CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="preload" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/media/a34f9d1faa5f3315-s.p.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="" type="font/woff2"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://interestingengineering.com/img/logo.svg" fetchPriority="high"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96&d=mm&r=g"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/22db0e48350782c7.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/fe300eb3a76594e3.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-48f6e0fbe564c026.js"/><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-c565c66aa5048194.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2472-47765702373191de.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/main-app-fe8494148f0fcf10.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js" async=""></script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js" async=""></script><link rel="preload" href="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" as="script"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="139188202817559"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="467815213795758"/><title>Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals</title><meta name="description" content="Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection."/><meta name="application-name" content="Interesting Engineering"/><meta name="author" content="Srishti Gupta"/><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"/><meta name="generator" content="Next.js"/><meta name="keywords" content="Neural Circuits"/><meta name="referrer" content="origin"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="color-scheme" content="light"/><meta name="creator" content="@IntEngineering"/><meta name="publisher" content="Interesting Engineering"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"/><meta property="og:title" content="Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals"/><meta property="og:description" content="Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Interesting Engineering"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1920"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="1080"/><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@IntEngineering"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@IntEngineering"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=14" sizes="57x57"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-60x60.png?v=14" sizes="60x60"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-72x72.png?v=14" sizes="72x72"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-76x76.png?v=14" sizes="76x76"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-114x114.png?v=14" sizes="114x114"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-120x120.png?v=14" sizes="120x120"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-144x144.png?v=14" sizes="144x144"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-152x152.png?v=14" sizes="152x152"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icons/apple-icon-180x180.png?v=14" sizes="180x180"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/android-icon-192x192.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="192x192"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon-32x32.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="32x32"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon-96x96.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="96x96"/><link rel="icon" href="/icons/favicon-16x16.png?v=14" type="image/png" sizes="16x16"/><meta name="next-size-adjust"/><meta name="parsely-title" content="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals"/><meta name="parsely-link" content="http://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"/><meta name="parsely-type" content="post"/><meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1"/><meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2024-11-25T16:02:24Z"/><meta name="parsely-section" content="Science"/><meta name="parsely-author" content="Srishti Gupta"/><meta name="parsely-tags" content="editor: neural circuits"/><script id="adtEmail">!function(){'use strict';var e=window.location.search.substring(1).split('&');const t=e=>e.replace(/\s/g,''),o=e=>new Promise((t=>{if(!('msCrypto'in window)&&'https:'===location.protocol&&'crypto'in window&&'TextEncoder'in window){const o=(new TextEncoder).encode(e);crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256',o).then((e=>{const o=Array.from(new Uint8Array(e)).map((e=>('00'+e.toString(16)).slice(-2))).join('');t(o)}))}else t('')}));for(var n=0;n<e.length;n++){var r='adt_ei',i=decodeURIComponent(e[n]);if(0===i.indexOf(r)){var a=i.split(r+'=')[1];if((e=>{const t=e.match(/((?=([a-zA-Z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:''})(t(a.toLowerCase()))){o(a).then((t=>{t.length&&(localStorage.setItem(r,t),localStorage.setItem('adt_emsrc','url'),e.splice(n,1),history.replaceState(null,'','?'+e.join('&')))}));break}}}}(); </script><script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WKW2TKP'); </script><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js" noModule=""></script></head><body class="min-h-screen bg-background font-sans antialiased __variable_7a4a9c"><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WKW2TKP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>!function(){try{var d=document.documentElement,n='data-theme',s='setAttribute';var e=localStorage.getItem('theme');if('system'===e||(!e&&false)){var t='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)',m=window.matchMedia(t);if(m.media!==t||m.matches){d.style.colorScheme = 'dark';d[s](n,'dark')}else{d.style.colorScheme = 'light';d[s](n,'light')}}else if(e){d[s](n,e|| '')}else{d[s](n,'light')}if(e==='light'||e==='dark'||!e)d.style.colorScheme=e||'light'}catch(e){}}()</script><nav class="t-w-full t-fixed t-z-[99999] t-top-0 t-left-0 t-h-[55px] t-flex t-items-center t-px-4 md:t-px-[120px] md:t-justify-between" style="background-color:var(--main-color)"><div class="t-flex-none max-md:t-max-w-[90px] md:t-min-w-48 max-md:t-pr-3"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="17" viewBox="0 0 22 17" fill="none"><path d="M1 1H21" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M1 9H21" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M1 16H21" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div><div class=""><a href="/"><img title="Interesting Engineering Logo" alt="Interesting Engineering" fetchPriority="high" width="120" height="34" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="t-w-[120px] max-md:t-w-[90px]" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com/img/logo.svg"/> </a></div><div class="max-md:t-grow t-text-right t-gap-1 t-items-center md:t-min-w-48 t-flex t-justify-end" style="text-align:end"></div></nav><nav class="t-hidden md:t-flex t-w-full t-justify-center t-z-[9999] t-py-0 t-bg-surface-fourth border-b-white subNavigation_borderBottom__BcA_h" style="margin-top:55px"><ul class="t-flex t-gap-x-[72px] t-items-center subNavigation_responsiveGap__j1yb_ "><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"> <a title="News" href="/news">NEWS</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1" style="padding-top:5px">IE PRO <svg style="margin-top:1px" width="20" height="17" viewBox="0 0 20 17" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.4497 4.50362C10.5852 4.67623 10.8243 4.72819 11.0192 4.62742L12.8952 3.65765C13.2221 3.48866 13.6045 3.7555 13.5587 4.12064L12.9431 9.0283C12.9144 9.25698 12.72 9.42855 12.4895 9.42855H6.99738H7.00295H1.51078C1.28031 9.42855 1.08588 9.25698 1.05719 9.0283L0.441604 4.12064C0.395804 3.7555 0.778215 3.48866 1.10512 3.65765L2.98006 4.62688C3.17546 4.7279 3.4151 4.67542 3.55041 4.502L6.62941 0.555719C6.81208 0.321589 7.16601 0.321055 7.34939 0.554632L10.4497 4.50362Z" fill="#A24DBF"></path></svg></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Newsletters" href="/newsletters">NEWSLETTERS</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="IE Academy" href="/ie-academy">IE ACADEMY</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Podcasts" href="/podcast/lexicon">PODCASTS</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Shop" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://shop.interestingengineering.com" target="_blank">SHOP</a></li><li class="t-flex t-text-text-secondary t-gap-x-1 button-mid-medium t-p-1"><a title="Jobs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jobs.interestingengineering.com">JOBS</a></li></ul></nav><div class=" t-w-1"></div><div class="md:t-min-h-[calc(100vh-350px)]"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"},"author":{"name":"Srishti Gupta","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef"},"headline":"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals","datePublished":"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"},"wordCount":568,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png","caption":"A representative image of brain anatomy."},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png","keywords":["Neural Circuits"],"articleSection":["Science"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2024","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals","name":"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png","datePublished":"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00","description":"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png","contentUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png","width":1920,"height":1080,"caption":"A representative image of brain anatomy."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"News","item":"https://interestingengineering.com/news"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Science","item":"https://interestingengineering.com/science"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#website","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/","name":"Interesting Engineering","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization","name":"Interesting Engineering","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg","width":590,"height":198,"caption":"Interesting Engineering"},"image":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/","https://x.com/IntEngineering","https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/"],"email":"info@interestingengineering.com","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"201","maxValue":"500"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page"}]}</script><main class="t-bg-surface-primary t-pt-[10px] mb:t-pt-[70px]"><div class="t-hidden"><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan" title="Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors ">Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors </a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan" title="Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency" title="China's 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it 'unrivaled in air combat' ">China's 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it 'unrivaled in air combat' </a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency" title="China's 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it 'unrivaled in air combat' "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base" title="NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice">NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base" title="NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut" title="F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes">F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut" title="F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank" title="Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech">Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank" title="Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars" title="Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars">Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars" title="Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" title="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals">Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" title="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet" title="US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams">US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet" title="US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones" title="China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare">China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones" title="China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found" title="1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered">1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra" title="Gairika Mitra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Gairika Mitra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found" title="1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air" title="New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions">New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">34 minutes ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air" title="New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia" title="Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles energy density for aircraft">Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles energy density for aircraft</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia" title="Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles energy density for aircraft"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo" title="UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power">UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj" title="Abhishek Bhardwaj" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Abhishek Bhardwaj</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo" title="UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil" title="205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage">205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil" title="205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency" title="US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need">US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency" title="US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival" title="Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat">Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival" title="Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy" title="Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source">Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy" title="Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison" title="F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets">F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">13 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison" title="F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper" title="Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper">Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">14 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper" title="Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi" title="Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case">Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">16 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi" title="Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div></div><article class="t-flex t-flex-col t-w-full t-justify-center t-gap-4 md:t-gap-8 "><section class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-gap-4 md:t-gap-4 t-self-center t-tab-px-16 t-px-4 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=" t-sticky t-top-25 t-hidden"><div class="social-icons socialShare_social_icons__LETos"><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A socialShare_social_icons__share_item__GGheb"><button type="button" class="t-flex socialShare_social_icons__share__k9ioK"><span class="socialShare_social_icons__label__ws_a_">Share</span><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_ socialShare_social_icons__share_main__nyTx4" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="share-icon-path" d="M8.84 13.76L15.67 17.74M15.66 6.76L8.84 10.74M21.25 5.25C21.25 6.90685 19.9069 8.25 18.25 8.25C16.5931 8.25 15.25 6.90685 15.25 5.25C15.25 3.59315 16.5931 2.25 18.25 2.25C19.9069 2.25 21.25 3.59315 21.25 5.25ZM9.25 12.25C9.25 13.9069 7.90685 15.25 6.25 15.25C4.59315 15.25 3.25 13.9069 3.25 12.25C3.25 10.5931 4.59315 9.25 6.25 9.25C7.90685 9.25 9.25 10.5931 9.25 12.25ZM21.25 19.25C21.25 20.9069 19.9069 22.25 18.25 22.25C16.5931 22.25 15.25 20.9069 15.25 19.25C15.25 17.5931 16.5931 16.25 18.25 16.25C19.9069 16.25 21.25 17.5931 21.25 19.25Z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button type="button" class="t-flex"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" width="23" height="23" viewBox="0 0 23 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.44608 12.6498C9.83259 13.1665 10.3257 13.594 10.892 13.9034C11.4582 14.2128 12.0844 14.3968 12.7281 14.4429C13.3717 14.489 14.0177 14.3961 14.6223 14.1706C15.2269 13.9451 15.7759 13.5921 16.2321 13.1358L18.9321 10.4358C19.7518 9.58706 20.2054 8.45035 20.1951 7.27047C20.1849 6.09058 19.7116 4.96193 18.8773 4.12759C18.0429 3.29325 16.9143 2.81999 15.7344 2.80974C14.5545 2.79949 13.4178 3.25306 12.5691 4.07277L11.0211 5.61177M13.0461 10.8498C12.6596 10.3331 12.1665 9.90551 11.6002 9.59613C11.0339 9.28675 10.4077 9.10277 9.76409 9.05667C9.12046 9.01058 8.47445 9.10344 7.86987 9.32897C7.26528 9.5545 6.71628 9.90741 6.26008 10.3638L3.56008 13.0638C2.74037 13.9125 2.28679 15.0492 2.29705 16.2291C2.3073 17.409 2.78056 18.5376 3.61489 19.372C4.44923 20.2063 5.57789 20.6796 6.75777 20.6898C7.93766 20.7001 9.07437 20.2465 9.92308 19.4268L11.4621 17.8878" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="social-icons__link" class="t-flex" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none"><path d="M18.6534 0.799805H1.84816C1.57101 0.801865 1.3058 0.912875 1.10983 1.10885C0.913852 1.30483 0.802842 1.57004 0.800781 1.84718V18.6524C0.802842 18.9296 0.913852 19.1948 1.10983 19.3908C1.3058 19.5867 1.57101 19.6977 1.84816 19.6998H10.8965V12.3918H8.43953V9.53318H10.8965V7.43055C10.8965 4.9893 12.3849 3.65843 14.5742 3.65843C15.3065 3.65843 16.0389 3.65843 16.7713 3.76868V6.3123H15.2672C14.078 6.3123 13.8497 6.8793 13.8497 7.70618V9.5253H16.6847L16.3145 12.3839H13.8497V19.6998H18.6534C18.9305 19.6977 19.1958 19.5867 19.3917 19.3908C19.5877 19.1948 19.6987 18.9296 19.7008 18.6524V1.84718C19.6987 1.57004 19.5877 1.30483 19.3917 1.10885C19.1958 0.912875 18.9305 0.801865 18.6534 0.799805Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#000000" version="1.1" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M116.504,500.219V170.654H6.975v329.564H116.504 L116.504,500.219z M61.751,125.674c38.183,0,61.968-25.328,61.968-56.953c-0.722-32.328-23.785-56.941-61.252-56.941 C24.994,11.781,0.5,36.394,0.5,68.722c0,31.625,23.772,56.953,60.53,56.953H61.751L61.751,125.674z M177.124,500.219 c0,0,1.437-298.643,0-329.564H286.67v47.794h-0.727c14.404-22.49,40.354-55.533,99.44-55.533 c72.085,0,126.116,47.103,126.116,148.333v188.971H401.971V323.912c0-44.301-15.848-74.531-55.497-74.531 c-30.254,0-48.284,20.38-56.202,40.08c-2.897,7.012-3.602,16.861-3.602,26.711v184.047H177.124L177.124,500.219z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="17" viewBox="0 0 19 17" fill="none"><path d="M0.293799 0.799805L7.24339 9.73503L0.25 16.9998H1.82406L7.94689 10.6392L12.8938 16.9998H18.25L10.9092 7.56208L17.4187 0.799805H15.8447L10.206 6.65758L5.65 0.799805H0.293799ZM2.60852 1.9146H5.06913L15.935 15.885H13.4744L2.60852 1.9146Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals&title=Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals" target="_blank"><svg width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.9285 11.4711C10.9922 11.5306 10.9922 11.6277 10.9285 11.6879C10.5798 12.0151 10.033 12.1745 9.25525 12.1745L9.24925 12.1731L9.24325 12.1745C8.46625 12.1745 7.91875 12.0151 7.57 11.6872C7.50625 11.6277 7.50625 11.5306 7.57 11.4711C7.633 11.4116 7.7365 11.4116 7.80025 11.4711C8.0845 11.7382 8.55625 11.8685 9.24325 11.8685L9.24925 11.8699L9.25525 11.8685C9.9415 11.8685 10.4132 11.7382 10.6982 11.4711C10.762 11.4116 10.8655 11.4116 10.9285 11.4711ZM8.3485 9.75836C8.3485 9.39923 8.038 9.1074 7.657 9.1074C7.27525 9.1074 6.96475 9.39923 6.96475 9.75836C6.96475 10.1168 7.27525 10.4086 7.657 10.4086C8.038 10.4093 8.3485 10.1175 8.3485 9.75836ZM18.25 9.09961C18.25 13.7937 14.2203 17.5996 9.25 17.5996C4.27975 17.5996 0.25 13.7937 0.25 9.09961C0.25 4.40548 4.27975 0.599609 9.25 0.599609C14.2203 0.599609 18.25 4.40548 18.25 9.09961ZM14.5 9.00823C14.5 8.40544 13.9788 7.91528 13.3375 7.91528C13.0248 7.91528 12.7413 8.03357 12.532 8.2234C11.74 7.73111 10.6683 7.41803 9.4825 7.37765L10.1313 5.44815L11.8885 5.83703L11.8863 5.86111C11.8863 6.35411 12.313 6.75503 12.8373 6.75503C13.3615 6.75503 13.7875 6.35411 13.7875 5.86111C13.7875 5.36811 13.3615 4.96719 12.8373 4.96719C12.4345 4.96719 12.0918 5.20448 11.953 5.53669L10.0592 5.11736C9.97675 5.09823 9.892 5.14357 9.8665 5.22007L9.14275 7.37198C7.90075 7.38615 6.7765 7.70207 5.94925 8.20853C5.7415 8.0279 5.46625 7.91457 5.16175 7.91457C4.52125 7.91528 4 8.40544 4 9.00823C4 9.40915 4.23325 9.75623 4.576 9.94678C4.5535 10.0629 4.5385 10.1812 4.5385 10.3009C4.5385 11.9167 6.64225 13.2313 9.22825 13.2313C11.8142 13.2313 13.918 11.9167 13.918 10.3009C13.918 10.1876 13.9053 10.0764 13.885 9.96661C14.2495 9.78173 14.5 9.42403 14.5 9.00823ZM10.846 9.10811C10.4643 9.10811 10.1545 9.39994 10.1545 9.75907C10.1545 10.1175 10.465 10.4093 10.846 10.4093C11.227 10.4093 11.5375 10.1175 11.5375 9.75907C11.5375 9.39994 11.2277 9.10811 10.846 9.10811Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li></ul><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l socialShare_social_icons__box__yeOz7"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex " type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none"><path d="M5.25 8.3498C5.25 6.66965 5.25 5.82957 5.57698 5.18783C5.8646 4.62335 6.32354 4.16441 6.88803 3.87679C7.52976 3.5498 8.36984 3.5498 10.05 3.5498H14.45C16.1302 3.5498 16.9702 3.5498 17.612 3.87679C18.1765 4.16441 18.6354 4.62335 18.923 5.18783C19.25 5.82957 19.25 6.66965 19.25 8.3498V21.5498L12.25 17.5498L5.25 21.5498V8.3498Z" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class=" socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex" type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" style="width:17px;height:15px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-flex-col t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="article-heading t-w-full md:t-w-[53.75%]"><ul class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Science</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>The team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. </p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Nov 25, 2024 11:02 AM EST</time></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta"><img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96&d=mm&r=g" alt="Srishti Gupta" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[50px] headingSection_author_info__image___0MRY"/></a></div><div><p class="h4-style-desktop t-font-bold braintree-heading headingSection_text_no_wrap__9jTRs"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta">Srishti Gupta</a></p><ul class="author-social-links Author_socialLinks__pJtg4"><li><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" target="_blank" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#7e0d0c170d160a1750190b0e0a1f3e17100a1b0c1b0d0a1710191b101917101b1b0c171019501d1113"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none"><path class="Author_svgPathStrokeColor__dJDYC" d="M2.25 7.75L10.4149 13.4654C11.0761 13.9283 11.4067 14.1597 11.7663 14.2493C12.0839 14.3285 12.4161 14.3285 12.7337 14.2493C13.0933 14.1597 13.4239 13.9283 14.0851 13.4654L22.25 7.75M7.05 20.75H17.45C19.1302 20.75 19.9702 20.75 20.612 20.423C21.1765 20.1354 21.6354 19.6765 21.923 19.112C22.25 18.4702 22.25 17.6302 22.25 15.95V9.55C22.25 7.86984 22.25 7.02976 21.923 6.38803C21.6354 5.82354 21.1765 5.3646 20.612 5.07698C19.9702 4.75 19.1302 4.75 17.45 4.75H7.05C5.36984 4.75 4.52976 4.75 3.88803 5.07698C3.32354 5.3646 2.8646 5.82354 2.57698 6.38803C2.25 7.02976 2.25 7.86984 2.25 9.55V15.95C2.25 17.6302 2.25 18.4702 2.57698 19.112C2.8646 19.6765 3.32354 20.1354 3.88803 20.423C4.52976 20.75 5.36984 20.75 7.05 20.75Z" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="headingSection_article_info__FQ2mg article-info t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-bg-color-500 undefined"><div class="headingSection_article_info__date__GgRIP article-info__date body-xsmall-medium color-gray-500">2 days ago</div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] md:t-my-[16px] md:t-mx-[16px] t-mx-[0px] headingSection_article_info__separator___1c_Q"></div><div class="article-info__comment headingSection_article_info__comment__1a_Uz "><button class="t-flex t-justify-center md:t-gap-[4px] max-md:t-flex-colc headingSection_article_info__comment_wrapper__Uj5_U t-cursor-pointer"><svg class="headingSection_article_info__comment_svg__Rds4y" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="20" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path class="headingSection_author_share_item__path__mrP1U" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-invert author-comment-count">0</span></button></div></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-4 t-mt-1"></div><div class=" "><div class="social-icons socialShare_social_icons__LETos"><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A socialShare_social_icons__share_item__GGheb"><button type="button" class="t-flex socialShare_social_icons__share__k9ioK"><span class="socialShare_social_icons__label__ws_a_">Share</span><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_ socialShare_social_icons__share_main__nyTx4" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path class="share-icon-path" d="M8.84 13.76L15.67 17.74M15.66 6.76L8.84 10.74M21.25 5.25C21.25 6.90685 19.9069 8.25 18.25 8.25C16.5931 8.25 15.25 6.90685 15.25 5.25C15.25 3.59315 16.5931 2.25 18.25 2.25C19.9069 2.25 21.25 3.59315 21.25 5.25ZM9.25 12.25C9.25 13.9069 7.90685 15.25 6.25 15.25C4.59315 15.25 3.25 13.9069 3.25 12.25C3.25 10.5931 4.59315 9.25 6.25 9.25C7.90685 9.25 9.25 10.5931 9.25 12.25ZM21.25 19.25C21.25 20.9069 19.9069 22.25 18.25 22.25C16.5931 22.25 15.25 20.9069 15.25 19.25C15.25 17.5931 16.5931 16.25 18.25 16.25C19.9069 16.25 21.25 17.5931 21.25 19.25Z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button type="button" class="t-flex"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" width="23" height="23" viewBox="0 0 23 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.44608 12.6498C9.83259 13.1665 10.3257 13.594 10.892 13.9034C11.4582 14.2128 12.0844 14.3968 12.7281 14.4429C13.3717 14.489 14.0177 14.3961 14.6223 14.1706C15.2269 13.9451 15.7759 13.5921 16.2321 13.1358L18.9321 10.4358C19.7518 9.58706 20.2054 8.45035 20.1951 7.27047C20.1849 6.09058 19.7116 4.96193 18.8773 4.12759C18.0429 3.29325 16.9143 2.81999 15.7344 2.80974C14.5545 2.79949 13.4178 3.25306 12.5691 4.07277L11.0211 5.61177M13.0461 10.8498C12.6596 10.3331 12.1665 9.90551 11.6002 9.59613C11.0339 9.28675 10.4077 9.10277 9.76409 9.05667C9.12046 9.01058 8.47445 9.10344 7.86987 9.32897C7.26528 9.5545 6.71628 9.90741 6.26008 10.3638L3.56008 13.0638C2.74037 13.9125 2.28679 15.0492 2.29705 16.2291C2.3073 17.409 2.78056 18.5376 3.61489 19.372C4.44923 20.2063 5.57789 20.6796 6.75777 20.6898C7.93766 20.7001 9.07437 20.2465 9.92308 19.4268L11.4621 17.8878" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="social-icons__link" class="t-flex" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none"><path d="M18.6534 0.799805H1.84816C1.57101 0.801865 1.3058 0.912875 1.10983 1.10885C0.913852 1.30483 0.802842 1.57004 0.800781 1.84718V18.6524C0.802842 18.9296 0.913852 19.1948 1.10983 19.3908C1.3058 19.5867 1.57101 19.6977 1.84816 19.6998H10.8965V12.3918H8.43953V9.53318H10.8965V7.43055C10.8965 4.9893 12.3849 3.65843 14.5742 3.65843C15.3065 3.65843 16.0389 3.65843 16.7713 3.76868V6.3123H15.2672C14.078 6.3123 13.8497 6.8793 13.8497 7.70618V9.5253H16.6847L16.3145 12.3839H13.8497V19.6998H18.6534C18.9305 19.6977 19.1958 19.5867 19.3917 19.3908C19.5877 19.1948 19.6987 18.9296 19.7008 18.6524V1.84718C19.6987 1.57004 19.5877 1.30483 19.3917 1.10885C19.1958 0.912875 18.9305 0.801865 18.6534 0.799805Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#000000" version="1.1" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M116.504,500.219V170.654H6.975v329.564H116.504 L116.504,500.219z M61.751,125.674c38.183,0,61.968-25.328,61.968-56.953c-0.722-32.328-23.785-56.941-61.252-56.941 C24.994,11.781,0.5,36.394,0.5,68.722c0,31.625,23.772,56.953,60.53,56.953H61.751L61.751,125.674z M177.124,500.219 c0,0,1.437-298.643,0-329.564H286.67v47.794h-0.727c14.404-22.49,40.354-55.533,99.44-55.533 c72.085,0,126.116,47.103,126.116,148.333v188.971H401.971V323.912c0-44.301-15.848-74.531-55.497-74.531 c-30.254,0-48.284,20.38-56.202,40.08c-2.897,7.012-3.602,16.861-3.602,26.711v184.047H177.124L177.124,500.219z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" target="_blank"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="17" viewBox="0 0 19 17" fill="none"><path d="M0.293799 0.799805L7.24339 9.73503L0.25 16.9998H1.82406L7.94689 10.6392L12.8938 16.9998H18.25L10.9092 7.56208L17.4187 0.799805H15.8447L10.206 6.65758L5.65 0.799805H0.293799ZM2.60852 1.9146H5.06913L15.935 15.885H13.4744L2.60852 1.9146Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li><li class="t-hidden socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-flex" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals&title=Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals" target="_blank"><svg width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.9285 11.4711C10.9922 11.5306 10.9922 11.6277 10.9285 11.6879C10.5798 12.0151 10.033 12.1745 9.25525 12.1745L9.24925 12.1731L9.24325 12.1745C8.46625 12.1745 7.91875 12.0151 7.57 11.6872C7.50625 11.6277 7.50625 11.5306 7.57 11.4711C7.633 11.4116 7.7365 11.4116 7.80025 11.4711C8.0845 11.7382 8.55625 11.8685 9.24325 11.8685L9.24925 11.8699L9.25525 11.8685C9.9415 11.8685 10.4132 11.7382 10.6982 11.4711C10.762 11.4116 10.8655 11.4116 10.9285 11.4711ZM8.3485 9.75836C8.3485 9.39923 8.038 9.1074 7.657 9.1074C7.27525 9.1074 6.96475 9.39923 6.96475 9.75836C6.96475 10.1168 7.27525 10.4086 7.657 10.4086C8.038 10.4093 8.3485 10.1175 8.3485 9.75836ZM18.25 9.09961C18.25 13.7937 14.2203 17.5996 9.25 17.5996C4.27975 17.5996 0.25 13.7937 0.25 9.09961C0.25 4.40548 4.27975 0.599609 9.25 0.599609C14.2203 0.599609 18.25 4.40548 18.25 9.09961ZM14.5 9.00823C14.5 8.40544 13.9788 7.91528 13.3375 7.91528C13.0248 7.91528 12.7413 8.03357 12.532 8.2234C11.74 7.73111 10.6683 7.41803 9.4825 7.37765L10.1313 5.44815L11.8885 5.83703L11.8863 5.86111C11.8863 6.35411 12.313 6.75503 12.8373 6.75503C13.3615 6.75503 13.7875 6.35411 13.7875 5.86111C13.7875 5.36811 13.3615 4.96719 12.8373 4.96719C12.4345 4.96719 12.0918 5.20448 11.953 5.53669L10.0592 5.11736C9.97675 5.09823 9.892 5.14357 9.8665 5.22007L9.14275 7.37198C7.90075 7.38615 6.7765 7.70207 5.94925 8.20853C5.7415 8.0279 5.46625 7.91457 5.16175 7.91457C4.52125 7.91528 4 8.40544 4 9.00823C4 9.40915 4.23325 9.75623 4.576 9.94678C4.5535 10.0629 4.5385 10.1812 4.5385 10.3009C4.5385 11.9167 6.64225 13.2313 9.22825 13.2313C11.8142 13.2313 13.918 11.9167 13.918 10.3009C13.918 10.1876 13.9053 10.0764 13.885 9.96661C14.2495 9.78173 14.5 9.42403 14.5 9.00823ZM10.846 9.10811C10.4643 9.10811 10.1545 9.39994 10.1545 9.75907C10.1545 10.1175 10.465 10.4093 10.846 10.4093C11.227 10.4093 11.5375 10.1175 11.5375 9.75907C11.5375 9.39994 11.2277 9.10811 10.846 9.10811Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></a></li></ul><ul class="socialShare_social_icons__items__hXN9l socialShare_social_icons__box__yeOz7"><li class="socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex " type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__share_image__gKaE_" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none"><path d="M5.25 8.3498C5.25 6.66965 5.25 5.82957 5.57698 5.18783C5.8646 4.62335 6.32354 4.16441 6.88803 3.87679C7.52976 3.5498 8.36984 3.5498 10.05 3.5498H14.45C16.1302 3.5498 16.9702 3.5498 17.612 3.87679C18.1765 4.16441 18.6354 4.62335 18.923 5.18783C19.25 5.82957 19.25 6.66965 19.25 8.3498V21.5498L12.25 17.5498L5.25 21.5498V8.3498Z" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></button></li><li class=" socialShare_social_icons__item__7WO_A"><button class="t-flex" type="button"><svg class="socialShare_social_icons__image__HZiD3 socialShare_social_icons__fill__z4PXK" style="width:17px;height:15px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="t-mb-4 md:t-mb-[16px] articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__pQ08x"><img alt="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals" loading="lazy" width="584" height="421" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F05%2FArtwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F05%2FArtwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F05%2FArtwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">A representative image of brain anatomy.