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id="toc-British_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Racial_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Racial demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_and_other_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_and_other_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Population and other characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_and_other_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavery_and_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavery_and_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Slavery and economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavery_and_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_period:_Florida_Oriental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_period:_Florida_Oriental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Spanish period: <i>Florida Oriental</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spanish_period:_Florida_Oriental-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spanish period: <i>Florida Oriental</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spanish_period:_Florida_Oriental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_and_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_and_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Population and demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_and_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_governors_of_East_Florida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_governors_of_East_Florida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>List of governors of East Florida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_governors_of_East_Florida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">East Florida</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Усходняя Фларыда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Усходняя Фларыда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Oriental" title="Florida Oriental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Florida Oriental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostflorida" title="Ostflorida – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ostflorida" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Oriental" title="Florida Oriental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Florida Oriental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floride_orientale" title="Floride orientale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Floride orientale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%A4" title="동플로리다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동플로리다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Timur" title="Florida Timur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Florida Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_orientale" title="Florida orientale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Florida orientale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="מזרח פלורידה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזרח פלורידה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%83%80" title="東フロリダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="東フロリダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98st-Florida" title="Øst-Florida – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Øst-Florida" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3rida_Oriental" title="Flórida Oriental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Flórida Oriental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="East Florida" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Восточная Флорида – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восточная Флорида" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96stflorida" title="Östflorida – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Östflorida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Східна Флорида – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Східна Флорида" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Florida" title="Đông Florida – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đông Florida" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BD%9B%E7%BD%97%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE" title="东佛罗里达 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="东佛罗里达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Colony of Great Britain, later of Spain and military government of the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country 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.ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">East Florida</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1763–1822</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_(1707%E2%80%931800).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of East Florida"><img alt="Flag of East Florida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/125px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/188px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/250px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px 0px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> </div> <div>Left: Red Ensign of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a><br />Right: Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">Colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> (1763–1783)<br />Colony of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (1783–1821)<br /><a href="/wiki/Provisional_government" title="Provisional government">Provisional</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (1821–1822)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1763–1784 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 under Britain</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1784–1821 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 under Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1821 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 U.S. military commissioner</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 February, 1763</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Peace of Paris (1783)">Transferred to Spain</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 November 1783</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1821</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Merged into <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Territory of Florida">Territory of Florida</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 March, 1822</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Territory of Florida">Territory of Florida</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281820%E2%80%931822%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281820%E2%80%931822%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281820%E2%80%931822%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281820%E2%80%931822%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281820%E2%80%931822%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281820%E2%80%931822%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>East Florida</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Florida Oriental</i>) was a colony of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> from 1763 to 1783 and a province of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> from 1783 to 1821. The British gained control over <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a> in 1763 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a> that ended the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. Deciding that the colony was too large to administer as a single unit, British officials divided Florida into two colonies separated by the <a href="/wiki/Apalachicola_River" title="Apalachicola River">Apalachicola River</a>: the colony of East Florida, with its capital located in <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>; and <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a>, with its capital located in <a href="/wiki/Pensacola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensacola">Pensacola</a>. East Florida was much larger and comprised the bulk of the former Spanish colony and most of the current <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">state of Florida</a>. It had also been the most populated region of Spanish Florida, but before control was transferred to Britain, most residents – including virtually everyone in St. Augustine – left the territory, with most migrating to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain tried to attract settlers to the two Floridas without much success. The sparsely populated colonies were invited to send representatives to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> but chose not to do so, and they remained loyal to Great Britain during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. However, as part of the 1783 treaty in which Britain officially recognized the independence of thirteen of its former colonies as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, it ceded both Floridas back to Spain, which maintained them as separate colonies while moving the boundary east to the <a href="/wiki/Suwannee_River" title="Suwannee River">Suwannee River</a>. </p><p>By the early 1800s, Spain had proved uninterested in and incapable of organizing or defending either of the two Floridas much beyond the two small capital cities. American settlers moved into the territory without authorization, causing conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Seminoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminoles">Seminoles</a>, a new Native American culture formed by indigenous refugees from the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">American Southeast</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">American military</a> invaded Florida, occupying <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> while East Florida remained in Spanish hands. American settlers in East Florida further weakened Spanish control in 1812 when a group of Americans, mostly from Georgia, calling themselves the "Patriots", declared the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_East_Florida" title="Republic of East Florida">Republic of East Florida</a> at <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Island,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Amelia Island, Florida">Amelia Island</a> with semi-official support from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. government</a>. </p><p>Border disputes between the United States and Seminoles in Florida continued after the war. By 1817, much of Spanish West Florida had been occupied and annexed by the United States over Spanish objections, with the land eventually becoming portions of the states of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>. After a decade of intensifying border disputes and American incursions, Spain ceded both Floridas to the U.S. in the <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a> of 1819. The U.S. officially took possession in 1821; in 1822, all of East Florida and the few remaining portions of West Florida were combined into a single <a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida Territory</a> with borders that closely approximated those of the current state of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_period">British period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: British period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_and_West_Florida_1803_Cary_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/East_and_West_Florida_1803_Cary_Map.png/220px-East_and_West_Florida_1803_Cary_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/East_and_West_Florida_1803_Cary_Map.png/330px-East_and_West_Florida_1803_Cary_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/East_and_West_Florida_1803_Cary_Map.png/440px-East_and_West_Florida_1803_Cary_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>Excerpt of 1803 map by <a href="/wiki/John_Cary" title="John Cary">John Cary</a> showing East and West Florida, limited by the United States' claim to part of Spain-controlled West Florida.