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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="أطة قلعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أطة قلعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Адакале – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адакале" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kale" title="Ada Kale – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ada Kale" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Ada-Kaleh" title="Insula Ada-Kaleh – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Insula Ada-Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kale" title="Ada Kale – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ada Kale" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD" title="Άντα Καλέ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άντα Καλέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adakale" title="Adakale – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adakale" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="آدا کاله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدا کاله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kale" title="Ada Kale – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ada Kale" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_Ada_Kaleh" title="Isola Ada Kaleh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%94" title="אדה קלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדה קלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ада Кале – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ада Кале" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada-Kaleh" title="Ada-Kaleh – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ada-Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Ada_Kaleh" title="Insula Ada Kaleh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kaleh" title="Ada Kaleh – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Ada Kaleh" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ада-Кале – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ада-Кале" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adakaleh" title="Adakaleh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Adakaleh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ада Кале – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ада Кале" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Kale" title="Ada Kale – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ada Kale" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adakale" title="Adakale – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adakale" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ада-Кале – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ада-Кале" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%94%E5%8D%A1%E8%90%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="阿達卡萊島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿達卡萊島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q346141#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ada_Kaleh&params=44_42_58_N_22_27_20_E_region:RO-MH_type:isle_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°42′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°27′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.71611°N 22.45556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.71611; 22.45556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former island on the Danube</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ada_Kaleh,_early_modern_period.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Map_of_Ada_Kaleh%2C_early_modern_period.jpg/220px-Map_of_Ada_Kaleh%2C_early_modern_period.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Map_of_Ada_Kaleh%2C_early_modern_period.jpg/330px-Map_of_Ada_Kaleh%2C_early_modern_period.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Map_of_Ada_Kaleh%2C_early_modern_period.jpg/440px-Map_of_Ada_Kaleh%2C_early_modern_period.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Early modern period map of the island</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada-Kaleh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ada-Kaleh.jpg/220px-Ada-Kaleh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ada-Kaleh.jpg/330px-Ada-Kaleh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ada-Kaleh.jpg/440px-Ada-Kaleh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>General view from north, photo from the end of the 19th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada_Kaleh-Bazaar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ada_Kaleh-Bazaar.jpg/220px-Ada_Kaleh-Bazaar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ada_Kaleh-Bazaar.jpg/330px-Ada_Kaleh-Bazaar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ada_Kaleh-Bazaar.jpg/440px-Ada_Kaleh-Bazaar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaar</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ada Kaleh</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[ˈada<span class="wrap"> </span>kaˈle]</a></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Adakale</i>, meaning "Island Fortress"; <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Újorsova</i> or <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">Ada Kaleh</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: Адакале, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanised</a>:</span> <i>Adakale</i>) was a small island on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, that was submerged during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_I_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station">Iron Gates hydroelectric plant</a> in 1970. The island was about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) downstream from <a href="/wiki/Or%C8%99ova" title="Orșova">Orșova</a> and was less than two kilometers long and approximately half a kilometer wide (1.75 x 0.4–0.5 km). Ada Kaleh was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Turkish</a> victims from all parts of the <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Ottoman Empire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there were also family ties to the Turkish Muslim populations of <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse, Bulgaria</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Exogamy" title="Exogamy">exogamic</a> marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The isle of Ada Kaleh is probably the most evocative victim of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Danube)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Gate (Danube)">Iron Gate</a> dam's construction. Once an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Turkish</a> <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> that changed hands multiple times in the 18th and 19th centuries, it had a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> and