)">Shuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Panther_supporting_characters" title="List of Black Panther supporting characters">Supporting characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man" title="Ant-Man">Ant-Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bast_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Bast (Marvel Comics)">Bast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Milaje" title="Dora Milaje">Dora Milaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Fesi" title="Eden Fesi">Eden Fesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Ross" title="Everett K. Ross">Everett K. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentle_(character)" title="Gentle (character)">Gentle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Rambeau" title="Monica Rambeau">Monica Rambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okoye_(character)" title="Okoye (character)">Okoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Storm (Marvel Comics)">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasp_(character)" title="Wasp (character)">Wasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Wolf_(comics)" title="White Wolf (comics)">White Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Barnes" title="Bucky Barnes">Winter Soldier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Avengers" title="The Mighty Avengers">Mighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Avengers_(comics)" title="The New Avengers (comics)">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminati_(comics)" title="Illuminati (comics)">Illuminati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimates_(2015_team)" title="Ultimates (2015 team)">Ultimates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Panther_supporting_characters#Enemies" title="List of Black Panther supporting characters">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achebe_(character)" title="Achebe (character)">Achebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Macabre" title="Baron Macabre">Baron Macabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroc_the_Leaper" title="Batroc the Leaper">Batroc the Leaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Black Knight (Marvel Comics)">Black Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom" title="Doctor Doom">Doctor Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Killmonger" title="Erik Killmonger">Erik Killmonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenris_(comics)" title="Fenris (comics)">Fenris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaur" title="Ghaur">Ghaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hand_(comics)" title="The Hand (comics)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaw_(character)" title="Klaw (character)">Klaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraven_the_Hunter" title="Kraven the Hunter">Kraven the Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malice_(character)#Malice_(Black_Panther_villain)" title="Malice (character)">Malice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakia_(comics)" title="Nakia (comics)">Malice (Nakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Ape" title="Man-Ape">Man-Ape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephisto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mephisto (Marvel Comics)">Mephisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Man_(comics)" title="Radioactive Man (comics)">Radioactive Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_(character)" title="Rhino (character)">Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Serpent" title="Sons of the Serpent">Sons of the Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetu_(comics)" title="Tetu (comics)">Tetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venomm" title="Venomm">Venomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Wolf_(comics)" title="White Wolf (comics)">White Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenzi_(comics)" title="Zenzi (comics)">Zenzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Action" title="Jungle Action">Jungle Action</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics_Presents" title="Marvel Comics Presents">Marvel Comics Presents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crew_(comics)" title="The Crew (comics)">Black Panther and The Crew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Wakanda" title="World of Wakanda">World of Wakanda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Black_Panther" title="Ultimate Black Panther">Ultimate Black Panther</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Doomwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Doomwar">Doomwar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_Hunt_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Blood Hunt (Marvel Comics)">Blood Hunt</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_in_other_media" title="Black Panther in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(TV_series)" title="Black Panther (TV series)"><i>Black Panther</i> (TV series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Assemble_(TV_series)" title="Avengers Assemble (TV series)">Avengers: Black Panther's Quest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_Marvel_Super_Heroes_-_Black_Panther:_Trouble_in_Wakanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lego Marvel Super Heroes - Black Panther: Trouble in Wakanda">Lego Marvel Super Heroes - Black Panther: Trouble in Wakanda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Multiverse_Role-Playing_Game" title="Marvel Multiverse Role-Playing Game">Marvel Multiverse Role-Playing Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_1943:_Rise_of_Hydra" title="Marvel 1943: Rise of Hydra">Marvel 1943: Rise of Hydra</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marvel Cinematic Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)"><i>Black Panther</i> (film)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Black_Panther_(film)" title="List of accolades received by Black Panther (film)">accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(soundtrack)" title="Black Panther (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever" title="Black Panther: Wakanda Forever">Black Panther: Wakanda Forever</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever" title="List of accolades received by Black Panther: Wakanda Forever">accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever_(soundtrack)" title="Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_of_Wakanda" title="Eyes of Wakanda">Eyes of Wakanda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27Challa_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="T'Challa (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">T'Challa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuri_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Shuri (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Shuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Tiger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal Tiger">Coal Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibranium" title="Vibranium">Vibranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27Channa" title="T'Channa">T'Channa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakanda" title="Wakanda">Wakanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Panther_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Category:Black Panther (Marvel Comics)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Captain_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Captain_America" title="Template:Captain America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Captain_America" title="Template talk:Captain America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Captain_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Captain America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Captain_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Captain_America_characters" title="Template:Captain America characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Steve Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Barnes" title="Bucky Barnes">Bucky Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_(comics)" title="Falcon (comics)">Sam Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Captain_America_enemies" title="List of Captain America enemies">Enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Captain_America" title="Alternative versions of Captain America">Alternative versions of Captain America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Captain_America_titles" title="List of Captain America titles">Publications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_Comics" title="Captain America Comics">Captain America Comics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(comic_book)" title="Captain America (comic book)">Captain America</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(vol._5)" title="Captain America (vol. 5)">vol. 5</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_the_Falcon" title="Captain America and the Falcon">Captain America and the Falcon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Captain_America" title="Adventures of Captain America">Adventures of Captain America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_Nick_Fury:_Blood_Truce" title="Captain America and Nick Fury: Blood Truce">Captain America and Nick Fury: Blood Truce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_Nick_Fury:_The_Otherworld_War" title="Captain America and Nick Fury: The Otherworld War">Captain America and Nick Fury: The Otherworld War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truth:_Red,_White_%26_Black" title="Truth: Red, White & Black">Truth: Red, White & Black</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_the_Falcon" title="Captain America and the Falcon"><i>Captain America and the Falcon</i> (2004)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_White" title="Captain America: White">Captain America: White</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Death_of_Captain_America" title="The Strange Death of Captain America">The Strange Death of Captain America</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Empire_(1974_comic)" title="Secret Empire (1974 comic)">"Secret Empire" (1974)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_The_Captain" title="Captain America: The Captain">The Captain</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_and_Wolf" title="Man and Wolf">Man and Wolf</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Winter_Soldier_(story_arc)" title="The Winter Soldier (story arc)">The Winter Soldier</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Civil_War_(comics)" title="Civil War (comics)">Civil War</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Captain_America" title="The Death of Captain America">The Death of Captain America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fallen_Son:_The_Death_of_Captain_America" title="Fallen Son: The Death of Captain America">Fallen Son</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_Reborn" title="Captain America: Reborn">Reborn</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Empire_(2017_comic)" title="Secret Empire (2017 comic)">"Secret Empire" (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_in_other_media" title="Captain America in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_in_film" title="Captain America in film">Feature films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(serial)" title="Captain America (serial)"><i>Captain America</i> (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(1979_film)" title="Captain America (1979 film)"><i>Captain America</i> (1979)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_II:_Death_Too_Soon" title="Captain America II: Death Too Soon">Captain America II: Death Too Soon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(1990_film)" title="Captain America (1990 film)"><i>Captain America</i> (1990)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_The_First_Avenger" title="Captain America: The First Avenger">The First Avenger</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_The_First_Avenger_(soundtrack)" title="Captain America: The First Avenger (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_The_Winter_Soldier" title="Captain America: The Winter Soldier">The Winter Soldier</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_The_Winter_Soldier_(soundtrack)" title="Captain America: The Winter Soldier (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_Civil_War" title="Captain America: Civil War">Civil War</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_Civil_War_(soundtrack)" title="Captain America: Civil War (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Falcon_and_the_Winter_Soldier" title="The Falcon and the Winter Soldier">The Falcon and the Winter Soldier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_Brave_New_World" title="Captain America: Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_in:_The_Doom_Tube_of_Dr._Megalomann" title="Captain America in: The Doom Tube of Dr. Megalomann">Captain America in: The Doom Tube of Dr. Megalomann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_and_Captain_America_in_Dr._Doom%27s_Revenge!" title="The Amazing Spider-Man and Captain America in Dr. Doom's Revenge!">The Amazing Spider-Man and Captain America in Dr. Doom's Revenge!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_The_Avengers" title="Captain America and The Avengers">Captain America and The Avengers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_Super_Soldier" title="Captain America: Super Soldier">Captain America: Super Soldier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_1943:_Rise_of_Hydra" title="Marvel 1943: Rise of Hydra">Marvel 1943: Rise of Hydra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America%27s_shield" title="Captain America's shield">Captain America's shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Patriot" title="Iron Patriot">Iron Patriot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rogers:_The_Musical" title="Rogers: The Musical">Rogers: The Musical</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stucky_(fandom)" title="Stucky (fandom)">Stucky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Captain_America" title="Category:Captain America">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Darkseid" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Darkseid" title="Template:Darkseid"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Darkseid" title="Template talk:Darkseid"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Darkseid" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Darkseid"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Darkseid" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Darkseid" title="Darkseid">Darkseid</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Syndicate_of_America" title="Crime Syndicate of America">Crime Syndicate of America</a></li> <li>Darkseid's Elite <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DeSaad" title="DeSaad">DeSaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devilance" title="Devilance">Devilance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Bedlam" title="Doctor Bedlam">Doctor Bedlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Godfrey" title="Glorious Godfrey">Glorious Godfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granny_Goodness" title="Granny Goodness">Granny Goodness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanto_(comics)" title="Kanto (comics)">Kanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantis_(DC_Comics)" title="Mantis (DC Comics)">Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_(character)" title="Steppenwolf (character)">Steppenwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virman_Vundabar" title="Virman Vundabar">Virman Vundabar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_(DC_Comics)" title="Doomsday (DC Comics)">Doomsday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Furies" title="Female Furies">Female Furies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernadeth" title="Bernadeth">Bernadeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashina" title="Lashina">Lashina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stompa" title="Stompa">Stompa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayven" title="Grayven">Grayven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergang" title="Intergang">Intergang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mannheim" title="Bruno Mannheim">Bruno Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Edge" title="Morgan Edge">Morgan Edge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metron_(character)" title="Metron (character)">Metron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parademon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parademon">Parademons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Society_of_Super_Villains" title="Secret Society of Super Villains">The Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_Bug" title="Ambush Bug">Ambush Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Monitor" title="Anti-Monitor">Anti-Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman" title="Aquaman">Aquaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(character)" title="Atom (character)">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gordon" title="Barbara Gordon">Barbara Gordon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_Boy" title="Beast Boy">Beast Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekka" title="Bekka">Bekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Barda" title="Big Barda">Big Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canary" title="Black Canary">Black Canary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Racer_(DC_Comics)" title="Black Racer (DC Comics)">Black Racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beetle" title="Blue Beetle">Blue Beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainiac_(character)" title="Brainiac (character)">Brainiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Boy" title="Cosmic Boy">Cosmic Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_(DC_Comics)" title="Cyborg (DC Comics)">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkstars" title="Darkstars">Darkstars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadman_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deadman (DC Comics)">Deadman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Fate" title="Doctor Fate">Doctor Fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Etrigan the Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestorm_(character)" title="Firestorm (character)">Firestorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(Barry_Allen)" title="Flash (Barry Allen)">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forager_(character)" title="Forager (character)">Forager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forever_People" title="Forever People">Forever People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Arrow" title="Green Arrow">Green Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Jordan" title="Hal Jordan">Green Lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern_Corps" title="Green Lantern Corps">Green Lantern Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Universe" title="Guardians of the Universe">Guardians of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkgirl" title="Hawkgirl">Hawkgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkman" title="Hawkman">Hawkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highfather" title="Highfather">Highfather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himon" class="mw-redirect" title="Himon">Himon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impulse (DC Comics)">Impulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity-Man" title="Infinity-Man">Infinity-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constantine" title="John Constantine">John Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_(character)" title="John Stewart (character)">John Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Dark" title="Justice League Dark">Justice League Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Society_of_America" title="Justice Society of America">Justice Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Super-Heroes" title="Legion of Super-Heroes">Legion of Super-Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Luthor" title="Lex Luthor">Lex Luthor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightray_(character)" title="Lightray (character)">Lightray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobo_(DC_Comics)" title="Lobo (DC Comics)">Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Manhunter" title="Martian Manhunter">Martian Manhunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mera_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mera (comics)">Mera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metron_(character)" title="Metron (character)">Metron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle" title="Mister Miracle">Mister Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitors_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monitors (comics)">Monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightwing" title="Nightwing">Nightwing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(comics)" title="Oberon (comics)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(character)" title="Orion (character)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_Stranger" title="Phantom Stranger">Phantom Stranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Man" title="Plastic Man">Plastic Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Girl" title="Power Girl">Power Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_(DC_Comics)" title="Raven (DC Comics)">Raven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tornado" title="Red Tornado">Red Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Wayne" title="Damian Wayne">Damian Wayne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinestro" title="Sinestro">Sinestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Sumo" title="Sonny Sumo">Sonny Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(DC_Comics_character)" title="Spectre (DC Comics character)">Spectre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfire_(Teen_Titans)" title="Starfire (Teen Titans)">Starfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Squad" title="Suicide Squad">Suicide Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superboy_(Kon-El)" title="Superboy (Kon-El)">Superboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergirl_(Kara_Zor-El)" title="Supergirl (Kara Zor-El)">Supergirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing" title="Swamp Thing">Swamp Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takion" title="Takion">Takion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Titans" title="Teen Titans">Teen Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(comics)" title="Vixen (comics)">Vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_West" title="Wally West">Wally West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Girl" title="Wonder Girl">Wonder Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Justice_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Justice (comics)">Young Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatanna" title="Zatanna">Zatanna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_(comics)" title="Fourth