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Florida" title="History of Florida">History of Florida</a></div> <p>Under the terms of the 1763 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a>, which ended the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>), Spain ceded <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a> to Britain. At the same time, Britain received all of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a> east of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, with the exception of New Orleans, from France. Determining the new territory too large to administer as one unit, Britain divided its new southeastern acquisitions into two new colonies separated by the <a href="/wiki/Apalachicola_River" title="Apalachicola River">Apalachicola River</a>: East Florida, with its capital in the old Spanish city of <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a>, with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Pensacola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensacola">Pensacola</a>. However, most of the Spanish population departed following the signing of the treaty, with the entirety of St. Augustine emigrating to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The settlement of East Florida was heavily linked in London to the same interests that controlled Nova Scotia. The East Florida Society of London and the Nova Scotia Society of London had many overlapping members, and Council frequently followed their suggestions on the granting of lands to powerful merchant interests in London. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Perhaps it is strange to think of such dissimilar geographic areas with such opposing climates as having much in common. But if one considers naval and military strategy, one can see that these areas have a common significance, especially when viewed from London by the ministry. Halifax (Nova Scotia) was the command post for both the admiral and general in charge of the American forces.... St. Augustine evoked the same strategic considerations. These posts have been described as the two centers of strength to which the British Army was withdrawn in the late 1760s.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFSL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The apportionment of lands in the new colonies fell to the same group of English and Scottish entrepreneurs and merchant interests, led chiefly by the Scottish slave trader <a href="/wiki/Richard_Oswald_(merchant)" title="Richard Oswald (merchant)">Richard Oswald</a> and the British general <a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(British_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Grant (British Army officer)">James Grant</a>, who would later become governor of East Florida. A list of the grantees in both Florida and Canada shows that the plums fell to a well-connected—and inter-connected—group. <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a> barrister Levett Blackborne, grandson of Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Levett" title="Richard Levett">Richard Levett</a>, a powerful merchant and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a>, came in for grants of 20,000 acres (81 km<sup>2</sup>) in both locales, for instance. Other aristocrats, nobles, and merchants did the same. </p><p>The most powerful lubricant between the East Florida speculators and the Nova Scotia speculators was Col. Thomas Thoroton of <a href="/wiki/Flintham" title="Flintham">Flintham</a>, Nottinghamshire. Thoroton, the stepbrother of <a href="/wiki/Levett" title="Levett">Levett</a> Blackborne, had married an illegitimate daughter of the Duke of Rutland and often lived at <a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Castle" title="Belvoir Castle">Belvoir Castle</a>, where he acted as principal agent to the Duke, who, along with his son, the Marquis of Granby, were heavily involved in overseas ventures. Thoroton frequently acted as the go-between for Richard Oswald and James Grant, particularly after those two gave up their Nova Scotia Grants to focus on East Florida, where a drumbeat of steady speculation (particularly from Andrew Turnbull and <a href="/wiki/William_Stork" title="William Stork">William Stork</a>) had fanned the flames of interest in London.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFSL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until March 1781 that the Governor of East Florida, Patrick Tonyn, called elections for a provincial legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>East Florida remained loyal to Great Britain during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. The colony became a haven for <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> refugees and <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">fugitive slaves</a> fleeing to British lines from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Colonies" title="Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American War of Independence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_units_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="List of British units in the American Revolutionary War">several military units</a> were established by Loyalists in East Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Losses_from_Cession_of_East_Florida_Act_1788"></span> Spain participated indirectly in the war as an ally of France and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pensacola_(1781)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pensacola (1781)">captured Pensacola</a> from the British in 1781. In the 1783 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>, which ended the war, the British ceded both Floridas to Spain. The same treaty recognized the independence of the United States, directly to the north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography">Demography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Racial_demographics">Racial demographics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Racial demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the period of British rule in East Florida, the black population came to outnumber the white population in the province by a ratio of 2 to 1. The ratio of blacks to whites in East Florida was lower than in British West Florida but higher than in the other southern British colonies. Those who were white in Florida generally served in the military or worked as overseers, artisans, or merchants. There were very few white yeomen farmers. White residents generally lived in or around St. Augustine with an exception being generally made for overseers and those who resided in <a href="/wiki/New_Smyrna_Beach,_Florida" title="New Smyrna Beach, Florida">New Smyrna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright1976_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright1976-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the poor treatment of <a href="/wiki/Minorcans_of_Florida" title="Minorcans of Florida">Minorcans</a> in New Smyrna, some left for St. Augustine, where a large number of them lived in a section of the city known as the "Minorcan Quarter" or the "Greek Quarter".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Population_and_other_characteristics">Population and other characteristics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Population and other characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is unclear what the population of East Florida was prior to the American Revolution but it is estimated to have had a population of close to 3,000, making it much larger in population than West Florida, which is believed to have had only several hundred residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British tried to encourage settlement in East and West Florida, thinking it would take pressure off the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">proclamation line</a> that colonists in the northern British colonies wanted to move beyond. However, this plan was generally unsuccessful as many of those who got land grants did not end up settling on those lands.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1783 the population of East Florida was about 17,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Peters1961_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters1961-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the American Revolution, East Florida sided with the British and became a loyalist haven.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the end of the Revolution and the handing over of both Floridas to the Spanish, many loyalists were hesitant to leave.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, most of the loyalist and British residents, approximately 10,000 people, left with most of these going to the Bahamas or West Indies and some going to Nova Scotia and England. Another 4,000 people "melted away into the wilderness", with some going as far away as the Mississippi River.<sup id="cite_ref-Peters1961_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters1961-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A town named St. Johns Bluff or St. Johns Town was laid out in 1779 along the St. Johns River. The planned community was the first town to be established on the river.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of those who fled to Florida settled at that town and St. Augustine. St. Johns Bluff became a port and had 300 houses in it by the spring of 1783.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the end of the British period, it was renamed as St. Vincent Ferrer before it was eventually abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A settlement named Rollestown was established by <a href="/wiki/Denys_Rolle_(died_1797)" title="Denys Rolle (died 1797)">Denys Rolle</a> 30 miles (48 km) southeast of St. Augustine,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the east shore of the St. Johns River, south of Deep Creek.<sup id="cite_ref-Schafer2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schafer2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St. Augustine, the capital of the colony, was much smaller and less advanced than the capitals of the other <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCradyBragg2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCradyBragg2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery_and_economics">Slavery and economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Slavery and economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>East Florida did not establish a formal slave code until 1782. Those who were black or of mixed race of European and African origin and could not prove they were free were considered to be slaves. During the American Revolution, many Georgians and Carolinians moved to Florida along with their slaves. The colonial government, along with slave-owners, used slaves to construct defensive fortifications. A militia act that allowed for conscripting slaves as laborers and soldiers was passed in 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goods produced and exported in East Florida included sugar, timber, indigo, rice, naval stores, and barrel staves; most of these goods came from plantations along the St. Marys and St. Johns rivers that used slave labor.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Romans" title="Bernard Romans">Bernard Romans</a> wrote the first account of Spanish <a href="/wiki/Fishing_ranchos" title="Fishing ranchos">fishing ranchos</a> existing along Florida's southwest coast in 1770.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the British took control of Florida, they monitored the fisherman but let them continue their activities. Governor <a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(British_Army_officer,_born_1720)" title="James Grant (British Army officer, born 1720)">James Grant</a> was ordered to stop the fisherman from operating but did not enforce that order. At one point the fishing boats were suspected of being a threat to British control, but a complete review in 1767-68 found they were harmless.