numerous twisting alleys, and was known as a <a href="/wiki/Free_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Free port">free port</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Smuggler" class="mw-redirect" title="Smuggler">smuggler</a>'s nest. The islanders produced <a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Turkish delight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_water" title="Rose water">rose water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a> <a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">marmalade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_oil" title="Rose oil">rose oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">fig</a>. They were well-known for <a href="/wiki/Turkish_oil_wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish oil wrestling">Turkish oil wrestling</a>. The existence of Ada Kaleh was overlooked at the 1878 <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> peace talks surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War</a>, known in Romania as the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">War of Independence</a>, which allowed the island to remain a <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> possession of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> until 1923. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkish_population">Turkish population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Turkish population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adakale Turks (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Adakale Türkleri</i>). The settlement of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> began in 1699 when the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> took the island.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-academia_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an Ottoman archive document, a brief history of the island and its inhabitants is described as follows: “After the 1770s, no boats crossed the Danube, presumably, and the <a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">Sipahi</a> officers, who were under the command of an Ottoman pasha in Adakale, brought their families to Adakale. The people here are all descendants of these military families… This is why the native language of the people is Turkish.” </p><p>In 1830, when the Serbian Principality was established in the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Smederevo" title="Sanjak of Smederevo">Sanjak of Smederevo</a> of the Ottoman Empire, the crowded <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Turks in Serbia</a> community living in the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> was settled in 6 settlements that would be considered Ottoman lands. Adakale became one of these six Turkish quarters, each of which was considered a township. </p><p>The islanders had family ties to the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Turks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse, Bulgaria</a>, due to exogamic marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A population census from 1913 shows that the majority of the inhabitans were Balkan Turks and Muslim Roma from <a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumeli Eyalet</a>, who came to the island after the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unifying bond was the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish culture">Turkish culture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. The population practiced <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>. The men wore the <a href="/wiki/Fez_(hat)" title="Fez (hat)">fez</a> and women the <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ar%C5%9Faf" title="Çarşaf">çarşaf</a> until they were forbidden to do so under the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a>. The islanders produced <a href="/wiki/Lokum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokum">lokum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_water" title="Rose water">rose water</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rose_oil" title="Rose oil">rose oil</a>. They also made a living from <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">tobacco industry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a>. The island was well known for its <a href="/wiki/Turkish_oil_wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish oil wrestling">Turkish oil wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Football_team" title="Football team">football team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> in 1913, the island was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a>, and after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in 1919 it was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a>. Some Turkish families left the island and went to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> as <a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ieg-ego_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieg-ego-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These occupations were not accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> in 1923, the island officially became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a>. From 1923 to 1938, due to <a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Anti-Turkish sentiment</a>, a lot of Turkish Families from Ada Kaleh and Dobruja went to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acarindex_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acarindex-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945, some Turks from Ada Kaleh went to Turkey, because they didn't want to live in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a>. In 1951, some Turkish Families from Ada Kaleh were forced to settle in the <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83r%C4%83gan_Plain" title="Bărăgan Plain">Bărăgan Plain</a>. In 1967, the entire remaining Turkish island population emigrated before the island was flooded. The majority went to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, others settled in <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a> in Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the period of communism in the 1950s and 1960s, some Romanian, German, and Hungarian women from Orșova married Turkish men from Ada Kaleh.