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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/County_judge" title="Special:EditPage/County judge">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:County_judge" title="Talk:County judge">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_judge&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:County_judge" title="Talk:County judge">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about Australian county courts.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:County_judge" title="Talk:County judge">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The term <b>county judge</b> is applied as a descriptor, sometimes as a title, for a person who presides over a <a href="/wiki/County_court" title="County court">county court</a>. In most cases, such as in <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Northern_Ireland#County_Court" title="Courts of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_Court_of_Victoria" title="County Court of Victoria">Victorian County Courts</a>, a county judge is a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_officer" title="Judicial officer">judicial officer</a> with <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal</a> jurisdiction. In the United States, however, there are some "County Courts" which exercise primarily administrative functions, in which case the <b>County Judge</b> may exercise largely or solely <a href="/wiki/Executive_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive authority">executive authority</a> and be equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">county executive</a> in other local government areas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_judge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>County Court systems are common in the United States, often led by a County Judge, but with jurisdiction varying between the states, and in many cases carry a mix of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">administrative law</a> functions and <a href="/wiki/Executive_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive authority">executive</a> responsibilities for governing the county. In Missouri, for example, the County Court deals largely with property registration and deeds as well as leading the county – in 1922, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> was elected as one of two County Judges for <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson County, Missouri</a>, becoming the county <a href="/wiki/List_of_county_executives_of_Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="List of county executives of Jackson County, Missouri">presiding judge</a> in 1926, his two elected positions prior to entering the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the United States">United States Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In states like New York,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, the County Courts conduct trials on <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanor</a>, and even some <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</a>, i. e. <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal</a> matters. </p><p>The blurring of executive and judicial functions has developed on a state-by-state basis in response to local needs and so there is little uniformity between states, and even within states at times (differing interactions of <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban</a> / <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipal</a> jurisdictions with each other and with the state government, for example). <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> both have County Courts which are executive agencies, and which thus carry responsibility for funding local courts, jails, and <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff's</a> departments, maintaining county roads, managing local property developments, and levying county-wide property taxes. In other areas, this body is often called a <a href="/wiki/County_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="County Commission">County Commission</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, each county has the similarly-titled elected office of <a href="/wiki/County_Judge/Executive" title="County Judge/Executive">County Judge/Executive</a>, who serves as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> for the vast majority of counties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas">Texas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_judge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Texas, the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Texas" title="Judiciary of Texas">County Courts</a> have <a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction" title="Original jurisdiction">original jurisdiction</a> established under sections 15 to 17 of Article V of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Texas" title="Constitution of Texas">State Constitution</a>. Each of <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Texas's 254 counties</a> has a single County Court, which shall be a "court of record" (section 15) with "jurisdiction as provided by law" (section 16),<sup id="cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TxConstitution-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is exclusive over "Class A" and "Class B" misdemeanors (offenses that can involve jail time), concurrent over civil cases concerning small to moderate amounts, and with appellate jurisdiction over <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">justice of the peace</a> and district / municipal court cases (involving a trial <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_de_novo" title="Trial de novo">de novo</a></i> if the lower court is not a "court of record").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An elected County Judge shall preside over the County Court for a four-year term (section 15) and have "judicial functions as provided by law," who may be replaced in cases of <a href="/wiki/Judicial_disqualification" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial disqualification">judicial disqualification or recusal</a> (section 16).<sup id="cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TxConstitution-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">Juries</a> in criminal trials "shall consist of six persons; but no jury shall be empaneled to try a civil case unless demanded by one of the parties, who shall pay such jury fee therefor, in advance, as may be prescribed by law, unless the party makes affidavit that the party is unable to pay the jury fee" (section 17).