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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Federal election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_subdivisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political subdivisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="كانتون غراوبوندن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانتون غراوبوندن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_d%27os_Grisons" title="Cantón d'os Grisons – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cantón d'os Grisons" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenton_des_Gresons" title="Quenton des Gresons – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Quenton des Gresons" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_de_los_Grisones" title="Cantón de los Grisones – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cantón de los Grisones" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qraub%C3%BCnden" title="Qraubünden – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qraubünden" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86)" title="قراوبوندن (کانتون) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قراوبوندن (کانتون)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden_Chiu" title="Graubünden Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Graubünden Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Граўбюндэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граўбюндэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Граўбюндэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Граўбюндэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Граубюнден – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Граубюнден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grisons" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Граубюнден – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Граубюнден" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_y_Grisons" title="Canton y Grisons – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canton y Grisons" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCndenska" title="Kanton Graubündenska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kanton Graubündenska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCndeni_kanton" title="Graubündeni kanton – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Graubündeni kanton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Καντόνι του Γκριζούν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καντόνι του Γκριζούν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_de_los_Grisones" title="Cantón de los Grisones – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cantón de los Grisones" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantono_Grizono" title="Kantono Grizono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantono Grizono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisonia" title="Grisonia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grisonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="کانتون گراوبوندن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانتون گراوبوندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_des_Grisons" title="Canton des Grisons – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canton des Grisons" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grischuns_(Chantun)" title="Grischuns (Chantun) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Grischuns (Chantun)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gris%C3%B3ns" title="Grisóns – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grisóns" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EB%B7%98%EB%8D%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="그라우뷘덴주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그라우뷘덴주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Գրաուբյունդեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրաուբյունդեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्राउबुन्डन कैन्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्राउबुन्डन कैन्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Canton de Graubünden – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Canton de Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Граубюнден – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Граубюнден" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Grigioni" title="Canton Grigioni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canton Grigioni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9F" title="גראובינדן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גראובינדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გრაუბიუნდენის კანტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრაუბიუნდენის კანტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Граубюнден – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Граубюнден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Grizon" title="Kanton Grizon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kanton Grizon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Grisons" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grijons" title="Grijons – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Grijons" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisonia" title="Grisonia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Grisonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graubindenes_kantons" title="Graubindenes kantons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Graubindenes kantons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graubiundenas" title="Graubiundenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Graubiundenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%BAk%C3%A1_ya_Mbw%C3%A9" title="Etúká ya Mbwé – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etúká ya Mbwé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Grisun" title="Canton Grisun – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Canton Grisun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden_kanton" title="Graubünden kanton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Graubünden kanton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Grisons" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्राउब्युंडन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्राउब्युंडन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="كانتون جراوبوندن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كانتون جراوبوندن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="گراوبوندن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گراوبوندن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="グラウビュンデン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グラウビュンデン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grisons" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="گراوبندن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گراوبندن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ګراو بوندن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګراو بوندن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_dij_Grison" title="Canton dij Grison – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Canton dij Grison" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryzonia" title="Gryzonia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gryzonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gris%C3%B5es" title="Grisões – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grisões" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonul_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Cantonul Graubünden – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cantonul Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantun_Grischun" title="Chantun Grischun – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chantun Grischun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Граубюнден – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Граубюнден" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kantoni Graubünden – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kantoni Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Griggiuni" title="Canton Griggiuni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Canton Griggiuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Kanton Graubünden – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kanton Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Кантон Граубинден – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантон Граубинден" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐเกราบึนเดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐเกราบึนเดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Граубюнден – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Граубюнден" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="گراوبوندن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گراوبوندن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Grixoni" title="Canton Grixoni – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canton Grixoni" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Graubünden" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%B3%E5%AE%BE%E7%99%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="格劳宾登州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格劳宾登州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9F" title="גראבונדן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראבונדן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%95%99%E9%82%8A%E7%99%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="格留邊登州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格留邊登州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grisons&params=46_45_N_9_30_E_region:CH-GR_type:city(200096)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.750°N 9.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.750; 9.