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_music">Folk music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Alscher, who was on the island in the early 1900, gave information about the folk songs of islanders:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><blockquote><p>Girls sing folk songs. They are trying to sing in higher tones by vibrating their crystallized voices […]. The fishermen are singing recitative tunes and finishing them with a sharp ending […]. Afterwards, evening comes and Adakale rises through the phosphorescence of the water</p></blockquote><p>Turkish folk songs, fairy tales, and lullabies from Adakale were recorded by the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Turkology" title="Turkology">Turkologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_K%C3%BAnos" title="Ignác Kúnos">Ignac Kunos</a>; the island was his first stop for his research. He compiled a hundred and fifty Adakale folk songs, including <i>Ötme bülbül ötme yaz bahar oldu (Don't sing nightingale, summer has turned into spring)</i>, a Turkish folk song from <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Budin</a>, but he did not record their melodies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, attempts are being made nowadays to recreate Adakale folk songs musically.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Def, darbuka, and tanbur were used and songs were sang either by a group or individualy. According to Eugenia Popescu-Judetz traditional Bektashi music was also popular in Adakale. Kemal Altınkaya, who was deeply interested in Balkan Turkish music also collected 600 folk songs and dance tunes, including from the island. Romanian Ioan R. Nicola and his team were also interested in Adakale's folklore and published the research <i>Folclorul Turc Din Insula Ada-Kaleh</i> in 1971, where they gave melodies of epic songs, war songs, love songs, wedding songs etc.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialect">Dialect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dialect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adakale Turksh belongs to the Rumelian subgroup (also known as Balkan subgroup) of the Turkish language.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1970, Adakale used to be the northernmost part where Western Rumelian was spoken. Just like other Western Rumelian dialects spoken in North, <i>o</i> and <i>u</i> were used instead of <i>ö</i> and <i>ü.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Adakale Turkish </th> <th>Istanbul Turkish (official) </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>boyle </td> <td>böyle </td> <td>like this, such as </td></tr> <tr> <td>araysın </td> <td>arıyorsun </td> <td>you are looking for </td></tr> <tr> <td>dort </td> <td>dört </td> <td>four </td></tr> <tr> <td>yuru </td> <td>yürü </td> <td>go<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_2">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> built a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Vauban</a>-type <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fort</a> there to defend it from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and that fort would remain a bone of contention for the two empires. In 1699, under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Karlowitz" title="Treaty of Karlowitz">Treaty of Karlowitz</a>, the island came under Ottoman control, however, it was recaptured by the Austrians in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_of_1716%E2%80%9318" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18">1716–18 war</a>, and the fortress of New Orșova was built by Austrian colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Doxat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Doxat (page does not exist)">Nicolas Doxat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Doxat" class="extiw" title="de:Nicolas Doxat">de</a>]</span>. After a four-month siege <a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian%E2%80%93Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)">in 1738</a> it became Ottoman again, followed by the Austrians re-conquering it in 1789, but they had to return the island with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sistova" title="Treaty of Sistova">Treaty of Sistova</a> (1791), which ended the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931791)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791)">1787–91 war</a> between the Ottoman Empire and the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> (and, by extension, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a>). Ada Kaleh was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Vidin" title="Sanjak of Vidin">Sanjak of Vidin</a>, who was taken to the <a href="/wiki/Danube_vilayet" title="Danube vilayet">Danube vilayet</a> in 1864. Thereafter, the island lost its military importance. </p><p>In 1804, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">Serbian rebels</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Milenko_Stojkovi%C4%87" title="Milenko Stojković">Milenko Stojković</a>, caught and executed the <a href="/wiki/Dahije" title="Dahije">Dahije</a> (renegade <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> junta in the <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Smederevo" title="Sanjak of Smederevo">Sanjak of Smederevo</a>) that had fled <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> and taken refuge on the island, thereby ending Dahije tyranny. </p><p>Even though the Ottomans lost the areas surrounding the island after the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a>, the biggest problem seen in the social life of the island was the poverty of the 179 <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Roma">Muslim Roma</a> refugees who came from the lost <a href="/wiki/Danube_vilayet" title="Danube vilayet">Danube vilayet</a> after 1878, due to the wars, and who did not even have a roof and lived in the Catacombs under the Fortress arches.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From a Romanian perspective as the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Romanian War of Independence</a>, the island was totally forgotten during the peace talks at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> in 1878, which allowed it to remain a <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> Ottoman territory and the Ottoman sultan's private possession, although <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>, in 1913, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> unilaterally declared its sovereignty over the island, until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-Adakale_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adakale-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1878 and 1918, the areas surrounding the island were controlled by <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a> to the south, but the island was under Ottoman sovereignty. The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Government">Ottoman Government</a> continued to appoint and send a <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiye">nahiye</a> müdürü</i> (administrative head of a unit smaller than a district and bigger than a village) and a <i><a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadı">kadı</a></i> (judge) regularly. The island's inhabitants (officially citizens of the Ottoman Empire) enjoyed exemption from <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Customs_(tax)" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs (tax)">customs</a> and were not subject to <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>. The islanders also had the <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">right to vote</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1908_Ottoman_general_election" title="1908 Ottoman general election">Ottoman general elections of 1908</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Avrupa_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avrupa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada_Kaleh_baz%C3%A1rja_1912.