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_page_of_East_Florida_Gazette_Vol._1_(no.16).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Front_page_of_East_Florida_Gazette_Vol._1_%28no.16%29.jpg/220px-Front_page_of_East_Florida_Gazette_Vol._1_%28no.16%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Front_page_of_East_Florida_Gazette_Vol._1_%28no.16%29.jpg/330px-Front_page_of_East_Florida_Gazette_Vol._1_%28no.16%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Front_page_of_East_Florida_Gazette_Vol._1_%28no.16%29.jpg/440px-Front_page_of_East_Florida_Gazette_Vol._1_%28no.16%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Front page of the <i>East Florida Gazette</i> (Volume 1, no 16), a pro-loyalist newspaper.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>The East Florida Gazette</i> was a pro-loyalist newspaper that was published weekly in St. Augustine from 1783 to 1784. It was founded by a loyalist printer, John Wells, and his brother, William Charles Wells, who had moved to St. Augustine from <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wroth1994_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wroth1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jasanoff2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jasanoff2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper was printed "'...at the Printing-office in Treasury-lane'"<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the establishment of a newspaper, most news came into St. Augustine through gazettes that were published in <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>, and Charleston.<sup id="cite_ref-McCradyBragg2020_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCradyBragg2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Wells brothers also published two books: <i>Nature and the Principles of Public Credit</i>, by Samuel Gale, along with <i>The Case of the Inhabitants of East Florida</i>, written by John Wells himself.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1783, another printer named David Zubly, who was a loyalist refugee from Savannah, Georgia, printed the first book in the colony, a copy of <a href="/wiki/John_Tobler" title="John Tobler">John Tobler</a>'s <i>Almanack</i>, at his home.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spanish_period:_Florida_Oriental">Spanish period: <i>Florida Oriental</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spanish period: Florida Oriental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_East_and_West_Florida_in_1819.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_East_and_West_Florida_in_1819.jpg/220px-Map_of_East_and_West_Florida_in_1819.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_East_and_West_Florida_in_1819.jpg/330px-Map_of_East_and_West_Florida_in_1819.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_East_and_West_Florida_in_1819.jpg/440px-Map_of_East_and_West_Florida_in_1819.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Map of East and West Florida in 1819, the year that Spain ceded Florida to the United States by the Adams–Onís Treaty (ratified 1821)</figcaption></figure><p> Under Spanish rule, the provinces of East Florida and West Florida initially remained divided by the <a href="/wiki/Apalachicola_River" title="Apalachicola River">Apalachicola River</a>, the boundary established by the British.<sup id="cite_ref-Romans1999_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romans1999-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes1821_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes1821-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Spain moved it eastward to the <a href="/wiki/Suwanee_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwanee River">Suwanee River</a> in 1785.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright1972_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright1972-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_Florida_maps_(%22Territory_of_Florida_Map_1_1820%22).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Historic_Florida_maps_%28%22Territory_of_Florida_Map_1_1820%22%29.gif/220px-Historic_Florida_maps_%28%22Territory_of_Florida_Map_1_1820%22%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Historic_Florida_maps_%28%22Territory_of_Florida_Map_1_1820%22%29.gif/330px-Historic_Florida_maps_%28%22Territory_of_Florida_Map_1_1820%22%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Historic_Florida_maps_%28%22Territory_of_Florida_Map_1_1820%22%29.gif/440px-Historic_Florida_maps_%28%22Territory_of_Florida_Map_1_1820%22%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="1162" /></a><figcaption>"Under Spanish rule, Florida was divided by the natural separation of the Suwanee River into West Florida and East Florida."—<i>University of Florida</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Spain continued to administer East and West Florida as separate provinces. The Spanish offered favorable terms for acquiring land, which attracted many settlers from the newly formed United States. There were several territorial disputes between the U.S. and Spain, some resulting in military action, including the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_War_(Florida)" title="Patriot War (Florida)">Patriot War</a> in 1812 and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Floridas" title="Republic of the Floridas">filibuster</a> at Amelia Island in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An American army under <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> invaded East Florida during the <a href="/wiki/First_Seminole_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Seminole War">First Seminole War</a>. Jackson's forces captured <a href="/wiki/San_Marcos_de_Apalache_Historic_State_Park" title="San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park">San Marcos</a> on 7 April 1818; as well as <a href="/wiki/Fort_Barrancas" title="Fort Barrancas">Fort Barrancas</a> at West Florida's capital, <a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a>, on 24 May 1818. </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>'s Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>, defined the American position on this issue. Adams accused Spain of breaking <a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a> by failing to control the <a href="/wiki/Seminoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminoles">Seminoles</a>. Faced with the prospect of losing control, Spain formally ceded all of its Florida territory to the U.S. under the <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a> in 1819 (ratified in 1821), in exchange for the U.S. ceding its claims on Texas and the U.S. paying any claims its citizens might have against Spain, up to $5,000,000. </p><p>In 1822, the U.S. Congress organized the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida Territory</a>, merging East Florida and the portion of West Florida that had remained under Spanish control until 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1845, Florida was admitted as the 27th state of the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_and_demographics">Population and demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Population and demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the transfer of Florida to Spain, a number of former British subjects decided to stay while some Spaniards came to Florida. St. Augustine had a mix of both residents from the British period and newly arrived Spaniards. The rural areas settled by colonists were described as being "exclusively Anglo".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Spanish period, the population of St. Augustine "hovered" at about 3,000 people, with half of its population being black slaves. There were nine Native American towns in Florida, but those towns were not counted in the 1786 census.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1786, St. Augustine had a population of about 950 people. Three hundred of whom had some degree of African descent whether they were enslaved or not.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the return of the Spanish, the system of plantation agriculture developed in the colony during the British period remained. Although the production levels were not as high as other British colonies, cash crops like indigo, hemp, and rum made in Spanish East Florida led to economic growth there. As a result, St. Augustine became less dependent on the <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Situado" title="Real Situado">royal situado</a></i> (royal financial payments for support). Trade became less restrictive during the second Spanish period as the Spanish monarchies enacted reforms allowing for trade between Spanish and non-Spanish areas, which benefited St. Augustine.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St. Augustine was the largest port on the Atlantic Ocean south of Charleston. Ships would travel often to Charleston, South Carolina and <a href="/wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien" title="Cap-Haïtien">Cap Français</a> in Haiti where goods were traded and crews learned the latest news as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East Florida became economically dependent on the United States after Spain started to align with France and declared war on the British in 1796; as a result British trade largely stopped. Charleston began to surpass Havana as St. Augustine's biggest trading partner while <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> had become trading partners with the city. East Florida exported oranges, lumber and cotton to the United States while fish, grain and foodstuffs were imported from the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spain was concerned about the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a>, fearing that ideas of independence could be spread to their own colonies, including Florida, with Governor Quesada doing his best to follow the Spanish government's policy of prohibiting interactions with French possessions, "...forbidding the introduction of French ideas, books, citizens, or slaves originating from French possessions."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governors">Governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_governors_of_East_Florida">List of governors of East Florida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: List of governors of East Florida"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Term </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Hedges_(Governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hedges (Governor)">John Hedges</a> </td> <td>20 Jul 1763 – 30 Jul 1763 </td> <td>capital at <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a> (acting governor) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ogilvie_(British_Army_officer)" title="Francis Ogilvie (British Army officer)">Francis Ogilvie</a> </td> <td>30 Jul 1763 – 29 Aug 1764 </td> <td>acting governor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Grant (general)">James Grant</a> </td> <td>29 Aug 1764 – 9 May 1771 </td> <td>Considered the inaugural governor. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Moultrie_(politician)" title="John Moultrie (politician)">John Moultrie</a> </td> <td>9 May 1771 – 1 Mar 1774 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Tonyn" title="Patrick Tonyn">Patrick Tonyn</a> </td> <td>1 Mar 1774 – 12 Jul 1784 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Manuel_de_C%C3%A9spedes_y_Velasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Manuel de Céspedes y Velasco">Vicente Manuel de Céspedes y Velasco</a> </td> <td>12 July 1784 – July 1790 </td> <td>capital at <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Nepomuceno_de_Quesada_y_Barnuevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada y Barnuevo">Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada y Barnuevo</a> </td> <td>July 1790 – March 1796 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Morales" title="Bartolomé Morales">Bartolomé Morales</a> </td> <td>March 1796 – June 1796 </td> <td>acting governor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Enrique_White" title="Enrique White">Enrique White</a> </td> <td>June 1796 – March 1811 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_de_Estrada" title="Juan José de Estrada">Juan José de Estrada</a> </td> <td>March 1811 – June 1812 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars#Patriot_War_of_East_Florida_(1812)" title="Seminole Wars">Patriot War</a> with U.S. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Kindel%C3%A1n_y_Oreg%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastián Kindelán y Oregón">Sebastián Kindelán y Oregón</a> </td> <td>June 1812 – June 1815 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars#Patriot_War_of_East_Florida_(1812)" title="Seminole Wars">Patriot War</a> with U.S. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_de_Estrada" title="Juan José de Estrada">Juan José de Estrada</a> </td> <td>June 1815 – January 1816 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Coppinger" title="José María Coppinger">José María Coppinger</a> </td> <td>January 1816 – 10 July 1821 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars#First_Seminole_War" title="Seminole Wars">First Seminole War</a> with U.S. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_East_Florida" title="Republic of East Florida">Republic of East Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Mathews (Georgia)">George Mathews (Georgia)</a>, Patriot War of East Florida (1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_County,_Florida" title="Mosquito County, Florida">Mosquito County, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/foma/learn/historyculture/the-british-period.htm">"The British Period (1763–1784) – Fort Matanzas National Monument"</a>. <i>U.S. National Park Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=The+British+Period+%281763%E2%80%931784%29+%E2%80%93+Fort+Matanzas+National+Monument&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Ffoma%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fthe-british-period.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EFSL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EFSL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EFSL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brokert10.fcla.edu/DLData/CF/FullText/fhq_54_4.txt">The East Florida Society of London, Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. LIV, No. 4, April 1976</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114033012/http://brokert10.fcla.edu/DLData/CF/FullText/fhq_54_4.txt">Archived</a> 14 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1505887/_The_Impact_of_Loyalists_in_British_East_Florida_">The Impact of Loyalists in British East Florida</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410170222/http://www.academia.edu/1505887/_The_Impact_of_Loyalists_in_British_East_Florida_">Archived</a> 10 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirschke2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kirschke, James J. (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/histres/article-abstract/78/200/180/5609751?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"Steps toward nationhood: Henry Laurens (1724–92) and the American Revolution in the South"</a>. <i>Historical Research</i>. <b>78</b> (200): 185. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.2005.00227.x">10.1111/j.1468-2281.2005.00227.x</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Research&rft.atitle=Steps+toward+nationhood%3A+Henry+Laurens+%281724%E2%80%9392%29+and+the+American+Revolution+in+the+South&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=200&rft.pages=185&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.2005.00227.x&rft.aulast=Kirschke&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fhistres%2Farticle-abstract%2F78%2F200%2F180%2F5609751%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright1976-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wright1976_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1976" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, J. Leitch Jr. (April 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol54/iss4/1/">"Blacks in British East Florida"</a>. <i>The Florida Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>54</b> (4): 3–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Florida+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Blacks+in+British+East+Florida&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3-4&rft.date=1976-04&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=J.+Leitch+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstars.library.ucf.edu%2Ffhq%2Fvol54%2Fiss4%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotlik2023" class="citation book cs1">Kotlik, George (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-l3rEAAAQBAJ"><i>East Florida in the Revolutionary Era, 1763–1785</i></a>. University of Georgia Press. pp. 67 & 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58838-538-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58838-538-3"><bdi>978-1-58838-538-3</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Florida+in+the+Revolutionary+Era%2C+1763%E2%80%931785&rft.pages=67+%26+68&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-58838-538-3&rft.aulast=Kotlik&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-l3rEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bauer2010_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer2010" class="citation journal cs1">Bauer, Deborah (Fall 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol89/iss2/3/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"... in a strange place...": The Experiences of British Women during the Colonization of East & West Florida"</a>. <i>The Florida Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>89</b> (2): 145–185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Florida+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%22...+in+a+strange+place...%22%3A+The+Experiences+of+British+Women+during+the+Colonization+of+East+%26+West+Florida&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=145-185&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstars.library.ucf.edu%2Ffhq%2Fvol89%2Fiss2%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMowat1940" class="citation journal cs1">Mowat, Charles (April 1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3739336">"The Land Policy in British East Florida"</a>. <i>Agricultural History</i>. <b>14</b> (2). Agricultural History Society: 75–77. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3739336">3739336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+History&rft.atitle=The+Land+Policy+in+British+East+Florida&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=75-77&rft.date=1940-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3739336%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mowat&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3739336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters1961-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peters1961_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peters1961_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1961" class="citation journal cs1">Peters, Thelma (October 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol40/iss2/3/">"The Loyalist Migration from East Florida to the Bahama Islands"</a>. <i>The Florida Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>40</b> (2). 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Vintage Books. p. 380. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-7547-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-7547-8"><bdi>978-1-4000-7547-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberty%27s+Exiles%3A+American+Loyalists+in+the+Revolutionary+World&rft.pages=380&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-7547-8&rft.aulast=Jasanoff&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuGKsn09oVwQC%26pg%3DPA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMurtrie1944" class="citation journal cs1">McMurtrie, Douglas C. (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2158&context=fhq">"The Beginnings of Printing in Florida"</a>. <i>Florida Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>23</b> (2) – via STARS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Beginnings+of+Printing+in+Florida&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=McMurtrie&rft.aufirst=Douglas+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstars.library.ucf.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2158%26context%3Dfhq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1975" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Linda K. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3402&context=fhq">"East Florida as a Loyalist Haven"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Florida Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>54</b> (4) – via STARS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=East+Florida+as+a+Loyalist+Haven&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Linda+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstars.library.ucf.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3402%26context%3Dfhq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romans1999-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Romans1999_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Romans1999" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Romans (15 November 1999) [1775]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NCV6tH7HeV4C&pg=PA43"><i>A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida</i></a>. University of Alabama Press. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-0876-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-0876-6"><bdi>978-0-8173-0876-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Natural+History+of+East+and+West+Florida&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=1999-11-15&rft.isbn=978-0-8173-0876-6&rft.au=Bernard+Romans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNCV6tH7HeV4C%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes1821-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes1821_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Grant_Forbes1821" class="citation book cs1">James Grant Forbes (1821). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sketcheshistoric00forb"><i>Sketches, Historical and Topographical, of the Floridas: More Particularly of East Florida</i></a>. C.S. Van Winkle. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sketcheshistoric00forb/page/120">120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sketches%2C+Historical+and+Topographical%2C+of+the+Floridas%3A+More+Particularly+of+East+Florida&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=C.S.+Van+Winkle&rft.date=1821&rft.au=James+Grant+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsketcheshistoric00forb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G0kUAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA81"><i>A Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate of the Territory of Florida at its Second Session</i></a>. publisher not identified. 1840. p. 