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the animal, see <a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a>. For the French wine grape, see <a href="/wiki/Grison_(grape)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grison (grape)">Grison (grape)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canton</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Grisons</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Graubünden</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Grischun</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Grigioni</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Graubünden</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Canton of the Grisons<br />Canton of Graubünden</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Grisons"><img alt="Flag of Grisons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg/100px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg/149px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg/199px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="471" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Grisons"><img alt="Coat of arms of Grisons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg/68px-CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg/103px-CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg/137px-CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="265" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 275px; height: 175px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="275" data-height="175" data-zoom="6" data-lat="46.7" data-lon="8.25" data-overlays="["_363f91a36e2eeb1ccbf822948d131f6fb342b878"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/46.7/8.25/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Grisons&revid=1252405235&groups=_363f91a36e2eeb1ccbf822948d131f6fb342b878" width="275" height="175" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Grisons&revid=1252405235&groups=_363f91a36e2eeb1ccbf822948d131f6fb342b878 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Switzerland <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid grey;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left;">Map of the Grisons</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Karte_Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden_2010.png/250px-Karte_Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden_2010.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Karte_Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden_2010.png/375px-Karte_Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Karte_Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden_2010.png/500px-Karte_Kanton_Graub%C3%BCnden_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="1646" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grisons&params=46_45_N_9_30_E_region:CH-GR_type:city(200096)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.750°N 9.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.750; 9.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Grisons" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Grisons">108 municipalities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Grisons" title="Districts of Switzerland">11 districts</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Executive Council<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Regierungsrat</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Regenza</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Governo</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></li></ul></div> (5)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislative</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Council of Graubünden">Grand Council</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Rat</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Cussegl Grond</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Gran Consiglio</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></li></ul></div> (120)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,105.39 km<sup>2</sup> (2,743.41 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(December 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_GR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_GR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">200,096</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">28/km<sup>2</sup> (73/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 14.519 billion (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CHF 72,754 (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-GR</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Highest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,049 m (13,284 ft): <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Piz_Bernina" title="Piz Bernina">Piz Bernina</a></i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Lowest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">260 m (853 ft): border to <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> at <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/San_Vittore,_Switzerland" title="San Vittore, Switzerland">San Vittore</a></i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland#Order_of_accession_of_the_cantons" title="History of Switzerland">Joined</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1803</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walser_German" title="Walser German">Walser German</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gr.ch/IT/Seiten/welcome.aspx">www<wbr />.gr<wbr />.ch<wbr />/IT<wbr />/Seiten<wbr />/welcome<wbr />.aspx</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Grisons</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ɒ̃/: nasal 'an' in 'vin blanc'">ɒ̃</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡʁizɔ̃]</a></span>) or <b>Graubünden</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ɡraʊˈbʏndn̩]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/De-Graubuenden.ogg\/De-Graubuenden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Graubuenden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/De-Graubuenden.ogg/De-Graubuenden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Graubuenden.ogg" title="File:De-Graubuenden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more formally the <b>Canton of the Grisons</b> or the <b>Canton of Graubünden</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the twenty-six <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. It has eleven districts, and its capital is <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>. The <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> name of the canton, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Graubünden</i></span>, translates as the "Grey Leagues", referring to the canton's origin in three local alliances, the <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a>. The other native names also refer to the <a href="/wiki/Grey_League" title="Grey League">Grey League</a>: <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Grischùn</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Sutsilvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutsilvan">Sutsilvan</a>, <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Grischun</i></span> in the other forms of <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>, and <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Grigioni</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Rhaetia</a></i></span> is the Latin name for the area. The <a href="/wiki/Alpine_ibex" title="Alpine ibex">Alpine ibex</a> is the canton's heraldic symbol. </p><p>The largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland, it is also one of the three large southern <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> cantons, along with <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>. It is the most diverse canton in terms of natural and cultural geography, as it encompasses both sides of the Alps and several natural and cultural regions. The diversity of the canton is often compared to that of Switzerland as a whole and warrants it the name of "Little Switzerland".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grisons is bordered by four cantons as well as <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>. </p><p>The state is the only trilingual canton of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the only one where <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>, Switzerland's fourth national language, has official status. Romansh language and culture is an important part of local identity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 the canton had a population of 200,096.