</p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/central-organ-of-human-nervous-system-brain-anatomy-gm1684551862-536974643?searchscope=image%2Cfilm">iStock/magicmine</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Researchers at the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) have identified a neural circuit in the brain that governs sexual rejection in female mammals, providing key insights into the mechanisms shaping social and reproductive behaviors. </p> <p>The study reveals how a specific population of progesterone-sensitive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) acts as a switch between acceptance and rejection of mating attempts based on a female’s reproductive state.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>“Sexual rejection isn’t just the absence of receptivity, it’s an active behaviour”, explains Susana Lima, senior author and head of the Neuroethology Lab at CF. </p> <p>“Females exhibit defensive actions like running away, kicking, or boxing the male. We wanted to understand how the brain switches between these two drastically different behavioural states.”</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tracking-neural-activity-in-real-time">Tracking neural activity in real time</h2> <p>The team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. These neurons, responsive to fluctuations in the hormone progesterone, were suspected of playing a role in switching between behavioral states.</p> <p>Using fibre photometry, a technique that measures real-time calcium signals in neurons, researchers observed stark differences in activity levels of progesterone-sensitive neurons in female mice during interactions with males. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>In non-receptive females, these neurons became highly active, correlating with rejection behaviors. In contrast, their activity decreased during fertile phases, allowing mating to occur.</p> <p>“It appears that progesterone-responsive neurons in the anterior VMH act as gatekeepers for sexual rejection”, says co-first author Basma Husain. </p> <p>The team confirmed their role through optogenetics, a method that uses light to control neural activity. Activating these neurons during the fertile phase triggered rejection behaviors, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection, though it did not induce full receptivity.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-dual-knobs-of-female-reproductive-behavior">The dual knobs of female reproductive behavior</h2> <p>The research also highlighted the dual-system nature of behavioral control in the VMH. While progesterone-sensitive neurons in the anterior VMH govern rejection, their counterparts in the posterior VMH regulate receptivity. These populations work in tandem, responding to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals based on a female’s internal state.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>“This setup gives the brain two ‘knobs’ to adjust”, Lima explains. “It’s a more efficient and robust way for the brain to balance these behaviours, ensuring mating occurs when conception is most likely, while minimising the risks and costs of mating, such as exposure to predators or diseases”.</p> <p>The study sheds light on how hormonal and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/biohybrid-robot-control-with-wireless-neuron-stimulation" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">neural mechanisms</a> interact to shape behavior, offering potential insights into human health. The VMH is present in humans and may play similar roles in regulating reproductive and social behaviors. </p> <p>Abnormalities in this <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">brain</a> region have been linked to conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and altered social behaviors stemming from early-life isolation.</p> <p>“Our findings underscore the VMH’s clinical relevance,” says Lima. “By understanding its role in normal and pathological conditions, we may uncover new pathways for addressing reproductive and social disorders.”</p></div></div><div class="recommendedArticle_recommended_article__ENN1_"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div><h4 class="recommended-article--title overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</h4><div class="OUTBRAIN" data-widget-id="GS_11"></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Beyond reproductive behavior, the study opens the door to exploring how similar mechanisms might govern other complex social interactions. “The VMH exists in humans and likely plays similar roles”, notes Lima. “Recent studies in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-animal-cell-grow-mouse" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">mouse</a> models have shown that the VMH changes in pathological conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome. </p> <p>“Additionally, socially isolating female mice during development may lead to reduced sexual receptivity, with alterations in the same brain area, underscoring the VMH’s clinical relevance”.</p> <p>The study has been published in <em>Neuron</em>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none"><path d="M1.5 3.90007C1.5 2.98989 1.5 2.5348 1.68166 2.18716C1.84144 1.88137 2.09641 1.63275 2.41002 1.47694C2.76654 1.2998 3.23325 1.2998 4.16667 1.2998H8.83333C9.76675 1.2998 10.2335 1.2998 10.59 1.47694C10.9036 1.63275 11.1586 1.88137 11.3183 2.18716C11.5 2.5348 11.5 2.98989 11.5 3.90007V6.82536C11.5 7.73554 11.5 8.19062 11.3183 8.53827C11.1586 8.84406 10.9036 9.09268 10.59 9.24849C10.2335 9.42562 9.76675 9.42562 8.83333 9.42562H5.21319C4.8665 9.42562 4.69315 9.42562 4.52734 9.4588C4.38024 9.48824 4.23789 9.53693 4.10416 9.60355C3.95343 9.67864 3.81807 9.78423 3.54734 9.99542L2.22209 11.0292C1.99093 11.2095 1.87535 11.2997 1.77808 11.2998C1.69348 11.2999 1.61346 11.2624 1.56068 11.1979C1.5 11.1238 1.5 10.9795 1.5 10.6908V3.90007Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.25" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span><span>0</span><span>COMMENT</span><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path d="M10 7L15 12L10 17" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-[16px] t-my-4"></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterContainer__HOvEF t-w-full t-max-w-main-layout !t-p-5 newsletter-linear-background home-news-letter-banner t-pb-3 undefined"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterLeft__P4Jv_"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveWrapper__OwUog"><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveLeft__eH_nk"><div class="FilledTag_filledTag__LS32u overline-small" style="color:var(--text-invert);border-radius:2px;background:var(--button-ie-pressed, #005086)">NEWSLETTER</div><h5 class="h3-style-desktop t-text-text-negative">The Blueprint Daily</h5></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterResponsiveRight__0MavS"><img alt="MasterCard" loading="lazy" width="285" height="240" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="responsive-news-letter-image" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com//_next/static/media/news-letter-icon.a0397aae.svg"/></div></div><p class="body-small-medium t-mb-4">Stay up-to-date on engineering, tech, space, and science news with The Blueprint.</p><form class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterForm__EHndP news-letter-form"><div class="Input_input___MJ_T newsLetterEmailWrapper"><input class="body-x-small-bold newsLetterEmailInput" placeholder="Your Email" name="email"/></div><button class="PureButton_pureButton__JQ85q button-medium button-container button-medium-container filled-button-black button-medium-container NewsLetterBanner_subsBtn__lnv8w" type="submit">Mail Me <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg> </button></form><p class="body-x-small t-mt-2">By clicking sign up, you confirm that you accept this site's <a href="/tos">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="/policies">Privacy Policy</a></p></div><div class="NewsLetterBanner_newsletterRight___YIfw"><img alt="MasterCard" loading="lazy" width="285" height="240" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="desktop-news-letter-image" style="color:transparent" src="https://interestingengineering.com//_next/static/media/news-letter-icon.a0397aae.svg"/></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-4 t-my-4"></div><div class=""><h4 class="t-pb-4 overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">ABOUT THE EDITOR</h4><p class="h5-style-desktop color-gray-900 articleBody_lineHeight_18__zYiLM"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta"><strong>Srishti Gupta</strong></a> Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.</p></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-2 t-mt-4 md:t-mt-4"></div><nav class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-items-center t-flex-wrap t-capitalize "><a href="/news" class="text-current">News</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="text-current"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg><a href="/science" class="text-current">science</a></nav><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mt-2"></div></div></div><div class="md:t-w-[11.33%]"><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] max-md:t-hidden t-mx-[68px] md:t-mx-[50%]"></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-gap-4 md:t-gap-4 t-self-center t-tab-px-16 t-px-4 md:t-px-0 undefined"><div id="articleRight" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[31.17%]"><div class="sidebar-section-1 max-md:t-hidden sidebar-section-background"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__z4xbZ t-py-6 sidebar-section-3 max-md:t-hidden"><div class="t-flex t-justify-between t-mb-6 t-px-6"><h4 class="overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">POPULAR ARTICLES</h4></div><div class="popular-articles--items popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA t-flex t-flex-col"><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">1</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a title="innovation" href="/innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">innovation</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance</h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" class=" t-capitalize" title="Jijo Malayil">Jijo Malayil</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK t-capitalize">0</span></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-my-4 t-mx-6"></div><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">2</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a title="science" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">science</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago </h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino" class=" t-capitalize" title="Maria Mocerino">Maria Mocerino</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK t-capitalize">0</span></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-my-4 t-mx-6"></div><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">3</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a title="science" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">science</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors </h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" class=" t-capitalize" title="Ameya Paleja">Ameya Paleja</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK t-capitalize">0</span></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-my-4 t-mx-6"></div><div class="popular-articles--item popularArticles_background_nth2__QNPMA undefined t-flex t-items-center t-gap-[12px] t-py-[12px] t-px-[24px]"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__count__r2D00">4</div><div><ul class="t-mb-2 t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a title="science" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 popularArticles_tagBgColor__8Yno6">science</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm"><h3 class="t-mb-2 h4-style-desktop t-font-bold popularArticles_h3_style_desktop__i5SMZ">Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm</h3></a><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-gap-0 t-justify-between"><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__author__1QAei popularArticles_t_font_bold__D8K9Z popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj" class=" t-capitalize" title="Abhishek Bhardwaj">Abhishek Bhardwaj</a></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><p class="popularArticles_popular_articles__read_time__ZzjnH t-capitalize popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67">a day ago</p></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[8px] popularArticles_popular_articles__separator__kWr49"></div><div class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comment_wrapper___xLhz popularArticles_ffStyleRigidSquare__DTm67 popularArticles_t_border_right__I91vB"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="12.3" viewBox="0 0 19 20" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.43284 0.842774L5.47001 0.842774H13.03L13.0672 0.842774C13.7916 0.842762 14.3896 0.842753 14.8767 0.882548C15.3825 0.923881 15.8476 1.01259 16.2844 1.23515C16.9618 1.58029 17.5125 2.13102 17.8576 2.80841C18.0802 3.24521 18.1689 3.71024 18.2102 4.21613C18.25 4.70321 18.25 5.30113 18.25 6.0256V6.06277V10.9228V10.9599C18.25 11.6844 18.25 12.2823 18.2102 12.7694C18.1689 13.2753 18.0802 13.7403 17.8576 14.1771C17.5125 14.8545 16.9618 15.4053 16.2844 15.7504C15.8476 15.973 15.3825 16.0617 14.8766 16.103C14.3896 16.1428 13.7917 16.1428 13.0672 16.1428H13.03H7.16538C6.56768 16.1428 6.39363 16.147 6.23524 16.1795C6.07637 16.2121 5.92263 16.2661 5.7782 16.3398C5.63422 16.4134 5.49565 16.5188 5.02892 16.8922L2.88201 18.6097L2.85708 18.6297C2.69177 18.762 2.52328 18.8968 2.37515 18.9948C2.23347 19.0884 1.95875 19.2561 1.60147 19.2565C1.19033 19.2569 0.801409 19.07 0.544925 18.7487C0.322033 18.4695 0.281351 18.1502 0.265986 17.981C0.249922 17.8042 0.249963 17.5884 0.250004 17.3766L0.250008 17.3447V6.06277L0.250008 6.02561C0.249996 5.30113 0.249987 4.70321 0.289782 4.21613C0.331115 3.71024 0.419823 3.24521 0.642385 2.80841C0.987529 2.13102 1.53826 1.58029 2.21564 1.23515C2.65244 1.01259 3.11748 0.923881 3.62336 0.882548C4.11044 0.842753 4.70837 0.842762 5.43284 0.842774ZM3.76994 2.67657C3.37537 2.70881 3.17358 2.76724 3.03282 2.83896C2.69413 3.01153 2.41877 3.2869 2.2462 3.62559C2.17448 3.76635 2.11604 3.96813 2.0838 4.36271C2.05071 4.76779 2.05001 5.29185 2.05001 6.06277V16.9702L3.90447 15.4866C3.92494 15.4703 3.94513 15.4541 3.96506 15.4381C4.34492 15.134 4.63207 14.9041 4.95929 14.7369C5.24814 14.5893 5.55562 14.4815 5.87336 14.4163C6.23331 14.3424 6.60117 14.3426 7.0878 14.3428C7.11333 14.3428 7.13918 14.3428 7.16538 14.3428H13.03C13.8009 14.3428 14.325 14.3421 14.7301 14.309C15.1246 14.2767 15.3264 14.2183 15.4672 14.1466C15.8059 13.974 16.0812 13.6986 16.2538 13.36C16.3255 13.2192 16.384 13.0174 16.4162 12.6228C16.4493 12.2178 16.45 11.6937 16.45 10.9228V6.06277C16.45 5.29185 16.4493 4.76779 16.4162 4.36271C16.384 3.96813 16.3255 3.76635 16.2538 3.62559C16.0812 3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg><span class="popularArticles_popular_articles__comments__KEBDK t-capitalize">0</span></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm"><svg class="popularArticles_popular_articles__icon__Etu8e" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.7998L15 12.7998L9 6.7998" stroke="#696969" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-section-2 "></div><div class="sidebar-section-4 max-md:t-hidden"></div></div></div></section><div class="t-pb-4 md:t-px-4 md:t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="max-md:t-hidden true"></div><div style="margin-top:40px"><h4 class="overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RELATED ARTICLES</h4><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mt-4 md:t-mt-4 t-mb-4"></div><div class="article-related--items"><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="innovation" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">innovation</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_57c928.jpg&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_57c928.jpg&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_57c928.jpg&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="ai logs" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">ai logs</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FScreen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FScreen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FScreen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="science" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">science</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="article-related--item relatedArticle_related_article__xt8qA relatedArticle_background_nth2__0cBbb t-py-4 t-px-4 t-flex t-gap-6-4 t-items-center t-mb-4 max-md:t-mb-2"><div class="article-related--thumbnail"><img alt="Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers" loading="lazy" width="90" height="50" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="undefined" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg&w=256&q=75"/></div><div class="article-related--content relatedArticle_related_article__content__a2uj1" style="margin-left:10px"><ul class="t-flex t-items-center t-gap-4"><li><a class="t-flex" title="innovation" href="/science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 relatedArticle_related_article__badge__ysBKz">innovation</div></a></li></ul><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk"><h3 class="h3-styles-desktop t-mt-2 color-gray-600 relatedArticle_h3_style_desktop__j_NP7">Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers</h3></a></div><div class="article-related--action relatedArticle_related_article__action__pPO4h"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="relatedArticle_related_article__svg__F2bzd" width="24" height="25" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none"><path d="M9 18.2002L15 12.2002L9 6.2002" stroke="#4A4A4E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="max-md:t-p-2"><div class="max-md: t-flex t-w-full t-justify-between t-items-center max-md:t-px-4 t-mb-0"><h5 class="overline-medium-bold !t-text-text-third" style="line-height:40px">JOBS</h5><a href="https://jobs.interestingengineering.com?source=jobs_widget" target="_blank" class="body-x-small t-text-text-secondary">See All</a></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mt-0 md:t-mt-0 t-mb-0"></div><div id="widget-display" class="jobbioapp"></div><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://widgets.jobbio.com/partner_fluid_widgets_v1.6.1/display.min.js" id="jobbio-display-script"></script></div></div></section></article><div class="t-fixed t-right-0 t-bottom-0 t-cursor-pointer t-z-[9999] t-mb-[100px] t-m-4 t-hidden md:t-hidden"><div class="t-relative t-w-[33px] t-h-[33px]"><div class="t-bg-[var(--surface-secondary)] t-opacity-50 t-w-full t-h-full t-absolute t-rounded-[2px]"></div><svg class="t-translate-x-[7px] t-translate-y-[7px]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18" fill="none"><path d="M9.5 15V3M9.5 3L5 7.5M9.5 3L14 7.5" stroke="#97979B" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></div></main></div><footer class="t-bg-gray-800 max-md:t-p-6 md:t-py-6 t-flex t-w-full t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-[10px] "><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-max-w-full t-w-[1151px] md:t-p-[10px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-col md:t-flex-row t-w-full t-justify-between"><a href="/"><svg class="t-max-w-full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="234" height="73" viewBox="0 0 234 73" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 0H6.56446V33.83H0V0ZM30.6254 3.35087V33.83H24.0609V6.7476H17.4518V33.83H10.8872V0H27.3655C28.2586 0 29.0327 0.321307 29.6877 0.963943C30.3129 1.63718 30.6254 2.43282 30.6254 3.35087ZM54.6863 0H34.9482V6.7476H41.5127V33.83H48.1219V6.7476H54.6863V0ZM78.7473 6.7476V0H59.0091V33.83H78.7473V27.0823H65.5736V20.2889H75.4874V13.5412H65.5736V6.7476H78.7473ZM99.5483 16.892C100.441 16.892 101.215 17.2287 101.87 17.9019C102.496 18.5446 102.808 19.3402 102.808 20.2889V33.83H96.2437V20.2889H89.6345V33.83H83.07V0H99.5483C100.441 0 101.215 0.321307 101.87 0.963943C102.496 1.63718 102.808 2.43282 102.808 3.35087V13.5412C102.808 14.4592 102.496 15.2549 101.87 15.9281C101.215 16.5707 100.441 16.892 99.5483 16.892ZM96.2437 13.5412V6.7476H89.6345V13.5412H96.2437ZM126.869 6.7476V0H107.131V33.83H126.869V27.0823H113.695V20.2889H123.609V13.5412H113.695V6.7476H126.869ZM144.365 10.1444V6.7476H137.756V13.5412H147.67C148.563 13.5412 149.337 13.8625 149.992 14.5051C150.617 15.1783 150.93 15.974 150.93 16.892V30.4332C150.93 31.3819 150.617 32.1775 149.992 32.8201C149.337 33.4934 148.563 33.83 147.67 33.83H134.496C133.573 33.83 132.8 33.4934 132.174 32.8201C131.519 32.1775 131.192 31.3819 131.192 30.4332V23.6856H137.756V27.0823H144.365V20.2889H134.496C133.573 20.2889 132.8 19.9676 132.174 19.3249C131.519 18.6517 131.192 17.8407 131.192 16.892V3.35087C131.192 2.43282 131.519 1.63718 132.174 0.963943C132.8 0.321307 133.573 0 134.496 0H147.67C148.563 0 149.337 0.321307 149.992 0.963943C150.617 1.63718 150.93 2.43282 150.93 3.35087V10.1444H144.365ZM174.991 0H155.253V6.7476H161.817V33.83H168.426V6.7476H174.991V0ZM179.314 0H185.878V33.83H179.314V0ZM209.939 3.35087V33.83H203.375V6.7476H196.765V33.83H190.201V0H206.679C207.572 0 208.346 0.321307 209.001 0.963943C209.627 1.63718 209.939 2.43282 209.939 3.35087ZM227.436 10.1444V6.7476H220.826V27.0823H227.436V20.2889H224.131V13.5412H234V30.4332C234 31.3819 233.687 32.1775 233.062 32.8201C232.407 33.4934 231.633 33.83 230.74 33.83H217.566C216.644 33.83 215.869 33.4934 215.244 32.8201C214.589 32.1775 214.262 31.3819 214.262 30.4332V3.35087C214.262 2.43282 214.589 1.63718 215.244 0.963943C215.869 0.321307 216.644 0 217.566 0H230.74C231.633 0 232.407 0.321307 233.062 0.963943C233.687 1.63718 234 2.43282 234 3.35087V10.1444H227.436ZM19.7382 45.9177V39.17H0V73H22.6749L20.1192 66.2524H6.56446V59.4588H16.4783V52.7111H6.56446V45.9177H19.7382ZM43.7991 42.5208V73H37.2346V45.9177H30.6254V66.0875V73H26.3868L24.0609 66.0875V39.17H40.5392C41.4323 39.17 42.2063 39.4913 42.8613 40.1339C43.4865 40.8071 43.7991 41.6028 43.7991 42.5208ZM61.2955 49.3144V45.9177H54.6863V66.2524H61.2955V59.4588H57.991V52.7111H67.86V69.6033C67.86 70.5519 67.5474 71.3475 66.9222 71.9902C66.2672 72.6634 65.4932 73 64.6 73H51.4264C50.5035 73 49.7295 72.6634 49.1043 71.9902C48.4493 71.3475 48.1219 70.5519 48.1219 69.6033V42.5208C48.1219 41.6028 48.4493 40.8071 49.1043 40.1339C49.7295 39.4913 50.5035 39.17 51.4264 39.17H64.6C65.4932 39.17 66.2672 39.4913 66.9222 40.1339C67.5474 40.8071 67.86 41.6028 67.86 42.5208V49.3144H61.2955ZM72.1827 39.17H78.7473V73H72.1827V39.17ZM102.808 42.5208V73H96.2437V45.9177H89.6345V73H83.07V39.17H99.5483C100.441 39.17 101.215 39.4913 101.87 40.1339C102.496 40.8071 102.808 41.6028 102.808 42.5208ZM126.869 45.9177V39.17H107.131V73H126.869V66.2524H113.695V59.4588H123.609V52.7111H113.695V45.9177H126.869ZM150.93 45.9177V39.17H131.192V73H150.93V66.2524H137.756V59.4588H147.67V52.7111H137.756V45.9177H150.93ZM171.731 56.062C172.624 56.062 173.398 56.3987 174.053 57.0719C174.678 57.7145 174.991 58.5102 174.991 59.4588V73H168.426V59.4588H161.817V73H155.253V39.17H171.731C172.624 39.17 173.398 39.4913 174.053 40.1339C174.678 40.8071 174.991 41.6028 174.991 42.5208V52.7111C174.991 53.6292 174.678 54.4248 174.053 55.0981C173.398 55.7407 172.624 56.062 171.731 56.062ZM168.426 52.7111V45.9177H161.817V52.7111H168.426ZM179.314 39.17H185.878V73H179.314V39.17ZM209.939 42.5208V73H203.375V45.9177H196.765V73H190.201V39.17H206.679C207.572 39.17 208.346 39.4913 209.001 40.1339C209.627 40.8071 209.939 41.6028 209.939 42.5208ZM227.436 49.3144V45.9177H220.826V66.2524H227.436V59.4588H224.131V52.7111H234V69.6033C234 70.5519 233.687 71.3475 233.062 71.9902C232.407 72.6634 231.633 73 230.74 73H217.566C216.644 73 215.869 72.6634 215.244 71.9902C214.589 71.3475 214.262 70.5519 214.262 69.6033V42.5208C214.262 41.6028 214.589 40.8071 215.244 40.1339C215.869 39.4913 216.644 39.17 217.566 39.17H230.74C231.633 39.17 232.407 39.4913 233.062 40.1339C233.687 40.8071 234 41.6028 234 42.5208V49.3144H227.436Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><div class="t-flex t-gap-4 max-md:t-mt-4 md:t-gap-0 t-flex-col t-justify-between"><h6 class="h4-style-desktop !t-text-[#FFF] md:t-text-end">Follow Us On</h6><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-h-[32px] t-align-bottom"><a class="follow-us-link" title="Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/interestingengineering/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M16.5 8.71687C19.0181 8.71687 19.3614 8.71687 20.3916 8.71687C21.3072 8.71687 21.7651 8.94578 22.1084 9.06024C22.5663 9.28916 22.9096 9.40362 23.253 9.74699C23.5964 10.0904 23.8253 10.4337 23.9398 10.8916C24.0542 11.2349 24.1687 11.6928 24.2831 12.6084C24.2831 13.6386 24.2831 13.8675 24.2831 16.5C24.2831 19.1325 24.2831 19.3614 24.2831 20.3916C24.2831 21.3072 24.0542 21.7651 23.9398 22.1084C23.7108 22.5663 23.5964 22.9096 23.253 23.253C22.9096 23.5964 22.5663 23.8253 22.1084 23.9398C21.7651 24.0542 21.3072 24.1687 20.3916 24.2831C19.3614 24.2831 19.1325 24.2831 16.5 24.2831C13.8675 24.2831 13.6386 24.2831 12.6084 24.2831C11.6928 24.2831 11.2349 24.0542 10.8916 23.9398C10.4337 23.7108 10.0904 23.5964 9.74699 23.253C9.40362 22.9096 9.1747 22.5663 9.06024 22.1084C8.94578 21.7651 8.83133 21.3072 8.71687 20.3916C8.71687 19.3614 8.71687 19.1325 8.71687 16.5C8.71687 13.8675 8.71687 13.6386 8.71687 12.6084C8.71687 11.6928 8.94578 11.2349 9.06024 10.8916C9.28916 10.4337 9.40362 10.0904 9.74699 9.74699C10.0904 9.40362 10.4337 9.1747 10.8916 9.06024C11.2349 8.94578 11.6928 8.83133 12.6084 8.71687C13.6386 8.71687 13.9819 8.71687 16.5 8.71687ZM16.5 7C13.8675 7 13.6386 7 12.6084 7C11.5783 7 10.8916 7.22892 10.3193 7.45783C9.74699 7.68675 9.1747 8.03012 8.60241 8.60241C8.03012 9.1747 7.80121 9.63253 7.45783 10.3193C7.22892 10.8916 7.11446 11.5783 7 12.6084C7 13.6386 7 13.9819 7 16.5C7 19.1325 7 19.3614 7 20.3916C7 21.4217 7.22892 22.1084 7.45783 22.6807C7.68675 23.253 8.03012 23.8253 8.60241 24.3976C9.1747 24.9699 9.63253 25.1988 10.3193 25.5422C10.8916 25.7711 11.5783 25.8855 12.6084 26C13.6386 26 13.9819 26 16.5 26C19.0181 26 19.3614 26 20.3916 26C21.4217 26 22.1084 25.7711 22.6807 25.5422C23.253 25.3133 23.8253 24.9699 24.3976 24.3976C24.9699 23.8253 25.1988 23.3675 25.5422 22.6807C25.7711 22.1084 25.8855 21.4217 26 20.3916C26 19.3614 26 19.0181 26 16.5C26 13.9819 26 13.6386 26 12.6084C26 11.5783 25.7711 10.8916 25.5422 10.3193C25.3133 9.74699 24.9699 9.1747 24.3976 8.60241C23.8253 8.03012 23.3675 7.80121 22.6807 7.45783C22.1084 7.22892 21.4217 7.11446 20.3916 7C19.3614 7 19.1325 7 16.5 7Z" fill="white"></path><path d="M16.5 11.5783C13.753 11.5783 11.5783 13.753 11.5783 16.5C11.5783 19.247 13.753 21.4217 16.5 21.4217C19.247 21.4217 21.4217 19.247 21.4217 16.5C21.4217 13.753 19.247 11.5783 16.5 11.5783ZM16.5 19.7048C14.7831 19.7048 13.2952 18.3313 13.2952 16.5C13.2952 14.7831 14.6687 13.2952 16.5 13.2952C18.2169 13.2952 19.7048 14.6687 19.7048 16.5C19.7048 18.2169 18.2169 19.7048 16.5 19.7048Z" fill="white"></path><path d="M21.5361 12.6084C22.1683 12.6084 22.6807 12.096 22.6807 11.4639C22.6807 10.8317 22.1683 10.3193 21.5361 10.3193C20.904 10.3193 20.3916 10.8317 20.3916 11.4639C20.3916 12.096 20.904 12.6084 21.5361 12.6084Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="X" href="https://twitter.com/IntEngineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-twitter-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="19" viewBox="0 0 19 19" fill="none"><g clip-path="url(#clip0_909_40227)"><path d="M17.6354 17.0618L11.269 8.02349L18.3263 0H16.7118L15.3298 1.56365L10.5491 7.00127L5.99516 0.535806L5.61785 0H0.0219122L1.38671 1.93815L7.44185 10.5357L0 19H1.61447L8.16143 11.5569L13.0266 18.4648L13.4041 19.0002H19L17.6352 17.062L17.6354 17.0618ZM14.0693 17.763L9.01473 10.5864L8.29499 9.56479L2.4297 1.23698H4.95265L9.69593 7.97175L10.4157 8.99335L16.5922 17.7629H14.0693V17.763Z" fill="white"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_909_40227"><rect width="19" height="19"></rect></clipPath></defs></svg></a><a title="LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/" class="t-w-10 t-h-10 t-cursor-pointer t-flex t-items-center t-justify-center follow-us-link" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M10.275 25H6.2375V12.2938H10.275V25ZM8.25625 10.5125C6.95 10.5125 6 9.5625 6 8.25625C6 6.95 7.06875 6 8.25625 6C9.5625 6 10.5125 6.95 10.5125 8.25625C10.5125 9.5625 9.5625 10.5125 8.25625 10.5125ZM25 25H20.9625V18.1125C20.9625 16.0938 20.1312 15.5 18.9437 15.5C17.7562 15.5 16.5687 16.45 16.5687 18.2312V25H12.5312V12.2938H16.3312V14.075C16.6875 13.2438 18.1125 11.9375 20.1312 11.9375C22.3875 11.9375 24.7625 13.2437 24.7625 17.1625V25H25Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="Flipboard" href="https://flipboard.com/@intengineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M7 7V26H26V7H7ZM22.2 14.6H18.4V18.4H14.6V22.2H10.8V10.8H22.2V14.6Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a title="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="t-content-center follow-us-link" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M20.6184 10.3032H17.7458C17.4054 10.3032 17.0272 10.7733 17.0272 11.398V13.575H20.6203L20.0769 16.6797H17.0272V26H13.6371V16.6797H10.5615V13.575H13.6371V11.749C13.6371 9.12899 15.369 7 17.7458 7H20.6184V10.3032Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/Interestingengineeringofficial" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M24.525 11.0188C24.2875 10.1875 23.6938 9.59375 22.8625 9.35625C21.4375 9 15.3812 9 15.3812 9C15.3812 9 9.44376 9 7.90001 9.35625C7.06876 9.59375 6.475 10.1875 6.2375 11.0188C6 12.5625 6 15.65 6 15.65C6 15.65 6 18.7375 6.35625 20.2812C6.59375 21.1125 7.1875 21.7062 8.01875 21.9437C9.44375 22.3 15.5 22.3 15.5 22.3C15.5 22.3 21.4375 22.3 22.9812 21.9437C23.8125 21.7062 24.4063 21.1125 24.6438 20.2812C25 18.7375 25 15.65 25 15.65C25 15.65 25 12.5625 24.525 11.0188ZM13.6 18.5V12.8L18.5875 15.65L13.6 18.5Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a><a class="follow-us-link" title="Tiktok" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@interestingengineering" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg class="t-cursor-pointer t-responsive-small" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"><rect width="32" height="32"></rect><path d="M22.7857 11.0634C22.6542 10.9971 22.5261 10.9245 22.4021 10.8457C22.0413 10.6132 21.7105 10.3391 21.4169 10.0296C20.6821 9.20983 20.4077 8.37822 20.3066 7.79598H20.3107C20.2262 7.31269 20.2611 7 20.2664 7H16.9198V19.6177C16.9198 19.7872 16.9198 19.9546 16.9125 20.12C16.9125 20.1406 16.9105 20.1596 16.9093 20.1818C16.9093 20.1909 16.9093 20.2004 16.9072 20.2099C16.9072 20.2123 16.9072 20.2146 16.9072 20.217C16.872 20.6697 16.7231 21.1071 16.4738 21.4905C16.2245 21.874 15.8824 22.1919 15.4775 22.4161C15.0556 22.6502 14.5783 22.773 14.0928 22.7724C12.5336 22.7724 11.2699 21.5327 11.2699 20.0017C11.2699 18.4707 12.5336 17.231 14.0928 17.231C14.388 17.2307 14.6813 17.276 14.962 17.3652L14.966 14.0427C14.1141 13.9354 13.2486 14.0014 12.4242 14.2366C11.5997 14.4718 10.8342 14.871 10.1759 15.4091C9.59908 15.8977 9.11415 16.4808 8.74292 17.132C8.60165 17.3695 8.06865 18.3238 8.0041 19.8726C7.96351 20.7518 8.23427 21.6625 8.36336 22.0389V22.0469C8.44455 22.2685 8.75916 23.0249 9.27186 23.6626C9.68529 24.1741 10.1737 24.6234 10.7215 24.9961V24.9881L10.7296 24.9961C12.3497 26.0695 14.146 25.9991 14.146 25.9991C14.457 25.9868 15.4986 25.9991 16.6815 25.4524C17.9935 24.8464 18.7405 23.9436 18.7405 23.9436C19.2177 23.4041 19.5971 22.7893 19.8625 22.1256C20.1653 21.3494 20.2664 20.4185 20.2664 20.0464V13.3524C20.307 13.3762 20.8477 13.7249 20.8477 13.7249C20.8477 13.7249 21.6267 14.2117 22.8421 14.5288C23.7141 14.7544 24.8889 14.8019 24.8889 14.8019V11.5625C24.4773 11.6061 23.6414 11.4794 22.7857 11.0634Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a></div></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-6 t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><div class="max-md:t-hidden t-flex t-w-full t-justify-between"><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">Events</li><li><a href="/ie-academy">IE Academy</a></li><li><a href="/podcast/lexicon">Podcasts</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">News</li><li><a href="/?editorsPick=selected">Editor’s Pick</a></li><li><a href="/?trending=selected">Trending</a></li><li><a href="/news">Latest News</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">Topics</li><li><a href="/innovation">Innovation</a></li><li><a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></li><li><a href="/videos">Videos</a></li><li><a href="/guides">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/military">Military</a></li><li><a href="/energy">Energy</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li class="body-small-bold">For Engineers</li><li><a href="/engineers-directory">Engineers Directory</a></li><li><a href="https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/">Engineering Jobs</a></li></ul></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-medium"><li><a href="/about-us">About Us</a></li><li><a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/advertise">Advertise With Us</a></li><li><a href="/subscribe">Subscription</a></li><li><a href="/policies">Policies</a></li><li><a href="/site-map">Site Map</a></li></ul></div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-bg-stroke-secondary !t-h-[96px]"></div><div><ul class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold body-small-medium"><li><a href="#">Pro</a></li><li><a href="/premium">Premium</a></li><li><a href="/newsletters">Newsletters</a></li></ul></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden t-my-6 t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><div class="max-md:t-hidden t-flex t-w-full t-justify-between"><div class="t-flex"><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/policies">Privacy Policy</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/ethics-policy">AI and Ethics</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/generative-ai-editorial-use">Editorial Policy</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/tos">Terms of Services</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200" href="/donotsell">Do Not Sell My Personal Information</a></div><div class="t-flex"><span class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200">© Copyright 2024</span><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><span class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"> IE Media, Inc.