World (comics)">Fourth World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Soldiers" title="Seven Soldiers">Seven Soldiers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legends_(comics)" title="Legends (comics)">Legends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Countdown_to_Final_Crisis" title="Countdown to Final Crisis">Countdown to Final Crisis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(DC_Comics)" title="Genesis (DC Comics)">Genesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Odyssey_(comics)" title="Cosmic Odyssey (comics)">Cosmic Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_the_New_Gods" title="Death of the New Gods">Death of the New Gods</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Darkness_Saga" title="The Great Darkness Saga">The Great Darkness Saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Final_Crisis" title="Final Crisis">Final Crisis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apokolips" title="Apokolips">Apokolips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Genesis" class="mw-redirect" title="New Genesis">New Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">New Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Life_Equation" title="Anti-Life Equation">Anti-Life Equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Box" title="Mother Box">Mother Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom Tube">Boom Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(comics)" title="Source (comics)">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanos" title="Thanos">Thanos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eternals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eternals" title="Template:Eternals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eternals" title="Template talk:Eternals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eternals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eternals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eternals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(comics)" title="Eternals (comics)">Eternals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eternals" title="List of Eternals">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eternals of Earth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajak" title="Ajak">Ajak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druig" title="Druig">Druig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgotten_One_(character)" title="Forgotten One (character)">Forgotten One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikaris" title="Ikaris">Ikaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interloper_(comics)" title="Interloper (comics)">Interloper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingo_Sunen" title="Kingo Sunen">Kingo Sunen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makkari_(comics)" title="Makkari (comics)">Makkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phastos" title="Phastos">Phastos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sersi" title="Sersi">Sersi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprite_(Eternal)" title="Sprite (Eternal)">Sprite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thena" title="Thena">Thena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuras" title="Zuras">Zuras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eternals of Titan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_(A%27lars)" title="Mentor (A'lars)">Mentor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfox_(comics)" title="Starfox (comics)">Starfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanos" title="Thanos">Thanos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deviant_(comics)" title="Deviant (comics)">Deviants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackwulf" title="Blackwulf">Blackwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_%26_Deborah_Ritter" title="Donald & Deborah Ritter">Donald and Deborah Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ereshkigal_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ereshkigal (Marvel Comics)">Ereshkigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaur" title="Ghaur">Ghaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giganto" title="Giganto">Giganto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkas_(comics)" title="Karkas (comics)">Karkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kro_(character)" title="Kro (character)">Kro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maelstrom_(comics)" title="Maelstrom (comics)">Maelstrom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting cast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_(comics)" title="Celestial (comics)">Celestials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysius" title="Elysius">Elysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(comics)" title="Hyperion (comics)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmind_(comics)" title="Overmind (comics)">Overmind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranian_(comics)" title="Uranian (comics)">Uranian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_(comics)" title="Celestial (comics)">Celestials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviant_(comics)" title="Deviant (comics)">Deviants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaur" title="Ghaur">Ghaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kro_(character)" title="Kro (character)">Kro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanos" title="Thanos">Thanos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Marvel_Comics_location)" title="Titan (Marvel Comics location)">Titan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A.X.E.:_Judgment_Day" title="A.X.E.: Judgment Day">A.X.E.: Judgment Day</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(film)" title="Eternals (film)">Eternals</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(soundtrack)" title="Eternals (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Eternals_(comics)" title="Category:Eternals (comics)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Etrigan_the_Demon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #BFBFBF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Template:Etrigan the Demon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Template talk:Etrigan the Demon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Etrigan the Demon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Etrigan_the_Demon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Etrigan_the_Demon" title="Etrigan the Demon">Etrigan the Demon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #BFBFBF;;width:1%">Creator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #BFBFBF;;width:1%">Supporting Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Arthur (DC Comics)">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(DC_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin (DC Comics)">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Xanadu" title="Madame Xanadu">Madame Xanadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatanna" title="Zatanna">Zatanna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #BFBFBF;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Dark" title="Justice League Dark">Justice League Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_Knights" title="Demon Knights">Demon Knights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #BFBFBF;;width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(DC_Comics)" title="Lucifer (DC Comics)">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgaine_le_Fey_(DC_Comics)" title="Morgaine le Fey (DC Comics)">Morgaine le Fey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klarion_the_Witch_Boy" title="Klarion the Witch Boy">Klarion the Witch Boy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #BFBFBF;;width:1%">Other<br />Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Television <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Batman_Adventures" title="The New Batman Adventures">The New Batman Adventures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_(TV_series)" title="Justice League (TV series)">Justice League</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Unlimited" title="Justice League Unlimited">Justice League Unlimited</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Brave_and_the_Bold" title="Batman: The Brave and the Bold">Batman: The Brave and the Bold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teen_Titans_Go!" title="Teen Titans Go!">Teen Titans Go!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Action" title="Justice League Action">Justice League Action</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Films <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_League:_The_Flashpoint_Paradox" title="Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox">Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Dark_(film)" title="Justice League Dark (film)">Justice League Dark</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fantastic_Four" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fantastic_Four" title="Template:Fantastic Four"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fantastic_Four" title="Template talk:Fantastic Four"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fantastic_Four" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fantastic Four"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fantastic_Four" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fantastic_Four_members" title="List of Fantastic Four members">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Original members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Fantastic" title="Mister Fantastic">Mister Fantastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Woman" title="Invisible Woman">Invisible Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Torch" title="Human Torch">Human Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing_(comics)" title="Thing (comics)">Thing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable recruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_(Scott_Lang)" title="Ant-Man (Scott Lang)">Ant-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(character)" title="Black Panther (character)">Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_(character)" title="Crystal (character)">Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_Dinosaur" title="Devil Dinosaur">Devil Dinosaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Rider_(Danny_Ketch)" title="Ghost Rider (Danny Ketch)">Ghost Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(comics)" title="Medusa (comics)">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Girl_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Moon Girl (Marvel Comics)">Moon Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Ventura" title="Sharon Ventura">Ms. Marvel/She-Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namorita" title="Namorita">Namorita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Frankie_Raye)" title="Nova (Frankie Raye)">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage" title="Luke Cage">Power Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She-Hulk" title="She-Hulk">She-Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Storm (Marvel Comics)">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigra" title="Tigra">Tigra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting cast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_Harkness" title="Agatha Harkness">Agatha Harkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Masters" title="Alicia Masters">Alicia Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpool" title="Deadpool">Deadpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Richards_(character)" title="Franklin Richards (character)">Franklin Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Storm" title="Franklin Storm">Franklin Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(Kallark)" title="Gladiator (Kallark)">Gladiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.E.R.B.I.E." title="H.E.R.B.I.E.">H.E.R.B.I.E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhumans" title="Inhumans">Inhumans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bolt" title="Black Bolt">Black Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(comics)" title="Medusa (comics)">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnak_(comics)" title="Karnak (comics)">Karnak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon_(Inhuman)" title="Gorgon (Inhuman)">Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(comics)" title="Triton (comics)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_(character)" title="Crystal (character)">Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockjaw_(character)" title="Lockjaw (character)">Lockjaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyja" title="Lyja">Lyja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Richards_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Nathaniel Richards (Marvel Comics)">Nathaniel Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer" title="Silver Surfer">Silver Surfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundra" title="Thundra">Thundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Variance_Authority" title="Time Variance Authority">Time Variance Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uatu" title="Uatu">Uatu</a> the <a href="/wiki/Watcher_(comics)" title="Watcher (comics)">Watcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_Richards" title="Valeria Richards">Valeria Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Lumpkin" title="Willie Lumpkin">Willie Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Wingfoot" title="Wyatt Wingfoot">Wyatt Wingfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancy_Street_Gang" title="Yancy Street Gang">Yancy Street Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superhero allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man" title="Ant-Man">Ant-Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant-Man_(Scott_Lang)" title="Ant-Man (Scott Lang)">Scott Lang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(character)" title="Black Panther (character)">Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)" title="Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)">Black Widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)">Daredevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Rider_(Danny_Ketch)" title="Ghost Rider (Danny Ketch)">Ghost Rider/Danny Ketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_(Clint_Barton)" title="Hawkeye (Clint Barton)">Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fantastic_Four_enemies" title="List of Fantastic Four enemies">Enemies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annihilus" title="Annihilus">Annihilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom" title="Doctor Doom">Doctor Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego_the_Living_Planet" title="Ego the Living Planet">Ego the Living Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactus" title="Galactus">Galactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_Man" title="Impossible Man">Impossible Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_the_Conqueror" title="Kang the Conqueror">Kang the Conqueror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaw_(character)" title="Klaw (character)">Klaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Thinker" title="Mad Thinker">Mad Thinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_(character)" title="Maker (character)">Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_(comics)" title="Maximus (comics)">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_Man" title="Mole Man">Mole Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecule_Man" title="Molecule Man">Molecule Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycho-Man" title="Psycho-Man">Psycho-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet_Master_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Puppet Master (Marvel Comics)">Puppet Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ghost_(character)" title="Red Ghost (character)">Red Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronan_the_Accuser" title="Ronan the Accuser">Ronan the Accuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Skrull" title="Super-Skrull">Super-Skrull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Intelligence" title="Supreme Intelligence">Supreme Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrax" title="Terrax">Terrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanos" title="Thanos">Thanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapster" title="Trapster">Trapster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Wizard (Marvel Comics)">Wizard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other supervillains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-Walker" title="Air-Walker">Air-Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attuma" title="Attuma">Attuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awesome_Android" title="Awesome Android">Awesome Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonder" title="Beyonder">Beyonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastaar" title="Blastaar">Blastaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devos_the_Devastator" title="Devos the Devastator">Devos the Devastator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Diablo (Marvel Comics)">Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Electro (Marvel Comics)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firelord_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firelord (comics)">Firelord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviton_(comics)" title="Graviton (comics)">Graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate-Monger" title="Hate-Monger">Hate-Monger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydro-Man" title="Hydro-Man">Hydro-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_(comics)" title="Kala (comics)">Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristoff_Vernard" title="Kristoff Vernard">Kristoff Vernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knull" title="Knull">Knull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Pandemonium" title="Master Pandemonium">Master Pandemonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephisto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mephisto (Marvel Comics)">Mephisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Man" title="Miracle Man">Miracle Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Scratch" title="Nicholas Scratch">Nicholas Scratch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occulus" title="Occulus">Occulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onslaught_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Onslaught (Marvel Comics)">Onslaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmind_(comics)" title="Overmind (comics)">Overmind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paibok" title="Paibok">Paibok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandman_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Sandman (Marvel Comics)">Sandman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Sphinx (Marvel Comics)">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Stardust (Marvel Comics)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Titania (Marvel Comics)">Titania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Idea_Mechanics" title="Advanced Idea Mechanics">A.I.M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Order_(comics)" title="Black Order (comics)">Black Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestials" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestials">Celestials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitauri" title="Chitauri">Chitauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doombot" title="Doombot">Doombots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_(comics)" title="Enclave (comics)">Enclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frightful_Four" title="Frightful Four">Frightful Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kree" title="Kree">Kree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindless_Ones" title="Mindless Ones">Mindless Ones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem%27s_Seven" title="Salem's Seven">Salem's Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrull" title="Skrull">Skrulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrecking_Crew_(comics)" title="Wrecking Crew (comics)">Wrecking Crew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Building" title="Baxter Building">Baxter Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_Plaza" title="Four Freedoms Plaza">Four Freedoms Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latveria" title="Latveria">Latveria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_Zone" title="Negative Zone">Negative Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">Fantastic Four</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Force" title="Fantastic Force">Fantastic Force</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Future_Foundation" title="Future Foundation">FF</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Knights_4" title="Marvel Knights 4">Marvel Knights 4</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Two-in-One" title="Marvel Two-in-One">Marvel Two-in-One</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super-Villain_Team-Up" title="Super-Villain Team-Up">Super-Villain Team-Up</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ben_Grimm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Grimm">The Thing</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four:_1234" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantastic Four: 1234">Fantastic Four: 1234</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four:_The_End" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantastic Four: The End">Fantastic Four: The End</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_and_the_Fantastic_Four" title="Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four">Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />continuities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doom_2099" title="Doom 2099">Doom 2099</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Five" title="Fantastic Five">Fantastic Five</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four:_Unstable_Molecules" title="Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules">Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_2099" title="Fantastic Four 2099">Fantastic Four 2099</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_1602:_Fantastick_Four" title="Marvel 1602: Fantastick Four">Marvel 1602: Fantastick Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superman/Fantastic_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="Superman/Fantastic Four">Superman/Fantastic Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Fantastic_Four" title="Ultimate Fantastic Four">Ultimate Fantastic Four</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Galactus_Trilogy" title="The Galactus Trilogy">The Galactus Trilogy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Man..._This_Monster!" title="This Man... This Monster!">This Man... This Monster!