<sup id="cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TxConstitution-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the jurisdiction of County Courts and the judicial functions of the County Judge are both limited "by law"<sup id="cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TxConstitution-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their extent is defined by legislative actions. County Judges do not require any formal qualifications in the discipline of law. Most are not qualified to practice law – in 2015, 42 of County Judges (17%) had graduated from <a href="/wiki/Law_school_in_the_United_States" title="Law school in the United States">Law school</a> and only 40 (16%) were <a href="/wiki/Licensed_to_practice_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensed to practice law">licensed to practice law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-at-law_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at-law-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be problematic,<sup id="cite_ref-MarkHenry_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarkHenry-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with a caseload well beyond the capabilities of a single person, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Legislature" title="Texas Legislature">Texas Legislature</a> has created County Courts-at-law where only qualified <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyers</a> may preside, to which many of the judicial responsibilities of the County Judge have been transferred.<sup id="cite_ref-at-law_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-at-law-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual counties are free to strip the County Judge of all judicial responsibilities, but this has not occurred in most places; County Judges undertaking judicial activities draw a supplemental salary, and in 2011 the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i> reported that 85% of counties had judges drawing this stipend. The judicial education officer at the Texas Association of Counties, David Hodges, has noted that the rate of cases being overturned is higher for both the County Courts-at-law and for District Court judges than it is for County Judges.<sup id="cite_ref-MarkHenry_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarkHenry-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some County Judges view the County Courts-at-law as supplements to, rather than replacements of, the County Court's judicial functions and so choose to preside in some criminal matters.<sup id="cite_ref-MarkHenry_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarkHenry-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1stFemale_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stFemale-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="County_Commissioners'_Court"><span id="County_Commissioners.27_Court"></span>County Commissioners' Court</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_judge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: County Commissioners' Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each Texas County is presided over by a <a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioners' Court">Commissioners' Court</a> of four <a href="/wiki/County_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="County Commissioner">County Commissioners</a><sup id="cite_ref-TACCC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TACCC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the County Judge,<sup id="cite_ref-TACCJ_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TACCJ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plus the <a href="/wiki/County_clerk" class="mw-redirect" title="County clerk">County Clerk</a> as a non-voting <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i> member. Despite the terms "Court" and "Judge," the County Commissioners' Court has no judicial function, and although the County Judge presides over its meetings, the County Judge does not render judicial rulings. The Commissioners Court is just the title given in Texas to the county government, and County Judge the title given to the head of county government.<sup id="cite_ref-THO_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THO-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This body is responsible for administration of the county, controlling the county tax rate, the budget for its responsible departments, and exercising oversight over subsidiary boards and commissions.<sup id="cite_ref-TACCC_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TACCC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TAC_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The County Judge presides over meetings<sup id="cite_ref-TACCJ_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TACCJ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has no veto power,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reviews and the court makes decisions by simply majority and is <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorate</a> with three voting members (except for levying tax where four members are required).<sup id="cite_ref-TAC_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, a County Judge is primarily the chief administrator for the county, effectively the <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TAC_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who exercises only limited judicial functions (varying between counties), though retaining the authority to conduct marriages and to conduct administrative hearings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_judge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOshinsky2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Oshinsky" title="David Oshinsky">Oshinsky, David M.</a> (2004). "Harry Truman". In Brinkley, Alan; Dyer, Davis (eds.). <i>The American Presidency</i>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. pp. 365–380. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780618382736" title="Special:BookSources/9780618382736"><bdi>9780618382736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harry+Truman&rft.btitle=The+American+Presidency&rft.pages=365-380&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780618382736&rft.aulast=Oshinsky&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/courts/cts-outside-nyc-COUNTY.shtml">"Courts Outside New York City – County Court"</a>. <i>nycourts.gov</i>. Office of Court Administration, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Unified_Court_System" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Unified Court System">New York State Unified Court System</a>. October 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nycourts.gov&rft.atitle=Courts+Outside+New+York+City+%26ndash%3B+County+Court&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycourts.gov%2Fcourts%2Fcts-outside-nyc-COUNTY.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TxConstitution-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TxConstitution_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/CN/pdf/CN.5.pdf">"Texas Constitution (as amended) – Article 5: Judicial Department"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>statutes.legis.state.tx.us</i>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Texas">State of Texas</a>. pp. 17–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statutes.legis.state.tx.us&rft.atitle=Texas+Constitution+%28as+amended%29+%26ndash%3B+Article+5%3A+Judicial+Department&rft.pages=17-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statutes.legis.state.tx.us%2FDocs%2FCN%2Fpdf%2FCN.5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-at-law-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-at-law_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-at-law_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.txcourts.gov/media/1332585/Judicial-System-Overview-2015.pdf">"Texas Courts: A Descriptive Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>txcourts.