</span><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><span class="body-x-small !t-text-gray-200">All Rights Reserved</span></div></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex"><div><ul class="body-small-medium t-text-gray-200 t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2"><li><a href="/about-us">About Us</a></li><li><a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/advertise">Advertise With Us</a></li><li><a href="/subscribe ">Subscription</a></li><li><a href="/policies ">Policies</a></li><li><a href="/site-map ">Site Map</a></li></ul><ul class="body-small-bold t-text-gray-200 t-mt-8 t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2"><li><a href="#">Pro</a></li><li><a href="/premium">Premium</a></li><li><a href="/newsletter">Newsletters</a></li></ul></div><div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-[55px] max-md:t-mx-[20px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div></div><div><div class="w-full !t-text-gray-200 t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-y-2" data-orientation="vertical"><div data-state="open" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="open" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rjmf6la:" aria-expanded="true" data-state="open" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R3mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">Events<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="open" id="radix-:Rjmf6la:" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R3mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"><div class="t-pt-0 body-small-medium t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-y-2"><a href="/ie-academy">IE Academy</a><a href="/podcast/lexicon">Podcasts</a></div></div></div><div data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="closed" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rlmf6la:" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R5mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">News<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="closed" id="radix-:Rlmf6la:" hidden="" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R5mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"></div></div><div data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="closed" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rnmf6la:" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R7mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">Topics<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="closed" id="radix-:Rnmf6la:" hidden="" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R7mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"></div></div><div data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" class=""><h3 data-orientation="vertical" data-state="closed" class="t-flex"><button type="button" aria-controls="radix-:Rpmf6la:" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" data-orientation="vertical" id="radix-:R9mf6la:" class="t-flex t-flex-1 t-items-center t-gap-2 t-font-medium t-transition-all hover:t-underline [&[data-state=open]>svg]:t-rotate-180 !t-text-gray-200 body-small-bold" data-radix-collection-item="">For Engineers<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down t-h-4 t-w-4 t-shrink-0 t-transition-transform t-duration-200"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></h3><div data-state="closed" id="radix-:Rpmf6la:" hidden="" role="region" aria-labelledby="radix-:R9mf6la:" data-orientation="vertical" class="t-overflow-hidden t-text-sm t-transition-all data-[state=closed]:t-animate-accordion-up data-[state=open]:t-animate-accordion-down t-pt-2" style="--radix-accordion-content-height:var(--radix-collapsible-content-height);--radix-accordion-content-width:var(--radix-collapsible-content-width)"></div></div></div></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-hidden t-my-6 t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><a href="/policies">Privacy Policy</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a href="/ethics-policy">AI and Ethics</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a href="/generative-ai-editorial-use">Editorial Policy</a></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 t-flex-wrap t-gap-y-2 t-mt-4 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><a href="/donotsell">Do Not Sell My Personal Information</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><a href="/tos">Terms of Services</a></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 t-flex-wrap t-mt-4 t-gap-y-2 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><span class="t-text-gray-200">© Copyright 2024</span><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px] t-bg-stroke-secondary"></div><span class="t-text-gray-200"> IE Media, Inc.</span></div><div class="md:t-hidden t-mt-2 t-flex t-items-center t-text-gray-200 t-flex-wrap t-gap-y-2 body-x-small !t-text-gray-200"><span class="t-text-gray-200">All Rights Reserved</span></div><a class="!t-text-gray-200 privacy-policy-link body-x-small t-pt-2" href="/policies/privacy-policy" id="pmLink">Privacy Manager</a></div></footer><div class="Toastify"></div><script src="https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-48f6e0fbe564c026.js" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0]);self.__next_f.push([2,null])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:HL[\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/media/a34f9d1faa5f3315-s.p.woff2\",\"font\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"\",\"type\":\"font/woff2\"}]\n2:HL[\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/22db0e48350782c7.css\",\"style\"]\n0:\"$L3\"\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4:HL[\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/fe300eb3a76594e3.css\",\"style\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5:I[33728,[],\"\"]\n7:I[29928,[],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3:[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/22db0e48350782c7.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"$L5\",null,{\"buildId\":\"fJ-Vg9KXubc7cC1Jj1ikR\",\"assetPrefix\":\"https://interestingengineering.com\",\"initialCanonicalUrl\":\"/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"initialTree\":[\"\",{\"children\":[[\"categoryId\",\"science\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[[\"articleId\",\"sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",true],\"initialHead\":[false,\"$L6\"],\"globalErrorComponent\":\"$7\",\"children\":[null,\"$L8\",null]}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9:I[68173,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\na:I[15297,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\""])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nb:I[7338,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nc:I[52219,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nd:I[69825,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"ThemeProvider\"]\ne:I[13991,[\"3447"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\nf:I[56954,[],\"\"]\n10:I[7264,[],\"\"]\n18:I[66316,[\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"3600\",\"static/chunks/3600-db656d5ef353e886.js\",\"7105\",\"static/chunks/7105-c0564fff6073cee4.js\",\"3185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-f4884b1797a5fb0c.js\"],\"\"]\n11:T6762,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"data:image/png;base64,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"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"12:T4b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M19.4827 6.54586C19.3896 6.47494 19.2687 6.45169 19.1558 6.48267L6.13315 10.0703L4.73496 9.66422C4.62181 9.63136 4.4996 9.65358 4.40524 9.7245C4.31089 9.79528 4.25543 9.90637 4.25543 10.0243V13.8754C4.25543 13.9947 4.3122 14.1069 4.40834 14.1776C4.50443 14.2482 4.62832 14.269 4.74232 14.2333L6.04699 13.8256C6.07385 13.8317 6.1017 13.8352 6.13043 13.8352C6.16259 13.8352 6.19353 13.8308 6.22324 13.8232L8.28893 14.4134C8.28893 14.4177 8.28846 14.4219 8.28856 14.4263C8.30984 15.2593 8.65085 16.0397 9.24884 16.6239C9.84804 17.2093 10.6384 17.5316 11.4741 17.5316C12.5596 17.5316 13.5555 16.9847 14.142 16.0857L19.1524 17.5172C19.1863 17.5269 19.2209 17.5316 19.2554 17.5316C19.336 17.5316 19.4154 17.5057 19.4812 17.456C19.5752 17.3851 19.6304 17.2743 19.6304 17.1566V6.84412C19.6304 6.72717 19.5758 6.61683 19.4827 6.54586ZM14.1261 15.3011C14.0896 15.2842 14.0517 15.2736 14.0136 15.269L6.50543 13.1238V10.7456L17.3804 7.74966V16.2308L14.1261 15.3011ZM5.00543 10.5237L5.75543 10.7415V13.131L5.00543 13.3654V10.5237ZM11.4742 16.7817C10.2405 16.7817 9.19971 15.8363 9.0551 14.6324L13.3758 15.8668C12.9178 16.44 12.2239 16.7817 11.4742 16.7817ZM18.8804 16.6595L18.1304 16.4452V7.54308L18.8804 7.33641V16.6595Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"13:T5ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M19.2029 10.4645C19.0923 10.3963 18.9542 10.39 18.8381 10.4481L15.6307 12.0518V11.6506C15.6307 10.9995 15.1271 10.4642 14.4891 10.4129C15.1864 9.82776 15.6307 8.95045 15.6307 7.97095C15.6307 6.21337 14.2008 4.78345 12.4432 4.78345C11.5436 4.78345 10.6984 5.16032 10.0995 5.81081C9.50063 5.16032 8.65538 4.78345 7.75571 4.78345C5.99818 4.78345 4.56821 6.21337 4.56821 7.97095C4.56821 8.95045 5.01263 9.82771 5.70994 10.4129C5.07183 10.4643 4.56821 10.9996 4.56821 11.6506V16.4788C4.56821 17.1638 5.1255 17.721 5.81039 17.721H14.3886C15.0735 17.721 15.6307 17.1638 15.6307 16.4788V16.0778L18.8381 17.6814C18.891 17.7078 18.9484 17.721 19.0057 17.721C19.0743 17.721 19.1427 17.7022 19.2029 17.665C19.3134 17.5967 19.3807 17.476 19.3807 17.346V10.7835C19.3807 10.6537 19.3135 10.5329 19.2029 10.4645ZM5.31821 7.97099C5.31821 6.62699 6.41171 5.53349 7.75571 5.53349C8.57391 5.53349 9.33333 5.94126 9.78718 6.62414C9.85664 6.72871 9.97393 6.79157 10.0995 6.79157C10.2251 6.79157 10.3424 6.72871 10.4118 6.62414C10.8657 5.94131 11.6251 5.53349 12.4432 5.53349C13.7873 5.53349 14.8807 6.62699 14.8807 7.97099C14.8807 9.31509 13.7873 10.4085 12.4432 10.4085H7.75571C6.41171 10.4085 5.31821 9.31509 5.31821 7.97099ZM14.8807 12.6585V15.471V16.4789C14.8807 16.7503 14.66 16.971 14.3886 16.971H5.81039C5.53903 16.971 5.31821 16.7503 5.31821 16.4789V11.6507C5.31821 11.3793 5.53903 11.1585 5.81039 11.1585H7.75571H12.4432H14.3886C14.66 11.1585 14.8807 11.3793 14.8807 11.6507V12.6585ZM18.6307 16.7393L15.6307 15.2393V12.8904L18.6307 11.3904V16.7393Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"14:T89e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M4.51672 17.5631C4.30963 17.5631 4.14172 17.3953 4.14172 17.1881V15.953C4.14172 14.1411 6.93004 13.4152 8.59597 12.9816C8.97688 12.8824 9.30585 12.7967 9.44136 12.7359C9.69679 12.6213 9.7904 12.1442 9.77465 11.6838C9.4085 11.2508 9.12679 10.5958 8.91735 9.69107C8.75643 9.58734 8.60661 9.41826 8.4756 9.19045C8.22224 8.74992 8.02293 8.04623 8.18404 7.54214C8.28838 7.21565 8.49121 7.00978 8.65344 6.89029C8.65302 6.64931 8.65396 6.24989 8.66263 5.92734C8.70261 4.43732 9.50826 3.71507 10.1771 3.37167C10.911 2.99475 11.7 2.95307 12.0115 2.95307C12.0154 2.95298 12.0192 2.95298 12.0231 2.95307C12.3333 2.95307 13.1224 2.99475 13.8563 3.37167C14.5251 3.71507 15.3307 4.43732 15.3708 5.92734C15.3795 6.24989 15.3804 6.64931 15.38 6.89029C15.5421 7.00978 15.745 7.21565 15.8493 7.54214C16.0105 8.04623 15.8112 8.74992 15.5578 9.19035C15.4268 9.41812 15.277 9.58724 15.1161 9.69107C14.9066 10.5955 14.625 11.2504 14.259 11.6834C14.2525 11.891 14.2627 12.2532 14.387 12.512C14.4767 12.6987 14.3981 12.9227 14.2114 13.0124C14.0247 13.1022 13.8006 13.0235 13.711 12.8369C13.4891 12.3749 13.4947 11.8025 13.5178 11.5024C13.5245 11.4154 13.5613 11.3335 13.6218 11.2709C13.9606 10.9196 14.2228 10.2917 14.4232 9.35165C14.4535 9.20976 14.5628 9.09825 14.7035 9.06492C14.7572 9.03965 14.911 8.87606 15.0376 8.53701C15.165 8.19571 15.1783 7.90612 15.1349 7.77051C15.0654 7.55296 14.8875 7.46095 14.8608 7.44825C14.7133 7.3935 14.6279 7.25671 14.6291 7.09889C14.6291 7.09209 14.6338 6.4215 14.621 5.94759C14.5653 3.86742 12.6261 3.70307 12.023 3.70307C12.0192 3.70307 12.0156 3.70307 12.0118 3.70307C11.4075 3.70307 9.46827 3.86732 9.41244 5.94749C9.39974 6.42145 9.40429 7.09209 9.40429 7.09884C9.40541 7.25667 9.32015 7.39345 9.17258 7.4482C9.14586 7.461 8.96802 7.5531 8.89851 7.77046C8.85515 7.90598 8.86846 8.19562 8.99586 8.53696C9.12238 8.87606 9.27627 9.0397 9.32994 9.06487C9.47075 9.0982 9.57997 9.20971 9.61021 9.3516C9.8106 10.2917 10.0728 10.9195 10.4116 11.2708C10.4721 11.3335 10.5089 11.4154 10.5156 11.5023C10.5509 11.9595 10.5467 13.0619 9.74858 13.4201C9.55574 13.5067 9.2324 13.5908 8.78493 13.7073C7.42438 14.0616 4.89172 14.7209 4.89172 15.953V17.188C4.89172 17.3953 4.72382 17.5631 4.51672 17.5631Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"15:T471,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"M18.5286 8.15662H15.1536V7.59412C15.1536 6.6119 14.3546 5.81287 13.3724 5.81287H10.5599C9.57772 5.81287 8.77864 6.6119 8.77864 7.59412V8.15662H5.4035C4.6798 8.15662 4.091 8.74546 4.091 9.46912V12.2817V16.9692C4.091 17.6928 4.6798 18.2817 5.4035 18.2817H18.5286C19.2523 18.2817 19.8411 17.6928 19.8411 16.9692V12.2817V9.46912C19.8411 8.74541 19.2523 8.15662 18.5286 8.15662ZM9.52864 7.59412C9.52864 7.02548 9.99125 6.56287 10.5599 6.56287H13.3724C13.941 6.56287 14.4036 7.02548 14.4036 7.59412V8.15662H9.52864V7.59412ZM4.841 9.46912C4.841 9.15899 5.09333 8.90662 5.4035 8.90662H18.5286C18.8388 8.90662 19.0911 9.15899 19.0911 9.46912V11.9066H4.841V9.46912ZM14.3098 12.6567H16.1848V13.719H14.3098V12.6567ZM7.74744 12.6567H9.62244V13.719H7.74744V12.6567ZM18.5286 17.5317H5.4035C5.09333 17.5317 4.841 17.2792 4.841 16.9692V12.6567H6.99744V14.094C6.99744 14.3012 7.16535 14.469 7.37244 14.469H9.99744C10.2045 14.469 10.3724 14.3012 10.3724 14.094V12.6567H13.5598V14.094C13.5598 14.3012 13.7278 14.469 13.9348 14.469H16.5598C16.7669 14.469 16.9348 14.3012 16.9348 14.094V12.6567H19.0911V16.9692C19.0911 17.2792 18.8388 17.5317 18.5286 17.5317Z"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"head\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"id\":\"adtEmail\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"!function(){'use strict';var e=window.location.search.substring(1).split('\u0026');const t=e=\u003ee.replace(/\\\\s/g,''),o=e=\u003enew Promise((t=\u003e{if(!('msCrypto'in window)\u0026\u0026'https:'===location.protocol\u0026\u0026'crypto'in window\u0026\u0026'TextEncoder'in window){const o=(new TextEncoder).encode(e);crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256',o).then((e=\u003e{const o=Array.from(new Uint8Array(e)).map((e=\u003e('00'+e.toString(16)).slice(-2))).join('');t(o)}))}else t('')}));for(var n=0;n\u003ce.length;n++){var r='adt_ei',i=decodeURIComponent(e[n]);if(0===i.indexOf(r)){var a=i.split(r+'=')[1];if((e=\u003e{const t=e.match(/((?=([a-zA-Z0-9._!#$%+^\u0026*()[\\\\]\u003c\u003e-]+))\\\\2@[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\\\\.[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:''})(t(a.toLowerCase()))){o(a).then((t=\u003e{t.length\u0026\u0026(localStorage.setItem(r,t),localStorage.setItem('adt_emsrc','url'),e.splice(n,1),history.replaceState(null,'','?'+e.join('\u0026')))}));break}}}}(); \"}}],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"\\n (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':\\n new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],\\n j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'\u0026l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=\\n 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);\\n })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WKW2TKP'); \"}}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"property\":\"fb:pages\",\"content\":\"139188202817559\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"property\":\"fb:app_id\",\"content\":\"467815213795758\"}],false]}],[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"className\":\"min-h-screen bg-background font-sans antialiased __variable_7a4a9c\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"noscript\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"iframe\",null,{\"src\":\"https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WKW2TKP\",\"height\":\"0\",\"width\":\"0\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"none\",\"visibility\":\"hidden\"}}]}],[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$La\",null,{\"user\":{\"error\":\"\",\"data\":null,\"isError\":false,\"isLoading\":false,\"isSuccess\":false,\"meta\":{\"isAuthenticated\":false,\"isPremium\":false,\"isBot\":true,\"userIp\":\"\",\"viewport\":\"desktop\",\"showAd\":true}},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lb\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lc\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Ld\",null,{\"defaultTheme\":\"light\",\"enableSystem\":true,\"disableTransitionOnChange\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"slug\":\"/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"md:t-min-h-[calc(100vh-350px)]\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\"],\"loading\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"hasLoading\":false,\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L10\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_main__blB3k\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_banner__pXxaH\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_content__4KF3l\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_errorCodeImage__BDd5z\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"222\",\"height\":\"106\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 222 106\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"xmlnsXlink\":\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"222\",\"height\":\"106\",\"fill\":\"url(#pattern0_12343_12712)\"}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"pattern\",null,{\"id\":\"pattern0_12343_12712\",\"patternContentUnits\":\"objectBoundingBox\",\"width\":\"1\",\"height\":\"1\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"use\",null,{\"xlinkHref\":\"#image0_12343_12712\",\"transform\":\"matrix(0.00139668 0 0 0.00292513 -1.2452e-05 -0.603774)\"}]}],[\"$\",\"image\",null,{\"id\":\"image0_12343_12712\",\"width\":\"716\",\"height\":\"660\",\"xlinkHref\":\"$11\"}]]}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_errorTitle__Ead2l\",\"children\":\"Oops!\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_errorDescription__JFynR\",\"children\":[\"Looks like the page you're looking for doesn't exist.\",[\"$\",\"br\",null,{}],\"But we have dozens of others on our home page.\"]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/\",\"className\":\"__404_homeButton__Wk_Er\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_homeButtonText__QL7WY\",\"children\":\"← Go to homepage\"}]}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_container__qTqgT\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_categories__FMoNi\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/news\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"g\",null,{\"clipPath\":\"url(#clip0_12394_43109)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12.1304 0C5.50296 0 0.130432 5.37277 0.130432 12C0.130432 18.6273 5.50296 24 12.1304 24C18.7579 24 24.1304 18.6273 24.1304 12C24.1304 5.37277 18.7579 0 12.1304 0ZM12.1304 23.25C5.9172 23.25 0.880432 18.2131 0.880432 12C0.880432 5.787 5.9172 0.75 12.1304 0.75C18.3437 0.75 23.3804 5.787 23.3804 12C23.3804 18.2131 18.3437 23.25 12.1304 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"clipPath\",null,{\"id\":\"clip0_12394_43109\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"fill\":\"white\",\"transform\":\"translate(0.130432)\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"News\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/videos\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12 0C5.37253 0 0 5.37277 0 12C0 18.6273 5.37253 24 12 24C18.6274 24 24 18.6273 24 12C24 5.37277 18.6274 0 12 0ZM12 23.25C5.78677 23.25 0.75 18.2131 0.75 12C0.75 5.78695 5.78677 0.75 12 0.75C18.2132 0.75 23.25 5.78695 23.25 12C23.25 18.2131 18.2132 23.25 12 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$13\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M7.75571 8.72095C8.16992 8.72095 8.50571 8.38516 8.50571 7.97095C8.50571 7.55673 8.16992 7.22095 7.75571 7.22095C7.34149 7.22095 7.00571 7.55673 7.00571 7.97095C7.00571 8.38516 7.34149 8.72095 7.75571 8.72095Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12.4432 8.72095C12.8574 8.72095 13.1932 8.38516 13.1932 7.97095C13.1932 7.55673 12.8574 7.22095 12.4432 7.22095C12.029 7.22095 11.6932 7.55673 11.6932 7.97095C11.6932 8.38516 12.029 8.72095 12.4432 8.72095Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"Videos\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/subscribe\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"g\",null,{\"clipPath\":\"url(#clip0_12394_43153)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12 0C5.37253 0 0 5.37277 0 12C0 18.6273 5.37253 24 12 24C18.6274 24 24 18.6273 24 12C24 5.37277 18.6274 0 12 0ZM12 23.25C5.78677 23.25 0.75 18.213 0.75 12C0.75 5.78695 5.78677 0.75 12 0.75C18.2132 0.75 23.25 5.78695 23.25 12C23.25 18.213 18.2132 23.25 12 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M16.0011 19.6239C13.8558 19.6239 12.1105 17.8786 12.1105 15.7333C12.1105 13.588 13.8558 11.8427 16.0011 11.8427C18.1464 11.8427 19.8917 13.588 19.8917 15.7333C19.8917 17.8786 18.1464 19.6239 16.0011 19.6239ZM16.0011 12.5927C14.2694 12.5927 12.8605 14.0015 12.8605 15.7333C12.8605 17.4651 14.2694 18.8739 16.0011 18.8739C17.7328 18.8739 19.1417 17.4651 19.1417 15.7333C19.1417 14.0015 17.7328 12.5927 16.0011 12.5927Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M15.9923 17.7584C15.7852 17.7584 15.6173 17.5905 15.6173 17.3834V14.0747C15.6173 13.8676 15.7852 13.6997 15.9923 13.6997C16.1994 13.6997 16.3673 13.8676 16.3673 14.0747V17.3834C16.3673 17.5905 16.1994 17.7584 15.9923 17.7584Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M17.6467 16.104H14.338C14.1309 16.104 13.963 15.9361 13.963 15.729C13.963 15.5219 14.1309 15.354 14.338 15.354H17.6467C17.8538 15.354 18.0217 15.5219 18.0217 15.729C18.0217 15.9361 17.8538 16.104 17.6467 16.104Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$14\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"clipPath\",null,{\"id\":\"clip0_12394_43153\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"fill\":\"white\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"Subscription\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"/ie-academy\",\"className\":\"__404_category__DYvlM undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 24 24\",\"fill\":\"none\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"g\",null,{\"clipPath\":\"url(#clip0_12394_43178)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M12 0C5.37253 0 0 5.37277 0 12C0 18.6273 5.37253 24 12 24C18.6274 24 24 18.6273 24 12C24 5.37277 18.6274 0 12 0ZM12 23.25C5.78677 23.25 0.75 18.213 0.75 12C0.75 5.78695 5.78677 0.75 12 0.75C18.2132 0.75 23.25 5.78695 23.25 12C23.25 18.213 18.2132 23.25 12 23.25Z\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"$15\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"defs\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"clipPath\",null,{\"id\":\"clip0_12394_43178\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"rect\",null,{\"width\":\"24\",\"height\":\"24\",\"fill\":\"white\"}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"h3\",null,{\"children\":\"IE Academy\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"__404_arrow___ZbSj\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"width\":\"14\",\"height\":\"12\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 14 12\",\"fill\":\"currentColor\",\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"d\":\"M1 6L7 6L13 6M13 6L8.5 1.5M13 6L8.5 10.5\",\"stroke\":\"currentColor\",\"strokeWidth\":\"1.5\",\"strokeLinecap\":\"round\",\"strokeLinejoin\":\"round\"}]}]}]]}]]}]}]]}],\"notFoundStyles\":[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/3daf144e389c5a57.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]],\"childProp\":{\"current\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",[\"categoryId\",\"science\",\"d\"],\"children\"],\"loading\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"hasLoading\":false,\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L10\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"childProp\":{\"current\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",[\"categoryId\",\"science\",\"d\"],\"children\",[\"articleId\",\"sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"d\"],\"children\"],\"loading\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"hasLoading\":false,\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L10\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"childProp\":{\"current\":[\"$L16\",\"$L17\",null],\"segment\":\"__PAGE__\"},\"styles\":[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/_next/static/css/fe300eb3a76594e3.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],\"segment\":[\"articleId\",\"sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"d\"]},\"styles\":[]}],\"segment\":[\"categoryId\",\"science\",\"d\"]},\"styles\":[]}]}],[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"disableAds\":false}]]}]}]}]}]}]]}]]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"title\",\"1\",{\"children\":\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"2\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"name\":\"application-name\",\"content\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"4\",{\"name\":\"author\",\"content\":\"Srishti Gupta\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"5\",{\"rel\":\"manifest\",\"href\":\"/manifest.json\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"6\",{\"name\":\"generator\",\"content\":\"Next.js\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"7\",{\"name\":\"keywords\",\"content\":\"Neural Circuits\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"8\",{\"name\":\"referrer\",\"content\":\"origin\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"9\",{\"name\":\"theme-color\",\"content\":\"#000000\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"10\",{\"name\":\"color-scheme\",\"content\":\"light\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"11\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"12\",{\"name\":\"creator\",\"content\":\"@IntEngineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"13\",{\"name\":\"publisher\",\"content\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"14\",{\"name\":\"robots\",\"content\":\"index, follow, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"15\",{\"rel\":\"canonical\",\"href\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"16\",{\"property\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"17\",{\"property\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"18\",{\"property\":\"og:url\",\"content\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"19\",{\"property\":\"og:site_name\",\"content\":\"Interesting Engineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"20\",{\"property\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"21\",{\"property\":\"og:image:width\",\"content\":\"1920\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"22\",{\"property\":\"og:image:height\",\"content\":\"1080\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"23\",{\"property\":\"og:image:type\",\"content\":\"image/png\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"24\",{\"property\":\"og:type\",\"content\":\"article\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"25\",{\"name\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary_large_image\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"26\",{\"name\":\"twitter:site\",\"content\":\"@IntEngineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"27\",{\"name\":\"twitter:creator\",\"content\":\"@IntEngineering\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"28\",{\"name\":\"twitter:title\",\"content\":\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"29\",{\"name\":\"twitter:description\",\"content\":\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"30\",{\"name\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"31\",{\"rel\":\"shortcut icon\",\"href\":\"/favicon.ico\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"32\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"57x57\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"33\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-60x60.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"60x60\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"34\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-72x72.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"72x72\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"35\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-76x76.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"76x76\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"36\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-114x114.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"114x114\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"37\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-120x120.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"120x120\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"38\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-144x144.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"144x144\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"39\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-152x152.