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Days_of_Future_Present" title="Days of Future Present">Days of Future Present</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Reckoning_War" title="Reckoning War">Reckoning War</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Contest_of_Chaos" title="Contest of Chaos">Contest of Chaos</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A.X.E.:_Judgment_Day" title="A.X.E.: Judgment Day">A.X.E.: Judgment Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_Hunt_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Blood Hunt (Marvel Comics)">Blood Hunt</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom%27s_Fearfall" title="Doctor Doom's Fearfall">Doctor Doom's Fearfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantastic Four Incorporated">Fantastic Four Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fantastic_Four_in_popular_media" title="Template:Fantastic Four in popular media">Fantastic Four in popular media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasticar" title="Fantasticar">Fantasticar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Foundation" title="Future Foundation">Future Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultimate_Fantastic_Four_story_arcs" title="List of Ultimate Fantastic Four story arcs">Ultimate Fantastic Four story arcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstable_molecules" class="mw-redirect" title="Unstable molecules">Unstable molecules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fantastic_Four" title="Category:Fantastic Four">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hercules_(Marvel_Comics)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hercules" title="Template:Hercules"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hercules" title="Template talk:Hercules"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hercules" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hercules"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hercules_(Marvel_Comics)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hercules (Marvel Comics)">Hercules (Marvel Comics)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Cho" title="Amadeus Cho">Amadeus Cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo (Marvel Comics)">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis (Marvel Comics)">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Athena (Marvel Comics)">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphyne_Gorgon" title="Delphyne Gorgon">Delphyne Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebe (Marvel Comics)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hermes (Marvel Comics)">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Neptune (Marvel Comics)">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Prometheus (Marvel Comics)">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Venus (Marvel Comics)">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Zeus (Marvel Comics)">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatsu-Mikaboshi_(character)" title="Amatsu-Mikaboshi (character)">Amatsu-Mikaboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ares (Marvel Comics)">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femizons" title="Femizons">Femizons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/She-Hulk_(Lyra)" title="She-Hulk (Lyra)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundra" title="Thundra">Thundra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hera (Marvel Comics)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecate (Marvel Comics)">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hippolyta (Marvel Comics)">Hippolyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsman_(Cephalus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntsman (Cephalus)">Huntsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(comics)" title="Minotaur (comics)">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Pluto (Marvel Comics)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhon_(comics)" title="Typhon (comics)">Typhon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comic books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hercules" title="The Incredible Hercules">The Incredible Hercules</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaos_War" title="Chaos War">Chaos War</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympians_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Olympians (Marvel Comics)">Olympians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Love_and_Thunder" title="Thor: Love and Thunder">Thor: Love and Thunder</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Howling_Commandos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Howling_Commandos" title="Template:Howling Commandos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Howling_Commandos" title="Template talk:Howling Commandos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Howling_Commandos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Howling Commandos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Howling_Commandos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Howling_Commandos" title="Howling Commandos">Howling Commandos</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Original members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_Dum_Dugan" title="Dum Dum Dugan">Dum Dum Dugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Jones" title="Gabe Jones">Gabe Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Ralston" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebel Ralston">Rebel Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Manelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dino Manelli">Dino Manelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Juniper" title="Junior Juniper">Junior Juniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Pinkerton" title="Pinky Pinkerton">Pinky Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Koenig" title="Eric Koenig">Eric Koenig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Quartermain" title="Clay Quartermain">Clay Quartermain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Monster_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics)">Frankenstein's Monster (clone version)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla-Man" title="Gorilla-Man">Gorilla-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_by_Night" title="Vampire by Night">Vampire by Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Kantu,_the_Living_Mummy" title="N'Kantu, the Living Mummy">N'Kantu the Living Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwolf_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Warwolf (Marvel Comics)">Warwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_(comics)" title="Zombie (comics)">Zombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Thing" title="Man-Thing">Man-Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glob_(comics)" title="Glob (comics)">Glob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Orrgo">Orrgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit-Monkey" title="Hit-Monkey">Hit-Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Sitwell" title="Jasper Sitwell">Jasper Sitwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manphibian" title="Manphibian">Manphibian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Sam_Sawyer" title="Happy Sam Sawyer">Happy Sam Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Carter" title="Peggy Carter">Peggy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiklah" title="Shiklah">Shiklah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Barnes" title="Bucky Barnes">Bucky Barnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opponents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnim_Zola" title="Arnim Zola">Arnim Zola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Strucker" title="Baron Strucker">Baron Strucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Zemo" title="Heinrich Zemo">Baron Zemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler_in_popular_culture" title="Adolf Hitler in popular culture">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">HYDRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Hydra" title="Madame Hydra">Madame Hydra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viper_(Madame_Hydra)" title="Viper (Madame Hydra)">Viper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin (Marvel Comics)">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skull" title="Red Skull">Red Skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Fury_and_his_Howling_Commandos" title="Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos">Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Fury_%26_his_Howling_Commandos:_Shotgun_Opera" title="Sgt. Fury & his Howling Commandos: Shotgun Opera">Shotgun Opera</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury%27s_Howling_Commandos" title="Nick Fury's Howling Commandos">Nick Fury's Howling Commandos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Howling_Commandos_of_S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Howling Commandos of S.H.I.E.L.D.">Howling Commandos of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Deadpool_and_the_Howling_Commandos" title="Mrs. Deadpool and the Howling Commandos">Mrs. Deadpool and the Howling Commandos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Savage_and_his_Leatherneck_Raiders" title="Captain Savage and his Leatherneck Raiders">Captain Savage and his Leatherneck Raiders</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Combat_Kelly_and_the_Deadly_Dozen" title="Combat Kelly and the Deadly Dozen">Combat Kelly and the Deadly Dozen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leatherneck_Raiders" title="Leatherneck Raiders">Leatherneck Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howling_Commandos_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howling Commandos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Howling Commandos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monsters_in_Marvel_Comics" title="List of monsters in Marvel Comics">Monsters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Howling_Commandos" title="Category:Howling Commandos">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hulk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hulk" title="Template:Hulk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hulk" title="Template talk:Hulk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hulk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hulk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hulk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hulk family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk / Bruce Banner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil_Hulk" title="Devil Hulk">Immortal Hulk / Devil Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilt_Hulk" title="Guilt Hulk">Guilt Hulk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She-Hulk" title="She-Hulk">She-Hulk / Jennifer Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skaar_(character)" title="Skaar (character)">Skaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hulk" title="Red Hulk">Red Hulk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Ross" title="Thunderbolt Ross">Thunderbolt Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maverick" title="Robert Maverick">Robert Maverick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Jones_(character)" title="Rick Jones (character)">A-Bomb / Rick Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She-Hulk_(Lyra)" title="She-Hulk (Lyra)">She-Hulk / Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro-Kala" title="Hiro-Kala">Hiro-Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ross" title="Betty Ross">Red She-Hulk / Harpy / Red Harpy / Betty Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Cho" title="Amadeus Cho">Hulk / Brawn / Amadeus Cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_H" title="Weapon H">Weapon H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hulk_supporting_characters#Allies" title="List of Hulk supporting characters">Supporting<br />characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Flight" title="Alpha Flight">Alpha Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereet" title="Bereet">Bereet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ross" title="Betty Ross">Betty Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_(comics)" title="Defenders (comics)">Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Samson" title="Doc Samson">Doc Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpool" title="Deadpool">Deadpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine Banner">Elaine Banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Corps" title="Gamma Corps">Gamma Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorian" title="Glorian">Glorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarella" title="Jarella">Jarella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wilson_(comics)" title="Jim Wilson (comics)">Jim Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlo_Chandler" title="Marlo Chandler">Marlo Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Pantheon (Marvel Comics)">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Banner" title="Rebecca Banner">Rebecca Banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hulk" title="Red Hulk">Red Hulk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Ross" title="Thunderbolt Ross">Thunderbolt Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maverick" title="Robert Maverick">Robert Maverick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasquatch_(comics)" title="Sasquatch (comics)">Sasquatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Brigade" title="Teen Brigade">Teen Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warbound" class="mw-redirect" title="Warbound">Warbound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caiera" class="mw-redirect" title="Caiera">Caiera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elloe_Kaifi" title="Elloe Kaifi">Elloe Kaifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroim" title="Hiroim">Hiroim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korg_(character)" title="Korg (character)">Korg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miek" title="Miek">Miek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-Name_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="No-Name (character)">No-Name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superhero allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Flight" title="Alpha Flight">Alpha Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)" title="Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)">Black Widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_(comics)" title="Defenders (comics)">Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Strange" title="Doctor Strange">Doctor Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpool" title="Deadpool">Deadpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_(Clint_Barton)" title="Hawkeye (Clint Barton)">Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hercules (Marvel Comics)">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hulk" title="Red Hulk">Red Hulk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Ross" title="Thunderbolt Ross">Thunderbolt Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maverick" title="Robert Maverick">Robert Maverick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer" title="Silver Surfer">Silver Surfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Valkyrie (Marvel Comics)">Valkyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hulk_supporting_characters#Enemies" title="List of Hulk supporting characters">Enemies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Main enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_(character)" title="Abomination (character)">Abomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absorbing_Man" title="Absorbing Man">Absorbing Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-Beast" title="Bi-Beast">Bi-Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(comics)" title="Gargoyle (comics)">Gargoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Talbot" title="Glenn Talbot">Glenn Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glob_(comics)" title="Glob (comics)">Glob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilt_Hulk" title="Guilt Hulk">Guilt Hulk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brian_Banner" title="Brian Banner">Brian Banner</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggernaut_(character)" title="Juggernaut (character)">Juggernaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_(character)" title="Leader (character)">Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madman_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Madman (Marvel Comics)">Madman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_(character)" title="Maestro (character)">Maestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hulk" title="Red Hulk">Red Hulk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Ross" title="Thunderbolt Ross">Thunderbolt Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maverick" title="Robert Maverick">Robert Maverick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_(character)" title="Rhino (character)">Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringmaster_(comics)" title="Ringmaster (comics)">Ringmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendigo_(comics)" title="Wendigo (comics)">Wendigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zzzax" title="Zzzax">Zzzax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Group enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Idea_Mechanics" title="Advanced Idea Mechanics">A.I.M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Circus of Crime">Circus of Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_(comics)" title="Enclave (comics)">Enclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femizons" title="Femizons">Femizons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulkbusters" title="Hulkbusters">Hulkbusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_Squad_(comics)" title="Riot Squad (comics)">Riot Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Empire_(organization)" title="Secret Empire (organization)">Secret Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Serpent" title="Sons of the Serpent">Sons of the Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Super-Soldiers" title="Soviet Super-Soldiers">Soviet Super-Soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolts_(comics)" title="Thunderbolts (comics)">Thunderbolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Foes" title="U-Foes">U-Foes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Guard_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Guard (comics)">Winter Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal (Marvel Comics)">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constrictor_(character)" title="Constrictor (character)">Constrictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Spayre" title="D'Spayre">D'Spayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devastator_(comics)" title="Devastator (comics)">Devastator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_Hulk" title="Devil Hulk">Devil Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_Fang_Foom" title="Fin Fang Foom">Fin Fang Foom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flux (comics)">Flux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gog (Marvel Comics)">Gog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldbug_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldbug (comics)">Gold Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlin_(comics)" title="Gremlin (comics)">Gremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Gargoyle" title="Grey Gargoyle">Grey Gargoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilt_Hulk" title="Guilt Hulk">Guilt Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_Anvil_(comics)" title="Hammer and Anvil (comics)">Hammer and Anvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It!