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_GR_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_GR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the least densely populated canton of Switzerland. The only sizable city in the canton is Chur, as the majority of the population lives in mountainous areas, including some of the most remote valleys of the country. One of the birthplaces of winter sports, the canton is a major tourist destination year-round, including a large number of Alpine resort towns, notably <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>. The canton is also renowned for its extensive narrow-gauge railway network, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a>, and linking the capital with most valleys of the Grisons. </p><p>Formerly occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_people" title="Rhaetian people">Rhaeti</a>, most of the lands of the canton became part of the Roman province called <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a>, which was established in 15 BC, with <i><a href="/wiki/Chur#History" title="Chur">Curia</a></i>, a settlement dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Pfyn_culture" title="Pfyn culture">Pfyn culture</a>, as capital city. The area later became part of the lands of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Chur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Chur">diocese of Chur</a>. The late middle ages saw the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_God%27s_House" title="League of God's House">League of God's House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grey_League" title="Grey League">Grey League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Ten_Jurisdictions" title="League of the Ten Jurisdictions">League of the Ten Jurisdictions</a>. In 1471 an alliance gave birth to the <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a>, and before the end of the 15th century, the latter became an ally of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a>. In 1803 the Three Leagues finally became one of the cantons of the Confederation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography of Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engadine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Engadine.jpg/220px-Engadine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Engadine.jpg/330px-Engadine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Engadine.jpg/440px-Engadine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption>The Engadin (here near <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a> and the lakes) is one of the highest valleys of the Alps and the only Swiss region in the basin of the Black Sea.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Grisons is Switzerland's largest and at the same time easternmost canton. Its geography, essentially marked by the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, is complex and encompasses a wide range of climates and ecosystems. It is one of the three large southern Alpine cantons, along with <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>, which include regions on the south side of the Alps. But in contrast to those (and all other cantons), it fully extends on both sides of the great Alpine barrier, from the northern plains at <a href="/wiki/Maienfeld" title="Maienfeld">Maienfeld</a> to the southern plains at <a href="/wiki/Roveredo" title="Roveredo">Roveredo</a>. However, a large portion of the canton is neither clearly north nor south of the Alps, it is the <a href="/wiki/Engadin" title="Engadin">Engadin</a> (the "garden of the Inn"), a large inner Alpine valley oriented towards eastern Europe. Therefore there are parts of this canton in four of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">five drainage basins of the country</a>. The north of the canton is drained by the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (ending in the North Sea), the south by the <a href="/wiki/Po_(river)" title="Po (river)">Po</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adige" title="Adige">Adige</a> through several affluents (Mediterranean Sea), and the Engadin by the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Inn_(river)" title="Inn (river)">Inn</a> (Black Sea).<sup id="cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swisstopo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grisons lies fully within the Alps, with elevations above sea-level ranging from 260 to 4,049 metres (853 to 13,284 ft). It is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">both one of the highest and lowest cantons</a>, and the second-highest when considering mean elevation. As a consequence, its topography is extremely rugged and many of the highest settlements in the country (and Europe) are found there, notably in the Upper Engadin. The mountains are numerous; well over 1,000 summits are in the canton.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest is <a href="/wiki/Piz_Bernina" title="Piz Bernina">Piz Bernina</a>, closely followed by numerous peaks in the <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Range" title="Bernina Range">homonymous range</a>. Other prominent mountains are <a href="/wiki/Piz_Russein" class="mw-redirect" title="Piz Russein">Piz Russein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piz_Kesch" title="Piz Kesch">Piz Kesch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calanda_(mountain)" title="Calanda (mountain)">Calanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aroser_Rothorn" title="Aroser Rothorn">Aroser Rothorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rheinwaldhorn" title="Rheinwaldhorn">Rheinwaldhorn</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="List of mountains of Graubünden">list of mountains of Graubünden</a> for a more exhaustive list. The canton includes numerous subranges of the Alps other than the Bernina. These are the <a href="/wiki/Albula_Alps" title="Albula Alps">Albula</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bregaglia_Range" title="Bregaglia Range">Bregaglia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Glarus_Alps" title="Glarus Alps">Glarus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotthard Massif">Gotthard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lepontine_Alps" title="Lepontine Alps">Lepontine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Livigno_Alps" title="Livigno Alps">Livigno</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Plessur_Alps" title="Plessur Alps">Plessur</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oberhalbstein_Alps" title="Oberhalbstein Alps">Oberhalbstein</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ortler_Alps" title="Ortler Alps">Ortler</a>, the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4tikon" title="Rätikon">Rätikon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Samnaun_Alps" title="Samnaun Alps">Samnaun</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sesvenna_Alps" title="Sesvenna Alps">Sesvenna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Silvretta_Alps" title="Silvretta Alps">Silvretta</a> ranges. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011-07-25_11-31-16_Switzerland_Graub%C3%BCnden_Rhine_Gorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2011-07-25_11-31-16_Switzerland_Graub%C3%BCnden_Rhine_Gorge.jpg/440px-2011-07-25_11-31-16_Switzerland_Graub%C3%BCnden_Rhine_Gorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2011-07-25_11-31-16_Switzerland_Graub%C3%BCnden_Rhine_Gorge.jpg/660px-2011-07-25_11-31-16_Switzerland_Graub%C3%BCnden_Rhine_Gorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2011-07-25_11-31-16_Switzerland_Graub%C3%BCnden_Rhine_Gorge.jpg/880px-2011-07-25_11-31-16_Switzerland_Graub%C3%BCnden_Rhine_Gorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11434" data-file-height="3967" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Anterior_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior Rhine">Anterior Rhine</a> (here at the <a href="/wiki/Ruinaulta" title="Ruinaulta">Rhine Gorge</a>) is one of the largest rivers in the canton.</figcaption></figure> <p>The regions on the north side of the Alps are all drained by the Rhine and form an intricate network of valleys. The Rhine is both one of the longest rivers within the canton and the only one flowing directly into a sea. The <a href="/wiki/Sources_of_the_Rhine" title="Sources of the Rhine">sources of the Rhine</a> are found in the west of the canton and form the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior Rhine">Anterior Rhine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior Rhine">Posterior Rhine</a>. These two rivers converge at <a href="/wiki/Reichenau,_Switzerland" title="Reichenau, Switzerland">Reichenau</a> to form the Rhine in the strict sense of the term. Just after the convergence, the valley opens and its floor constitutes the flattest plains of the canton, from <a href="/wiki/Domat/Ems" title="Domat/Ems">Domat/Ems</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A4sch" title="Fläsch">Fläsch</a> at the St. Gallen border. In the area around <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Calanda_(mountain)" title="Calanda (mountain)">Calanda</a>, the Rhine progressively changes its direction, from eastward to northward. The Anterior Rhine and Posterior Rhine include numerous tributaries as well before their own convergence. The former constitutes a long and straight valley, the Surselva, shut off from the lower plains by the <a href="/wiki/Ruinaulta" title="Ruinaulta">Rhine Gorge</a>. Its biggest tributaries are the rivers <a href="/wiki/Glogn" title="Glogn">Glogn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valser_Rhine" title="Valser Rhine">Valser Rhine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabiusa" title="Rabiusa">Rabiusa</a>, forming respectively the <a href="/wiki/Val_Lumnezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Lumnezia">Val Lumnezia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vals_Valley" title="Vals Valley">Vals Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Safiental" title="Safiental">Safiental</a>. The other one, the Posterior Rhine, notably collects the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Avers_Rhine" title="Avers Rhine">Avers Rhine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Albula_(river)" title="Albula (river)">Albula</a>, which in turn collects the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Gelgia_(river)" title="Gelgia (river)">Gelgia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Landwasser" title="Landwasser">Landwasser</a>. Similarly to the Anterior Rhine, the upper portion of the Posterior Rhine is also shut off from the plains by the <a href="/wiki/Viamala" title="Viamala">Viamala</a> Gorge. After the convergence with the Albula, the Posterior Rhine forms a wide valley, the <a href="/wiki/Domleschg" title="Domleschg">Domleschg</a>, until it meets its