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"152x152\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"40\",{\"rel\":\"apple-touch-icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/apple-icon-180x180.png?v=14\",\"sizes\":\"180x180\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"41\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/android-icon-192x192.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"192x192\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"42\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/favicon-32x32.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"32x32\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"43\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/favicon-96x96.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"96x96\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"44\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/icons/favicon-16x16.png?v=14\",\"type\":\"image/png\",\"sizes\":\"16x16\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"45\",{\"name\":\"next-size-adjust\"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"16:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"19:I[67682,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"DataLayerScript\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1b:I[34012,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e4:I[80034,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e5:I[671,[\"6990\",\"static/chunks/13b76428-6b30cc43e742e4a7.js\",\"3572\",\"static/chunks/70e0d97a-92a267c2db16d5ca.js\",\"7902\",\"static/chunks/54a60aa6-7db6cc992ba288e3.js\",\"3447\",\"static/chunks/3447-94edda3a54c8b950.js\",\"2931\",\"static/chunks/2931-d82f39546b47f3f4.js\",\"2173\",\"static/chunks/2173-915ab78849b3db85.js\",\"6691\",\"static/chunks/6691-f652708f445c4f15.js\",\"4453\",\"static/chunks/4453-8383c30e7e52fe7c.js\",\"8855\",\"static/chunks/8855-1b6f520aab886c00.js\",\"651\",\"static/chunks/651-33c9330aca67638c.js\",\"699\",\"static/chunks/699-f02178258bb80146.js\",\"5125\",\"static/chunks/5125-716fae9a6881d616.js\",\"9615\",\"static/chunks/9615-46fb736e3bca55cf.js\",\"9212\",\"static/chunks/9212-416114feab18f184.js\",\"5697\",\"static/chunks/5697-4343ff2e324a43e4.js\",\"8021\",\"static/chunks/8021-e8b60eb3f7d363eb.js\",\"2808\",\"static/chunks/2808-e53d880cba8b33f7.js\",\"1171\",\"static/chunks/1171-665062a286b079d3.js\",\"2827\",\"static/chunks/2827-c3b59feed177508b.js\",\"7192\",\"static/chunks/app/%5BcategoryId%5D/%5BarticleId%5D/page-b47ba46017d0895c.js\"],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1a:T1403,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef\"},\"headline\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},\"wordCount\":568,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"caption\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Neural Circuits\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"name\":\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/news\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1c:T1d19,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStudy reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef\"},\"headline\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},\"wordCount\":568,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"caption\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Neural Circuits\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"name\":\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1d:T124d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) have identified a neural circuit in the brain that governs sexual rejection in female mammals, providing key insights into the mechanisms shaping social and reproductive behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study reveals how a specific population of progesterone-sensitive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) acts as a switch between acceptance and rejection of mating attempts based on a female’s reproductive state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Sexual rejection isn’t just the absence of receptivity, it’s an active behaviour”, explains Susana Lima, senior author and head of the Neuroethology Lab at CF. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Females exhibit defensive actions like running away, kicking, or boxing the male. We wanted to understand how the brain switches between these two drastically different behavioural states.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tracking-neural-activity-in-real-time\"\u003eTracking neural activity in real time\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. These neurons, responsive to fluctuations in the hormone progesterone, were suspected of playing a role in switching between behavioral states.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing fibre photometry, a technique that measures real-time calcium signals in neurons, researchers observed stark differences in activity levels of progesterone-sensitive neurons in female mice during interactions with males. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn non-receptive females, these neurons became highly active, correlating with rejection behaviors. In contrast, their activity decreased during fertile phases, allowing mating to occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It appears that progesterone-responsive neurons in the anterior VMH act as gatekeepers for sexual rejection”, says co-first author Basma Husain. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team confirmed their role through optogenetics, a method that uses light to control neural activity. Activating these neurons during the fertile phase triggered rejection behaviors, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection, though it did not induce full receptivity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-dual-knobs-of-female-reproductive-behavior\"\u003eThe dual knobs of female reproductive behavior\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research also highlighted the dual-system nature of behavioral control in the VMH. While progesterone-sensitive neurons in the anterior VMH govern rejection, their counterparts in the posterior VMH regulate receptivity. These populations work in tandem, responding to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals based on a female’s internal state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This setup gives the brain two ‘knobs’ to adjust”, Lima explains. “It’s a more efficient and robust way for the brain to balance these behaviours, ensuring mating occurs when conception is most likely, while minimising the risks and costs of mating, such as exposure to predators or diseases”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study sheds light on how hormonal and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/biohybrid-robot-control-with-wireless-neuron-stimulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneural mechanisms\u003c/a\u003e interact to shape behavior, offering potential insights into human health. The VMH is present in humans and may play similar roles in regulating reproductive and social behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAbnormalities in this \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebrain\u003c/a\u003e region have been linked to conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and altered social behaviors stemming from early-life isolation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings underscore the VMH’s clinical relevance,” says Lima. “By understanding its role in normal and pathological conditions, we may uncover new pathways for addressing reproductive and social disorders.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond reproductive behavior, the study opens the door to exploring how similar mechanisms might govern other complex social interactions. “The VMH exists in humans and likely plays similar roles”, notes Lima. “Recent studies in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-animal-cell-grow-mouse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emouse\u003c/a\u003e models have shown that the VMH changes in pathological conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Additionally, socially isolating female mice during development may lead to reduced sexual receptivity, with alterations in the same brain area, underscoring the VMH’s clinical relevance”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in \u003cem\u003eNeuron\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn non-receptive females, these neurons became highly active, correlating with rejection behaviors. In contrast, their activity decreased during fertile phases, allowing mating to occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It appears that progesterone-responsive neurons in the anterior VMH act as gatekeepers for sexual rejection”, says co-first author Basma Husain. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team confirmed their role through optogenetics, a method that uses light to control neural activity. Activating these neurons during the fertile phase triggered rejection behaviors, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection, though it did not induce full receptivity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-dual-knobs-of-female-reproductive-behavior\"\u003eThe dual knobs of female reproductive behavior\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research also highlighted the dual-system nature of behavioral control in the VMH. While progesterone-sensitive neurons in the anterior VMH govern rejection, their counterparts in the posterior VMH regulate receptivity. These populations work in tandem, responding to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals based on a female’s internal state.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1f:T4f5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This setup gives the brain two ‘knobs’ to adjust”, Lima explains. “It’s a more efficient and robust way for the brain to balance these behaviours, ensuring mating occurs when conception is most likely, while minimising the risks and costs of mating, such as exposure to predators or diseases”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study sheds light on how hormonal and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/biohybrid-robot-control-with-wireless-neuron-stimulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneural mechanisms\u003c/a\u003e interact to shape behavior, offering potential insights into human health. The VMH is present in humans and may play similar roles in regulating reproductive and social behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAbnormalities in this \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebrain\u003c/a\u003e region have been linked to conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and altered social behaviors stemming from early-life isolation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings underscore the VMH’s clinical relevance,” says Lima. “By understanding its role in normal and pathological conditions, we may uncover new pathways for addressing reproductive and social disorders.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:T1c21,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T18:51:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\"},\"wordCount\":551,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"AI\",\"biometric\",\"fighter jet\",\"humans\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sensor\",\"washing machine\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"name\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"The \\\"Future Human Washing Machine\\\" combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T1185,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-human-washing-machine\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T430,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T506,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T1e0e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/509efea0bd86f772177457b7c1a16164\"},\"headline\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"},\"wordCount\":1482,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"caption\":\"AGI\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"AI\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"AI Logs\",\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"name\":\"AGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"AGI\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Columns\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/columns\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"AI Logs\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/columns/ai-logs\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"2812\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T314b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T61d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T6c1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T564,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T560,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T4b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T4a3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T722,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"wordCount\":578,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"name\":\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T1fab,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to boost efficiency and profits.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to boost efficiency and profits.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\"},\"wordCount\":732,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Agriculture\",\"AI\",\"Farming\",\"robot\",\"Soil Conservation\",\"Sustainability\",\"UK\",\"University of Plymouth\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"name\":\"UK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\",\"description\":\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to boost efficiency and profits.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"351\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T1bd6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists are testing a new robotic technology to help farmers quickly assess soil health in the United Kingdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA gamma ray detector, developed by a local Cornish company, is being used to map soil quality on fields in Cornwell. The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:Tb17,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"34:T630,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:T6e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter.\\nCredits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"name\":\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter. Credits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"324\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T15d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T1f49,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\"},\"wordCount\":519,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"48\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T12fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T62f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T49e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:T208d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eeVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"eVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778\"},\"headline\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\"},\"wordCount\":654,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"name\":\"eVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"720\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:T1681,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T4f3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T456,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T6e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T1c78,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/6941f82106e837617793aa38635c4fe3\"},\"headline\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\"},\"wordCount\":512,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"caption\":\"BYD Blade Battery\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Battery\",\"battery design\",\"Blade battery\",\"BYD\",\"China\",\"EV battery\",\"South Korea\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Transportation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"name\":\"EV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"BYD Blade Battery\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T10bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-benefits\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T200e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"wordCount\":540,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"name\":\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"335\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T139a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T425,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T6b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T1f3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef\"},\"headline\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\"},\"wordCount\":533,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"547\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T14e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T49a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"52:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T1e3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld\u0026#039;s oldest lizard fossil rewrites evolution by 35 million years\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World\u0026#039;s oldest lizard fossil rewrites evolution by 35 million years\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:46:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"},\"wordCount\":541,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm.\\nLavinia Gandolfi\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"Culture\",\"fossil\",\"fossil discovery\",\"Lizard\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"name\":\"World's oldest lizard fossil rewrites evolution by 35 million years\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"Discovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm. Lavinia Gandolfi\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CCBxD0F1hr0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"279\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T1693,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA small, fossilized lizard, hidden in a museum cupboard for decades, has been identified as a significant find.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ancient lizard was a fearsome predator in its time. In the original 2022 study, the fossil species was named \u003cem\u003eCryptovaranoides microlanius\u003c/em\u003e, which means \u0026#8220;hidden lizard, small butcher.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Bristol researchers conducted a fresh analysis of the specimen and suggested it challenges our understanding of lizard evolution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they state that the fossil pushes the origin of modern lizards back by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123449\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg 500w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLizard fossil – the skull in side view. \u003cem\u003eDavid Whiteside\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discovered-back-in-1953\"\u003eDiscovered back in 1953\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil was unearthed from a South Gloucestershire quarry way back in 1953. In the 1980s, the fossilized specimen became part of the Natural History Museum’s permanent collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, its true identity remained obscured as scanning technology was not advanced enough to penetrate the rock encasing the fossil.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study describes it as one of the oldest known lizards, pushing back the timeline of lizard evolution by millions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team proposes that the fossil is affiliated with modern anguimorphs, such as anguids and monitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil examination suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e was a carnivore, equipped with sharp, blade-like teeth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dental adaptation would have allowed it to efficiently capture and consume insects, spiders, and small vertebrates that were prevalent during the Triassic period, over 200 million years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-true-identity-debate\"\u003eThe true identity debate \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy carefully examining the fossil\u0026#8217;s skull and skeleton, the researchers were able to identify specific anatomical features that look similar to those found in modern lizards. It closely resembles the Anguimorpha group (which includes monitor lizards and worm lizards).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis detailed analysis allowed them to confidently classify the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossil\u003c/a\u003e as a member of the Squamata order, the group that encompasses all lizards and snakes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt significantly predates the previously accepted origin of the Squamata clade by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“All the details of the skull, the jaws, the teeth, and the limb bones confirm that Cryptovaranoides is a lizard, not an archosauromorph [related to crocodilians and dinosaurs.],” said Professor Mike Benton, the study author, who was also part of the original work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abq8274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2022 study\u003c/a\u003e sparked debate about the fossil\u0026#8217;s classification as a lizard. Some studies even suggested it wasn\u0026#8217;t related to lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, comparing the fossil to various lizard and archosaur groups.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing advanced imaging techniques, scientists were able to confirm the lizard\u0026#8217;s identity beyond doubt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis consistently supported their original conclusion, solidifying the fossil\u0026#8217;s position as the oldest known modern-type lizard.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We knew our paper would be controversial. But we were confident that we had looked at every possible feature and compared it with everything we could,” said David Whiteside.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In our new paper, we provide great detail of every criticism made and we provide more photographs of the specimen and 3D images from the scans, so everyone can check the detail,” Whiteside concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://uob-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hu21584_bristol_ac_uk/Documents/Desktop/cyber-security-article.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRoyal Society Open Science. \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CCBxD0F1hr0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T43b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\"\u003e200-million-year-old lizard found in storeroom cupboard pushes origin of reptiles by 35 million years\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/soft-robot-self-amputation-infusion\"\u003eWith lizard-like self-amputation, Yale robot detaches arms and fuses at will\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\"\u003eNew species of ancient aquatic lizard unearthed in North Dakota\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T71a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Bristol researchers conducted a fresh analysis of the specimen and suggested it challenges our understanding of lizard evolution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they state that the fossil pushes the origin of modern lizards back by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123449\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg 500w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLizard fossil – the skull in side view. \u003cem\u003eDavid Whiteside\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discovered-back-in-1953\"\u003eDiscovered back in 1953\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil was unearthed from a South Gloucestershire quarry way back in 1953. In the 1980s, the fossilized specimen became part of the Natural History Museum’s permanent collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, its true identity remained obscured as scanning technology was not advanced enough to penetrate the rock encasing the fossil.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study describes it as one of the oldest known lizards, pushing back the timeline of lizard evolution by millions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team proposes that the fossil is affiliated with modern anguimorphs, such as anguids and monitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil examination suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e was a carnivore, equipped with sharp, blade-like teeth. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T512,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dental adaptation would have allowed it to efficiently capture and consume insects, spiders, and small vertebrates that were prevalent during the Triassic period, over 200 million years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-true-identity-debate\"\u003eThe true identity debate \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy carefully examining the fossil\u0026#8217;s skull and skeleton, the researchers were able to identify specific anatomical features that look similar to those found in modern lizards. It closely resembles the Anguimorpha group (which includes monitor lizards and worm lizards).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis detailed analysis allowed them to confidently classify the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossil\u003c/a\u003e as a member of the Squamata order, the group that encompasses all lizards and snakes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt significantly predates the previously accepted origin of the Squamata clade by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“All the details of the skull, the jaws, the teeth, and the limb bones confirm that Cryptovaranoides is a lizard, not an archosauromorph [related to crocodilians and dinosaurs.],” said Professor Mike Benton, the study author, who was also part of the original work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T560,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abq8274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2022 study\u003c/a\u003e sparked debate about the fossil\u0026#8217;s classification as a lizard. Some studies even suggested it wasn\u0026#8217;t related to lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, comparing the fossil to various lizard and archosaur groups.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing advanced imaging techniques, scientists were able to confirm the lizard\u0026#8217;s identity beyond doubt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis consistently supported their original conclusion, solidifying the fossil\u0026#8217;s position as the oldest known modern-type lizard.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We knew our paper would be controversial. But we were confident that we had looked at every possible feature and compared it with everything we could,” said David Whiteside.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In our new paper, we provide great detail of every criticism made and we provide more photographs of the specimen and 3D images from the scans, so everyone can check the detail,” Whiteside concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T43b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\"\u003e200-million-year-old lizard found in storeroom cupboard pushes origin of reptiles by 35 million years\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/soft-robot-self-amputation-infusion\"\u003eWith lizard-like self-amputation, Yale robot detaches arms and fuses at will\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\"\u003eNew species of ancient aquatic lizard unearthed in North Dakota\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T1fbe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBreakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Breakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"wordCount\":533,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"caption\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Credit: Philip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Catalyst\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Sustainability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"name\":\"Breakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Credit: Philip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T1316,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T804,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"wordCount\":578,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"name\":\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter.\\nCredits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"name\":\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter. Credits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"324\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T15d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"wordCount\":535,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"name\":\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"description\":\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"33\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T2018,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"wordCount\":573,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"name\":\"Mercedes' new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"378\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T14f2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T4ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T61e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"wordCount\":535,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"name\":\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"description\":\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"33\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T1ec7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSuperalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"wordCount\":604,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"name\":\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"720\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T1818,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T41f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T54c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T8a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T1cc6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/6941f82106e837617793aa38635c4fe3\"},\"headline\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\"},\"wordCount\":531,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"caption\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"keywords\":[\"BCI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Neuralink\",\"Robotic Arm\",\"Study\",\"X\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"name\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Neuralink says that the study's launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T1173,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink, the brain-computer interface firm, said it has received a green light to launch a new feasibility study for using its brain implant and a robotic arm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThrough a post on X, Neuralink announced the approval and launch of the feasibility study to extend brain-computer interface (BCI) control using the N1 implant to “an investigational assistive robotic arm.