_The_Living_Colossus" title="It! The Living Colossus">It! The Living Colossus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ryker" title="John Ryker">John Ryker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Shrike" title="Killer Shrike">Killer Shrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaatu_(comics)" title="Klaatu (comics)">Klaatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Bull" title="Man-Bull">Man-Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_Master_(comics)" title="Metal Master (comics)">Metal Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(comics)" title="Minotaur (comics)">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_Link_(comics)" title="Missing Link (comics)">Missing Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Hyde_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mister Hyde (Marvel Comics)">Mister Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODOK" title="MODOK">MODOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karla_Sofen" title="Karla Sofen">Moonstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyklop" title="Psyklop">Psyklop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffball_Collective" title="Puffball Collective">Puffball Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravage_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ravage (Marvel Comics)">Ravage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaper_of_Worlds" title="Shaper of Worlds">Shaper of Worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Adaptoid" title="Super-Adaptoid">Super-Adaptoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Neutral rivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathlok" title="Deathlok">Deathlok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Samson" title="Doc Samson">Doc Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femizons" title="Femizons">Femizons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thundra" title="Thundra">Thundra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pym" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Pym">Giant-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hercules (Marvel Comics)">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Talbot" title="Glenn Talbot">Glenn Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man%27s_armor" title="Iron Man's armor">Hulkbuster suit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hulk" title="Red Hulk">Red Hulk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_Ross" title="Thunderbolt Ross">Thunderbolt Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maverick" title="Robert Maverick">Robert Maverick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabra (comics)">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasquatch_(comics)" title="Sasquatch (comics)">Sasquatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_(Carmilla_Black)" title="Scorpion (Carmilla Black)">Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing_(comics)" title="Thing (comics)">Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolts_(comics)" title="Thunderbolts (comics)">Thunderbolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulk_in_other_media" title="Hulk in other media">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1978_TV_series)" title="The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i> (1977–1982) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Incredible_Hulk_(1978_TV_series)_episodes" title="List of The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series) episodes">episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk:_Original_Soundtrack_Recording" title="The Incredible Hulk: Original Soundtrack Recording">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_Returns" title="The Incredible Hulk Returns">The Incredible Hulk Returns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_the_Incredible_Hulk" title="The Trial of the Incredible Hulk">The Trial of the Incredible Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_Incredible_Hulk" title="The Death of the Incredible Hulk">The Death of the Incredible Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/She-Hulk:_Attorney_at_Law" title="She-Hulk: Attorney at Law">She-Hulk: Attorney at Law</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvel_Super_Heroes" title="The Marvel Super Heroes">The Marvel Super Heroes</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1982_TV_series)" title="The Incredible Hulk (1982 TV series)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i> (1982–1983) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Incredible_Hulk_characters" title="List of The Incredible Hulk characters">characters</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1996_TV_series)" title="The Incredible Hulk (1996 TV series)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i> (1996–1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulk_and_the_Agents_of_S.M.A.S.H." title="Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.">Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hulk_and_the_Agents_of_S.M.A.S.H._episodes" title="List of Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episodes">episodes</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulk_in_other_media" title="Hulk in other media">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulk_(film)" title="Hulk (film)">Hulk</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(film)" title="The Incredible Hulk (film)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i> (2008) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(soundtrack)" title="The Incredible Hulk (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Animated_Features" title="Marvel Animated Features">Marvel Animated Features</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heroes_United" title="Heroes United">Iron Man and Hulk: Heroes United</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulk:_Where_Monsters_Dwell" title="Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell">Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_featuring_the_Hulk" title="List of video games featuring the Hulk">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Questprobe_featuring_The_Hulk" title="Questprobe featuring The Hulk">Questprobe featuring The Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1994_video_game)" title="The Incredible Hulk (1994 video game)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk:_The_Pantheon_Saga" title="The Incredible Hulk: The Pantheon Saga">The Pantheon Saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulk_(video_game)" title="Hulk (video game)">Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(2003_video_game)" title="The Incredible Hulk (2003 video game)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk:_Ultimate_Destruction" title="The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction">Ultimate Destruction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(2008_video_game)" title="The Incredible Hulk (2008 video game)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i> (2008) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(Nintendo_DS_video_game)" title="The Incredible Hulk (Nintendo DS video game)">Nintendo DS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hulk_titles" title="List of Hulk titles">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(comic_book)" title="The Incredible Hulk (comic book)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulk_Comic" title="Hulk Comic">Hulk Comic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulk:_The_End" title="Hulk: The End">The End</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulk:_The_Manga" title="Hulk: The Manga">The Manga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_to_Astonish" title="Tales to Astonish">Tales to Astonish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rampaging_Hulk" title="The Rampaging Hulk">The Rampaging Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/5_Ronin" title="5 Ronin">5 Ronin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Immortal_Hulk_(comic_book)" title="The Immortal Hulk (comic book)">The Immortal Hulk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Planet_Hulk" title="Planet Hulk">Planet Hulk</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/World_War_Hulk" title="World War Hulk">World War Hulk</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Hulks" title="Fall of the Hulks">Fall of the Hulks</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/World_War_Hulks" title="World War Hulks">World War Hulks</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_Hunt_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Blood Hunt (Marvel Comics)">Blood Hunt</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_the_Hulk" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative versions of the Hulk">Alternative versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_(character)" title="Maestro (character)">Maestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_(Ultimate_Marvel_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulk (Ultimate Marvel character)">Ultimate Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Banner_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Bruce Banner (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_2099" title="Hulk 2099">Hulk 2099</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Cash" title="Tyrone Cash">Tyrone Cash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(comic_strip)" title="The Incredible Hulk (comic strip)"><i>The Incredible Hulk</i> (comic strip)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_Hands" title="Hulk Hands">Hulk Hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_Coaster" title="The Incredible Hulk Coaster">The Incredible Hulk Coaster</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulks" title="The Incredible Hulks">The Incredible Hulks</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_Classics" title="Hulk Classics">Hulk Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysterical_strength" title="Hysterical strength">Hysterical strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monsters_in_Marvel_Comics" title="List of monsters in Marvel Comics">Monsters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></b> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hulk_(comics)" title="Category:Hulk (comics)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inhumans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inhumans" title="Template:Inhumans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inhumans" title="Template talk:Inhumans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inhumans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inhumans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inhumans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inhumans" title="Inhumans">Inhumans</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inhuman_(comics)" title="Inhuman (comics)">Inhuman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_the_Inhumans" title="Death of the Inhumans">Death of the Inhumans</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Son_of_M" title="Son of M">Son of M</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_War" title="Silent War">Silent War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Invasion" title="Secret Invasion">Secret Invasion: Inhumans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_of_Kings" title="War of Kings">War of Kings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Kings" title="Realm of Kings">Realm of Kings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infinity_(comic_book)" title="Infinity (comic book)">Infinity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inhumanity_(comics)" title="Inhumanity (comics)">Inhumanity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_II" title="Civil War II">Civil War II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inhumans_vs._X-Men" title="Inhumans vs. X-Men">Inhumans vs. X-Men</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Inhumans" title="List of Inhumans">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bolt" title="Black Bolt">Black Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_(character)" title="Crystal (character)">Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon_(Inhuman)" title="Gorgon (Inhuman)">Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnak_(comics)" title="Karnak (comics)">Karnak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockjaw_(character)" title="Lockjaw (character)">Lockjaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_(comics)" title="Maximus (comics)">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(comics)" title="Medusa (comics)">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(comics)" title="Triton (comics)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jolen_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jolen (comics)">Jolen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Blizzard (Marvel Comics)">Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante_Pertuz)" title="Inferno (Dante Pertuz)">Inferno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Iron Cross (Marvel Comics)">Iron Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Johnson" title="Daisy Johnson">Daisy Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lash_(comics)" title="Lash (comics)">Lash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maelstrom_(comics)" title="Maelstrom (comics)">Maelstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Girl_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Moon Girl (Marvel Comics)">Moon Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Khan" title="Kamala Khan">Ms. Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synapse_(comics)" title="Synapse (comics)">Synapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_(comics)" title="Toro (comics)">Toro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_(2008_team)" title="Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)">Guardians of the Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kree" title="Kree">Kree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noh-Varr" title="Noh-Varr">Marvel Boy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quicksilver_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Quicksilver (Marvel Comics)">Quicksilver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer" title="Silver Surfer">Silver Surfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uatu" title="Uatu">Uatu</a> the <a href="/wiki/Watcher_(comics)" title="Watcher (comics)">Watcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annihilus" title="Annihilus">Annihilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_(comics)" title="Maximus (comics)">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastaar" title="Blastaar">Blastaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_(comics)" title="Enclave (comics)">Enclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactus" title="Galactus">Galactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi%27ar" title="Shi'ar">Shi'ar Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Vulcan (Marvel Comics)">Vulcan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrull" title="Skrull">Skrulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanos" title="Thanos">Thanos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inhumans_(TV_series)" title="Inhumans (TV series)">Inhumans</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inhumans_premiere" title="Inhumans premiere">premiere</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agents_of_S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.">Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iron_Man" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iron_Man" title="Template:Iron Man"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iron_Man" title="Template talk:Iron Man"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iron_Man" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iron Man"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iron_Man" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Heck" title="Don Heck">Don Heck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Lieber" title="Larry Lieber">Larry Lieber</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Iron Man family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_Potts" title="Pepper Potts">Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Machine" title="War Machine">War Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom" title="Doctor Doom">Doctor Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironheart_(character)" title="Ironheart (character)">Ironheart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Supporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)" title="Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)">Black Widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Cabe" title="Bethany Cabe">Bethany Cabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_(comics)" title="Force (comics)">Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F.R.I.D.A.Y." title="F.R.I.D.A.Y.">F.R.I.D.A.Y.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardsman_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardsman (comics)">Guardsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Hill" title="Maria Hill">Maria Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Hogan_(character)" title="Happy Hogan (character)">Happy Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_(Clint_Barton)" title="Hawkeye (Clint Barton)">Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.A.R.V.I.S." title="J.A.R.V.I.S.">J.A.R.V.I.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Jarvis" title="Edwin Jarvis">Edwin Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_Potts" title="Pepper Potts">Pepper Potts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Stark" title="Arno Stark">Arno Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Stark" title="Howard Stark">Howard Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Stark" title="Maria Stark">Maria Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Abomination" title="Teen Abomination">Teen Abomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Watson" title="Mary Jane Watson">Mary Jane Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Yinsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Yinsen">Ho Yinsen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Avengers_(comics)" title="The New Avengers (comics)">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Avengers" title="The Mighty Avengers">Mighty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Works" title="Force Works">Force Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_(2008_team)" title="Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)">Guardians of the Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminati_(comics)" title="Illuminati (comics)">Illuminati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iron_Man_enemies" title="List of Iron Man enemies">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Main enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Black Knight (Marvel Comics)">Black Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Blizzard (Marvel Comics)">Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controller_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Controller (Marvel Comics)">Controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Dynamo" title="Crimson Dynamo">Crimson Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_Fang_Foom" title="Fin Fang Foom">Fin Fang Foom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebrand_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Firebrand (Marvel Comics)">Firebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ghost (Marvel Comics)">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Hammer" title="Justin Hammer">Justin Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Monger" title="Iron Monger">Iron Monger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrich_Killian" title="Aldrich Killian">Aldrich Killian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Laser" title="Living Laser">Living Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Masque" title="Madame Masque">Madame Masque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(character)" title="Mandarin (character)">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melter" title="Melter">Melter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODOK" title="MODOK">MODOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_(comics)" title="Raiders (comics)">Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spymaster_(character)" title="Spymaster (character)">Spymaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeke_Stane" title="Zeke Stane">Zeke Stane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_Man" title="Titanium Man">Titanium Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimo_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ultimo (Marvel Comics)">Ultimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Unicorn (Marvel Comics)">Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiplash_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Whiplash (Marvel Comics)">Whiplash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Idea_Mechanics" title="Advanced Idea Mechanics">A.I.M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ani-Men" title="Ani-Men">Ani-Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggia_(comics)" title="Maggia (comics)">Maggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxxon_Energy_Corporation" title="Roxxon Energy Corporation">Roxxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Rings_(organization)" title="Ten Rings (organization)">Ten Rings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal (Marvel Comics)">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Bain" title="Sunset Bain">Sunset Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Jenkins" title="Abner Jenkins">Beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Brothers_(comics)" title="Blood Brothers (comics)">Blood Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boomerang (character)">Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm_(comics)" title="Brothers Grimm (comics)">Brothers Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistro" title="Chemistro">Chemistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cord" title="Edwin Cord">Edwin Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Nefaria" title="Count Nefaria">Count Nefaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Cowl_(Justine_Hammer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimson Cowl (Justine Hammer)">Crimson Cowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusher_(comics)" title="Crusher (comics)">Crusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Steel" title="Detroit Steel">Detroit Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearson_DeWitt" title="Kearson DeWitt">Kearson DeWitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Diablo (Marvel Comics)">Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom" title="Doctor Doom">Doctor Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadknight" title="Dreadknight">Dreadknight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firepower_(comics)" title="Firepower (comics)">Firepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixer_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Fixer (Marvel Comics)">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Tiger_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)">Flying Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(Melvin_Potter)" title="Gladiator (Melvin Potter)">Gladiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Gargoyle" title="Grey Gargoyle">Grey Gargoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Griffin (Marvel Comics)">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardsman_(character)" title="Guardsman (character)">Guardsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_(comics)" title="Kala (comics)">Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Lucifer (Marvel Comics)">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magma_(Jonathan_Darque)" title="Magma (Jonathan Darque)">Magma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Bull" title="Man-Bull">Man-Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauler_(comics)" title="Mauler (comics)">Mauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas_(comics)" title="Midas (comics)">Midas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitro (comics)">Nitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Osborn" title="Norman Osborn">Norman Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Man_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive Man (Marvel Comics)">Radioactive Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (Marvel Comics)">Scarecrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shockwave_(comics)" title="Shockwave (comics)">Shockwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stark" title="Morgan Stark">Morgan Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Adaptoid" title="Super-Adaptoid">Super-Adaptoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunturion" title="Sunturion">Sunturion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technovore" title="Technovore">Technovore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Abomination" title="Teen Abomination">Teen Abomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultron" title="Ultron">Ultron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Unicorn (Marvel Comics)">Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlwind_(comics)" title="Whirlwind (comics)">Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong-Chu" title="Wong-Chu">Wong-Chu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iron_Man_titles" title="List of Iron Man titles">Comic books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_and_Sub-Mariner" title="Iron Man and Sub-Mariner">Iron Man and Sub-Mariner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(comic_book)" title="Iron Man (comic book)">Iron Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man:_Enter_the_Mandarin" title="Iron Man: Enter the Mandarin">Enter the Mandarin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infamous_Iron_Man" title="Infamous Iron Man">Infamous Iron Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invincible_Iron_Man_(comics)" title="The Invincible Iron Man (comics)">The Invincible Iron Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_vs._Whiplash" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Man vs. Whiplash">Iron Man vs. Whiplash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Demon_in_a_Bottle" title="Demon in a Bottle">Demon in a Bottle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doomquest" title="Doomquest">Doomquest</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Armor_Wars" title="Armor Wars">Armor Wars</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Extremis" title="Extremis">Extremis</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Civil_War_(comics)" title="Civil