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Journal+of+the+Proceedings+of+the+Senate+of+the+Territory+of+Florida+at+its+Second+Session&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=publisher+not+identified&rft.date=1840&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG0kUAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright1972-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wright1972_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1972" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, J. Leitch (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0023879100041340">"Research Opportunities in the Spanish Borderlands: West Florida, 1781–1821"</a>. <i>Latin American Research Review</i>. <b>7</b> (2). Latin American Studies Association: 24–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0023879100041340">10.1017/S0023879100041340</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2502623">2502623</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253149047">253149047</a>. <q>When Spain acquired West Florida in 1783, the eastern British boundary was the Apalachicola River, but Spain in 1785 moved it eastward to the Suwanee River. [at Footnote 1:"It was some time after 1785 before it was clearly established that Suwannee was the new eastern boundary of the province of Apalachee."] (Few maps indicate this eastward shift.) The purpose was to transfer San Marcos and the district of Apalachee from East Florida to West Florida.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+American+Research+Review&rft.atitle=Research+Opportunities+in+the+Spanish+Borderlands%3A+West+Florida%2C+1781%E2%80%931821&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=24-34&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253149047%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2502623%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0023879100041340&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=J.+Leitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0023879100041340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber1992" class="citation book cs1">Weber, David J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KOPdX2qaVrkC&pg=PA458"><i>The Spanish Frontier in North America</i></a>. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05917-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05917-5"><bdi>978-0-300-05917-5</bdi></a>. <q>Spain never drew a clear line to separate the two Floridas, but West Florida extended easterly to include Apalachee Bay, which Spain shifted from the jurisdiction of St. Augustine to more accessible Pensacola.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Frontier+in+North+America&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05917-5&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKOPdX2qaVrkC%26pg%3DPA458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203162813/http://www.jud10.flcourts.org/?q=content/history-florida-maps">"Territory of Florida Map 1"</a>. <i>Historical Florida County Maps</i>. University of Florida. 1936. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jud10.flcourts.org/?q=content/history-florida-maps">the original</a> on 3 February 2016. <q>Under Spanish rule, Florida was divided by the natural separation of the Suwanee River into West Florida and East Florida. Upon the purchase of Florida, (1819) by the United States of America, West Florida and East Florida became two counties: Escambia County and St Johns County, so named and so ordained as counties with respective county governments by Andrew Jackson, Military Governor of the Territory of Florida.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Florida+County+Maps&rft.atitle=Territory+of+Florida+Map+1&rft.date=1936&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jud10.flcourts.org%2F%3Fq%3Dcontent%2Fhistory-florida-maps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCusick2007" class="citation book cs1">Cusick, James G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxHE3OsgU9EC&pg=PA293"><i>The other War of 1812 : the Patriot War and the American invasion of Spanish East Florida</i></a>. Athens. pp. 293–294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0820329215" title="Special:BookSources/978-0820329215"><bdi>978-0820329215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+other+War+of+1812+%3A+the+Patriot+War+and+the+American+invasion+of+Spanish+East+Florida&rft.place=Athens&rft.pages=293-294&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0820329215&rft.aulast=Cusick&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxHE3OsgU9EC%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowe1966" class="citation journal cs1">Lowe, Richard G. (July 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palmm.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A22405">"American Seizure of Amelia Island"</a>. <i>The Florida Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>45</b> (1): 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Florida+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=American+Seizure+of+Amelia+Island&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1966-07&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalmm.digital.flvc.org%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Fucf%253A22405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=003%2Fllsl003.db&recNum=695">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"An Act for the establishment of a territorial government in Florida"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. pp. 654–655. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124222705/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=003%2Fllsl003.db&recNum=695">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22An+Act+for+the+establishment+of+a+territorial+government+in+Florida%22&rft.pages=654-655&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dllsl%26fileName%3D003%252Fllsl003.db%26recNum%3D695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1990" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, Susan R. (October 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30148603">"Men without God or King: Rural Settlers of East Florida, 1784-1790"</a>. <i>The Florida Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>69</b> (2): 135–155. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30148603">30148603</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2022</span> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Florida+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Men+without+God+or+King%3A+Rural+Settlers+of+East+Florida%2C+1784-1790&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=135-155&rft.date=1990-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30148603%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Susan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30148603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirow2015" class="citation journal cs1">Mirow, M.C. (January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24465375">"Law in East Florida 1783-1821"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Legal History</i>. <b>55</b> (1). Oxford University Press: 89–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajlh%2F55.1.89">10.1093/ajlh/55.1.89</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24465375">24465375</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Legal+History&rft.atitle=Law+in+East+Florida+1783-1821&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-130&rft.date=2015-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fajlh%2F55.1.89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24465375%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mirow&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24465375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Erica (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt9dg698d8/qt9dg698d8_noSplash_10664df17db6494e04e9c219d14bbfba.pdf?t=qebhm6">"Becoming Spanish in Florida: Georges Biassou and his "Family" in St. Augustine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Transnational American Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5070%2FT881036609">10.5070/T881036609</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2023</span> – via escholarship.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Transnational+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Becoming+Spanish+in+Florida%3A+Georges+Biassou+and+his+%22Family%22+in+St.+Augustine&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5070%2FT881036609&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Erica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt9dg698d8%2Fqt9dg698d8_noSplash_10664df17db6494e04e9c219d14bbfba.pdf%3Ft%3Dqebhm6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelasquez2015" class="citation book cs1">Velasquez, Daniel (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1256/"><i>Persons, Houses, and Material Possessions: Second Spanish Period St. Augustine Society</i></a>. University of Central Florida.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persons%2C+Houses%2C+and+Material+Possessions%3A+Second+Spanish+Period+St.+Augustine+Society&rft.pub=University+of+Central+Florida&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Velasquez&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstars.library.ucf.edu%2Fetd%2F1256%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanders2017" class="citation journal cs1">Landers, Jane (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt9dg698d8/qt9dg698d8_noSplash_10664df17db6494e04e9c219d14bbfba.pdf?t=qebhm6">"Franco/Spanish Entanglements in Florida and the Circumatlantic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Transnational American Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5070%2FT881036608">10.5070/T881036608</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2023</span> – via escholarship.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Transnational+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Franco%2FSpanish+Entanglements+in+Florida+and+the+Circumatlantic&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5070%2FT881036608&rft.aulast=Landers&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt9dg698d8%2Fqt9dg698d8_noSplash_10664df17db6494e04e9c219d14bbfba.pdf%3Ft%3Dqebhm6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarley2005" class="citation book cs1">Marley, David (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mkTPEAAAQBAJ"><i>Historic Cities of the Americas [2 Volumes]: An Illustrated Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 636. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576075746" title="Special:BookSources/9781576075746"><bdi>9781576075746</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2005</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Americas+%5B2+Volumes%5D%3A+An+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+%5B2+Volumes%5D&rft.pages=636&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781576075746&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmkTPEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Florida" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kotlik, George. <i>East Florida in the Revolutionary Era, 1763–1785</i> (Athens: NewSouth Books, 2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=59024">online book review</a></li> <li>Seibert, Wilbur Henry. <i>Loyalists in East Florida, 1774-1785</i> (1929),</li> <li>Smith, Roger. <i>Fourteenth Colony: The American Revolution's Best Kept Secret</i> (2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Florida&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/ahistoryofcentralfloridapodcast/12/">Spalding Plate</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/ahistoryofcentralfloridapodcast">A History of Central Florida Podcast</a></li></ul> <div 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title="Florida">Florida</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Florida" title="History of Florida">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Florida_history" title="Timeline of Florida history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Florida" title="Indigenous peoples of Florida">Indigenous peoples of Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missions_in_Spanish_Florida" title="Missions in Spanish Florida">missions</a></li></ul></li> <li>British Rule <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">East Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Florida" title="History of slavery in Florida">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantations_of_Leon_County,_Florida" title="Plantations of Leon County, Florida">Plantations of Leon County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_County,_Florida" title="Mosquito County, Florida">Mosquito