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Texas" title="Judiciary of Texas">State of Texas – Judicial Branch</a>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=txcourts.gov&rft.atitle=Texas+Courts%3A+A+Descriptive+Summary&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.txcourts.gov%2Fmedia%2F1332585%2FJudicial-System-Overview-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarkHenry-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MarkHenry_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarkHenry_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarkHenry_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice2011" class="citation news cs1">Rice, Harvey (December 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Galveston-County-judge-s-courtroom-ability-raises-2339313.php">"Galveston County judge's courtroom ability raises concern"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Galveston+County+judge%27s+courtroom+ability+raises+concern&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Farticle%2FGalveston-County-judge-s-courtroom-ability-raises-2339313.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1stFemale-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1stFemale_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinney2014" class="citation news cs1">Swinney, Connie (December 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytrib.com/2014/12/16/outgoing-burnet-llano-county-judges-reflect-service/">"Outgoing Burnet, Llano county judges reflect on service"</a>. <i>DailyTrib.com (formerly the <a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Cities_Tribune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="River Cities Tribune (page does not exist)">River Cities Tribune</a>)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DailyTrib.com+%28formerly+the+River+Cities+Tribune%29&rft.atitle=Outgoing+Burnet%2C+Llano+county+judges+reflect+on+service&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft.aulast=Swinney&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytrib.com%2F2014%2F12%2F16%2Foutgoing-burnet-llano-county-judges-reflect-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TACCC-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TACCC_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TACCC_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://county.org/texas-county-government/texas-county-officials/Pages/County-Commissioner.aspx">"County Commissioner"</a>. <i>county.org</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Association_of_Counties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Association of Counties (page does not exist)">Texas Association of Counties</a>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=county.org&rft.atitle=County+Commissioner&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcounty.org%2Ftexas-county-government%2Ftexas-county-officials%2FPages%2FCounty-Commissioner.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TACCJ-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TACCJ_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TACCJ_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://county.org/texas-county-government/texas-county-officials/Pages/County-Judge.aspx">"County Judge"</a>. <i>county.org</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Association_of_Counties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Association of Counties (page does not exist)">Texas Association of Counties</a>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=county.org&rft.atitle=County+Judge&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcounty.org%2Ftexas-county-government%2Ftexas-county-officials%2FPages%2FCounty-Judge.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THO-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THO_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick_Smith2010" class="citation web cs1">Dick Smith (12 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/muc06">"COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT"</a>. Texas Handbook Online. Texas State Historical Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COUNTY+COMMISSIONERS%27+COURT&rft.series=Texas+Handbook+Online&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.date=2010-06-12&rft.au=Dick+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fmuc06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TAC-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TAC_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAC_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAC_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2016" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, David B. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129083045/https://county.org/member-services/legal-resources/publications/Documents/Guide%20to%20Texas%20Laws%20for%20County%20Officials.pdf">"Guide to Texas Laws for County Officials"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>county.org</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Association_of_Counties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Association of Counties (page does not exist)">Texas Association of Counties</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://county.org/member-services/legal-resources/publications/Documents/Guide%20to%20Texas%20Laws%20for%20County%20Officials.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=county.org&rft.atitle=Guide+to+Texas+Laws+for+County+Officials&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcounty.org%2Fmember-services%2Flegal-resources%2Fpublications%2FDocuments%2FGuide%2520to%2520Texas%2520Laws%2520for%2520County%2520Officials.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassman2015" class="citation book cs1">Glassman, James (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XxYfCgAAQBAJ&dq=county+judge+veto+commissioners%27+court&pg=PA48"><i>The Houstorian Dictionary: An Insider's Index to Houston</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Publishing" title="Arcadia Publishing">Arcadia Publishing</a>. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781625855824" title="Special:BookSources/9781625855824"><bdi>9781625855824</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Houstorian+Dictionary%3A+An+Insider%27s+Index+to+Houston&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781625855824&rft.aulast=Glassman&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXxYfCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcounty%2Bjudge%2Bveto%2Bcommissioners%2527%2Bcourt%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACounty+judge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_judge&oldid=1191745743">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_judge&oldid=1191745743</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension (page does not exist)">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Counties" title="Category:Counties">Counties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Judges" title="Category:Judges">Judges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legal_professions" title="Category:Legal professions">Legal professions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from November 2018">Articles with limited geographic scope from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States-centric" title="Category:United States-centric">United States-centric</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from November 2018">Articles to be expanded from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 December 2023, at 13:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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