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe startup says that the launch of the study is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom in those that need it the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T46a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T5f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T4d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T1d19,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eStudy reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef\"},\"headline\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},\"wordCount\":568,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"caption\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Neural Circuits\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"name\":\"Study reveals brain neurons governing sexual rejection in female mammals\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Activating certain neurons during fertile phases set off rejection behavior, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T124d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) have identified a neural circuit in the brain that governs sexual rejection in female mammals, providing key insights into the mechanisms shaping social and reproductive behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study reveals how a specific population of progesterone-sensitive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) acts as a switch between acceptance and rejection of mating attempts based on a female’s reproductive state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Sexual rejection isn’t just the absence of receptivity, it’s an active behaviour”, explains Susana Lima, senior author and head of the Neuroethology Lab at CF. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Females exhibit defensive actions like running away, kicking, or boxing the male. We wanted to understand how the brain switches between these two drastically different behavioural states.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tracking-neural-activity-in-real-time\"\u003eTracking neural activity in real time\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. These neurons, responsive to fluctuations in the hormone progesterone, were suspected of playing a role in switching between behavioral states.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing fibre photometry, a technique that measures real-time calcium signals in neurons, researchers observed stark differences in activity levels of progesterone-sensitive neurons in female mice during interactions with males. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn non-receptive females, these neurons became highly active, correlating with rejection behaviors. In contrast, their activity decreased during fertile phases, allowing mating to occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It appears that progesterone-responsive neurons in the anterior VMH act as gatekeepers for sexual rejection”, says co-first author Basma Husain. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team confirmed their role through optogenetics, a method that uses light to control neural activity. Activating these neurons during the fertile phase triggered rejection behaviors, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection, though it did not induce full receptivity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-dual-knobs-of-female-reproductive-behavior\"\u003eThe dual knobs of female reproductive behavior\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research also highlighted the dual-system nature of behavioral control in the VMH. While progesterone-sensitive neurons in the anterior VMH govern rejection, their counterparts in the posterior VMH regulate receptivity. These populations work in tandem, responding to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals based on a female’s internal state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This setup gives the brain two ‘knobs’ to adjust”, Lima explains. “It’s a more efficient and robust way for the brain to balance these behaviours, ensuring mating occurs when conception is most likely, while minimising the risks and costs of mating, such as exposure to predators or diseases”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study sheds light on how hormonal and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/biohybrid-robot-control-with-wireless-neuron-stimulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneural mechanisms\u003c/a\u003e interact to shape behavior, offering potential insights into human health. The VMH is present in humans and may play similar roles in regulating reproductive and social behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAbnormalities in this \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebrain\u003c/a\u003e region have been linked to conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and altered social behaviors stemming from early-life isolation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings underscore the VMH’s clinical relevance,” says Lima. “By understanding its role in normal and pathological conditions, we may uncover new pathways for addressing reproductive and social disorders.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond reproductive behavior, the study opens the door to exploring how similar mechanisms might govern other complex social interactions. “The VMH exists in humans and likely plays similar roles”, notes Lima. “Recent studies in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-animal-cell-grow-mouse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emouse\u003c/a\u003e models have shown that the VMH changes in pathological conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Additionally, socially isolating female mice during development may lead to reduced sexual receptivity, with alterations in the same brain area, underscoring the VMH’s clinical relevance”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in \u003cem\u003eNeuron\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn non-receptive females, these neurons became highly active, correlating with rejection behaviors. In contrast, their activity decreased during fertile phases, allowing mating to occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It appears that progesterone-responsive neurons in the anterior VMH act as gatekeepers for sexual rejection”, says co-first author Basma Husain. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team confirmed their role through optogenetics, a method that uses light to control neural activity. Activating these neurons during the fertile phase triggered rejection behaviors, while silencing them in non-receptive females reduced rejection, though it did not induce full receptivity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-dual-knobs-of-female-reproductive-behavior\"\u003eThe dual knobs of female reproductive behavior\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research also highlighted the dual-system nature of behavioral control in the VMH. While progesterone-sensitive neurons in the anterior VMH govern rejection, their counterparts in the posterior VMH regulate receptivity. These populations work in tandem, responding to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals based on a female’s internal state.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T4f5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This setup gives the brain two ‘knobs’ to adjust”, Lima explains. “It’s a more efficient and robust way for the brain to balance these behaviours, ensuring mating occurs when conception is most likely, while minimising the risks and costs of mating, such as exposure to predators or diseases”.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study sheds light on how hormonal and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/biohybrid-robot-control-with-wireless-neuron-stimulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eneural mechanisms\u003c/a\u003e interact to shape behavior, offering potential insights into human health. The VMH is present in humans and may play similar roles in regulating reproductive and social behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAbnormalities in this \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebrain\u003c/a\u003e region have been linked to conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and altered social behaviors stemming from early-life isolation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings underscore the VMH’s clinical relevance,” says Lima. “By understanding its role in normal and pathological conditions, we may uncover new pathways for addressing reproductive and social disorders.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T1c21,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T18:51:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/8907e6b64d1f6042bf56b2ce5fdfcb57\"},\"headline\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\"},\"wordCount\":551,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"AI\",\"biometric\",\"fighter jet\",\"humans\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sensor\",\"washing machine\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"name\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"The \\\"Future Human Washing Machine\\\" combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T1185,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-human-washing-machine\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T430,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T506,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T1e0e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/509efea0bd86f772177457b7c1a16164\"},\"headline\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"},\"wordCount\":1482,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"caption\":\"AGI\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"AI\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"AI Logs\",\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"name\":\"AGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"AGI\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Columns\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/columns\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"AI Logs\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/columns/ai-logs\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"2812\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T314b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T61d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T6c1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T564,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T560,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T4b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T4a3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"90:T722,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"wordCount\":578,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"name\":\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T1fab,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to boost efficiency and profits.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to boost efficiency and profits.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\"},\"wordCount\":732,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Agriculture\",\"AI\",\"Farming\",\"robot\",\"Soil Conservation\",\"Sustainability\",\"UK\",\"University of Plymouth\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"name\":\"UK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\",\"description\":\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to boost efficiency and profits.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"351\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T1bd6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists are testing a new robotic technology to help farmers quickly assess soil health in the United Kingdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA gamma ray detector, developed by a local Cornish company, is being used to map soil quality on fields in Cornwell. The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:Tb17,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:T630,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T6e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter.\\nCredits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"name\":\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter. Credits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"324\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T15d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:T1f49,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\"},\"wordCount\":519,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"48\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T12fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T62f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T49e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T208d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eeVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"eVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/99e7d13d21e76ff8ef080551eb758778\"},\"headline\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\"},\"wordCount\":654,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Energy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"name\":\"eVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"720\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:T1681,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T4f3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T456,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T6e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T1c78,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/6941f82106e837617793aa38635c4fe3\"},\"headline\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\"},\"wordCount\":512,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"caption\":\"BYD Blade Battery\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Battery\",\"battery design\",\"Blade battery\",\"BYD\",\"China\",\"EV battery\",\"South Korea\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Transportation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"name\":\"EV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"BYD Blade Battery\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T10bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-benefits\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T200e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"},\"wordCount\":540,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"name\":\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"335\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T139a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T425,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T6b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T1f3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Srishti Gupta\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d01f73e14a43a65d3eba0c492e584aef\"},\"headline\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\"},\"wordCount\":533,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"547\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:T14e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T49a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T1e3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eWorld\u0026#039;s oldest lizard fossil rewrites evolution by 35 million years\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Discovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World\u0026#039;s oldest lizard fossil rewrites evolution by 35 million years\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:46:39+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"},\"wordCount\":541,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm.\\nLavinia Gandolfi\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"Culture\",\"fossil\",\"fossil discovery\",\"Lizard\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"name\":\"World's oldest lizard fossil rewrites evolution by 35 million years\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"Discovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm. Lavinia Gandolfi\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CCBxD0F1hr0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"279\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:46:32+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T1693,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA small, fossilized lizard, hidden in a museum cupboard for decades, has been identified as a significant find.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ancient lizard was a fearsome predator in its time. In the original 2022 study, the fossil species was named \u003cem\u003eCryptovaranoides microlanius\u003c/em\u003e, which means \u0026#8220;hidden lizard, small butcher.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Bristol researchers conducted a fresh analysis of the specimen and suggested it challenges our understanding of lizard evolution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they state that the fossil pushes the origin of modern lizards back by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123449\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg 500w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLizard fossil – the skull in side view. \u003cem\u003eDavid Whiteside\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discovered-back-in-1953\"\u003eDiscovered back in 1953\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil was unearthed from a South Gloucestershire quarry way back in 1953. In the 1980s, the fossilized specimen became part of the Natural History Museum’s permanent collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, its true identity remained obscured as scanning technology was not advanced enough to penetrate the rock encasing the fossil.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study describes it as one of the oldest known lizards, pushing back the timeline of lizard evolution by millions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team proposes that the fossil is affiliated with modern anguimorphs, such as anguids and monitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil examination suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e was a carnivore, equipped with sharp, blade-like teeth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dental adaptation would have allowed it to efficiently capture and consume insects, spiders, and small vertebrates that were prevalent during the Triassic period, over 200 million years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-true-identity-debate\"\u003eThe true identity debate \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy carefully examining the fossil\u0026#8217;s skull and skeleton, the researchers were able to identify specific anatomical features that look similar to those found in modern lizards. It closely resembles the Anguimorpha group (which includes monitor lizards and worm lizards).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis detailed analysis allowed them to confidently classify the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossil\u003c/a\u003e as a member of the Squamata order, the group that encompasses all lizards and snakes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt significantly predates the previously accepted origin of the Squamata clade by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“All the details of the skull, the jaws, the teeth, and the limb bones confirm that Cryptovaranoides is a lizard, not an archosauromorph [related to crocodilians and dinosaurs.],” said Professor Mike Benton, the study author, who was also part of the original work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abq8274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2022 study\u003c/a\u003e sparked debate about the fossil\u0026#8217;s classification as a lizard. Some studies even suggested it wasn\u0026#8217;t related to lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, comparing the fossil to various lizard and archosaur groups.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing advanced imaging techniques, scientists were able to confirm the lizard\u0026#8217;s identity beyond doubt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis consistently supported their original conclusion, solidifying the fossil\u0026#8217;s position as the oldest known modern-type lizard.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We knew our paper would be controversial. But we were confident that we had looked at every possible feature and compared it with everything we could,” said David Whiteside.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In our new paper, we provide great detail of every criticism made and we provide more photographs of the specimen and 3D images from the scans, so everyone can check the detail,” Whiteside concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://uob-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hu21584_bristol_ac_uk/Documents/Desktop/cyber-security-article.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRoyal Society Open Science. \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CCBxD0F1hr0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T43b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\"\u003e200-million-year-old lizard found in storeroom cupboard pushes origin of reptiles by 35 million years\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/soft-robot-self-amputation-infusion\"\u003eWith lizard-like self-amputation, Yale robot detaches arms and fuses at will\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\"\u003eNew species of ancient aquatic lizard unearthed in North Dakota\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T71a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Bristol researchers conducted a fresh analysis of the specimen and suggested it challenges our understanding of lizard evolution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, they state that the fossil pushes the origin of modern lizards back by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123449\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg 500w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lizard-article.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLizard fossil – the skull in side view. \u003cem\u003eDavid Whiteside\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-discovered-back-in-1953\"\u003eDiscovered back in 1953\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil was unearthed from a South Gloucestershire quarry way back in 1953. In the 1980s, the fossilized specimen became part of the Natural History Museum’s permanent collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, its true identity remained obscured as scanning technology was not advanced enough to penetrate the rock encasing the fossil.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis new study describes it as one of the oldest known lizards, pushing back the timeline of lizard evolution by millions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team proposes that the fossil is affiliated with modern anguimorphs, such as anguids and monitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossil examination suggests that the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e was a carnivore, equipped with sharp, blade-like teeth. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T512,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dental adaptation would have allowed it to efficiently capture and consume insects, spiders, and small vertebrates that were prevalent during the Triassic period, over 200 million years ago.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-true-identity-debate\"\u003eThe true identity debate \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy carefully examining the fossil\u0026#8217;s skull and skeleton, the researchers were able to identify specific anatomical features that look similar to those found in modern lizards. It closely resembles the Anguimorpha group (which includes monitor lizards and worm lizards).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis detailed analysis allowed them to confidently classify the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efossil\u003c/a\u003e as a member of the Squamata order, the group that encompasses all lizards and snakes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt significantly predates the previously accepted origin of the Squamata clade by 35 million years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“All the details of the skull, the jaws, the teeth, and the limb bones confirm that Cryptovaranoides is a lizard, not an archosauromorph [related to crocodilians and dinosaurs.],” said Professor Mike Benton, the study author, who was also part of the original work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T560,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abq8274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2022 study\u003c/a\u003e sparked debate about the fossil\u0026#8217;s classification as a lizard. Some studies even suggested it wasn\u0026#8217;t related to lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, comparing the fossil to various lizard and archosaur groups.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing advanced imaging techniques, scientists were able to confirm the lizard\u0026#8217;s identity beyond doubt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis consistently supported their original conclusion, solidifying the fossil\u0026#8217;s position as the oldest known modern-type lizard.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We knew our paper would be controversial. But we were confident that we had looked at every possible feature and compared it with everything we could,” said David Whiteside.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“In our new paper, we provide great detail of every criticism made and we provide more photographs of the specimen and 3D images from the scans, so everyone can check the detail,” Whiteside concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T43b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cul\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/200-million-lizard-origin-35-million\"\u003e200-million-year-old lizard found in storeroom cupboard pushes origin of reptiles by 35 million years\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/soft-robot-self-amputation-infusion\"\u003eWith lizard-like self-amputation, Yale robot detaches arms and fuses at will\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \t\u003cli class=\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-species-of-ancient-aquatic-lizard-unearthed-in-north-dakota\"\u003eNew species of ancient aquatic lizard unearthed in North Dakota\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv class=\"SoAPf\"\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e\r\n\u003c/div\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T1fbe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eBreakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Breakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},\"wordCount\":533,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"caption\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Credit: Philip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Catalyst\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Sustainability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"name\":\"Breakthrough heatproof US tech turns CO2 into clean fuel source\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"The researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Credit: Philip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"57\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-27T09:12:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T1316,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Syngas is important because it\u0026#8217;s a platform for the production of a lot of chemicals of mass consumption,” said Felipe Polo-Garzon, the lead author from ORNL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-deactivation-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming deactivation challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dry reforming of methane is a chemical reaction that requires a significant amount of energy to initiate and sustain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis energy input is provided in the form of a high temperature of 650 degrees Celsius (1,200 degrees Fahrenheit).\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the high temperature leads to two deactivation processes of the catalyst.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne challenge is sintering, which diminishes the catalyst\u0026#8217;s ability to interact with reactants. The other is coking, a process that suffocates the catalyst with carbon deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ORNL team has overcome this by developing a novel catalyst that is highly resistant to deactivation. This catalyst precisely controls the interactions between the metal active sites and the support material.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T804,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, this catalyst prevents the formation of coke and sintering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Zero Emission Cement\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RhpqAYsMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-approach\"\u003eSustainable approach\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCatalysts\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8216; high surface area facilitates numerous reactant interactions, boosting reaction rates. Nickel\u0026#8217;s electronic properties enable it to bind reactants, easing chemical bond disruption and creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional method for producing syngas is steam reforming of methane, which is a water-intensive process that also releases \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecarbon dioxide\u003c/a\u003e as a byproduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs compared, dry reforming of methane offers a more sustainable approach.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process directly converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas without requiring additional water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e, the novel catalyst demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity and stability for the dry reforming of the methane process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We\u0026#8217;re effectively creating a strong bond between the nickel and the zeolite host. This strong bond makes our catalyst resistant to degradation at high temperatures,” Polo-Garzon said. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"wordCount\":578,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"name\":\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Skull, Ossuary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter.\\nCredits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"name\":\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. Pictured are pieces of the filter. Credits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"324\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T15d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"wordCount\":535,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"name\":\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"description\":\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"33\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T2018,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"wordCount\":573,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"name\":\"Mercedes' new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"378\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T14f2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T4ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T61e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"},\"wordCount\":535,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"name\":\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\",\"description\":\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"33\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:T1ec7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSuperalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ameya Paleja\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/228699245718b47295471284aabc21c5\"},\"headline\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},\"wordCount\":604,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"name\":\"Superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"Liquid metal coolants used inside fusion reactors threaten the structural integrity of reactor. A ODS alloy coating is favored to prevent structural damage from within.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"720\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T11:57:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T1818,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T41f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNuclear fusion is expected to play a major role in this energy transition as the world works to phase out fossil fuels and turn to cleaner energy sources. Unlike its fission counterpart, nuclear fusion does not produce radioactive waste. The process replicates the reactions that occur in the Sun and, therefore, requires extremely high temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis requires using advanced materials and liquid metal coolants to extract heat from the reactor when necessary. However, these coolants, typically made from lithium and lithium-lead (LiPb) alloys, are highly corrosive and threaten the structural integrity of the reactor vessel. This is where ODS alloys can help.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat is an ODS alloy?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOxide dispersion-strengthened alloys are alloys with small oxide particles dispersed within them. These alloys have better strength than regular alloys because the incoherency of oxide particles results in higher interfacial energy and reduces the likelihood of dislocation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T54c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe material also has high ductility and heat resistance, making it a viable option for high-temperature applications such as high-temperature turbine blades and heat exchangers. Extreme applications of ODS include coating spacecraft during re-entry and now in fusion nuclear reactors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eODS FeCrAl alloys are promising candidates for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-health-energy-cars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e reactors because they can form protective oxide layers such as α-Al2O3 under high-temperature conditions. Since LiPb alloys are highly corrosive, researchers at the Institute of Tokyo Science and collaborators were keen to study their interaction closely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tests-with-ods-alloys\"\u003eTests with ODS alloys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the laboratory, the research teams tested two ODS FeCrAl alloys, SP10 and NF12, under static and stirred-flow conditions at 873 Kelvin (~600 degrees Celsius, 1112°F) to simulate conditions in fusion reactor coolant systems. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research team investigated the microstructure of the protective oxide layer on the alloy surfaces in more detail by deploying techniques like metallurgical analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T8a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123239\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NF2.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCorrosion test of ODS FeCrAl alloys in liquid LiPb at 873K (left and center) and STEM cross-sectional observation on the surface of pre-oxidized alloy after exposure to liquid LiPb flow (right). Image credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1050484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMasatoshi Kondo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team found that the Al2O3 layer was effective in preventing corrosion initially but also transformed into α-/γ-LiAlO2 after reacting with lithium. Even if ODS alloy was not pre-oxidized, it formed a self-protective layer under these conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth these oxidized layers showed high resistance to exfoliation and adhered strongly to the alloy surface even under high thermal stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The lithium-aluminum oxide layer’s durability shows that these alloys could last longer in high-temperature, high-stress settings,” said Masatoshi Kondo, an associate professor at Tokyo Science, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.isct.ac.jp/en/news/x3wqkz0v529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This layer serves as a sustainable shield that continues protecting reactor components even after initial wear.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings could help develop \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e that run safely when operated for extended periods of time. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"de:T426,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings show that ODS FeCrAl alloys, with their ability to form durable protective layers, could play a vital role in the future of fusion reactors and other high-temperature power systems,” concluded Kondo in the press release.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCorrosion Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=2\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T1cc6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Neuralink says that the study\u0026#039;s launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/6941f82106e837617793aa38635c4fe3\"},\"headline\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\"},\"wordCount\":531,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"caption\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"keywords\":[\"BCI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Neuralink\",\"Robotic Arm\",\"Study\",\"X\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"name\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to soon trial brain chip to control robot arm\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T10:55:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T10:59:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Neuralink says that the study's launch is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e0:T1173,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink, the brain-computer interface firm, said it has received a green light to launch a new feasibility study for using its brain implant and a robotic arm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThrough a post on X, Neuralink announced the approval and launch of the feasibility study to extend brain-computer interface (BCI) control using the N1 implant to “an investigational assistive robotic arm.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe startup says that the launch of the study is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom in those that need it the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:T46a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eNeuralink’s ongoing studies\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink’s PRIME study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible BCI implant in a part of the brain that plans movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis implant allows the people with quadriplegia to control external devices like computers, and smartphones with their thoughts. The BCI implant removes the need for any physical movement or the need of any wires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMusk’s startup has been inviting people with disabilities – like limited or no ability to use both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) \u0026#8211; to join their patient registry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier this year, Noland Arbaugh, a 30-year-old who became paralyzed from the shoulders down after a 2016 accident, became the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efirst person\u003c/a\u003e to receive Neuralink’s brain implant in January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e2:T5f6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere had been challenges in the journey, but Neuralink had been able to adjust the implant’s algorithm to enhance its sensitivity and restore its functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this, during a podcast in August Musk had stated that the BCI implant was also working well in the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esecond patient\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNeuralink has been planning to expand its clinical trials significantly, and it to implant the device in eight more patients within the year. This expansion represents a critical step in validating the technology’s effectiveness and safety on a larger scale.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recent-announcements-from-musk-s-startup\"\u003eRecent announcements from Musk’s startup\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eannouncement\u003c/a\u003e over the feasibility study to extend BCI control using the N1 Implant to an investigational assistive robotic arm, Neuralink has also gained some upper hand in other areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\nhttps://twitter.com/neuralink/status/1861107594645119006\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 20, the startup said that it has received approval from Health Canada to launch the CAN-PRIME Study, its first international trial.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e3:T4d5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval from Canada comes on the back of the success it received in its trials in the US. The startup has said that the trial is now open to Canadian nationals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/canadian-neurosurgeons-seek-six-patients-for-musk-s-neuralink-brain-study-1.7121337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ea report\u003c/a\u003e, Canadian neurosurgeons are looking for regulatory approvals to recruit six patients with paralysis to get the startup’s BCI implant embedded willingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial will use a two-ton (1.8-ton) robot to implant 64 electrodes, each with 16 contacts, into the hand-motor areas of patients\u0026#8217; brains, as per the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea is that the electrodes will transmit activity in those areas so that by thinking about movement, the patient can make connected devices move.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMore details about the new CONVOY study \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/musks-neuralink-launch-new-feasibility-trial-with-brain-implant-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eare awaited\u003c/a\u003e, and Neuralink has stated that it will reveal more in due course of time.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"articleType\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"publishDate\":\"2024-11-25\",\"title\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"category\":\"science\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-link\",\"content\":\"http://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-type\",\"content\":\"post\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-image-url\",\"content\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png?w=150\u0026h=150\u0026crop=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-pub-date\",\"content\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24Z\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-section\",\"content\":\"Science\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-author\",\"content\":\"Srishti Gupta\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-tags\",\"content\":\"editor: neural circuits\"}]],[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$1a\"}}],[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"className\":\"t-bg-surface-primary t-pt-[10px] mb:t-pt-[70px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"science\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":123038,\"tags\":[\"Neural Circuits\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Neural Circuits\",\"slug\":\"neural-circuits\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neural-circuits\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$1c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3979,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$1d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nanomagnets-energy-efficient-ai-computing\\\"\u003eScientist uses nanomagnets to build brain-like AI, cut power use, boost efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\\\"\u003e1.77 million-year-old human teeth link long childhoods to larger brains\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/14-bit-breakthrough-brain-like-device-ai\\\"\u003e14-bit brain-like device can take AI computing to new heights\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 11:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 11:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"title\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"name\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"alt_text\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"description\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/central-organ-of-human-nervous-system-brain-anatomy-gm1684551862-536974643?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock/magicmine\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) have identified a neural circuit in the brain that governs sexual rejection in female mammals, providing key insights into the mechanisms shaping social and reproductive behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe study reveals how a specific population of progesterone-sensitive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) acts as a switch between acceptance and rejection of mating attempts based on a female’s reproductive state.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Sexual rejection isn’t just the absence of receptivity, it’s an active behaviour”, explains Susana Lima, senior author and head of the Neuroethology Lab at CF. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Females exhibit defensive actions like running away, kicking, or boxing the male. We wanted to understand how the brain switches between these two drastically different behavioural states.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-tracking-neural-activity-in-real-time\\\"\u003eTracking neural activity in real time\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. These neurons, responsive to fluctuations in the hormone progesterone, were suspected of playing a role in switching between behavioral states.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing fibre photometry, a technique that measures real-time calcium signals in neurons, researchers observed stark differences in activity levels of progesterone-sensitive neurons in female mice during interactions with males. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$1e\",\"$1f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond reproductive behavior, the study opens the door to exploring how similar mechanisms might govern other complex social interactions. “The VMH exists in humans and likely plays similar roles”, notes Lima. “Recent studies in \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-animal-cell-grow-mouse\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003emouse\u003c/a\u003e models have shown that the VMH changes in pathological conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Additionally, socially isolating female mice during development may lead to reduced sexual receptivity, with alterations in the same brain area, underscoring the VMH’s clinical relevance”.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in \u003cem\u003eNeuron\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/central-organ-of-human-nervous-system-brain-anatomy-gm1684551862-536974643?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock/magicmine\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nanomagnets-energy-efficient-ai-computing\\\"\u003eScientist uses nanomagnets to build brain-like AI, cut power use, boost efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\\\"\u003e1.77 million-year-old human teeth link long childhoods to larger brains\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/14-bit-breakthrough-brain-like-device-ai\\\"\u003e14-bit brain-like device can take AI computing to new heights\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":123367,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"biometric\",\"fighter jet\",\"humans\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sensor\",\"washing machine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"biometric\",\"slug\":\"biometric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biometric\"},{\"name\":\"fighter jet\",\"slug\":\"fighter-jet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fighter-jet\"},{\"name\":\"humans\",\"slug\":\"humans\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/humans\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sensor\",\"slug\":\"sensor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sensor\"},{\"name\":\"washing machine\",\"slug\":\"washing-machine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/washing-machine\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$20\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of AI into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of AI into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3882,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$21\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\\\"\u003eSmoke and mirrors: How ‘AI Washing’ is fooling the tech industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\\\"\u003eArtificial general intelligence: Understanding the future of AI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"title\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"name\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"alt_text\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"description\":\"Human washing machine\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15482351\\\"\u003eThe Asahi Shimbun\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-human-washing-machine\\\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$22\",\"$23\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Human washing machine\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15482351\\\"\u003eThe Asahi Shimbun\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\\\"\u003eSmoke and mirrors: How ‘AI Washing’ is fooling the tech industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\\\"\u003eArtificial general intelligence: Understanding the future of AI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123355,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"AI Logs\",\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI Logs\",\"slug\":\"ai-logs\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/columns/ai-logs\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$24\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"ai logs\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":3283,\"title\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9131,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$25\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"title\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"name\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"alt_text\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"slug\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/EwuSxftyWaVt.png\",\"page_url\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sejal-sharma\",\"description\":\"Sejal is a Delhi-based journalist, currently dedicated to reporting on technology and culture. She is particularly enthusiastic about covering artificial intelligence, the semiconductor industry and helping people understand the powers and pitfalls of technology. Outside of work, she likes to play badminton and spend time with her dogs. Feel free to email her for pitches or feedback on her work.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$26\",\"$27\",\"$28\",\"$29\",\"$2a\",\"$2b\",\"$2c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-123355-speech-20241126162744.mp3\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$2d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2f\",\"$30\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123280,\"tags\":[\"Agriculture\",\"AI\",\"Farming\",\"robot\",\"Soil Conservation\",\"Sustainability\",\"UK\",\"University of Plymouth\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Agriculture\",\"slug\":\"agriculture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/agriculture\"},{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Farming\",\"slug\":\"farming\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/farming\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Soil Conservation\",\"slug\":\"soil-conservation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/soil-conservation\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"UK\",\"slug\":\"uk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/uk\"},{\"name\":\"University of Plymouth\",\"slug\":\"university-of-plymouth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/university-of-plymouth\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$31\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4987,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$32\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"title\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"name\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"alt_text\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists are testing a new robotic technology to help farmers quickly assess soil health in the United Kingdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA gamma ray detector, developed by a local Cornish company, is being used to map soil quality on fields in Cornwell. The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$33\",\"$34\",\"$35\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water filter\",\"slug\":\"water-filter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/water-filter\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$36\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3522,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$37\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$38\",\"$39\",\"$3a\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123264,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$3b\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3590,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$3c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"alt_text\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3d\",\"$3e\",\"$3f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123262,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"microreactor\",\"slug\":\"microreactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/microreactor\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear energy\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Fusion\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-fusion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-fusion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$40\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4271,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$41\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"name\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"alt_text\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$42\",\"$43\",\"$44\",\"$45\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123273,\"tags\":[\"Battery\",\"battery design\",\"Blade battery\",\"BYD\",\"China\",\"EV battery\",\"South Korea\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Battery\",\"slug\":\"battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery\"},{\"name\":\"battery design\",\"slug\":\"battery-design\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery-design\"},{\"name\":\"Blade battery\",\"slug\":\"blade-battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/blade-battery\"},{\"name\":\"BYD\",\"slug\":\"byd\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/byd\"},{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"EV battery\",\"slug\":\"ev-battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev-battery\"},{\"name\":\"South Korea\",\"slug\":\"south-korea\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/south-korea\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$46\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"transportation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":7,\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3234,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$47\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\\\"\u003eApple’s secret BYD collaboration pioneered long-range EV battery technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"alt_text\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"description\":\"Stock image of BYD Blade Battery.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BYD-Battery-768x427.webp\\\"\u003eBYD Auto\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$48\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-additional-benefits\\\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$49\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Stock image of BYD Blade Battery.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BYD-Battery-768x427.webp\\\"\u003eBYD Auto\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\\\"\u003eApple’s secret BYD collaboration pioneered long-range EV battery technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123303,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$4a\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMicrocontroller unit’ s triple-core design offers increased system reliability and security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eMicrocontroller unit’ s triple-core design offers increased system reliability and security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3627,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4b\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:52 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 03:17 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"title\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"name\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"alt_text\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4c\",\"$4d\",\"$4e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123287,\"tags\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"carbon black\",\"slug\":\"carbon-black\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/carbon-black\"},{\"name\":\"climate change\",\"slug\":\"climate-change\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/climate-change\"},{\"name\":\"plastic\",\"slug\":\"plastic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic\"},{\"name\":\"plastic recycling\",\"slug\":\"plastic-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"polystyrene\",\"slug\":\"polystyrene\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/polystyrene\"},{\"name\":\"Recycling\",\"slug\":\"recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/recycling\"},{\"name\":\"solar recycling\",\"slug\":\"solar-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/solar-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"solar tech\",\"slug\":\"solar-tech\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/solar-tech\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$4f\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3752,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$50\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$51\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\\\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$52\",\"$53\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":123447,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"Culture\",\"fossil\",\"fossil discovery\",\"Lizard\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"fossil\",\"slug\":\"fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossil\"},{\"name\":\"fossil discovery\",\"slug\":\"fossil-discovery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossil-discovery\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$54\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eA tiny fossil, unearthed from the Triassic period, has rewritten the history of lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eA tiny fossil, unearthed from the Triassic period, has rewritten the history of lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3583,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$55\",\"related_content\":\"$56\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:39\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:46 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:46 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"title\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"name\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"alt_text\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"description\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\\\"\u003eLavinia Gandolfi\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA small, fossilized lizard, hidden in a museum cupboard for decades, has been identified as a significant find.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis ancient lizard was a fearsome predator in its time. In the original 2022 study, the fossil species was named \u003cem\u003eCryptovaranoides microlanius\u003c/em\u003e, which means \u0026#8220;hidden lizard, small butcher.