anterior counterpart. After that, the Rhine collects the water of two important rivers: the <a href="/wiki/Plessur_(river)" title="Plessur (river)">Plessur</a> at Chur, forming the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Schanfigg" class="mw-redirect" title="Schanfigg">Schanfigg</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Landquart_(river)" title="Landquart (river)">Landquart</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Landquart,_Switzerland" title="Landquart, Switzerland">homonymous town</a>, forming the <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A4tigau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prätigau">Prätigau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swisstopo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Engadin is entirely drained by the Inn and is the only valley in Switzerland in the Danube basin. The Inn is one of the longest rivers in the canton and forms an almost straight valley, from the <a href="/wiki/Maloja_Pass" title="Maloja Pass">Maloja Pass</a> to <a href="/wiki/Martina,_Switzerland" title="Martina, Switzerland">Martina</a>, with a change of direction near <a href="/wiki/Zernez" title="Zernez">Zernez</a>. Despite its length and numerous tributaries, only a few long rivers converge with the Inn. These are the <a href="/wiki/Flaz" title="Flaz">Flaz</a> (forming the Val Bernina), the <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%B6l" title="Spöl">Spöl</a> (forming the Val da Spöl) and the Clemgia (forming the <a href="/wiki/Val_S-charl" class="mw-redirect" title="Val S-charl">Val S-charl</a>). In the lower part of the Engadin is also the side valley of <a href="/wiki/Samnaun" title="Samnaun">Samnaun</a>. The main passes connecting the Engadin with the northern Grisons are (from west to east): the <a href="/wiki/Julier_Pass" title="Julier Pass">Julier Pass</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Albula_Pass" title="Albula Pass">Albula Pass</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BCela_Pass" title="Flüela Pass">Flüela Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swisstopo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The valleys on the south side of the Alps are not contiguous to each other and form four distinct regions. The <a href="/wiki/Mesolcina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolcina">Mesolcina</a>, drained by the <a href="/wiki/Moesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesa">Moesa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Val_Bregaglia" title="Val Bregaglia">Val Bregaglia</a>, drained by the <a href="/wiki/Mera_(Lake_Como)" title="Mera (Lake Como)">Mera</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Val_Poschiavo" title="Val Poschiavo">Val Poschiavo</a>, drained by the <a href="/wiki/Poschiavino" title="Poschiavino">Poschiavino</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Val_M%C3%BCstair" title="Val Müstair">Val Müstair</a>, drained by the <a href="/wiki/Rom_(river)" title="Rom (river)">Rom</a>. The first three are in the Po basin and the last one is in the Adige basin. While the first two (Mesolcina and Bregaglia) are contiguous to the region north of the Alps, through the <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Pass" title="San Bernardino Pass">San Bernardino Pass</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Septimer_Pass" title="Septimer Pass">Septimer Pass</a> respectively, the three last ones (Bregaglia, Poschiavo and Müstair) are contiguous to the Engadin, through the <a href="/wiki/Maloja_Pass" title="Maloja Pass">Maloja Pass</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Pass" title="Bernina Pass">Bernina Pass</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ofen_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofen Pass">Ofen Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swisstopo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although no large bodies of water are found in the canton, numerous mountain lakes (above 800 m elevation) dot the landscape, some of them being used as reservoirs for hydroelectricity production. The largest natural lakes are <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sils" title="Lake Sils">Lake Sils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Silvaplana" title="Lake Silvaplana">Lake Silvaplana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Poschiavo" title="Lago di Poschiavo">Lago di Poschiavo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Moritz" title="Lake St. Moritz">Lake St. Moritz</a> (all in Upper Engadin except that of Poschiavo). Artificial lakes are more numerous, the largest (over 100 ha) being <a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Livigno" title="Lago di Livigno">Lago di Livigno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Lei" title="Lago di Lei">Lago di Lei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lai_da_Sontga_Maria" title="Lai da Sontga Maria">Lai da Sontga Maria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zervreilasee" title="Zervreilasee">Zervreilasee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lago_Bianco" title="Lago Bianco">Lago Bianco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lai_da_Marmorera" title="Lai da Marmorera">Lai da Marmorera</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4gh_da_l%27Albigna" class="mw-redirect" title="Lägh da l'Albigna">Lägh da l'Albigna</a>. The total number of lakes has been estimated to 600.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of mountain lakes of Switzerland">list of mountain lakes of Switzerland</a> for a more exhaustive list. </p><p>Unlike other large cantons, the Grisons includes very few cities. The largest (and capital city) is <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>. It is followed by <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landquart,_Switzerland" title="Landquart, Switzerland">Landquart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domat/Ems" title="Domat/Ems">Domat/Ems</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, which are, however, far less populated. The canton is particularly renowned for its numerous Alpine resort towns, notably two of the aforementioned ones (Davos and St. Moritz), but also <a href="/wiki/Klosters" title="Klosters">Klosters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arosa" title="Arosa">Arosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenzerheide" title="Lenzerheide">Lenzerheide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disentis" title="Disentis">Disentis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flims" title="Flims">Flims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontresina" title="Pontresina">Pontresina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scuol" title="Scuol">Scuol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The diversity of the climate of the Grisons is high and comparable to <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">that of Switzerland</a>. In the southernmost and lowest regions, vineyards and olives are grown,<sup id="cite_ref-Mesolcina_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mesolcina-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while on the highest summits, snow is found year-round. The inner valleys, particularly the Engadin, are significantly drier than the north and south side of the Alps, being sheltered by the high mountains of the range. On the south side of the Alps, <a href="/wiki/Grono,_Switzerland" title="Grono, Switzerland">Grono</a> is one of the top warmest places in the country with an average of 12.4 °C (54.3 °F). The nationwide record temperature of 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) was registered there. The southern valleys are also significantly wetter than the rest of the canton (1,476 mm of rain in Grono, 849 mm in Chur, and 705 mm in Scuol). The coldest places are naturally at high elevations, such as on <a href="/wiki/Piz_Corvatsch" title="Piz Corvatsch">Piz Corvatsch</a>. The localities of the Upper Engadin are amongst the coldest inhabited regions in the country, notably <a href="/wiki/Samedan" title="Samedan">Samedan</a> with an average temperature of 2.0 °C (35.6 °F). The cantonwide record-low temperature of −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) was registered there.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low-elevation region of Chur, including the Bündner Herrschaft, experiences naturally less harsh temperatures with an average of 10.0 °C (50.0 °F). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 221.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 219.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maienfeld_Falknis_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lowlands: Vineyards of the Bündner Herrschaft, at the foot of the Falknis"><img alt="Lowlands: Vineyards of the Bündner Herrschaft, at the foot of the Falknis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maienfeld_Falknis_02.JPG/329px-Maienfeld_Falknis_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maienfeld_Falknis_02.JPG/495px-Maienfeld_Falknis_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maienfeld_Falknis_02.JPG/659px-Maienfeld_Falknis_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lowlands: Vineyards of the Bündner Herrschaft, at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Falknis" title="Falknis">Falknis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 247.