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ada_Kaleh_baz%C3%A1rja_1912.JPG/250px-Ada_Kaleh_baz%C3%A1rja_1912.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ada_Kaleh_baz%C3%A1rja_1912.JPG/375px-Ada_Kaleh_baz%C3%A1rja_1912.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ada_Kaleh_baz%C3%A1rja_1912.JPG/500px-Ada_Kaleh_baz%C3%A1rja_1912.JPG 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Ada Kaleh in 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 12, 1913, taking advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a>, dr. Zoltán Medve, the <a href="/wiki/Isp%C3%A1n" title="Ispán">lord-lieutenant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Krass%C3%B3-Sz%C3%B6r%C3%A9ny_County" title="Krassó-Szörény County">Krassó-Szörény County</a>, sailed to the island under <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> ensign and introduced Hungarian administration by the representation of the Dual Monarchy. The island was transformed into a municipality known as Újorsova and assigned into the Orsova district of <a href="/wiki/Krass%C3%B3-Sz%C3%B6r%C3%A9ny_County" title="Krassó-Szörény County">Krassó-Szörény County</a>. This was the last territorial expansion of Hungary before the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>; the seizure was never officially recognised by the Ottoman government.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first and only census conducted in 1913, it is recorded in the archive documents that 637 people lived in 171 households in Adakale. Of these, 458 were the resident population living in the island's houses. After the Austro-Hungarian occupation, some Turkish Families left the Island in 1913 and went to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> as <a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ieg-ego.eu_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieg-ego.eu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania,_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17600.jpg/250px-Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17600.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17600.jpg/375px-Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17600.jpg/500px-Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>People posing before the mosque of Ada Kaleh, 1964</figcaption></figure><p> Following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> unilaterally declared its sovereignty in 1919 and strengthened its claim with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> in 1920, at that time many Turkish Families went to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> as <a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ieg-ego.eu_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieg-ego.eu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 24, 1923, the new <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> officially ceded Ada Kaleh to Romania with Articles 25 and 26 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>; by formally recognising the related provisions in the Treaty of Trianon.<sup id="cite_ref-Treaty_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treaty-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loss of the island is remembered with pain in Turkish historigraphy as İsmail Habib Sevük wrote in his "From Danube to the West":</p><blockquote><p>We, who had lost half of the past geography, felt a much deeper melancholy for the loss of this small island, much stronger than the loss of the Arabic Lands. The Danube, which could not be kept by the Turks, was still connected to us with this small island. We feel the pain of an injured vessel in our grief.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>From 1923 - 1938, Turkish Families from Ada Kaleh and Dobruja went to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and settled mostly in <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada_Kaleh_V%C3%A1r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ada_Kaleh_V%C3%A1r.jpg/250px-Ada_Kaleh_V%C3%A1r.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ada_Kaleh_V%C3%A1r.jpg/375px-Ada_Kaleh_V%C3%A1r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ada_Kaleh_V%C3%A1r.jpg/500px-Ada_Kaleh_V%C3%A1r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>The fortress of Ada Kaleh, which gave its name to the island ("Island Fortress"). From a Hungarian postcard, 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>The population lived primarily on the cultivation of tobacco and fishery, and later on tourism. In its last years of existence, the island's population ranged between 600 and 1,000 inhabitants. Before the island was covered by the waters of the Iron Gates Dam, part of the population moved in 1967 to <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and the rest to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, invited by Prime Minister Demirel during his visit to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Avrupa_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avrupa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ada Kaleh <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hammam" title="Hammam">Hammam</a>, dating from 1903, was built on the site of an earlier <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> from 1699. The carpet of the mosque, a gift from the Turkish Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhamid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdülhamid II">Abdülhamid II</a>, was relocated to the <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a> Mosque in 1965. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania,_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17602.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17602.jpg/220px-Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17602.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17602.jpg/330px-Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17602.