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$57\",\"$58\",\"$59\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://uob-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hu21584_bristol_ac_uk/Documents/Desktop/cyber-security-article.jpg\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eRoyal Society Open Science. \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CCBxD0F1hr0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\\\"\u003eLavinia Gandolfi\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"$5a\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123415,\"tags\":[\"Catalyst\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Catalyst\",\"slug\":\"catalyst\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/catalyst\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5b\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3559,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:12 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"alt_text\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5f\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$60\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$61\",\"$62\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water filter\",\"slug\":\"water-filter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/water-filter\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$63\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3522,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$64\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$65\",\"$66\",\"$67\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$68\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$69\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$6a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$6b\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":123178,\"tags\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Brakes\",\"slug\":\"brakes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/brakes\"},{\"name\":\"Clean Mobility\",\"slug\":\"clean-mobility\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/clean-mobility\"},{\"name\":\"Electric Vehicle\",\"slug\":\"electric-vehicle\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electric-vehicle\"},{\"name\":\"EV\",\"slug\":\"ev\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev\"},{\"name\":\"In-Drive Brake\",\"slug\":\"in-drive-brake\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/in-drive-brake\"},{\"name\":\"Mercedes Benz\",\"slug\":\"mercedes-benz-2\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mercedes-benz-2\"},{\"name\":\"Regenerative Braking\",\"slug\":\"regenerative-braking\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/regenerative-braking\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$6c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3607,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$6d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:06 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"alt_text\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$6e\",\"$6f\",\"$70\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$71\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$72\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$73\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$74\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123219,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"japan\",\"slug\":\"japan\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/japan\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"Superalloys\",\"slug\":\"superalloys\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/superalloys\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$75\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4065,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$76\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 06:57 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:00 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"name\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"alt_text\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"description\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iter.org/node/20687/west-tokamak-inside-and-out\\\"\u003eITER\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$77\",\"$78\",\"$79\",\"$7a\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iter.org/node/20687/west-tokamak-inside-and-out\\\"\u003eITER\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123188,\"tags\":[\"BCI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Neuralink\",\"Robotic Arm\",\"Study\",\"X\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"BCI\",\"slug\":\"bci\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/bci\"},{\"name\":\"Elon Musk\",\"slug\":\"elon-musk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/elon-musk\"},{\"name\":\"Neuralink\",\"slug\":\"neuralink\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neuralink\"},{\"name\":\"Robotic Arm\",\"slug\":\"robotic-arm\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robotic-arm\"},{\"name\":\"Study\",\"slug\":\"study\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/study\"},{\"name\":\"X\",\"slug\":\"x\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/x\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$7b\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s startup also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s startup also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3308,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$7c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s 1st brain implant stable, Elon Musk seeks next volunteer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink brain chip ‘working very well’ in 2nd patient, says Elon Musk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-blindsight-wins-fda-breakthrough-tag\\\"\u003eFDA calls Neuralink’s Blindsight a ‘breakthrough’ as Musk eyes vision for blind\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:55:03\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:59:07\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"title\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"name\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"alt_text\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"description\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7o39CzHgug\u0026amp;t=54s\\\"\u003eYouTube/Neuralink\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink, the brain-computer interface firm, said it has received a green light to launch a new feasibility study for using its brain implant and a robotic arm.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThrough a post on X, Neuralink announced the approval and launch of the feasibility study to extend brain-computer interface (BCI) control using the N1 implant to “an investigational assistive robotic arm.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe startup says that the launch of the study is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom in those that need it the most.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7d\",\"$7e\",\"$7f\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7o39CzHgug\u0026amp;t=54s\\\"\u003eYouTube/Neuralink\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s 1st brain implant stable, Elon Musk seeks next volunteer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink brain chip ‘working very well’ in 2nd patient, says Elon Musk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-blindsight-wins-fda-breakthrough-tag\\\"\u003eFDA calls Neuralink’s Blindsight a ‘breakthrough’ as Musk eyes vision for blind\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"comments\":[],\"editorsPick\":[],\"latestArticles\":[{\"id\":123458,\"title\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"slug\":\"efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 12:05:44\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new technology could help address water shortages in arid regions and improve water access during emergencies.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\"},{\"id\":123474,\"title\":\"Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles energy density for aircraft\",\"slug\":\"lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 11:11:30\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The newly developed Li-S battery reached an energy density of 400 Wh/kg nearly twice that of a Li-ion battery. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/EV-TOL-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50086,\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia\"},{\"id\":123453,\"title\":\"UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power\",\"slug\":\"uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 11:07:42\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The XLAUV’s capabilities reach its zenith with the use of Nautomate – the next generation military autonomous control system for uncrewed marine vehicles.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-photo-ratio-19201080-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":61918,\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishekbhardwaj\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo\"},{\"id\":123447,\"title\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"slug\":\"worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 10:46:32\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"A tiny fossil, unearthed from the Triassic period, has rewritten the history of lizards.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50126,\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"},{\"id\":123412,\"title\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"slug\":\"new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 10:26:35\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"RoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data, enabling instant robot adaptation without extra steps, improving skill transfer efficiency and success rates by 30%.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T130429.121.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50114,\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\"},{\"id\":123413,\"title\":\"Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat\",\"slug\":\"germany-plans-bunker-revival\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 09:35:31\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The plan, which was agreed upon in June, aims to address growing security concerns, particularly in response to threats from Russia.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-67-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival\"},{\"id\":123415,\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"slug\":\"breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 09:12:55\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50126,\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},{\"id\":123403,\"title\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"slug\":\"f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 23:23:44\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"In our in-depth look at these advanced combat aircraft, discover how China's J-35A compares with the US's F-35, from stealth technology to engine performance.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":9,\"author\":{\"id\":67279,\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"shaikh.kaif@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\"},{\"id\":123397,\"title\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"slug\":\"high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 22:53:19\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\"},{\"id\":123393,\"title\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"slug\":\"db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 20:46:34\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"This is the first real action the FBI has taken on the case since it closed in 2016.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\"}],\"trendingArticles\":[{\"id\":123219,\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"slug\":\"alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 11:57:47\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Using metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50086,\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},{\"id\":123181,\"title\":\"China's 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it 'unrivaled in air combat' \",\"slug\":\"chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 10:33:22\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new afterburner technology also reduces engine wear by as much as 80%. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Chinese-afterburner.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\"},{\"id\":123167,\"title\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"slug\":\"nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 10:19:41\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers created the base as part of Project Iceworm, aiming to house nuclear missiles beneath the ice.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-47-3.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\"},{\"id\":123151,\"title\":\"F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\",\"slug\":\"f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 21:08:00\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The F-35C is tailored for operations aboard aircraft carriers, with features specifically designed to meet naval requirements.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T003000.761.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\"},{\"id\":122883,\"title\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"slug\":\"inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 19:42:49\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The vehicle's six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators are controlled by a custom PCB running Dreamflight software.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50114,\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\"},{\"id\":122891,\"title\":\"Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars\",\"slug\":\"china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 18:57:24\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new coating uses metamaterials to perform the radar-hiding feat allowing it to be much thinner than existing coatings.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/china-stealth-coating.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars\"},{\"id\":123038,\"title\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"slug\":\"sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 16:02:24\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62332,\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti.gupta@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},{\"id\":122876,\"title\":\"US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams\",\"slug\":\"us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 08:59:38\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Boom plans to achieve Mach 1 by the end of the year with a series of subsonic flights leading up to supersonic speeds.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-26-4.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet\"},{\"id\":122829,\"title\":\"China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare\",\"slug\":\"china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-24 17:29:31\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Chinese researchers have successfully developed an automatic rifle with near-zero recoil, making it compatible for use on a wide range of drones.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-31.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62127,\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan.stojkovski@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones\"},{\"id\":122770,\"title\":\"1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered\",\"slug\":\"christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-24 16:51:49\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Basilica, dating back to the 4th-6th centuries AD, reveals Aquileia's significance under Emperor Justinian I. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/The-forum-of-Aquileia.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62608,\"name\":\"Gairika Mitra\",\"slug\":\"gmitra972@gmail.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found\"}],\"articleUrl\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"authorData\":{\"id\":62332,\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"userData\":{\"linkedin_url\":\"\",\"email\":\"srishti.gupta@interestingengineering.com\"}},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"propsData\":{\"categoryId\":\"science\",\"isListicle\":false,\"isMobile\":false,\"planData\":[{\"id\":50,\"type\":0,\"name\":\"Monthly Ad Free\",\"description\":\"Comphrensive tech analysis and opinion, with full digital access.\",\"old_price\":\"5.99\",\"new_price\":\"1.00\",\"period\":1,\"trial_period\":0,\"is_trial\":0,\"is_most_popular\":0,\"is_ad_free\":1,\"is_special_offer\":0,\"special_offer_text\":null,\"end_date\":null},{\"id\":41,\"type\":0,\"name\":\"Quarterly Ad Free\",\"description\":\"Comphrensive tech analysis and opinion, with full digital access.\",\"old_price\":\"21.99\",\"new_price\":\"16.99\",\"period\":3,\"trial_period\":0,\"is_trial\":0,\"is_most_popular\":0,\"is_ad_free\":1,\"is_special_offer\":0,\"special_offer_text\":null,\"end_date\":null},{\"id\":42,\"type\":0,\"name\":\"Annual Ad Free\",\"description\":\"Comphrensive tech analysis and opinion, with full digital access.\",\"old_price\":\"71.99\",\"new_price\":\"64.99\",\"period\":12,\"trial_period\":0,\"is_trial\":0,\"is_most_popular\":1,\"is_ad_free\":1,\"is_special_offer\":0,\"special_offer_text\":null,\"end_date\":null}],\"dontRenderOnMobileFacebook\":false,\"accessTokenServer\":null,\"userData\":{\"isPremium\":\"0\",\"isAdFree\":\"0\",\"isBot\":false,\"allData\":null,\"allPlans\":[{\"id\":\"3q9w\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"billingDayOfMonth\":null,\"billingFrequency\":1,\"currencyIsoCode\":\"USD\",\"description\":null,\"name\":\"2023-05-04 Monthly Ad Free 1$ FBC\",\"numberOfBillingCycles\":null,\"price\":\"5.99\",\"trialDuration\":null,\"trialDurationUnit\":null,\"trialPeriod\":false,\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:54.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:54.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"addOns\":[],\"discounts\":[{\"amount\":\"4.99\",\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:06.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"description\":null,\"id\":\"kvhb\",\"kind\":\"discount\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"name\":\"4.99 $\",\"neverExpires\":false,\"numberOfBillingCycles\":1,\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-05-24 11:08:06.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"}}],\"plans\":[]},{\"id\":\"57zb\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"billingDayOfMonth\":null,\"billingFrequency\":3,\"currencyIsoCode\":\"USD\",\"description\":null,\"name\":\"16.99 Quarterly Ad Free\",\"numberOfBillingCycles\":null,\"price\":\"16.99\",\"trialDuration\":null,\"trialDurationUnit\":null,\"trialPeriod\":false,\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:41:20.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:41:20.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"addOns\":[],\"discounts\":[],\"plans\":[]},{\"id\":\"k6cm\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"billingDayOfMonth\":null,\"billingFrequency\":12,\"currencyIsoCode\":\"USD\",\"description\":null,\"name\":\"64.99 Yearly Ad Free\",\"numberOfBillingCycles\":null,\"price\":\"64.99\",\"trialDuration\":null,\"trialDurationUnit\":null,\"trialPeriod\":false,\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:42:07.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2023-02-16 14:42:07.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"addOns\":[],\"discounts\":[{\"amount\":\"32.50\",\"createdAt\":{\"date\":\"2024-11-18 08:52:07.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"},\"description\":null,\"id\":\"nzwr\",\"kind\":\"discount\",\"merchantId\":\"jjfy4n5yty34xv3n\",\"name\":\"Black Friday 2024 Discount\",\"neverExpires\":false,\"numberOfBillingCycles\":1,\"updatedAt\":{\"date\":\"2024-11-18 09:10:06.000000\",\"timezone_type\":3,\"timezone\":\"UTC\"}}],\"plans\":[]}]},\"isPremiumUser\":\"0\",\"isStaging\":true,\"articleComments\":{\"status\":\"success\",\"sortby\":null,\"total_comments\":0,\"comments\":[]},\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"science\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":123038,\"tags\":[\"Neural Circuits\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Neural Circuits\",\"slug\":\"neural-circuits\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neural-circuits\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$80\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3979,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$81\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nanomagnets-energy-efficient-ai-computing\\\"\u003eScientist uses nanomagnets to build brain-like AI, cut power use, boost efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\\\"\u003e1.77 million-year-old human teeth link long childhoods to larger brains\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/14-bit-breakthrough-brain-like-device-ai\\\"\u003e14-bit brain-like device can take AI computing to new heights\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:24\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-25T16:02:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 11:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 11:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"title\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"name\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"alt_text\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"description\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/central-organ-of-human-nervous-system-brain-anatomy-gm1684551862-536974643?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock/magicmine\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) have identified a neural circuit in the brain that governs sexual rejection in female mammals, providing key insights into the mechanisms shaping social and reproductive behaviors. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe study reveals how a specific population of progesterone-sensitive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) acts as a switch between acceptance and rejection of mating attempts based on a female’s reproductive state.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Sexual rejection isn’t just the absence of receptivity, it’s an active behaviour”, explains Susana Lima, senior author and head of the Neuroethology Lab at CF. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Females exhibit defensive actions like running away, kicking, or boxing the male. We wanted to understand how the brain switches between these two drastically different behavioural states.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-tracking-neural-activity-in-real-time\\\"\u003eTracking neural activity in real time\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. These neurons, responsive to fluctuations in the hormone progesterone, were suspected of playing a role in switching between behavioral states.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing fibre photometry, a technique that measures real-time calcium signals in neurons, researchers observed stark differences in activity levels of progesterone-sensitive neurons in female mice during interactions with males. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$82\",\"$83\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond reproductive behavior, the study opens the door to exploring how similar mechanisms might govern other complex social interactions. “The VMH exists in humans and likely plays similar roles”, notes Lima. “Recent studies in \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-animal-cell-grow-mouse\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003emouse\u003c/a\u003e models have shown that the VMH changes in pathological conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Additionally, socially isolating female mice during development may lead to reduced sexual receptivity, with alterations in the same brain area, underscoring the VMH’s clinical relevance”.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe study has been published in \u003cem\u003eNeuron\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A representative image of brain anatomy.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/central-organ-of-human-nervous-system-brain-anatomy-gm1684551862-536974643?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock/magicmine\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nanomagnets-energy-efficient-ai-computing\\\"\u003eScientist uses nanomagnets to build brain-like AI, cut power use, boost efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-teeth-link-long-childhoods-to-larger-brains\\\"\u003e1.77 million-year-old human teeth link long childhoods to larger brains\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/14-bit-breakthrough-brain-like-device-ai\\\"\u003e14-bit brain-like device can take AI computing to new heights\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, Inc.\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/the-travelers-companies-inc-2-logo-1625843449996.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$91,300 - $150,600 a year\"},{\"id\":\"132294917\",\"title\":\"Cloud Systems Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/cloud-systems-engineer-at-therapynotescom-1?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Charlotte\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":\"NC\",\"city\":\"Charlotte\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"TherapyNotes.com\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1717683288868.jpeg\"},\"salary\":\"$$100,000 - $120,000 a year\"},{\"id\":\"133156249\",\"title\":\"Staff Software Engineer Back End (Bangkok based, relocation provided)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/staff-software-engineer-back-end-bangkok-based-relocation-provided-at-agoda-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"address\":\"-\",\"country_short\":\"UK\",\"post_code\":[],\"state\":[],\"city\":[]},\"company\":{\"name\":\"Agoda\",\"logo\":\"https://d1avm1cbyhi830.cloudfront.net/fit-in/images2/topic/new/image-1722421505451.jpeg\"}},{\"id\":\"133161138\",\"title\":\"Lead Software Development Engineer\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/lead-software-development-engineer-1-at-gm-financial-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Fort Worth\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"76102\",\"state\":\"TX\",\"city\":\"Fort Worth\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"GM Financial\",\"logo\":\"https://d2q79iu7y748jz.cloudfront.net/s/_squarelogo/256x256/2c6d13e3c51cab0e72a6ac3fc67ed3d5\"}}],\"for_you\":[{\"id\":123367,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"biometric\",\"fighter jet\",\"humans\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sensor\",\"washing machine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"biometric\",\"slug\":\"biometric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biometric\"},{\"name\":\"fighter jet\",\"slug\":\"fighter-jet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fighter-jet\"},{\"name\":\"humans\",\"slug\":\"humans\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/humans\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sensor\",\"slug\":\"sensor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sensor\"},{\"name\":\"washing machine\",\"slug\":\"washing-machine\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/washing-machine\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$84\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of AI into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of AI into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3882,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$85\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\\\"\u003eSmoke and mirrors: How ‘AI Washing’ is fooling the tech industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\\\"\u003eArtificial general intelligence: Understanding the future of AI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"18 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\",\"title\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"name\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"alt_text\":\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine offers 15-minute AI-enhanced cleanse for humans\",\"description\":\"Human washing machine\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15482351\\\"\u003eThe Asahi Shimbun\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-human-washing-machine\\\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$86\",\"$87\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Human washing machine\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15482351\\\"\u003eThe Asahi Shimbun\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\\\"\u003eSmoke and mirrors: How ‘AI Washing’ is fooling the tech industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\\\"\u003eArtificial general intelligence: Understanding the future of AI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123355,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"AI Logs\",\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI Logs\",\"slug\":\"ai-logs\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/columns/ai-logs\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$88\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"ai logs\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":3283,\"title\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9131,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$89\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"20 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"title\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"name\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"alt_text\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"slug\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/EwuSxftyWaVt.png\",\"page_url\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sejal-sharma\",\"description\":\"Sejal is a Delhi-based journalist, currently dedicated to reporting on technology and culture. She is particularly enthusiastic about covering artificial intelligence, the semiconductor industry and helping people understand the powers and pitfalls of technology. Outside of work, she likes to play badminton and spend time with her dogs. Feel free to email her for pitches or feedback on her work.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8a\",\"$8b\",\"$8c\",\"$8d\",\"$8e\",\"$8f\",\"$90\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-123355-speech-20241126162744.mp3\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$91\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$92\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$93\",\"$94\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123280,\"tags\":[\"Agriculture\",\"AI\",\"Farming\",\"robot\",\"Soil Conservation\",\"Sustainability\",\"UK\",\"University of Plymouth\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Agriculture\",\"slug\":\"agriculture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/agriculture\"},{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Farming\",\"slug\":\"farming\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/farming\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Soil Conservation\",\"slug\":\"soil-conservation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/soil-conservation\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"UK\",\"slug\":\"uk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/uk\"},{\"name\":\"University of Plymouth\",\"slug\":\"university-of-plymouth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/university-of-plymouth\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$95\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4987,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$96\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"title\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"name\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"alt_text\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists are testing a new robotic technology to help farmers quickly assess soil health in the United Kingdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA gamma ray detector, developed by a local Cornish company, is being used to map soil quality on fields in Cornwell. The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$97\",\"$98\",\"$99\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water filter\",\"slug\":\"water-filter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/water-filter\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$9a\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3522,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$9b\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9c\",\"$9d\",\"$9e\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123264,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$9f\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3590,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"alt_text\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a1\",\"$a2\",\"$a3\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123262,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"microreactor\",\"slug\":\"microreactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/microreactor\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear energy\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Fusion\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-fusion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-fusion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a4\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4271,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a5\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"name\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"alt_text\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a6\",\"$a7\",\"$a8\",\"$a9\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123273,\"tags\":[\"Battery\",\"battery design\",\"Blade battery\",\"BYD\",\"China\",\"EV battery\",\"South Korea\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Battery\",\"slug\":\"battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery\"},{\"name\":\"battery design\",\"slug\":\"battery-design\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery-design\"},{\"name\":\"Blade battery\",\"slug\":\"blade-battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/blade-battery\"},{\"name\":\"BYD\",\"slug\":\"byd\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/byd\"},{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"EV battery\",\"slug\":\"ev-battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev-battery\"},{\"name\":\"South Korea\",\"slug\":\"south-korea\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/south-korea\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Transportation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/transportation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$aa\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"transportation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":7,\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3234,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ab\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\\\"\u003eApple’s secret BYD collaboration pioneered long-range EV battery technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"alt_text\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"description\":\"Stock image of BYD Blade Battery.