County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Occupation_Act" title="Armed Occupation Act">Armed Occupation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_ranchos" title="Fishing ranchos">Fishing ranchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_East_Coast_Railway" title="Florida East Coast Railway">Florida East Coast Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draining_and_development_of_the_Everglades" title="Draining and development of the Everglades">Draining and development of the Everglades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_land_boom_of_the_1920s" title="Florida land boom of the 1920s">Florida land boom of the 1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Disney World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Florida" title="Geography of Florida">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Florida" title="List of municipalities in Florida">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Florida" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Florida" title="List of rivers of Florida">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_springs_in_Florida" title="List of major springs in Florida">Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_state_forests" title="Florida state forests">State forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Florida_state_parks" title="List of Florida state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Florida" title="Straits of Florida">Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_swamps" title="Florida swamps">Swamps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Florida_hurricanes" title="List of Florida hurricanes">Major<br /> hurricanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Florida_Keys_hurricane" title="1919 Florida Keys hurricane">Florida Keys (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Tampa_Bay_hurricane" title="1921 Tampa Bay hurricane">Tampa Bay (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Miami_hurricane" title="1926 Miami hurricane">Miami (1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Okeechobee_hurricane" title="1928 Okeechobee hurricane">Okeechobee (1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Bahamas_hurricane" title="1929 Bahamas hurricane">Florida Keys (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Treasure_Coast_hurricane" title="1933 Treasure Coast hurricane">Treasure Coast (1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Labor_Day_hurricane" title="1935 Labor Day hurricane">Labor Day (1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Cuba%E2%80%93Florida_hurricane" title="1944 Cuba–Florida hurricane">Dry Tortugas (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Homestead_hurricane" title="1945 Homestead hurricane">Homestead (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Fort_Lauderdale_hurricane" title="1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane">Fort Lauderdale (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1948_Florida_hurricane" title="September 1948 Florida hurricane">South Florida (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Florida_hurricane" title="1949 Florida hurricane">1949 Florida hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Easy_(1950)" title="Hurricane Easy (1950)">Easy (1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_King" title="Hurricane King">King (1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Donna" title="Hurricane Donna">Donna (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy" title="Hurricane Betsy">Betsy (1965)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eloise" title="Hurricane Eloise">Eloise (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Elena" title="Hurricane Elena">Elena (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew" title="Hurricane Andrew">Andrew (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Opal" title="Hurricane Opal">Opal (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frances" title="Hurricane Frances">Frances (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Ivan (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Jeanne (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dennis" title="Hurricane Dennis">Dennis (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma" title="Hurricane Wilma">Wilma (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Matthew" title="Hurricane Matthew">Matthew (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Irma (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michael" title="Hurricane Michael">Michael (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dorian" title="Hurricane Dorian">Dorian (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ian" title="Hurricane Ian">Ian (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Idalia" title="Hurricane Idalia">Idalia (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene" title="Hurricane Helene">Helene (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Milton" title="Hurricane Milton">Milton (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_history_of_Florida" title="Category:African-American history of Florida">African-American</a></li> <li>Brazilian-American culture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans#Brazilian_American_communities" title="Brazilian Americans">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida#Demographics" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Florida" title="Crime in Florida">Crime</a></li> <li>Cuban-American culture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_migration_to_Miami" title="Cuban migration to Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cuban-American_culture_in_Tampa,_Florida" title="Category:Cuban-American culture in Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Florida" title="Culture of Florida">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Florida" title="Demographics of Florida">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Florida" title="Economy of Florida">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Florida" title="Agriculture in Florida">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_tourism_industry" title="Florida tourism industry">Tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Florida" title="Education in Florida">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_cracker" title="Florida cracker">Florida cracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Florida" title="List of people from Florida">Floridians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Florida" title="Government of Florida">Government</a></li> <li>Haitian-American culture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_diaspora#Delray_Beach" title="Haitian diaspora">Delray Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_diaspora#Miami" title="Haitian diaspora">Miami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Florida" title="Homelessness in Florida">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Florida" title="Human trafficking in Florida">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Florida" title="Indigenous peoples of Florida">Indigenous peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_the_Everglades_region" title="Indigenous people of the Everglades region">Everglades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Florida">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Florida" title="Politics of Florida">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Florida_ballot_measures" title="List of Florida ballot measures">Ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Florida" title="United States congressional delegations from Florida">Congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_congressional_districts" title="Florida's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li></ul></li> <li>Puerto Rican culture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans#Orlando" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissimmee,_Florida#Demographics" title="Kissimmee, Florida">Kissimmee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Florida" title="Politics of Florida">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Florida" title="Sports in Florida">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Florida" title="Sports in Florida">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Florida" title="Culture of Florida">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_casinos_in_Florida" title="List of casinos in Florida">Casinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry_in_Florida" title="Film industry in Florida">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Man" title="Florida Man">Florida Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Heritage_Trails" title="Florida Heritage Trails">Florida Heritage Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridiana" title="Floridiana">Floridiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_literature" title="Florida literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_accent" title="Miami accent">Miami accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Florida" title="Music of Florida">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Florida" title="Category:Mass media in Florida">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Florida" title="List of newspapers in Florida">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Florida" title="List of radio stations in Florida">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Florida" title="List of television stations in Florida">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Florida_state_symbols" title="List of Florida state symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Florida" title="Flag of Florida">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Florida" title="Seal of Florida">seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skunk_ape" title="Skunk ape">Skunk ape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-Toed_Tom" title="Two-Toed Tom">Two-Toed Tom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_Florida" title="Visit Florida">Visit Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Florida" title="Environment of Florida">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Florida" title="Environmental issues in Florida">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Florida" title="Fauna of Florida">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Florida" title="Category:Flora of Florida">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Reef" title="Florida Reef">Florida Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Florida" title="Geology of Florida">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Florida" title="Climate of Florida">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Florida" title="Climate change in Florida">climate change</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">Cuba–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Florida-related_articles" title="Index of Florida-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Florida" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Florida">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Florida" title="Transportation in Florida">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF9C1A; color:#000033; padding:0.2em 0.5em;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/32px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/48px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/64px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Florida" title="Portal:Florida">Florida portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thirteen_Colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template talk:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thirteen_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Colonies" title="Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" title="Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_colonies" title="Tobacco