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17602.jpg/440px-Romania%2C_Ada_Kaleh_Fortepan_17602.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption>Residents of the island in 1964</figcaption></figure> <p>The island was visited by King <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II of Romania</a> in 1931, and by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a> of Turkey on September 13, 1967. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada-Kaleh_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ada-Kaleh_03.jpg/220px-Ada-Kaleh_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ada-Kaleh_03.jpg/330px-Ada-Kaleh_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ada-Kaleh_03.jpg/440px-Ada-Kaleh_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Post office (left) in 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>The Muslim Turkish inhabitants of the island were described by visitors as kind, friendly, and openhearted.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the construction of the dam, some of the structures that were built on the island were relocated to the nearby <a href="/wiki/%C8%98imian_(island)" title="Șimian (island)">Șimian Island</a>, including part of the masonry of the fortress' catacombs, the mosque, the bazaar, Mahmut Pasha's house, the graveyard, and various other objects. However, the Ada Kaleh community decided to emigrate to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> after the evacuation of the island, instead of resettling on Șimian Island. A smaller part went to <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian territory with a Turkish minority</a>, so the reconstruction of the "<a href="/wiki/New_Ada_Kaleh" class="mw-redirect" title="New Ada Kaleh">New Ada Kaleh</a>" was never completed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada_Kaleh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ada_Kaleh.jpg/220px-Ada_Kaleh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ada_Kaleh.jpg/330px-Ada_Kaleh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ada_Kaleh.jpg/440px-Ada_Kaleh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2607" /></a><figcaption>General view of the island, coloured photograph (between 1890 and 1905)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ada Kaleh plays an important part in the novel of one of the most famous Hungarian authors, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3r_J%C3%B3kai" title="Mór Jókai">Mór Jókai</a>. In the novel <i>The Golden Man</i> (<i>Az Arany Ember</i>), published in 1872, Ada Kaleh is called "No One's Isle" and it becomes an almost mythical symbol of peace, seclusion, and beauty, juxtaposed with the material outside world. </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Between_the_Woods_and_the_Water" title="Between the Woods and the Water">Between the Woods and the Water</a></i>, the second volume of <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leigh_Fermor" title="Patrick Leigh Fermor">Patrick Leigh Fermor</a>'s narrative of his journey across Europe, the author describes a delightful visit in 1934 with a group of elderly inhabitants and discusses the history of the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%9Cdv%C3%B6zl%C5%91_lap_Ada_Kaleh-b%C3%B3l.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%C3%9Cdv%C3%B6zl%C5%91_lap_Ada_Kaleh-b%C3%B3l.jpg/250px-%C3%9Cdv%C3%B6zl%C5%91_lap_Ada_Kaleh-b%C3%B3l.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%C3%9Cdv%C3%B6zl%C5%91_lap_Ada_Kaleh-b%C3%B3l.jpg/375px-%C3%9Cdv%C3%B6zl%C5%91_lap_Ada_Kaleh-b%C3%B3l.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%C3%9Cdv%C3%B6zl%C5%91_lap_Ada_Kaleh-b%C3%B3l.jpg/500px-%C3%9Cdv%C3%B6zl%C5%91_lap_Ada_Kaleh-b%C3%B3l.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Bego Mustafa on an old postcard of Ada Kaleh. He helped the Hungarian national hero <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a> cross the Danube and escape to <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> (then part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Miskin Baba, was considered the patron <a href="/wiki/Sufi_saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi saint">Sufi saint</a> by the Turks of Ada Kaleh. Legend says that he was an <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a> prince from <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, who came to the island around 1786 and died there around 1851. His <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrbe" title="Türbe">Türbe</a> was revered as a sanctuary<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receb_A%C4%9Fa" title="Receb Ağa">Receb Ağa</a>, the Island was ruled by him and his Family from 1788 - 1816</li> <li>Around 1860 the German <a href="/wiki/Carl_Heinrich_Edmund_von_Berg" title="Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg">Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg</a> visit Ada Kaleh and the House of Mahmut Pasha<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bego Mustafa, former <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> from <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Military of the Ottoman Empire">Military of the Ottoman Empire</a>, was a Turk who helped the Hungarian revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a> escape to <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman Bulgaria</a> in 1849, across the Danube river on a boat. Bego Mustafa's picture was often used for postcards from Ada Kaleh. He was the last Turkish Feudal Lord of Ada Kaleh<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ali Kadri was the richest Turk on Ada Kaleh, he was an orphan and a former fisherman, later through his cigarette production he became very rich. He was a colorful personality, and was called <i>Sultan of Ada Kaleh</i>. He built a 24-room mansion with a Harem for his four wives, next the Mosque. Around 1945 he fled to Turkey together with his Family, to escape the communist regime in Romania, but his property was confiscated<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Nationale Aneignung und internationale Vermarktung der Insel Ada-Kaleh</i>. In: Spiegelungen, 2/2014</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFРанко_Јаковљевић" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ранко Јаковљевић. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/rastko/delo/12985">"Ada Kale"</a> (in Serbian). Rastko.