War (comics)">Civil War</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Civil_War_II" title="Civil War II">Civil War II</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_2020_(event)" title="Iron Man 2020 (event)">Iron Man 2020</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Contest_of_Chaos" title="Contest of Chaos">Contest of Chaos</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Marvel" title="Ultimate Marvel">Ultimate Marvel</a> series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Iron_Man" title="Ultimate Iron Man">Ultimate Iron Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Human" title="Ultimate Human">Ultimate Human</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Comics:_Armor_Wars" title="Ultimate Comics: Armor Wars">Ultimate Comics: Armor Wars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Comics:_Iron_Man" title="Ultimate Comics: Iron Man">Ultimate Comics: Iron Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_in_other_media" title="Iron Man in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marvel Cinematic Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Stark_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Tony Stark / Iron Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man%27s_armor_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Iron Man's armor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">armor</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(2008_film)" title="Iron Man (2008 film)">Iron Man</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(soundtrack)" title="Iron Man (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_2" title="Iron Man 2">Iron Man 2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_2_(soundtrack)" title="Iron Man 2 (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_3" title="Iron Man 3">Iron Man 3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_3_(soundtrack)" title="Iron Man 3 (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Animated_Features" title="Marvel Animated Features">Marvel Animated Features</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man:_Rise_of_Technovore" title="Iron Man: Rise of Technovore">Iron Man: Rise of Technovore</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvel_Super_Heroes" title="The Marvel Super Heroes">The Marvel Super Heroes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(TV_series)" title="Iron Man (TV series)">Iron Man</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iron_Man_episodes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Iron Man episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man:_Armored_Adventures" title="Iron Man: Armored Adventures">Iron Man: Armored Adventures</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iron_Man:_Armored_Adventures_episodes" title="List of Iron Man: Armored Adventures episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(anime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Man (anime)">Iron Man</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marvel_Anime_episodes#Iron_Man" title="List of Marvel Anime episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_and_X-O_Manowar_in_Heavy_Metal" title="Iron Man and X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal">Iron Man / X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invincible_Iron_Man_(video_game)" title="The Invincible Iron Man (video game)">The Invincible Iron Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(video_game)" title="Iron Man (video game)">Iron Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_2_(video_game)" title="Iron Man 2 (video game)">Iron Man 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_3:_The_Official_Game" title="Iron Man 3: The Official Game">Iron Man 3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_VR" title="Iron Man VR">Iron Man VR</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_Experience" title="Iron Man Experience">Iron Man Experience</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man#Alternate_versions" title="Iron Man">Alternative versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_2020" title="Iron Man 2020">Iron Man 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(Ultimate_Marvel_character)" title="Iron Man (Ultimate Marvel character)">Ultimate Iron Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stark_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Stark Mansion">Stark Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_Tower" title="Stark Tower">Stark Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man%27s_armor" title="Iron Man's armor">Armor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Spider" title="Iron Spider">Iron Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Legion" title="Iron Legion">Iron Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Patriot" title="Iron Patriot">Iron Patriot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Lad" title="Iron Lad">Iron Lad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_Industries" title="Stark Industries">Stark Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man:_The_Armored_Avenger" title="Iron Man: The Armored Avenger">Iron Man: The Armored Avenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Machine_in_other_media" title="War Machine in other media">War Machine in other media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Rhodes_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="James Rhodes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">James Rhodes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Iron_Man" title="Category:Iron Man">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_New_Gods" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Gods" title="Template:New Gods"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Gods" title="Template talk:New Gods"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Gods" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Gods"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_New_Gods" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Gods" title="New Gods">The New Gods</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Genesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekka" title="Bekka">Bekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Barda" title="Big Barda">Big Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forager_(character)" title="Forager (character)">Forager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forever_People" title="Forever People">Forever People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highfather" title="Highfather">Highfather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightray_(character)" title="Lightray (character)">Lightray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(character)" title="Orion (character)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle" title="Mister Miracle">Mister Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takion" title="Takion">Takion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apokolips</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkseid" title="Darkseid">Darkseid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSaad" title="DeSaad">DeSaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devilance" title="Devilance">Devilance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Bedlam" title="Doctor Bedlam">Doctor Bedlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Furies" title="Female Furies">Female Furies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernadeth" title="Bernadeth">Bernadeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashina" title="Lashina">Lashina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Harriet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Harriet">Mad Harriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stompa" title="Stompa">Stompa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Godfrey" title="Glorious Godfrey">Glorious Godfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granny_Goodness" title="Granny Goodness">Granny Goodness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayven" title="Grayven">Grayven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalibak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalibak">Kalibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanto_(comics)" title="Kanto (comics)">Kanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantis_(DC_Comics)" title="Mantis (DC Comics)">Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parademon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parademon">Parademons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_(character)" title="Steppenwolf (character)">Steppenwolf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_(DC_Extended_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppenwolf (DC Extended Universe)">DC Extended Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virman_Vundabar" title="Virman Vundabar">Virman Vundabar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Racer_(DC_Comics)" title="Black Racer (DC Comics)">Black Racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity-Man" title="Infinity-Man">Infinity-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metron_(character)" title="Metron (character)">Metron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Miracle_(Shilo_Norman)" title="Mister Miracle (Shilo Norman)">Shilo Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(comics)" title="Oberon (comics)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Sumo" title="Sonny Sumo">Sonny Sumo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Gods#SettingNew_Genesis" title="New Gods">New Gods#SettingNew Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apokolips" title="Apokolips">Apokolips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_(comics)" title="Fourth World (comics)">Jack Kirby's Fourth World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Darkness_Saga" title="The Great Darkness Saga">The Great Darkness Saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legends_(comics)" title="Legends (comics)">Legends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Odyssey_(comics)" title="Cosmic Odyssey (comics)">Cosmic Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(DC_Comics)" title="Genesis (DC Comics)">Genesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Countdown_to_Final_Crisis" title="Countdown to Final Crisis">Countdown to Final Crisis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_the_New_Gods" title="Death of the New Gods">Death of the New Gods</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Final_Crisis" title="Final Crisis">Final Crisis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Friends:_The_Legendary_Super_Powers_Show" title="Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show">Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show</a></i> (1984–1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Super_Powers_Team:_Galactic_Guardians" title="The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians">The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians</a></i> (1985–1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superman/Batman:_Apocalypse" title="Superman/Batman: Apocalypse">Superman/Batman: Apocalypse</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallville_(season_10)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallville (season 10)"><i>Smallville</i> (season 10)</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_Online" title="DC Universe Online">DC Universe Online</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder%27s_Justice_League" title="Zack Snyder's Justice League">Zack Snyder's Justice League</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Life_Equation" title="Anti-Life Equation">Anti-Life Equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(comics)" title="Eternals (comics)">Eternals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Box" title="Mother Box">Mother Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(comics)" title="Source (comics)">The Source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nick_Fury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nick_Fury" title="Template:Nick Fury"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nick_Fury" title="Template talk:Nick Fury"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nick_Fury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nick Fury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nick_Fury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury_Jr." title="Nick Fury Jr.">Nick Fury Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikel_Fury" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikel Fury">Mikel Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Fury" class="mw-redirect" title="Jake Fury">Jake Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Chang" title="Monica Chang">Monica Chang-Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentina_Allegra_de_Fontaine" title="Valentina Allegra de Fontaine">Valentina Allegra de Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_Dum_Dugan" title="Dum Dum Dugan">Dum Dum Dugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Jones" title="Gabe Jones">Gabe Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Ralston" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebel Ralston">Rebel Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Juniper" title="Junior Juniper">Junior Juniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Pinkerton" title="Pinky Pinkerton">Pinky Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Koenig" title="Eric Koenig">Eric Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher" title="Punisher">Punisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Sam_Sawyer" title="Happy Sam Sawyer">Happy Sam Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carter" title="Sharon Carter">Sharon Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Sitwell" title="Jasper Sitwell">Jasper Sitwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Hill" title="Maria Hill">Maria Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Barnes" title="Bucky Barnes">Bucky Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)" title="Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)">Black Widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_(Clint_Barton)" title="Hawkeye (Clint Barton)">Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Quartermain" title="Clay Quartermain">Clay Quartermain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_(comics)" title="Falcon (comics)">Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockingbird_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mockingbird (Marvel Comics)">Mockingbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Idea_Mechanics" title="Advanced Idea Mechanics">A.I.M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Strucker" title="Baron Strucker">Baron Strucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Zemo" title="Baron Zemo">Baron Zemo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Zemo" title="Heinrich Zemo">Heinrich Zemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Zemo" title="Helmut Zemo">Helmut Zemo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurius" title="Centurius">Centurius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixer_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Fixer (Marvel Comics)">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate-Monger" title="Hate-Monger">Hate-Monger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Hydra" title="Madame Hydra">Madame Hydra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viper_(Madame_Hydra)" title="Viper (Madame Hydra)">Viper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentallo" title="Mentallo">Mentallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Carson" title="Mitchell Carson">Mitchell Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skull" title="Red Skull">Red Skull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Scorpio (Marvel Comics)">Scorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Patriot_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Super-Patriot (Marvel Comics)">Super-Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Strucker" title="Werner von Strucker">Werner von Strucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howling_Commandos" title="Howling Commandos">Howling Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Warriors_(Team_White)" title="Secret Warriors (Team White)">Team White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nick_Fury_comics" title="List of Nick Fury comics">Comics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Fury_and_his_Howling_Commandos" title="Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos">Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury,_Agent_of_S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.">Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury,_Agent_of_S.H.I.E.L.D._(feature)" title="Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (feature)">1965 feature</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Warriors_(2009_series)" title="Secret Warriors (2009 series)">Secret Warriors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury%27s_Howling_Commandos" title="Nick Fury's Howling Commandos">Nick Fury's Howling Commandos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury_(comic_book)" title="Nick Fury (comic book)">Nick Fury</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miniseries <br />and storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury_vs._S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D.">Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury_of_S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Fury of S.H.I.E.L.D.">Fury of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury/Agent_13" title="Fury/Agent 13">Fury/Agent 13</a></i></li> <li>Ennis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fury_(2001_series)" title="Fury (2001 series)"><i>Fury</i> <small>(2001)</small></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury:_Peacemaker" title="Fury: Peacemaker">Fury: Peacemaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury:_My_War_Gone_By" title="Fury: My War Gone By">Fury: My War Gone By</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_1959" title="Avengers 1959">Avengers 1959</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Scars_(comic_book)" title="Battle Scars (comic book)">Battle Scars</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury,_Agent_of_Nothing" title="Nick Fury, Agent of Nothing">Nick Fury, Agent of Nothing</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Original_Sin_(comics)" title="Original Sin (comics)">Original Sin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury%27s_Big_Week" title="Fury's Big Week">Fury's Big Week</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Graphic novels <br />and one-shots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fury_(1994_one-shot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fury (1994 one-shot)"><i>Fury</i> <small>(1994)</small></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury:_S.H.I.E.L.D._50th_Anniversary" title="Fury: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary">Fury: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine/Nick_Fury_trilogy" title="Wolverine/Nick Fury trilogy">Wolverine/Nick Fury</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine/Nick_Fury:_The_Scorpio_Connection" title="Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection">The Scorpio Connection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_Bloody_Choices" title="Wolverine: Bloody Choices">Bloody Choices</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine/Nick_Fury:_Scorpio_Rising" title="Wolverine/Nick Fury: Scorpio Rising">Scorpio Rising</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nick%27s_World" title="Nick's World">Nick's World</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury/Black_Widow:_Death_Duty" title="Fury/Black Widow: Death Duty">Fury/Black Widow: Death Duty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_Nick_Fury:_Blood_Truce" title="Captain America and Nick Fury: Blood Truce">Captain America and Nick Fury: Blood Truce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_and_Nick_Fury:_The_Otherworld_War" title="Captain America and Nick Fury: The Otherworld War">Captain America and Nick Fury: The Otherworld War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Fury_%26_his_Howling_Commandos:_Shotgun_Opera" title="Sgt. Fury & his Howling Commandos: Shotgun Opera">Sgt. Fury & his Howling Commandos: Shotgun Opera</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fury_(2023_one-shot)" title="Fury (2023 one-shot)"><i>Fury</i> <small>(2023)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury_in_other_media" title="Nick Fury in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury:_Agent_of_S.H.I.E.L.D._(film)" title="Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (film)">Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury,_Agent_of_S.H.I.E.L.D.:_Empyre" title="Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Empyre">Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Empyre</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Your_Eye_Only" title="For Your Eye Only">For Your Eye Only</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Nick Fury (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Nick Fury (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_Model_Decoy" title="Life Model Decoy">Life Model Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Anger" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirk Anger">Dirk Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales" title="Strange Tales">Strange Tales</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury_(Ultimate_Marvel_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Fury (Ultimate Marvel character)">Ultimate Nick Fury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nick_Fury" title="Category:Nick Fury">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Peggy_Carter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peggy_Carter" title="Template:Peggy Carter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peggy_Carter" title="Template talk:Peggy Carter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peggy_Carter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peggy Carter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peggy_Carter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Carter" title="Peggy Carter">Peggy Carter</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Hank Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Stark" title="Howard Stark">Howard Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Jarvis" title="Edwin Jarvis">Edwin Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howling_Commandos" title="Howling Commandos">Howling Commandos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dum_Dum_Dugan" title="Dum Dum Dugan">Dum Dum Dugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Juniper" title="Junior Juniper">Junior Juniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Morita" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Morita">Jim Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Pinkerton" title="Pinky Pinkerton">Pinky Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Sam_Sawyer" title="Happy Sam Sawyer">Happy Sam Sawyer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carter" title="Sharon Carter">Sharon Carter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(comics)" title="Hydra (comics)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Faustus (comics)">Johann Fennhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Leviathan (Marvel Comics)">Leviathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Masque" title="Madame Masque">Whitney Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Black Widow (Marvel Comics)">Dottie Underwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agent_Carter:_S.H.I.E.L.D._50th_Anniversary" title="Agent Carter: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary">Agent Carter: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_S.I.N." title="Operation S.I.N.">Operation S.I.N.