colonies">Tobacco Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Colonies" title="Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> (1607–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> (1632–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (1664–1673; 1702–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (1681–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> (1691–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> (1732–1776)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Other British colonial entities in the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke</a> (1585–1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popham_Colony" title="Popham Colony">Popham</a> (1607–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> (1607–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> (1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> (1620–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maine" title="Province of Maine">Maine</a> (1622–1658)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (1625–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolana" title="Carolana">Carolana</a> (1629–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> (1629–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> (1635–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> (1638–1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> (1643–1654; 1675–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1680</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> (1663–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> (1670–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> (1670–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> (1686–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">East Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)" title="New Ireland (Maine)">New Ireland</a> (1779–1783; 1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a> (1810–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> (1811–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen Territories</a> (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">Colony of British Columbia</a> (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island</a> (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">Province of British Columbia</a> (1871–1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian Viceroyalty</a> (1492–1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> <ul><li>1521–1821; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, 1565–1763</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, 1565–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Captaincy General of Puerto Rico</a>, 1580–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a>, 1607–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Spanish Saint Croix</a>, 1650–1651</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1767–1804</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish East Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Spanish West Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> <ul><li>1534–1763; <a href="/wiki/French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a>, 1562–1565</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Hospitaller Saint Croix</a>, 1651–1665</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies#Former_French_West_Indian_islands" title="French West Indies">French Saint Croix</a>, 1665–1733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a>, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> (1614–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Dutch Virgin Islands</a> (1625–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (1638–1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> (1672–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">Brandenburger Saint Thomas</a> (1685–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Krabbeninsel</a> (1689–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Scottish Darien Company</a> (1698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a> (1799–1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Related Documents</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_Concerning_Western_Planting" title="Discourse Concerning Western Planting">Discourse Concerning Western Planting</a> <small>(1584)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> <small>(1620)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a> <small>(1622)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation" title="Of Plymouth Plantation">Of Plymouth Plantation</a> <small>(1630–1651)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> <small>(1638)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintipartite_Deed" title="Quintipartite Deed">Quintipartite Deed</a> <small>(1676)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Category:Thirteen Colonies">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_contemporary_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Template:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_contemporary_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_unrecognized_states" title="List of historical unrecognized states">unrecognized states</a> within the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Florida Oriental</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Florida Occidental</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">La Luisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watauga_Association" title="Watauga Association">Republic of Watauga</a> (1772–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a> (1775–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">United States of America</a> (1776–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a> (1777–1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Franklin" title="State of Franklin">State of Franklin</a> (1784–1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Oconee_Republic" title="Trans-Oconee Republic">Trans-Oconee Republic</a> (1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a> (1795–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Muskogee" title="State of Muskogee">State of Muskogee</a> (1799–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_West_Florida" title="Republic of West Florida">Republic of West Florida</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_East_Florida" title="Republic of East Florida">Republic of East Florida</a> (1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guti%C3%A9rrez%E2%80%93Magee_Expedition" title="Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition">First Republic of Texas</a> (1812–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Floridas" title="Republic of the Floridas">Republic of the Floridas</a> (1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Expedition" title="Long Expedition">Second Republic of Texas</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Mexico" title="Provisional Government of Mexico">Provisional Government of Mexico</a> (1823–1824) <ul><li>1835–1846; <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Texas" title="Mexican Texas">Mexican Texas</a>, 1821–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1821–1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1821–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_Occidente" title="Estado de Occidente">Sonora y Sinaloa</a>, 1824–1830</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_y_Tejas" title="Coahuila y Tejas">Coahuila y Tejas</a>, 1824–1835</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1836–1846</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredonian_Rebellion" title="Fredonian Rebellion">Republic of Fredonia</a> (1826–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Madawaska" title="Republic of Madawaska">Republic of Madawaska</a> (1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Indian_Stream" title="Republic of Indian Stream">Republic of Indian Stream</a> (1832–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (1834–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> (1836–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Rio_Grande" title="Republic of the Rio Grande">Republic of the Rio Grande</a> (1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Oregon" title="Provisional Government of Oregon">Provisional Government of Oregon</a> (1841–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Republic" title="California Republic">California Republic</a> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_and_Ready,_California" title="Rough and Ready, California">The Great Republic of Rough and Ready</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Island_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)">The Kingdom of Beaver Island</a> (1850–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> <ul><li>1861–1865; <a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Kentucky" title="Confederate government of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_West_Virginia" title="Confederate government of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Mississippi" title="Jones County, Mississippi">Free State of Jones</a> (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Hawaii" title="Provisional Government of Hawaii">Provisional Government of Hawaii</a> (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> (1894–1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-text-bottom noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Territories of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Current <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Legend</span></dt> <dd>Former territory</dd> <dd><b>Current territory</b></dd> <dd>*Current <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></dd> <dd><sup>†</sup>Current member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></b> since 1960 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a> 1794–1796</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b> since 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> 1807–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> 1809–1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> 1542–1800 <span style="font-size:85%;">(integrated into the UK)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Free State</a> 1921–1931</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Protectorate</a> 1800–1813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Colony</a> 1813–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a> 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) 1868–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) 1884–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">Cameroons</a><sup>13</sup> 1919–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> 1795–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a> 1806–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">Central Africa</a> 1891–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa</a> 1895–1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> 1882–1922</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">The Gambia</a> 1816–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) 1874–1957</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> 1920–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos</a> 1862–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">Madeira</a> 1807–1808</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> 1810–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> 1856–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Niger Coast</a> 1884–1900</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 1914–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><sup>15</sup> 1924–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> 1891–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> 1903–1976</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone</a> 1792–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a> 1884–1960</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> 1910–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South-West Africa</a><sup>12</sup> 1915–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><sup>14</sup> 1923–1965 and 1979–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Swaziland">Swaziland</a> 1893–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a> 1899–1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika</a><sup>13</sup> 1922–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a> 1890–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> 1890–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> 1887–1897</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>12</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. British Cameroons is now part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, while Tanganyika is part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li><sup>14</sup><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Self-governing</a> Southern Rhodesia <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965 (as <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) and continued as an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">unrecognised</a> state until the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.