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stairs_with_a_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montane zone: Val Bregaglia, at the foot of Piz Badile"><img alt="Montane zone: Val Bregaglia, at the foot of Piz Badile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Stairs_with_a_view.jpg/368px-Stairs_with_a_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Stairs_with_a_view.jpg/553px-Stairs_with_a_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Stairs_with_a_view.jpg/737px-Stairs_with_a_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Montane zone: Val Bregaglia, at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Piz_Badile" title="Piz Badile">Piz Badile</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 248.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Val_Frisal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alpine zone: Val Frisal, at the foot of Piz Durschin"><img alt="Alpine zone: Val Frisal, at the foot of Piz Durschin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Val_Frisal.jpg/373px-Val_Frisal.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Val_Frisal.jpg/560px-Val_Frisal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Val_Frisal.jpg/746px-Val_Frisal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alpine zone: Val Frisal, at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Piz_Durschin" class="mw-redirect" title="Piz Durschin">Piz Durschin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PizBernina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nival zone: Piz Bernina from Piz Morteratsch"><img alt="Nival zone: Piz Bernina from Piz Morteratsch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PizBernina.jpg/412px-PizBernina.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PizBernina.jpg/618px-PizBernina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PizBernina.jpg/823px-PizBernina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1289" data-file-height="774" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nival zone: <a href="/wiki/Piz_Bernina" title="Piz Bernina">Piz Bernina</a> from <a href="/wiki/Piz_Morteratsch" title="Piz Morteratsch">Piz Morteratsch</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The area of the Grisons is 7,105.2 square kilometres (2,743.3 sq mi), 19.2% larger than the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">canton of Bern</a>, the second largest canton.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_Graubunden_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_Graubunden-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only about a third of this is commonly regarded as productive land of which <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> cover about a fifth of the total area.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_Graubunden_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_Graubunden-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canton is almost entirely mountainous and it is the most sparsely populated region of the country. In its southeastern part lies the only official <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Park" title="Swiss National Park">Swiss National Park</a>. In its northern part, the mountains were formed as part of the thrust fault that was in 2008 declared a geologic <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, under the name <a href="/wiki/Glarus_thrust" title="Glarus thrust">Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona</a>. Another <a href="/wiki/Man_and_the_Biosphere_Programme" title="Man and the Biosphere Programme">Biosphere Reserve</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Val_M%C3%BCstair" title="Val Müstair">Biosfera Val Müstair</a> adjacent to the Swiss National Park, while <a href="/wiki/Ela_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ela Nature Park">Ela Nature Park</a> is one of the regionally supported parks. </p><p>The Grisons is sometimes included in the larger region of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Switzerland" title="Eastern Switzerland">Eastern Switzerland</a>, together with six other cantons. The Grisons shares border with numerous regions of Europe, reflecting its cultural diversity, and is the only canton adjacent to three different countries. On the national level it shares borders with four other cantons: <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> to the northwest (essentially across the Glarus Alps) and <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> to the west (essentially across the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotthard Massif">Gotthard Massif</a> and the Lepontine Alps but also at the level of the plain at Roveredo). On the international level, the canton shares borders with three countries: <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> to the north, the Austrian regions of <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tyrol</a> to the northeast and the Italian regions of <a href="/wiki/Trentino-South_Tyrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino-South Tyrol">Trentino-South Tyrol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> to the east and south.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Wirren" title="Bündner Wirren">Bündner Wirren</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geschichte_Graubuenden.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Geschichte_Graubuenden.png/220px-Geschichte_Graubuenden.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Geschichte_Graubuenden.png/330px-Geschichte_Graubuenden.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Geschichte_Graubuenden.png/440px-Geschichte_Graubuenden.png 2x" data-file-width="3873" data-file-height="3624" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a> and surrounding lands</figcaption></figure> <p>The deep Alpine valleys of the present-day Grisons were originally settled by the <a href="/wiki/Raeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Raeti">Raetians</a> (<i>Rhaeti</i>). In Chur, archaeological evidence of settlement goes back as far as the <a href="/wiki/Pfyn_culture" title="Pfyn culture">Pfyn culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-HDS_Chur_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_Chur-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (3900–3500 BC),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the capital city of the Grisons one of the oldest settlements in Switzerland. </p><p>Most of the lands of the canton were once part of a Roman province called <i>Raetia</i>, which was established in 15 BC. The current capital of the Grisons, <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, was known as Curia in Roman times. The area later was part of the lands of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Chur" title="Bishop of Chur">diocese of Chur</a>. </p><p>In 1367 the <a href="/wiki/League_of_God%27s_House" title="League of God's House">League of God's House</a> (<i>Cadi</i>, <i>Gottes Haus</i>, <i>Ca' di Dio</i>) was founded to resist the rising power of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Chur" title="Bishop of Chur">Bishop of Chur</a>. This was followed by the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Grey_League" title="Grey League">Grey League</a> (<i>Grauer Bund</i>), sometimes called <i>Oberbund</i>, in 1395 in the Upper Rhine valley. The name <i>Grey League</i> is derived from the homespun grey clothes worn by the people and was used exclusively after 16 March 1424.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of this league later gave its name to the canton of the Grisons. A third league was established in 1436 by the people of ten <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">bailiwicks</a> in the former <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Toggenburg" title="Counts of Toggenburg">Toggenburg countship</a>, as the dynasty of Toggenburg had become extinct. The league was called <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Ten_Jurisdictions" title="League of the Ten Jurisdictions">League of the Ten Jurisdictions</a> (<i>Zehngerichtebund</i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg/170px-Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg/255px-Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg/340px-Dreib%C3%BCndenstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Dreibündenstein monument, marking the former tripoint of the Three Leagues</figcaption></figure> <p>The first step towards the canton of the Grisons was when the league of the Ten Jurisdictions allied with the League of God's House in 1450. In 1471 the two leagues allied with the Grey League. In 1497 and 1498 the Leagues<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allied with the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> acquired the possessions of the extinct Toggenburg dynasty in 1496,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> siding with the Confederacy in the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a> three years later. The Habsburgs were defeated at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calven" title="Battle of Calven">Calven Gorge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dornach" title="Battle of Dornach">Dornach</a>, helping the Swiss Confederation and the allied leagues of the canton of the Grisons to be recognised. However the <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a> remained a loose association until the <i>Bundesbrief</i> of 23 September 1524.