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ada+Kale&rft.pub=Rastko&rft.au=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Frastko%2Fdelo%2F12985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAda+Kaleh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060327100741/http://www.jurnalul.ro/articol_39941/asa_a_fost_pe_ada_kaleh.html"><i>Așa a fost pe Ada Kaleh</i> (This is how it was on Ada Kaleh)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jurnalul_Na%C8%9Bional" title="Jurnalul Național">Jurnalul Național</a>, 7 November 2005</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013170849/http://www.evz.ro/article.php?artid=277013"><i>Supraviețuitorii de pe insula scufundată de Ceaușescu</i> (Survivors of the Island Submerged by Ceaușescu)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a> 21 October 2006</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/rastko/delo/13688"><i>Ada Kaleh</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alexisphoenix.org/adakaleh.php"><i>The Old Island of Ada Kaleh</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725000112/http://alexisphoenix.org/adakaleh.php">Archived</a> 2011-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alexisphoenix.org/adakalehnew.php"><i>The Rebuilding of Ada Kaleh on Șimian Island</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516052456/http://alexisphoenix.org/adakalehnew.php">Archived</a> 2007-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Kaleh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/ada-kaleh-an-ottoman-atlantis-on-the-danube">Ada Kaleh, an Ottoman Atlantis on the Danube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/history/ada-kaleh-balkan-island-where-people-once-lived-no-state-or-masters">Ada-Kaleh: the Balkan Island Where People Once Lived with no State or Masters</a>, Petar Georgiev Mandzhukov's memoir <i>Harbingers of Storm</i> (Sofia: FAB, 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patrickleighfermor.wordpress.com/2012/09/22/on-the-island-of-ada-kaleh-on-the-danube/"><i>Ada Kaleh: the lost island of the Danube</i></a> - photogallery</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danube" title="Template:Danube"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danube" title="Template talk:Danube"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danube" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danube"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Danube" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">The Danube</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovakia" title="Geography of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danubemap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Danube"><img alt="Map indicating the Danube" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/120px-Danubemap.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/180px-Danubemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/240px-Danubemap.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reni,_Ukraine" title="Reni, Ukraine">Reni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izmail" title="Izmail">Izmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliia" title="Kiliia">Kiliia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulcea" title="Tulcea">Tulcea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Danube" title="List of tributaries of the Danube">Tributaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_(river)" title="Lech (river)">Lech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_(river)" title="Regen (river)">Regen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isar" title="Isar">Isar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn_(river)" title="Inn (river)">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1h" title="Váh">Váh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hron" title="Hron">Hron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipe%C4%BE" title="Ipeľ">Ipeľ/Ipoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza/Tisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiș (river)">Timiș/Tamiš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Morava" title="Great Morava">Great Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timok" title="Timok">Timok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu_(river)" title="Jiu (river)">Jiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskar_(river)" title="Iskar (river)">Iskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vit_(river)" title="Vit (river)">Vit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olt_(river)" title="Olt (river)">Olt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osam" title="Osam">Osam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_(river)" title="Yantra (river)">Yantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedea" title="Vedea">Vedea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_(river)" title="Argeș (river)">Argeș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ialomi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Ialomița (river)">Ialomița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siret_(river)" title="Siret (river)">Siret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prut" title="Prut">Prut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Main%E2%80%93Danube_Canal" title="Rhine–Main–Danube Canal">Rhine–Main–Danube Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Black_Sea_Canal" title="Danube–Black Sea Canal">Danube–Black Sea Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breg_(river)" title="Breg (river)">Breg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigach" title="Brigach">Brigach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_of_the_Danube" title="Source of the Danube">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Bend" title="Danube Bend">Danube Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Danube" title="List of islands in the Danube">List of islands in the Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Danube" title="List of crossings of the Danube">List of crossings of the Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_of_the_Danube_River" title="Internationalization of the Danube River">Internationalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q346141#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q346141#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q346141#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1063974607">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh96007864">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ada-Kaleh (Rumunsko a Srbsko : ostrov)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge717722&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558710505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/adakale">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ada_Kaleh&params=44_42_58_N_22_27_20_E_region:RO-MH_type:isle_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°42′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°27′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.71611°N 22.45556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.71611; 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