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BYD-Battery-768x427.webp\\\"\u003eBYD Auto\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ac\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-additional-benefits\\\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ad\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Stock image of BYD Blade Battery.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BYD-Battery-768x427.webp\\\"\u003eBYD Auto\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\\\"\u003eApple’s secret BYD collaboration pioneered long-range EV battery technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123303,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ae\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMicrocontroller unit’ s triple-core design offers increased system reliability and security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eMicrocontroller unit’ s triple-core design offers increased system reliability and security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3627,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$af\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:52 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 03:17 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"title\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"name\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"alt_text\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b0\",\"$b1\",\"$b2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123287,\"tags\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"carbon black\",\"slug\":\"carbon-black\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/carbon-black\"},{\"name\":\"climate change\",\"slug\":\"climate-change\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/climate-change\"},{\"name\":\"plastic\",\"slug\":\"plastic\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic\"},{\"name\":\"plastic recycling\",\"slug\":\"plastic-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/plastic-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"polystyrene\",\"slug\":\"polystyrene\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/polystyrene\"},{\"name\":\"Recycling\",\"slug\":\"recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/recycling\"},{\"name\":\"solar recycling\",\"slug\":\"solar-recycling\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/solar-recycling\"},{\"name\":\"solar tech\",\"slug\":\"solar-tech\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/solar-tech\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b3\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3752,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b4\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b5\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\\\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b6\",\"$b7\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":123447,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"Culture\",\"fossil\",\"fossil discovery\",\"Lizard\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"fossil\",\"slug\":\"fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossil\"},{\"name\":\"fossil discovery\",\"slug\":\"fossil-discovery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossil-discovery\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b8\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eA tiny fossil, unearthed from the Triassic period, has rewritten the history of lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eA tiny fossil, unearthed from the Triassic period, has rewritten the history of lizards.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3583,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b9\",\"related_content\":\"$ba\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:32\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:46:39\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:46 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:46 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"title\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"name\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"alt_text\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"description\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\\\"\u003eLavinia Gandolfi\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA small, fossilized lizard, hidden in a museum cupboard for decades, has been identified as a significant find.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovered in a quarry near Bristol, this 205-million-year-old fossil is the oldest modern-type lizard ever found.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis ancient lizard was a fearsome predator in its time. In the original 2022 study, the fossil species was named \u003cem\u003eCryptovaranoides microlanius\u003c/em\u003e, which means \u0026#8220;hidden lizard, small butcher.\u0026#8221;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bb\",\"$bc\",\"$bd\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://uob-my.sharepoint.com/personal/hu21584_bristol_ac_uk/Documents/Desktop/cyber-security-article.jpg\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eRoyal Society Open Science. \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CCBxD0F1hr0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life restoration of the earliest lizard, Cryptovaranoides microlanius. Length of adult animal is about 25 cm. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/november/oldest-lizard-wins-fossil-fight-.html#:~:text=A%20storeroom%20specimen%20that%20changed,modern%2Dtype%20lizard%20on%20record\\\"\u003eLavinia Gandolfi\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"$be\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123415,\"tags\":[\"Catalyst\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Catalyst\",\"slug\":\"catalyst\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/catalyst\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$bf\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3559,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:12:55\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T09:13:02\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:12 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 04:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"name\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"alt_text\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new method has been demonstrated for turning harmful greenhouse gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, into valuable resources.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis process converts methane and carbon dioxide into valuable syngas — a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSyngas is a highly important building block for many products, from fuels to chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c1\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt is composed of a crystalline zeolite framework doped with nickel, along with silicon, aluminum, and oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eZeolite is a crystalline material with a unique, porous structure. It serves as a stable framework for the active metal sites, in this catalyst nickel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Zeolite is like sand in composition,” said Junyan Zhang, another lead author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“But unlike sand, it has a sponge-like structure filled with tiny pores, each around 0.6 nanometers in diameter. If you could completely open a zeolite to expose the surface area, 1 gram of sample would contain an area around 500 square meters, which is a tremendous amount of exposed surface,” Zhang added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining the stability of the zeolite framework with the catalytic activity of nickel, the researchers have created a highly effective catalyst for the dry reforming of methane.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers have filed a patent application to protect their invention, which reduces catalyst deactivation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-50729-8\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eNature Communications.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"With an improved catalyst, ORNL chemists converted two greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to syngas, a valuable mix of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.ornl.gov/news/improved-catalyst-turns-harmful-greenhouse-gases-cleaner-fuels-chemical-feedstocks\\\"\u003ePhilip Gray/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-catalyst-uses-light-hydrogen\\\"\u003eNew catalyst uses light, not heat, to produce green hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/catalyst-converts-co2-methane-plastics\\\"\u003eNew conveyor belt-like catalyst uses electricity to turn CO2 into methane, plastic\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalysts-plastic-waste-detoxify-chemicals\\\"\u003ePlastic waste catalysts could detoxify various industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c3\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c4\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c5\",\"$c6\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water filter\",\"slug\":\"water-filter\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/water-filter\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c7\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3522,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c8\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c9\",\"$ca\",\"$cb\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$cc\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$cd\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ce\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$cf\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"popular\":[{\"id\":123178,\"tags\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Brakes\",\"slug\":\"brakes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/brakes\"},{\"name\":\"Clean Mobility\",\"slug\":\"clean-mobility\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/clean-mobility\"},{\"name\":\"Electric Vehicle\",\"slug\":\"electric-vehicle\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electric-vehicle\"},{\"name\":\"EV\",\"slug\":\"ev\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ev\"},{\"name\":\"In-Drive Brake\",\"slug\":\"in-drive-brake\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/in-drive-brake\"},{\"name\":\"Mercedes Benz\",\"slug\":\"mercedes-benz-2\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mercedes-benz-2\"},{\"name\":\"Regenerative Braking\",\"slug\":\"regenerative-braking\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/regenerative-braking\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d0\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3607,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d1\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:06 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"alt_text\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d2\",\"$d3\",\"$d4\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm fossil\",\"slug\":\"worm-fossil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/worm-fossil\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d5\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThis massive amphisbaenian likely lived on the ground surface, preying on snails with its formidable jaws.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3474,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d6\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d7\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123219,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"japan\",\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"Superalloys\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"japan\",\"slug\":\"japan\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/japan\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Reactor\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-reactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-reactor\"},{\"name\":\"Superalloys\",\"slug\":\"superalloys\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/superalloys\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d9\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4065,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$da\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T11:57:47\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:00:15\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 06:57 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:00 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"name\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"alt_text\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"description\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iter.org/node/20687/west-tokamak-inside-and-out\\\"\u003eITER\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/Uy0OTzksC7lW.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\",\"description\":\"Ameya is a science writer based in Hyderabad, India. A Molecular Biologist at heart, he traded the micropipette to write about science during the pandemic and does not want to go back. He likes to write about genetics, microbes, technology, and public policy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the Institute of Science Tokyo, in collaboration with Yokohama National University, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development, and the National Institute for Fusion Science, tested Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys with liquid metal flow at 1112°F (600°C) to simulate a fusion blanket environment. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-corrosive properties of the alloys demonstrated in these tests will help develop the material durability of nuclear fusion reactors. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$db\",\"$dc\",\"$dd\",\"$de\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of inside of a tokamak reactor. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iter.org/node/20687/west-tokamak-inside-and-out\\\"\u003eITER\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/france-gets-5000-ton-nuclear-reactor-parts-to-power-worlds-largest-fusion-plant\\\"\u003eWorld’s largest nuclear fusion reactor gets crucial 5,000-ton vessel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/nuclear-fusion-fuel-breakthrough\\\"\u003ePrinceton achieves 10x reduction in tritium needs for nuclear fusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/new-material-to-power-smr\\\"\u003eSpace-Age material to boost next-gen modular nuclear fusion reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123188,\"tags\":[\"BCI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Neuralink\",\"Robotic Arm\",\"Study\",\"X\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"BCI\",\"slug\":\"bci\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/bci\"},{\"name\":\"Elon Musk\",\"slug\":\"elon-musk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/elon-musk\"},{\"name\":\"Neuralink\",\"slug\":\"neuralink\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/neuralink\"},{\"name\":\"Robotic Arm\",\"slug\":\"robotic-arm\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robotic-arm\"},{\"name\":\"Study\",\"slug\":\"study\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/study\"},{\"name\":\"X\",\"slug\":\"x\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/x\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$df\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s startup also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eElon Musk\u0026#8217;s startup also added that it will allow participants of its ongoing PRIME study to join the new CONVOY feasibility test.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3308,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$e0\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s 1st brain implant stable, Elon Musk seeks next volunteer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink brain chip ‘working very well’ in 2nd patient, says Elon Musk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-blindsight-wins-fda-breakthrough-tag\\\"\u003eFDA calls Neuralink’s Blindsight a ‘breakthrough’ as Musk eyes vision for blind\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:55:03\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T10:59:07\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:55 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:59 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-96.png\",\"title\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"name\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"alt_text\":\"Elon Musk’s Neuralink to trial game-changing brain-chip to control robot arm\",\"description\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7o39CzHgug\u0026amp;t=54s\\\"\u003eYouTube/Neuralink\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElon Musk’s Neuralink, the brain-computer interface firm, said it has received a green light to launch a new feasibility study for using its brain implant and a robotic arm.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThrough a post on X, Neuralink announced the approval and launch of the feasibility study to extend brain-computer interface (BCI) control using the N1 implant to “an investigational assistive robotic arm.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe startup says that the launch of the study is an important step towards restoring not just digital but also physical freedom in those that need it the most.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e1\",\"$e2\",\"$e3\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/neuralink-bci-interface-control-robot-arm\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Artistic representation of a cursor being controlled using Neuralink implant.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7o39CzHgug\u0026amp;t=54s\\\"\u003eYouTube/Neuralink\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/elon-musks-neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink’s 1st brain implant stable, Elon Musk seeks next volunteer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-second-brain-chip\\\"\u003eNeuralink brain chip ‘working very well’ in 2nd patient, says Elon Musk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/neuralink-blindsight-wins-fda-breakthrough-tag\\\"\u003eFDA calls Neuralink’s Blindsight a ‘breakthrough’ as Musk eyes vision for blind\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"comments\":[],\"editorsPick\":[],\"latestArticles\":[{\"id\":123458,\"title\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"slug\":\"efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 12:05:44\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new technology could help address water shortages in arid regions and improve water access during emergencies.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\"},{\"id\":123474,\"title\":\"Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles energy density for aircraft\",\"slug\":\"lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 11:11:30\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The newly developed Li-S battery reached an energy density of 400 Wh/kg nearly twice that of a Li-ion battery. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/EV-TOL-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50086,\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":20,\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia\"},{\"id\":123453,\"title\":\"UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power\",\"slug\":\"uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 11:07:42\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The XLAUV’s capabilities reach its zenith with the use of Nautomate – the next generation military autonomous control system for uncrewed marine vehicles.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-photo-ratio-19201080-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":61918,\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishekbhardwaj\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo\"},{\"id\":123447,\"title\":\"205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage\",\"slug\":\"worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 10:46:32\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"A tiny fossil, unearthed from the Triassic period, has rewritten the history of lizards.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-6_fbc1c7.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50126,\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil\"},{\"id\":123412,\"title\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"slug\":\"new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 10:26:35\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"RoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data, enabling instant robot adaptation without extra steps, improving skill transfer efficiency and success rates by 30%.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T130429.121.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50114,\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\"},{\"id\":123413,\"title\":\"Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat\",\"slug\":\"germany-plans-bunker-revival\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 09:35:31\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The plan, which was agreed upon in June, aims to address growing security concerns, particularly in response to threats from Russia.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-67-1.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival\"},{\"id\":123415,\"title\":\"Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source\",\"slug\":\"breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27 09:12:55\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new catalyst that can boost the chemical reaction called “dry reforming of methane.”\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-5_b6f73a.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50126,\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy\"},{\"id\":123403,\"title\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"slug\":\"f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 23:23:44\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"In our in-depth look at these advanced combat aircraft, discover how China's J-35A compares with the US's F-35, from stealth technology to engine performance.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":9,\"author\":{\"id\":67279,\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"shaikh.kaif@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\"},{\"id\":123397,\"title\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"slug\":\"high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 22:53:19\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\"},{\"id\":123393,\"title\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"slug\":\"db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 20:46:34\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"This is the first real action the FBI has taken on the case since it closed in 2016.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\"}],\"trendingArticles\":[{\"id\":123219,\"title\":\"Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors \",\"slug\":\"alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 11:57:47\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Using metallurgical analysis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, researchers studied the microstructure details of protective oxide layer of ODS alloys SP10 and NF12. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TK.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50086,\"name\":\"Ameya Paleja\",\"slug\":\"ameya-paleja\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan\"},{\"id\":123181,\"title\":\"China's 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it 'unrivaled in air combat' \",\"slug\":\"chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 10:33:22\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new afterburner technology also reduces engine wear by as much as 80%. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Chinese-afterburner.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\"},{\"id\":123167,\"title\":\"NASA discovers secret US military base buried 100-foot deep in Greenland ice\",\"slug\":\"nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26 10:19:41\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers created the base as part of Project Iceworm, aiming to house nuclear missiles beneath the ice.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-47-3.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/nasa-finds-lost-us-military-base\"},{\"id\":123151,\"title\":\"F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\",\"slug\":\"f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 21:08:00\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The F-35C is tailored for operations aboard aircraft carriers, with features specifically designed to meet naval requirements.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T003000.761.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62711,\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil.kajal@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\"},{\"id\":122883,\"title\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"slug\":\"inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 19:42:49\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The vehicle's six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators are controlled by a custom PCB running Dreamflight software.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":50114,\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\"},{\"id\":122891,\"title\":\"Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars\",\"slug\":\"china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 18:57:24\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The new coating uses metamaterials to perform the radar-hiding feat allowing it to be much thinner than existing coatings.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/china-stealth-coating.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":59936,\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":5,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\"},{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars\"},{\"id\":123038,\"title\":\"Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals\",\"slug\":\"sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 16:02:24\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The team honed in on the VMH, a brain region critical for social and reproductive behaviors, particularly its anterior section. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Artwork-showing-human-skeletal-muscles-front-view-78.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62332,\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti.gupta@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":8,\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"},{\"id\":122876,\"title\":\"US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams\",\"slug\":\"us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25 08:59:38\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Boom plans to achieve Mach 1 by the end of the year with a series of subsonic flights leading up to supersonic speeds.\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-26-4.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62578,\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita.sinha@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":7,\"name\":\"Transportation\",\"slug\":\"transportation\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet\"},{\"id\":122829,\"title\":\"China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare\",\"slug\":\"china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-24 17:29:31\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"Chinese researchers have successfully developed an automatic rifle with near-zero recoil, making it compatible for use on a wide range of drones.\\n\",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Using-its-active-sensors-sonar-LIDAR-camera-electromagnetic-the-vehicle-can-identify-mines.-The-vehicle-has-a-silent-electric-propulsion-system-a-non-metallic-non-pressurized-hull-structur-31.png\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62127,\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan.stojkovski@interestingengineering.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":19,\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones\"},{\"id\":122770,\"title\":\"1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered\",\"slug\":\"christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-24 16:51:49\",\"is_video\":false,\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"sponsor_type\":null,\"company_name\":null,\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":null,\"sponsor_link\":null,\"excerpt\":\"The Basilica, dating back to the 4th-6th centuries AD, reveals Aquileia's significance under Emperor Justinian I. \",\"image\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/The-forum-of-Aquileia.jpg\",\"estimated_reading_time_minutes\":3,\"author\":{\"id\":62608,\"name\":\"Gairika Mitra\",\"slug\":\"gmitra972@gmail.com\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra\"},\"comment_count\":0,\"main_category\":{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"},\"categories\":[{\"id\":6,\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\"}],\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found\"}],\"articleUrl\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\",\"authorData\":{\"id\":62332,\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"userData\":{\"linkedin_url\":\"\",\"email\":\"srishti.gupta@interestingengineering.com\"}},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"articleId\":\"sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals\"}}],[\"$\",\"$Le4\",null,{}]]}],[\"$\",\"$Le5\",null,{}],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e922e223db0a041',t:'MTczMjcxMTE2MC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>