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last traces of the Bishop of Chur's jurisdiction were abolished in 1526. The <a href="/wiki/Musso_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Musso war">Musso war</a> of 1520 drove the Three Leagues closer to the Swiss Confederacy. </p><p>Between 1618 and 1639 it became a battleground between competing factions during the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Wirren" title="Bündner Wirren">Bündner Wirren</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> party was supported by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic</a> party was supported by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> in Spain and Austria. Each side sought to gain control of the Grisons to gain control over the important <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">alpine</a> passes. In 1618, the young radical <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Jenatsch" title="Jörg Jenatsch">Jörg Jenatsch</a> became a member of the court of 'clerical overseers' and a leader of the anti-Habsburg faction. He supervised the torture to death of the arch-priest <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Rusca" title="Nicolò Rusca">Nicolò Rusca</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sondrio" title="Sondrio">Sondrio</a>. In response, Giacomo Robustelli of the pro-Catholic Planta family, raised an army of rebels in the <a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a>. On the evening of 18/19 July 1620, a force of Valtellina rebels supported by Austrian and Italian troops marched into <a href="/wiki/Tirano" title="Tirano">Tirano</a> and began killing Protestants. When they finished in Tirano, they marched to <a href="/wiki/Teglio" title="Teglio">Teglio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sondrio" title="Sondrio">Sondrio</a> and further down the valley killing every Protestant that they found. Between 500<sup id="cite_ref-History_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 600<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_Valtellina_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_Valtellina-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people were killed on that night and in the following four days. The attack drove nearly all the Protestants out of the valley, prevented further Protestant incursions and took the Valtellina out of the Three Leagues. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Jenatsch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Georg_Jenatsch.jpg/170px-Georg_Jenatsch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Georg_Jenatsch.jpg/255px-Georg_Jenatsch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Georg_Jenatsch.jpg/340px-Georg_Jenatsch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Jenatsch" title="Jörg Jenatsch">Jörg Jenatsch</a> was a major and divisive figure during the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Wirren" title="Bündner Wirren">Bündner Wirren</a> (1618–1639).</figcaption></figure> <p>In response, in February 1621, Jenatsch led a force of anti-Habsburg troops to attack <a href="/wiki/Rietberg_Castle" title="Rietberg Castle">Rietberg Castle</a>, the home of a leader of the pro-Catholic faction, Pompeius Planta.<sup id="cite_ref-Religious_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religious-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They surprised Planta and according to legend he was killed by Jörg Jenatsch with an axe.<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murder of Planta encouraged the Protestant faction and they assembled a poorly led and disorganized army to retake the Valtellina and other subject lands. However, the army fell apart before they could attack a single Catholic town.<sup id="cite_ref-Religious_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religious-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Protestant invasion provided the Spanish and Austrians with an excuse to invade the Leagues. By the end of October, Spain and Austria had occupied all of the Grisons. The resulting peace treaty of January 1622, forced Grisons to cede the <a href="/wiki/Val_M%C3%BCstair" title="Val Müstair">Müstair</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Engadine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Engadine">Lower Engadine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A4ttigau" title="Prättigau">Prättigau</a> valleys.<sup id="cite_ref-History_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty also forbade the Protestant religion in these valleys. In response, in 1622, the Prättigau valley rebelled against the Austrians and drove them out of the valley. The Austrians invaded the valley twice more, attempting to reimpose the Catholic faith, in 1623–1624 and 1629–1631.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_BW_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_BW-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1623 the Leagues entered into an alliance with France, Savoy and Venice. Jürg Jenatsch and Ulysses von Salis used French money to hire an 8,000-man mercenary army and drive out the Austrians. The peace treaty of Monzon (5 March 1626) between France and Spain, confirmed the political and religious independence of the Valtellina. In 1627 the French withdrew from the Valtellina valley, which was then occupied by Papal troops. Starting in 1631 the League, under the French Duke Henri de Rohan, started to expel the Spaniards. However, Richelieu still did not want to hand the valley over to its residents. When it became clear that the French intended to remain permanently in the Leagues, but would not force the Valtellina to convert to Protestantism, Jürg Jenatsch (now a mercenary leader) converted in 1635 to the Catholic faith. In 1637, he rebelled and allied with Austria and Spain. His rebellion along with the rebellion of 31 other League officers forced the French to withdraw without a fight.<sup id="cite_ref-History_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HDS_BW_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_BW-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 January 1639, Jürg Jenatsch was killed during <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> by an unknown attacker who was dressed as a bear. The attacker may have been a son of Pompeius Planta<sup id="cite_ref-History_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or an assassin hired by the local aristocracy.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_BW_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_BW-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend he was killed by the same axe that he used on Pompeius Planta.<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 September 1639 the Leagues agreed with Spain to bring the Valtellina back under League sovereignty, but with the promise to respect the free exercise of the Catholic faith. Treaties with Austria in 1649 and 1652, brought the Müstair and Lower Engadine valleys back under the authority of the Three Leagues.<sup id="cite_ref-History_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1798, the lands of the canton of the Grisons became part of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">canton of Raetia</a> except <a href="/wiki/Valtellina" title="Valtellina">Valtellina</a>, which was separated in 1797 for joining the <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a>. It was later part of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire of Austria">Empire of Austria</a> in 1814 before joining the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1859. With the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a> the "perpetual ally" of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> became a canton in 1803. The constitution of the canton dates from 1892. In the following century, there have been about 30 changes made to the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arms of the three original leagues were combined into the modern <a href="/wiki/Cantonal_coat_of_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonal coat of arms">cantonal coat of arms</a> in 1933. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chur_Grossratsgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chur_Grossratsgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/220px-Chur_Grossratsgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chur_Grossratsgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/330px-Chur_Grossratsgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chur_Grossratsgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/440px-Chur_Grossratsgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3057" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption>Grand Council building in Chur</figcaption></figure> <p>The Grand Council (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Grosser Rat</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Gran Consiglio</i>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Cussegl Grond</i>), the legislature of the canton, sits in Chur, the cantonal capital. Its 120 members, elected in 39 districts using a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality voting system">majority system</a>, are in office for four years. The last district elections were in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cantonal government, exercising executive authority, is made up of five members, elected by the people for a term of four years and <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">limited</a> to three terms using a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality voting system">majority system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution of the Grisons, last revised on 14 September 2003, states in its <a href="/wiki/Preamble" title="Preamble">preamble</a> that the canton's purpose is to "safeguard freedom, peace, and human dignity, ensure democracy and the <a href="/wiki/Rechtsstaat" title="Rechtsstaat">Rechtsstaat</a>, promote prosperity and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and preserving a sane environment for the future generations, with the intention of promoting <a href="/wiki/Trilingualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilingualism">trilingualism</a> and cultural variety and conserving them as part of our historical heritage".