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agent_Carter_(film)" title="Agent Carter (film)">Marvel One Shot: Agent Carter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agent_Carter_(TV_series)" title="Agent Carter (TV series)">Marvel's Agent Carter</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Agent_Carter_characters" title="List of Agent Carter characters">characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agent_Carter_season_1" title="Agent Carter season 1">season 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agent_Carter_season_2" title="Agent Carter season 2">season 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Carter_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Peggy Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Peggy Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Peggy_Carter" title="Category:Peggy Carter">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Silver_Surfer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Silver_Surfer" title="Template:Silver Surfer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Silver_Surfer" title="Template talk:Silver Surfer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Silver_Surfer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Silver Surfer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Silver_Surfer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer" title="Silver Surfer">Silver Surfer</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Warlock" title="Adam Warlock">Adam Warlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-Walker" title="Air-Walker">Air-Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Masters" title="Alicia Masters">Alicia Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Ray_Bill" title="Beta Ray Bill">Beta Ray Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drax_the_Destroyer" title="Drax the Destroyer">Drax the Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternals_(comics)" title="Eternals (comics)">Eternals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firelord_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firelord (comics)">Firelord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactus" title="Galactus">Galactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_(2008_team)" title="Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)">Guardians of the Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Watch" title="Infinity Watch">Infinity Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantis_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mantis (Marvel Comics)">Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Richard_Rider)" title="Nova (Richard Rider)">Nova (Richard Rider)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Frankie_Raye)" title="Nova (Frankie Raye)">Nova (Frankie Raye)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pip_the_Troll" title="Pip the Troll">Pip the Troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalla-Bal" title="Shalla-Bal">Shalla-Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Stardust (Marvel Comics)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starjammers" title="Starjammers">Starjammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uatu" title="Uatu">Uatu</a> the <a href="/wiki/Watcher_(comics)" title="Watcher (comics)">Watcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annihilus" title="Annihilus">Annihilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Order_(comics)" title="Black Order (comics)">Black Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastaar" title="Blastaar">Blastaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(character)" title="Carnage (character)">Carnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_of_the_Universe" title="Champion of the Universe">Champion of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_(character)" title="Collector (character)">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar-Benn" title="Dar-Benn">Dar-Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Doom" title="Doctor Doom">Doctor Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego_the_Living_Planet" title="Ego the Living Planet">Ego the Living Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elders_of_the_Universe" title="Elders of the Universe">Elders of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactus" title="Galactus">Galactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Grandmaster (Marvel Comics)">Grandmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Evolutionary" title="High Evolutionary">High Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knull" title="Knull">Knull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korvac" title="Korvac">Korvac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kree" title="Kree">Kree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephisto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mephisto (Marvel Comics)">Mephisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Sun_(character)" title="Midnight Sun (character)">Midnight Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morg" title="Morg">Morg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_(character)" title="Nebula (character)">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obliterator_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obliterator (comics)">Obliterator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Possessor_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Possessor (comics)">Possessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptyl" title="Reptyl">Reptyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronan_the_Accuser" title="Ronan the Accuser">Ronan the Accuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shift_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Shift (comics)">Red Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrulls" class="mw-redirect" title="Skrulls">Skrulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stranger (comics)">Stranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Skrull" title="Super-Skrull">Super-Skrull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Intelligence" title="Supreme Intelligence">Supreme Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrax" title="Terrax">Terrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanos" title="Thanos">Thanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrant_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrant (Marvel Comics)">Tyrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Group affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annihilators_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Annihilators (Marvel Comics)">Annihilators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_(comics)" title="Defenders (comics)">Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heralds_of_Galactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Heralds of Galactus">Heralds of Galactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(comics)" title="The Order (comics)">The Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles and storylines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer_(comic_book)" title="Silver Surfer (comic book)"><i>Silver Surfer</i> (comic book)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annihilation_(comics)" title="Annihilation (comics)">Annihilation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">Fantastic Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Galactus_Trilogy" title="The Galactus Trilogy">The Galactus Trilogy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heroes_Reborn_(1996_comic)" title="Heroes Reborn (1996 comic)">Heroes Reborn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Infinity_Gauntlet" title="The Infinity Gauntlet">The Infinity Gauntlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Fantastic_Four" title="Ultimate Fantastic Four">Ultimate Fantastic Four</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer_(video_game)" title="Silver Surfer (video game)"><i>Silver Surfer</i> (1990 video game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Surfer_(TV_series)" title="Silver Surfer (TV series)"><i>Silver Surfer</i> (1998 animated series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four:_Rise_of_the_Silver_Surfer" title="Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer">Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer</a></i> (film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four:_Rise_of_the_Silver_Surfer_(video_game)" title="Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (video game)"><i>Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer</i> (video game)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Cosmic" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Cosmic">Power Cosmic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surfing_with_the_Alien" title="Surfing with the Alien">Surfing with the Alien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_Cosmic" title="The Power Cosmic">The Power Cosmic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Template:Thor (Marvel Comics)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Template talk:Thor (Marvel Comics)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thor (Marvel Comics)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor (Marvel Comics)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Lieber" title="Larry Lieber">Larry Lieber</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_(Marvel_Comics)_supporting_characters" title="List of Thor (Marvel Comics) supporting characters">Supporting<br />characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela (comics)">Angela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_Avengers" title="Uncanny Avengers">Uncanny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balder_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balder (comics)">Balder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Ray_Bill" title="Beta Ray Bill">Beta Ray Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitri_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eitri (comics)">Eitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freya_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freya (character)">Freya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigga_(character)" title="Frigga (character)">Frigga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_(2008_team)" title="Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)">Guardians of the Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdall_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimdall (comics)">Heimdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugin_and_Munin_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugin and Munin (Marvel Comics)">Hugin and Munin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrimhari" title="Hrimhari">Hrimhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelda_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelda (comics)">Kelda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Foster" title="Jane Foster">Jane Foster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Foster_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Jane Foster (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Loki (Marvel Comics)">Loki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loki_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Odin (comics)">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympians_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Olympians (Marvel Comics)">Olympians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hercules (Marvel Comics)">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Zeus (Marvel Comics)">Zeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sif_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sif (comics)">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Girl" title="Thor Girl">Thor Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderstrike_(comics)" title="Thunderstrike (comics)">Thunderstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyr_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Tyr (Marvel Comics)">Tyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrior" title="Valkyrior">Valkyrior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Valkyrie (Marvel Comics)">Valkyrie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warriors_Three" title="Warriors Three">Warriors Three</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fandral" title="Fandral">Fandral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogun" title="Hogun">Hogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstagg" title="Volstagg">Volstagg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_(Marvel_Comics)_enemies" title="List of Thor (Marvel Comics) enemies">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorbing_Man" title="Absorbing Man">Absorbing Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatsu-Mikaboshi_(character)" title="Amatsu-Mikaboshi (character)">Amatsu-Mikaboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ares (Marvel Comics)">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodaxe_(character)" title="Bloodaxe (character)">Bloodaxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobra_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Cobra (Marvel Comics)">Cobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desak" title="Desak">Desak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_(Thor)" title="Destroyer (Thor)">Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego_the_Living_Planet" title="Ego the Living Planet">Ego the Living Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanters_Three" title="Enchanters Three">Enchanters Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchantress_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Enchantress (Marvel Comics)">Enchantress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executioner_(character)" title="Executioner (character)">Executioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firelord_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firelord (comics)">Firelord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorr_the_God_Butcher" title="Gorr the God Butcher">Gorr the God Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Gargoyle" title="Grey Gargoyle">Grey Gargoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hela_(character)" title="Hela (character)">Hela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufey_(character)" title="Laufey (character)">Laufey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Loki (Marvel Comics)">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorelei_(Asgardian)" title="Lorelei (Asgardian)">Lorelei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malekith_the_Accursed" title="Malekith the Accursed">Malekith the Accursed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-Beast" title="Man-Beast">Man-Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangog" title="Mangog">Mangog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midgard_Serpent_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Midgard Serpent (Marvel Comics)">Midgard Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(comics)" title="Minotaur (comics)">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Hyde_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mister Hyde (Marvel Comics)">Mister Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongoose_(comics)" title="Mongoose (comics)">Mongoose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Man_(comics)" title="Radioactive Man (comics)">Radioactive Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnarok_(comics)" title="Ragnarok (comics)">Ragnarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_(character)" title="Serpent (character)">Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtur_(character)" title="Surtur (character)">Surtur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulik" title="Ulik">Ulik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrecking_Crew_(comics)" title="Wrecking Crew (comics)">Wrecking Crew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulldozer_(character)" title="Bulldozer (character)">Bulldozer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piledriver_(character)" title="Piledriver (character)">Piledriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(character)" title="Thunderball (character)">Thunderball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrecker_(comics)" title="Wrecker (comics)">Wrecker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymir_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Ymir (Marvel Comics)">Ymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarrko" title="Zarrko">Zarrko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mjolnir_(comics)" title="Mjolnir (comics)">Mjolnir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mjolnir_and_Stormbreaker" title="Mjolnir and Stormbreaker">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norn_Stones" title="Norn Stones">Norn Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thor_titles" title="List of Thor titles">Bibliography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Mystery" title="Journey into Mystery">Journey into Mystery</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Blood_Oath" title="Thor: Blood Oath">Thor: Blood Oath</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Son_of_Asgard" title="Thor: Son of Asgard">Thor: Son of Asgard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Vikings" title="Thor: Vikings">Thor: Vikings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Comics:_Thor" title="Ultimate Comics: Thor">Ultimate Comics: Thor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Realms" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Realms">War of the Realms</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)_in_other_media" title="Thor (Marvel Comics) in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvel_Super_Heroes" title="The Marvel Super Heroes">The Marvel Super Heroes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_Returns" title="The Incredible Hulk Returns">The Incredible Hulk Returns</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Animated_Features" title="Marvel Animated Features">Marvel Animated Features</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor_(film)" title="Thor (film)">Thor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(soundtrack)" title="Thor (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_The_Dark_World" title="Thor: The Dark World">Thor: The Dark World</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor:_The_Dark_World_(soundtrack)" title="Thor: The Dark World (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Team_Thor" title="Team Thor">Team Thor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Ragnarok" title="Thor: Ragnarok">Thor: Ragnarok</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Ragnarok_(soundtrack)" title="Thor: Ragnarok (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Love_and_Thunder" title="Thor: Love and Thunder">Thor: Love and Thunder</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Love_and_Thunder_(soundtrack)" title="Thor: Love and Thunder (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_God_of_Thunder" title="Thor: God of Thunder">Thor: God of Thunder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor:_Son_of_Asgard_(video_game)" title="Thor: Son of Asgard (video game)">Thor: Son of Asgard</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motion comic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thor_%26_Loki:_Blood_Brothers" title="Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers">Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Alternative versions of Thor (Marvel Comics)">Alternative versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Ultimate_Marvel_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thor (Ultimate Marvel character)">Ultimate Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Thor Odinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Foster_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Jane Foster (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Jane Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Loki Laufeyson/Odinson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor in Norse mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_in_comics" title="Thor in comics">Thor in comics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asgardians_of_the_Galaxy" title="Asgardians of the Galaxy">Asgardians of the Galaxy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgard_(comics)" title="Asgard (comics)">Asgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Dwarves (Marvel Comics)">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elves_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Elves (Marvel Comics)">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Variance_Authority" title="Time Variance Authority">Time Variance Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Category:Thor (Marvel Comics)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="X-Men" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:X-Men" title="Template:X-Men"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:X-Men" title="Template talk:X-Men"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:X-Men" title="Special:EditPage/Template:X-Men"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="X-Men" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-Men_members" title="List of X-Men members">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-Men_enemies" title="List of X-Men enemies">Enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-Men_comics" title="List of X-Men comics">Titles</a></li> <li>Creators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founding members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beast_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Beast (Marvel Comics)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Cyclops (Marvel Comics)">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceman_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Iceman (Marvel Comics)">Iceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Grey" title="Jean Grey">Jean Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_X" title="Professor X">Professor X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Worthington_III" title="Warren Worthington III">Warren Worthington III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armor_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Armor (Marvel Comics character)">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(comics)" title="Aurora (comics)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshee_(character)" title="Banshee (character)">Banshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Braddock" title="Betsy Braddock">Betsy Braddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Bishop (Marvel Comics)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blink_(character)" title="Blink (character)">Blink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabitha_Smith" title="Tabitha Smith">Boom-Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_(character)" title="Cable (character)">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannonball_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Cannonball (Marvel Comics)">Cannonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Reyes" title="Cecilia Reyes">Cecilia Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_(character)" title="Chamber (character)">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sydney" title="Kevin Sydney">Changeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak_and_Dagger_(characters)" title="Cloak and Dagger (characters)">Cloak and Dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossus_(character)" title="Colossus (character)">Colossus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypher_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Cypher (Marvel Comics)">Cypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(character)" title="Darwin (character)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazzler_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Dazzler (Marvel Comics)">Dazzler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Nemesis" title="Doctor Nemesis">Doctor Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_(character)" title="Domino (character)">Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestar_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Firestar (Marvel Comics character)">Firestar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge_(character)" title="Forge (character)">Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Cargill" title="Joanna Cargill">Frenzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Gambit (Marvel Comics)">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentle_(character)" title="Gentle (character)">Gentle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Havok (comics)">Havok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepzibah_(comics)" title="Hepzibah (comics)">Hepzibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Summers_(character)" title="Hope Summers (character)">Hope Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husk_(comics)" title="Husk (comics)">Husk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(John_Proudstar)" title="Thunderbird (John Proudstar)">John Proudstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee (Marvel Comics)">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggernaut_(character)" title="Juggernaut (character)">Juggernaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Khan" title="Kamala Khan">Kamala Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_(character)" title="Karma (character)">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Pryde" title="Kitty Pryde">Kate Pryde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Quire" title="Quentin Quire">Kid Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwannon_(character)" title="Kwannon (character)">Kwannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Mastermind" title="Lady Mastermind">Lady Mastermind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-23" title="X-23">Laura Kinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Legion (Marvel Comics)">Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeguard_(comics)" title="Lifeguard (comics)">Lifeguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_(character)" title="Lockheed (character)">Lockheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshot_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Longshot (Marvel Comics)">Longshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Jeffries" title="Madison Jeffries">Madison Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggott" title="Maggott">Maggott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magik" title="Magik">Magik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magma_(comics)" title="Magma (comics)">Magma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magneto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Magneto (Marvel Comics)">Magneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrow_(character)" title="Marrow (character)">Marrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimic_(comics)" title="Mimic (comics)">Mimic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Moonstar" title="Danielle Moonstar">Mirage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_(Marvel_Comics)" title="M (Marvel Comics)">Monet St. Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Madrox" title="Jamie Madrox">Multiple Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystique_(character)" title="Mystique (character)">Mystique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(Neal_Shaara)" title="Thunderbird (Neal Shaara)">Neal Shaara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcrawler_(character)" title="Nightcrawler (character)">Nightcrawler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northstar_(character)" title="Northstar (character)">Northstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Logan" title="Old Man Logan">Old Man Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karima_Shapandar" title="Karima Shapandar">Omega Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie_(X-Men)" title="Pixie (X-Men)">Pixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Polaris (Marvel Comics)">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodigy_(David_Alleyne)" title="Prodigy (David Alleyne)">Prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Summers" title="Rachel Summers">Rachel Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Rogue (Marvel Comics)">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabretooth_(character)" title="Sabretooth (character)">Sabretooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Sage (Marvel Comics)">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyro_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Pyro (Marvel Comics)">Pyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(comics)" title="Slipstream (comics)">Slipstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacy_X" title="Stacy X">Stacy X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Storm (Marvel Comics)">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunfire_(comics)" title="Sunfire (comics)">Sunfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunspot_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Sunspot (Marvel Comics)">Sunspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sway_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sway (comics)">Sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synch_(comics)" title="Synch (comics)">Synch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oya_(comics)" title="Oya (comics)">Temper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinary_(comics)" title="Trinary (comics)">Trinary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Vulcan (Marvel Comics)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlock_(New_Mutants)" title="Warlock (New Mutants)">Warlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warpath_(comics)" title="Warpath (comics)">Warpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Frost" title="Emma Frost">White Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsbane_(character)" title="Wolfsbane (character)">Wolfsbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nate_Grey" title="Nate Grey">X-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xorn" title="Xorn">Xorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Avalon (Marvel Comics)">Avalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_X" title="District X">District X/Mutant Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosha" title="Genosha">Genosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madripoor" title="Madripoor">Madripoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murderworld_(comics)" title="Murderworld (comics)">Murderworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Land" title="Savage Land">Savage Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Mansion" title="X-Mansion">X-Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krakoa" title="Krakoa">Krakoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment and<br />technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackbird_(comics)" title="Blackbird (comics)">Blackbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebro" title="Cerebro">Cerebro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger_Room" title="Danger Room">Danger Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comic books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Flagship titles <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All-New_X-Men" title="All-New X-Men">All-New X-Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_X-Men" title="Amazing X-Men">Amazing X-Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astonishing_X-Men" title="Astonishing X-Men">Astonishing X-Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_X-Men" title="Extraordinary X-Men">Extraordinary X-Men</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_X-Men_(2001_series)" title="New X-Men (2001 series)"><i>New X-Men</i> (2001 series)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">Uncanny X-Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men_(comic_book)" title="X-Men (comic book)">X-Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men_Gold" title="X-Men Gold">X-Men Gold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men_Blue" title="X-Men Blue">X-Men Blue</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men_Red" title="X-Men Red">X-Men Red</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_Legacy" title="X-Men: Legacy">X-Men: Legacy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-Men_comics" title="List of X-Men comics">Others</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_X-Men_limited_series_and_one-shots" title="List of X-Men limited series and one-shots">Limited series and one-shots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X-Men_in_other_media" title="X-Men in other media">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_(film_series)" title="X-Men (film series)">Film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_in_television" title="X-Men in television">In television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Force_Accelatron" title="Storm Force Accelatron">Storm Force Accelatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="X-Men in video games">In video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_Classics_(action_figure)" title="X-Men Classics (action figure)">Toys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krakoan_Age" title="Krakoan Age">Krakoan Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Virus" title="Legacy Virus">Legacy Virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morlocks_(comics)" title="Morlocks (comics)">Morlocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutant_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mutant (Marvel Comics)">Mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registration_Acts_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration Acts (comics)">Mutant Registration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega-level_mutants" title="Omega-level mutants">Omega-level mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Force" title="Phoenix Force">Phoenix Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi%27ar" title="Shi'ar">Shi'ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Technarchy">Technarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Babies" title="X-Babies">X-Babies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men_%2792" title="X-Men '92">X-Men '92</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></b> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:X-Men" title="Category:X-Men">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bill_Finger_Award_for_Excellence_in_Comic_Book_Writing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bill_Finger_Award_for_Excellence_in_Comic_Book_Writing" title="Template:Bill Finger Award for Excellence in Comic Book Writing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Finger_Award_for_Excellence_in_Comic_Book_Writing" title="Template talk:Bill Finger Award for Excellence in Comic Book Writing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bill_Finger_Award_for_Excellence_in_Comic_Book_Writing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bill Finger Award for Excellence in Comic Book Writing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bill_Finger_Award_for_Excellence_in_Comic_Book_Writing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger_Award_for_Excellence_in_Comic_Book_Writing" title="Bill Finger Award for Excellence in Comic Book Writing">Bill Finger Award for Excellence in Comic Book Writing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a>* (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Drake" title="Arnold Drake">Arnold Drake</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a>* (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Schwartz_(comics)" title="Alvin Schwartz (comics)">Alvin Schwartz</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Fox" title="Gardner Fox">Gardner Fox</a>* (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Gladir" title="George Gladir">George Gladir</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archie_Goodwin_(comics)" title="Archie Goodwin (comics)">Archie Goodwin</a>* (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Lieber" title="Larry Lieber">Larry Lieber</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Broome_(writer)" title="John Broome (writer)">John Broome</a>* (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jacobs" title="Frank Jacobs">Frank Jacobs</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Binder" title="Otto Binder">Otto Binder</a>* (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Friedrich" title="Gary Friedrich">Gary Friedrich</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Haney" title="Bob Haney">Bob Haney</a>* (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Del Connell (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Doyle_(writer)" title="Frank Doyle (writer)">Frank Doyle</a>* (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Skeates" title="Steve Skeates">Steve Skeates</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gerber" title="Steve Gerber">Steve Gerber</a>* (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Rosa" title="Don Rosa">Don Rosa</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kanigher" title="Robert Kanigher">Robert Kanigher</a>* (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mantlo" title="Bill Mantlo">Bill Mantlo</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Mendelsohn" title="Jack Mendelsohn">Jack Mendelsohn</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_McGregor" title="Don McGregor">Don McGregor</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_(cartoonist)" title="John Stanley (cartoonist)">John Stanley</a>* (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elliot_S._Maggin" title="Elliot S. Maggin">Elliot S! Maggin</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Hughes" title="Richard E. Hughes">Richard E. Hughes</a>* (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Messner-Loebs" title="William Messner-Loebs">William Messner-Loebs</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a>* (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joye_Hummel" title="Joye Hummel">Joye Murchison Kelly</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Woolfolk" title="Dorothy Woolfolk">Dorothy Roubicek Woolfolk</a>* (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Friedrich" title="Mike Friedrich">Mike Friedrich</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._Nelson_Bridwell" title="E. Nelson Bridwell">E. Nelson Bridwell</a>* (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Hubbell" title="Virginia Hubbell">Virginia Hubbell Bloch</a>* (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Cuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicola Cuti">Nicola Cuti</a>* (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Dorfman" title="Leo Dorfman">Leo Dorfman</a>* (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_DuBois" title="Gaylord DuBois">Gaylord DuBois</a>* (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gill" title="Joe Gill">Joe Gill</a>* (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_Herron" title="France Herron">France Edward Herron</a>* (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernstein_(comics)" title="Robert Bernstein (comics)">Robert Bernstein</a>* (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Toni_Blum" title="Toni Blum">Toni Blum</a>* (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Lockman" title="Vic Lockman">Vic Lockman</a>* (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morales" title="Robert Morales">Robert Morales</a>* (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Newman" title="Paul S. Newman">Paul S. Newman</a>* (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bob White* (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bolling" title="Bob Bolling">Bob Bolling</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Rico" title="Don Rico">Don Rico</a>* (2022)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82;"><div>* Awarded posthumously<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disney_Legends_Awards_(2010s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template talk:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disney_Legends_Awards_(2010s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disney_Legends" title="Disney Legends">Disney Legends Awards</a> (2010s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Benson" title="Jodi Benson">Jodi Benson</a></li> <li>Barton "Bo" Boyd*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Larkin" title="Linda Larkin">Linda Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paige_O%27Hara" title="Paige O'Hara">Paige O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anika_Noni_Rose" title="Anika Noni Rose">Anika Noni Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Salonga" title="Lea Salonga">Lea Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Watson" title="Raymond Watson">Raymond Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Williams_(actor)" title="Guy Williams (actor)">Guy Williams</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita_Granville" title="Bonita Granville">Bonita Granville Wrather</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Wrather" title="Jack Wrather">Jack Wrather</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Baxter" title="Tony Baxter">Tony Baxter</a></li> <li>Collin Campbell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Clark" title="Dick Clark">Dick Clark</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Crystal" title="Billy Crystal">Billy Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodman" title="John Goodman">John Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Keane" title="Glen Keane">Glen Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wynn" title="Ed Wynn">Ed Wynn</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bodenheimer" title="George Bodenheimer">George Bodenheimer</a></li> <li>Julie Reihm Casaletto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Deja" title="Andreas Deja">Andreas Deja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Earle" title="Eyvind Earle">Eyvind Earle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Lucci" title="Susan Lucci">Susan Lucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_Van_Osten" title="Carson Van Osten">Carson Van Osten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Geronimi" title="Clyde Geronimi">Clyde Geronimi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonzales" title="Manuel Gonzales">Manuel Gonzales</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a>*</li> <li>Wayne Jackson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Marshall" title="Garry Marshall">Garry Marshall</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Taymor" title="Julie Taymor">Julie Taymor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_T._Chao" title="Wing T. Chao">Wing T. Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau" title="Jon Favreau">Jon Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Ortega" title="Kenny Ortega">Kenny Ortega</a></li> <li>Barnette Ricci</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(newscaster)" title="Robin Roberts (newscaster)">Robin Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Sawyer" title="Diane Sawyer">Diane Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming-Na_Wen" title="Ming-Na Wen">Ming-Na Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>* Awarded posthumously</small><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Legends" title="Disney Legends">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_1980s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_1990s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2000s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2020s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inkpot_Award_(1970s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template talk:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inkpot_Award_(1970s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> (1970s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_J._Ackerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Forrest J. Ackerman">Forrest J. Ackerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Alyn" title="Kirk Alyn">Kirk Alyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clampett" title="Bob Clampett">Bob Clampett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Foray" title="June Foray">June Foray</a></li> <li>Eric Hoffman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jack Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_R._Lund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William R. Lund (page does not exist)">William R. "Bill" Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Manning" title="Russ Manning">Russ Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Myers" title="Russell Myers">Russell Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles M. Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Seuling" title="Phil Seuling">Phil Seuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjo_Trimble" title="Bjo Trimble">Bjo Trimble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Alfonso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Alfonso (page does not exist)">Barry Alfonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Anderson_(cartoonist)" title="Brad Anderson (cartoonist)">Brad Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Bod%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaughn Bodé">Vaughn Bodé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daws_Butler" title="Daws Butler">Daws Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Butner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Butner (page does not exist)">Richard Butner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shel_Dorf" title="Shel Dorf">Shel Dorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Mark Evanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Light_(comics)" title="Alan Light (comics)">Alan Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Moores" title="Dick Moores">Dick Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Shuster" title="Joe Shuster">Joe Shuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Windsor-Smith" title="Barry Windsor-Smith">Barry Windsor-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Starlin" title="Jim Starlin">Jim Starlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Vincent" title="Larry Vincent">Larry Vincent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Sergio Aragonés">Sergio Aragonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brunner" title="Frank Brunner">Frank Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Griffin" title="Rick Griffin">Rick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hart" title="Johnny Hart">Johnny Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clayton_Johnson" title="George Clayton Johnson">George Clayton Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicky_Kelso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicky Kelso (page does not exist)">Vicky Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mel Lazarus">Mel Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Mayer" title="Sheldon Mayer">Sheldon Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Messick" title="Dale Messick">Dale Messick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ni%C3%B1o" title="Alex Niño">Alex Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Rico" title="Don Rico">Don Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Thompson_(Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Thompson (Comics Buyer's Guide)">Don Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Thompson" title="Maggie Thompson">Maggie Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1977</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Alcala" title="Alfredo Alcala">Alfredo Alcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barks" title="Carl Barks">Carl Barks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._C._Beck" title="C. C. Beck">C. C. Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Chaykin" title="Howard Chaykin">Howard Chaykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Dent" title="Lester Dent">Lester Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Estrada" title="Jackie Estrada">Jackie Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Gibson" title="Walter B. Gibson">Walter "The Shadow" Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Harmon" title="Jim Harmon">Jim Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Henderson (page does not exist)">Gene Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kaluta" title="Michael Kaluta">Michael Kaluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kubert" title="Joe Kubert">Joe Kubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lynde" title="Stan Lynde">Stan Lynde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Preiss" title="Byron Preiss">Byron Preiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Ralph_Ross" title="Stanley Ralph Ross">Stanley Ralph Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Scott_(voice_actor)" title="Bill Scott (voice actor)">Bill Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scroggy" title="David Scroggy">David Scroggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward" title="Jay Ward">Jay Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Wein" title="Len Wein">Len Wein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capp" title="Al Capp">Al Capp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Fox" title="Gill Fox">Gill Fox</a></li> <li>Tom French</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gerber" title="Steve Gerber">Steve Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Gould" title="Chester Gould">Chester Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burne_Hogarth" title="Burne Hogarth">Burne Hogarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Krueger" title="Ken Krueger">Ken Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernie_Lansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernie Lansky (page does not exist)">Bernie Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Morrow" title="Gray Morrow">Gray Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Nash" title="Clarence Nash">Clarence Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Natwick" title="Grim Natwick">Grim Natwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rotsler" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Rotsler">Bill Rotsler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Royer_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Royer (comics)">Mike Royer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sheridan_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Sheridan (artist)">Dave Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Stout" title="Bill Stout">Bill Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thorne" title="Frank Thorne">Frank Thorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vallejo" title="Boris Vallejo">Boris Vallejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Weisinger" title="Mort Weisinger">Mort Weisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Woggon" title="Elmer Woggon">Elmer Woggon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Craig Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Enzenbacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Enzenbacher (page does not exist)">Dale Enzenbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Freas" title="Kelly Freas">Kelly Freas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia French (page does not exist)">Virginia French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Hazelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Hazelton (page does not exist)">Gene Hazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Macek" title="Carl Macek">Carl Macek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Neill" title="Dan O'Neill">Dan O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Partch" title="Virgil Partch">Virgil Partch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Redondo" title="Nestor Redondo">Nestor Redondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rogers" title="Marshall Rogers">Marshall Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr.">John Romita Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Spicer" title="Bill Spicer">Bill Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Walker" title="Mort Walker">Mort Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marv_Wolfman" title="Marv Wolfman">Marv Wolfman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2000s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2010s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/21px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/42px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311607#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116918041">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368607821">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100267886">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/21598/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcwybjMmHjrbgtpfxjcT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130467928">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kirby, Jack"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n77020008">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11909781s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11909781s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01191793">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna2008467200&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4578940">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068939973">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3080593">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810607103105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280427505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508717106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500022980">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/298130">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1449081">Trove</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1445480">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/130467928">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026949970">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6p08xqn">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m066np">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&oldid=1258554200">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kirby&oldid=1258554200</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jack_Kirby" title="Category:Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1917_births" title="Category:1917 births">1917 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1994_deaths" title="Category:1994 deaths">1994 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_artists" title="Category:20th-century American artists">20th-century American artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_writers" title="Category:20th-century American writers">20th-century American writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_anti-fascists" title="Category:American anti-fascists">American anti-fascists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_personnel_of_World_War_II" title="Category:United States Army personnel of World War II">United States Army personnel of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_comics_artists" title="Category:American comics artists">American comics artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_comics_writers" title="Category:American comics writers">American comics writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Austrian-Jewish_descent" title="Category:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent">American people of Austrian-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_storyboard_artists" title="Category:American storyboard artists">American storyboard artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Artists_from_New_York_City" title="Category:Artists from New York City">Artists from New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Atlas_Comics" title="Category:Atlas Comics">Atlas Comics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bill_Finger_Award_winners" title="Category:Bill Finger Award winners">Bill Finger Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bob_Clampett_Humanitarian_Award_winners" title="Category:Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award winners">Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Valley_Oaks_Memorial_Park" title="Category:Burials at Valley Oaks Memorial Park">Burials at Valley Oaks Memorial Park</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:California_Democrats" title="Category:California Democrats">California Democrats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_comic_book_editors" title="Category:American comic book editors">American comic book editors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comic_book_publishers_(people)" title="Category:Comic book publishers (people)">Comic book publishers (people)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:DC_Comics_people" title="Category:DC Comics people">DC Comics people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fleischer_Studios_people" title="Category:Fleischer Studios people">Fleischer Studios people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golden_Age_comics_creators" title="Category:Golden Age comics creators">Golden Age comics creators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inkpot_Award_winners" title="Category:Inkpot Award winners">Inkpot Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_military_personnel" title="Category:Jewish American military personnel">Jewish American military personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_comics_creators" title="Category:Jewish American comics creators">Jewish American comics creators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_anti-fascists" title="Category:Jewish anti-fascists">Jewish anti-fascists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marvel_Comics_people" title="Category:Marvel Comics people">Marvel Comics people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_New_York_City" title="Category:Military personnel from New York City">Military personnel from New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_(state)_Democrats" title="Category:New York (state) Democrats">New York (state) Democrats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Brighton_Beach" title="Category:People from Brighton Beach">People from Brighton Beach</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Lower_East_Side" title="Category:People from the Lower East Side">People from the Lower East Side</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Mineola,_New_York" title="Category:People from Mineola, New York">People from Mineola, New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Thousand_Oaks,_California" title="Category:People from Thousand Oaks, California">People from Thousand Oaks, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pulp_fiction_artists" title="Category:Pulp fiction artists">Pulp fiction artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_science_fiction_artists" title="Category:American science fiction artists">American science fiction artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_Fiction_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="Category:Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees">Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Silver_Age_comics_creators" title="Category:Silver Age comics creators">Silver Age comics creators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_soldiers" title="Category:United States Army soldiers">United States Army soldiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="Category:Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees">Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2024">Use mdy dates from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_October_2016" title="Category:Use American English from October 2016">Use American English from October 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comics_infobox_image_less_alt_text" title="Category:Comics infobox image less alt text">Comics infobox image less alt text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comics_creator_pop" title="Category:Comics creator pop">Comics creator pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_variant_DoB" title="Category:Track variant DoB">Track variant DoB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_variant_DoD" title="Category:Track variant DoD">Track variant DoD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 09:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons 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263.879 51 Template:Cite_book"," 8.19% 212.134 1 Template:Navboxes"," 7.30% 189.301 1 Template:Infobox_comics_creator"," 7.10% 183.937 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.629","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14778013,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#91;interviews\u0026#93;_by_Roy_Thomas_\u0026amp;_Jim_Amash;_introduction_by_Stan_Lee2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbramowitz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBatchelor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeard2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBearman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeerbohm1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerkwits2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiggers2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrady2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBraun1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlin2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCatron1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristiansen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristiansen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristiansen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowsillManning2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCronin2010\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFCronin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowder,_Craig2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniels1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniels1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeFalcoSandersonBrevoortManning2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDean2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan,_RandySmith,_Matthew_J.2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncanSmith2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisner2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEury2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvanier\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEvanier2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvanier2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvanier2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvanierSherman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeiffer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinke2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischer2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFischer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoley2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFritz2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGold,_Glen1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGold1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoulart1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberger2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroth1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey,_R.C.1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfieldSaunders2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowell1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJarett2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJon_B.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKean2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhouryKhoury1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimmelman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirby2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKit,_Borys_and_Matthew_Belloni2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraft,_David_AnthonySlifer,_Roger1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrensky2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLalumière2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarsen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLenteSkillman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitz2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovece1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMack2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkstein2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkstein2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkstein2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkstein2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMillan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelrose2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendryk2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendryk2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMercier2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrison2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrison2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrow,_John2004\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFMorrow1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrow2004\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFMorrowCooke2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNama2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlbrich2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatten2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPauls\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowers2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaphaelSpurgeon2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRo2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRob_Stiebel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSabin2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchedeen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScioli2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimonwith_Simon1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaples2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheakston1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheakston1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheakston2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomasSanderson,_Peter2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_LenteDunlavey2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVirtue2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallaceCowsill2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebster2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWyman1993\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Ant-Man and Wasp\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Avengers\"] = 1,\n [\"Bill Finger Award for Excellence in Comic Book Writing\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Black Panther\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Captain America\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 51,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 65,\n [\"Comicbookdb\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Kirby, Jack\"] = 1,\n [\"Darkseid\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Disney Legends Awards 2010s\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Eternals\"] = 1,\n [\"Etrigan the Demon\"] = 1,\n [\"Fantastic Four\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 1,\n [\"Hatnote group\"] = 1,\n [\"Hercules\"] = 1,\n [\"Howling Commandos\"] = 1,\n [\"Hulk\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 4,\n [\"ISFDB name\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox comics creator\"] = 1,\n [\"Inhumans\"] = 1,\n [\"Inkpot Award 1970s\"] = 1,\n [\"Iron Man\"] = 1,\n [\"Jack Kirby\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Mdash\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"New Gods\"] = 1,\n [\"Nick Fury\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Other people\"] = 1,\n [\"Peggy Carter\"] = 1,\n [\"Portalbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 81,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Silver Surfer\"] = 1,\n [\"Thor\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 3,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 6,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"X-Men\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","20.3"],["?","180","11.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","7.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","6.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","5.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","5.1"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","3.8"],["(for generator)","60","3.8"],["[others]","460","29.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mdz77","timestamp":"20241124160929","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jack 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