</li> <li><sup>15</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1839–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> 1839–1842 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Protectorate</a> 1879–1919</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> 1685–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung" title="Belitung">Billiton</a> 1812–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> 1757–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (protectorate) 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> 1874–1963</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></b> since 1965 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>)<sup>26</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> 1824–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> 1888–1984</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> 1795–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> 1841–1997</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><sup>18</sup> 1858–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> 1811–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> 1918–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a> 1848–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> 1819–1826 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated States</a> 1895–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated States</a> 1885–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Union</a> 1946–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation</a> 1948–1957</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_the_Maldives" title="Independence of the Maldives">Maldives</a> 1796–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">Manila and Cavite</a> 1762–1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup>19</sup> 1920–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> 1891–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> 1882–1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a> 1781–1784 and 1795–1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a><sup>19</sup> 1923–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">Penang</a> 1786–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_Island" title="Côn Sơn Island">Pulo Condore</a> 1702–1705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> 1841–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> 1946–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">South Vietnam</a> 1945–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> 1921–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> 1892–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei under British rule">Weihai</a> 1898–1930</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>18</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a></li> <li><sup>26</sup>Legitimacy of territorial establishment <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">disputed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></b> since 1650</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> 1632–1860</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 1860–1981</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bahamas" title="History of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> 1670–1973</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a> 1624–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> 1643–1860</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">Belize</a> 1871–1981</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b> since 1619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> 16th c.–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">British Columbia</a> 1858–1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">1866–1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> 1754–1820</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">Dominica</a> 1763–1978</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">East Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Grenada" title="History of Grenada">Grenada</a> 1762–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province</a> 1841–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Dominion</a> 1867–1931</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> 1663–1712</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></b> since 1670</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> 1818–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> 1701–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> 1733–1776</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> 1655–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> 1671–1816, 1833–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">MassachusettsBay</a> 1629–1691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province</a>, 1691–1776</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> 1632–1776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></b> since 1632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> 1655–1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> 1628–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a> 1579</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> 1784–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">New England</a> 1686–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> 1680–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> 1637–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> 1665–1674 and 1702–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> 1664–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> 1583–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> 1859–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> 1713–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet_affair_(1843)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulet affair (1843)">Paulet affair</a> 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> 1763–1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> 1681–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> 1620–1691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> 1763–1791* <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands" title="Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> 1853–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> 1670–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> 1625–1650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> 1623–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> 1882–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> 1605–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> 1627–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> 1635–1644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen</a> 1862–1863</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 1889–1962</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></b> since 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> 1849–1866</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></b> since 1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> 1607–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> 1958–1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated States</a> 1967–1983</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Windward_Islands" title="British Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> 1833–1960</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">18th and 19th centuries</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">20th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> 1788–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> 1803–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1807–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a><sup>21</sup> 1824–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Queensland</a> 1824–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Western Australia</a> 1829–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of South Australia">South Australia</a> 1836–1901</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="History of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></b> since 1838</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1841–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia" title="North Australia">North Australia</a> 1846–1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Victoria</a> 1851–1901</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Fiji</a> 1874–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Territories</a> 1877–1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> 1884–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1888–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Islands">Union Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1889–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a><sup>22</sup> 1892–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> 1893–1978</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tonga" title="History of Tonga">Tonga</a> 1900–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Niue</a><sup>20</sup> 1900–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">Australia</a> 1901–1942</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1907–1947</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Samoa</a> 1914–1962</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> 1919–1942 and 1945–1968</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>20</sup>Now part of the <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li> <li><sup>21</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><sup>22</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and <sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island</a> 1631–1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughbyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willoughbyland">Willoughbyland</a> 1651–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Saint Andrew and Providence Islands</a><sup>4</sup> 1670–1688</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> 1831–1966</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>4</sup>Now a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Occupied by Argentina during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> of April–June 1982.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica_and_the_South_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica and the South Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b> since 1833</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>)</span> 1841–1933</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>)</span> 1841–1947</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></b><sup>24</sup> since 1908</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>25</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>23</sup>Since 2009 part of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></b>; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.</li> <li><sup>24</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</li> <li><sup>25</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">Historical flags of the 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