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution allows for the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of foreigners to vote">enfranchisement of foreign residents</a> at a municipal level, at discretion of the local governments. In 2009, the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Bregaglia" title="Bregaglia">Bregaglia</a> became the first in the canton to make use of this provision, granting voting rights to foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_election_results">Federal election results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="15">Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971–2015<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th class="unsortable">Ideology</th> <th>1971</th> <th>1975</th> <th>1979</th> <th>1983</th> <th>1987</th> <th>1991</th> <th>1995</th> <th>1999</th> <th>2003</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2015 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP.The Liberals</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">a</a></sup> </th> <td style="background-color:#0E52A0; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></td> <td>14.8</td> <td>18.1</td> <td>22.9</td> <td>20.1</td> <td>18.3</td> <td>18.1</td> <td>16.5</td> <td>15.1</td> <td>15.8</td> <td>19.1</td> <td>11.9</td> <td>13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#EF7D00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></td> <td>37.3</td> <td>35.9</td> <td>35.5</td> <td>33.3</td> <td>28.5</td> <td>25.6</td> <td>26.9</td> <td>25.6</td> <td>23.7</td> <td>20.3</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>16.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#E4002B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></td> <td>13.9</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>20.5</td> <td>24.6</td> <td>19.5</td> <td>21.2</td> <td>21.6</td> <td>26.6</td> <td>24.9</td> <td>23.7</td> <td>15.6</td> <td>17.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP/UDC</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#009F4F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></td> <td>34.0</td> <td>26.9</td> <td>21.1</td> <td>22.0</td> <td>20.0</td> <td>19.5</td> <td>26.9</td> <td>27.0</td> <td>33.8</td> <td>34.7</td> <td>24.5</td> <td>29.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independents" title="Alliance of Independents">Ring of Independents</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#019c3e"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></td> <td>* <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_b"><a href="#endnote_b">b</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>1.1</td> <td>*</td> <td style="background: #EEE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-noAttempt"><i>disbanded</i></td> <td style="background: #EEE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-noAttempt"><i>disbanded</i></td> <td style="background: #EEE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-noAttempt"><i>disbanded</i></td> <td style="background: #EEE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-noAttempt"><i>disbanded</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Switzerland)" title="Christian Social Party (Switzerland)">CSP/PCS</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#0F95A7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>6.9</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">GLP/PVL</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#b4dc00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>8.3</td> <td>7.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland">BDP/PBD</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FBD918; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>20.5</td> <td>14.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">GPS/PES</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#84B414; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>3.5</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th>FGA </th> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Feminist</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>6.0</td> <td>4.3</td> <td>1.9</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Democrats" title="Swiss Democrats">SD/DS</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#CD5B45; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Swiss nationalism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>3.5</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Federal_Democratic_Union_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland">EDU/UDF</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#C71585; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>1.9</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>*</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>7.7</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>5.8</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voter participation %</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>56.7</th> <th>49.6</th> <th>45.9</th> <th>39.9</th> <th>39.5</th> <th>37.9</th> <th>36.7</th> <th>40.6</th> <th>39.1</th> <th>41.9</th> <th>45.1</th> <th>46.0 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^a</a></b></span> FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_b"><b><a href="#ref_b">^b</a></b></span> "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_subdivisions">Political subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>as of January 2017<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albula_Region" title="Albula Region">Albula</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Tiefencastel" title="Tiefencastel">Tiefencastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernina_Region" title="Bernina Region">Bernina</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Poschiavo" title="Poschiavo">Poschiavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engiadina_Bassa/Val_M%C3%BCstair_Region" title="Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region">Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Scuol" title="Scuol">Scuol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imboden_Region" title="Imboden Region">Imboden</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Domat/Ems" title="Domat/Ems">Domat/Ems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landquart_Region" title="Landquart Region">Landquart</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Igis" title="Igis">Igis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloja_Region" title="Maloja Region">Maloja</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Samedan" title="Samedan">Samedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesa_Region" title="Moesa Region">Moesa</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Roveredo" title="Roveredo">Roveredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessur_Region" title="Plessur Region">Plessur</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A4ttigau/Davos_Region" title="Prättigau/Davos Region">Prättigau/Davos</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surselva_Region" title="Surselva Region">Surselva</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Ilanz" title="Ilanz">Ilanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viamala_Region" title="Viamala Region">Viamala Region</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Thusis" title="Thusis">Thusis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipalities">Municipalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 114 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Municipalities of the canton of Graubünden">municipalities in the canton</a> (as of January 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chur_(Switzerland).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Chur_%28Switzerland%29.jpg/220px-Chur_%28Switzerland%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Chur_%28Switzerland%29.jpg/330px-Chur_%28Switzerland%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Chur_%28Switzerland%29.jpg/440px-Chur_%28Switzerland%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2665" /></a><figcaption>View of Chur, at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Calanda_(mountain)" title="Calanda (mountain)">Calanda</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The inhabitants of the Grisons are called <i>Bündner</i> or (rarely) Grisonians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 200,096.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_GR_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_GR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population included 28,008 foreigners, or about 14.84% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main religions are <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. Both are well represented in the canton, with Roman Catholics forming a slight plurality (47% Catholic to 41% Protestant).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh language</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Grisons" title="Italian Grisons">Italian Grisons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprachen_GR_2000.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sprachen_GR_2000.png/220px-Sprachen_GR_2000.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sprachen_GR_2000.png/330px-Sprachen_GR_2000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sprachen_GR_2000.png/440px-Sprachen_GR_2000.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption>Geographical distribution of languages in the Grisons as of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit">[update]</a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romansh_language_spread.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Romansh_language_spread.svg/220px-Romansh_language_spread.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Romansh_language_spread.svg/330px-Romansh_language_spread.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Romansh_language_spread.svg/440px-Romansh_language_spread.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Original areas where was spoken the Romansh language since the Middle Ages</figcaption></figure> <p>The Grisons is the only canton of Switzerland with three official languages: <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (74.7%), <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a> (13.9%), and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (13.9%) with the remaining 13% speaking another language natively.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Languages in the Grisons 1803–2020<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Romansh (%) </th> <th>German (%) </th> <th>Italian (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1803 </td> <td>73,200<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>36,700 (~<b>50%</b>) </td> <td>26,500 (~36%) </td> <td>10,000 (~14%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1850 </td> <td>89,895 </td> <td>42,439 (47.2%) </td> <td>35,509 (39.5%) </td> <td>11,956 (13.3%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1880 </td> <td>93,864 </td> <td>37,794 (39.8%) </td> <td>43,664 (46.0%) </td> <td>12,976 (13.7%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900 </td> <td>104,520 </td> <td>36,472 (34.9%) </td> <td>48,762 (46.7%) </td> <td>17,539 (16.8%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920 </td> <td>119,854 </td> <td>39,127 (32.7%) </td> <td>61,379 (51.2%) </td> <td>17,674 (14.8%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941 </td> <td>128,247 </td> <td>40,187 (31.3%) </td> <td>70,421 (54.9%) </td> <td>16,438 (12.8%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td>137,100 </td> <td>40,109 (29.3%) </td> <td>77,096 (56.2%) </td> <td>18,079 (13.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td>147,458 </td> <td>38,414 (26.1%) </td> <td>83,544 (56.7%) </td> <td>23,682 (16.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td>162,086 </td> <td>37,878 (23.4%) </td> <td>93,359 (57.6%) </td> <td>25,575 (15.8%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>164,641 </td> <td>36,017 (21.9%) </td> <td>98,645 (59.9%) </td> <td>22,199 (13.5%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>187,058 </td> <td>27,038 (14.5%) </td> <td>127,755 (68.3%) </td> <td>19,106 (10.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>191,612 </td> <td>27,955 (15.2%) </td> <td>143,015 (74.6%) </td> <td>23,506 (12.0%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>193,662 </td> <td>29,826 (15.4%) </td> <td>142,378 (73.5%) </td> <td>25,033 (12.9%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>200,096 </td> <td>27,813 (13.9%) </td> <td>149,471 (74.7%) </td> <td>27,813 (13.9%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>More speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh language</a> live in the Grisons than in any other canton, although it has become a minority language there. Since the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> the Romansh language has greatly reduced (by more than half the original territory, that included <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> and sections of western <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>) the area where it is spoken by the majority of the population. </p><p>Romansh consists of five dialect groups, each with its own written language: <a href="/wiki/Sursilvan" title="Sursilvan">Sursilvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallader" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallader">Vallader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puter" class="mw-redirect" title="Puter">Puter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surmiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Surmiran">Surmiran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutsilvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutsilvan">Sutsilvan</a>. There also exists a common written language called <a href="/wiki/Rumantsch_Grischun" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumantsch Grischun">Rumantsch Grischun</a>. Romansh has been recognized as one of four "national languages" by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Swiss Federal Constitution</a> since 1938. It was declared an "official language" of the Confederation in 1996, meaning that Romansh speakers may use Romansh for correspondence with the federal government and expect to receive a response in Rumantsch Grischun. Romansh has official language status at the canton level. Municipalities in turn are free to specify their own official languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skiing_in_the_Grisons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Skiing_in_the_Grisons.jpg/220px-Skiing_in_the_Grisons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Skiing_in_the_Grisons.jpg/330px-Skiing_in_the_Grisons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Skiing_in_the_Grisons.jpg/440px-Skiing_in_the_Grisons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4588" data-file-height="3065" /></a><figcaption>Skiers above <a href="/wiki/Lenzerheide" title="Lenzerheide">Lenzerheide</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Agriculture is still essential to keep remote valleys inhabited and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_landscape" title="Cultural landscape">cultivated</a>, differing it from sheer <a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">wilderness</a>. Agriculture is therefore supported by subsidies by the authorities both national and regional. Eight per cent of the population work in agriculture and forestry, where 50 per cent of the production is certified as organic. Agriculture includes forests and <a href="/wiki/Alpine_transhumance" title="Alpine transhumance">mountain pasturage</a> in summer, particularly of cows, sheep and goats.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since wolf and bear have returned, the use of <a href="/wiki/Maremma_Sheepdog" class="mw-redirect" title="Maremma Sheepdog">Maremma Sheepdogs</a> is not unusual.<sup id="cite_ref-engadin_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engadin-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although mountain pastures are predominant, there is also wine production in the Rhine Valley, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A4sch" title="Fläsch">Fläsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maienfeld" title="Maienfeld">Maienfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenins" title="Jenins">Jenins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malans,_Switzerland" title="Malans, Switzerland">Malans</a>. This area is referred to as the Bündner Herschaft. In the southern valleys of <a href="/wiki/Mesolcina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolcina">Mesolcina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Val_Poschiavo" title="Val Poschiavo">Val Poschiavo</a> there is corn (<a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_production_in_Switzerland" title="Chestnut production in Switzerland">chestnut farming</a>, allowed by the milder climate. In the Mesolcina, <a href="/wiki/Olive_production_in_Switzerland" title="Olive production in Switzerland">olive trees are also grown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mesolcina_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mesolcina-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>24 per cent of the workforce are employed in industry whereas 68 per cent work in the service industry. The most industrialized region is naturally that of Chur. <a href="/wiki/Ems-Chemie" title="Ems-Chemie">Ems-Chemie</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Domat/Ems" title="Domat/Ems">Domat/Ems</a> and is a major employer in the area. </p><p>The tourism industry is a major player and reaches a remarkable 14 per cent of the GDP. Tourism is concentrated around the towns of <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klosters" title="Klosters">Klosters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenzerheide" title="Lenzerheide">Lenzerheide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arosa" title="Arosa">Arosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flims" title="Flims">Flims</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pontresina" title="Pontresina">Pontresina</a>, which have large ski areas. There are, however, a great number of other tourist resorts in the canton, divided by the official tourist board for winter sports for example into categories "Top - Large - Small and beautiful".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Moritz is one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Winter_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter sport">winter sport</a> resorts, being popular in winter since 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Davos also saw its first tourists in winter.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Moritz hosted the <a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928 Winter Olympics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 Winter Olympics</a>. Summer tourism is also an important source of revenue. Trekking, mountaineering, and mountain biking are some of the main activities. Business tourism is also a source of revenue, notably in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> meetings are traditionally organised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albulapass_In_Switzerland_(110510259).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Albulapass_In_Switzerland_%28110510259%29.jpeg/170px-Albulapass_In_Switzerland_%28110510259%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Albulapass_In_Switzerland_%28110510259%29.jpeg/255px-Albulapass_In_Switzerland_%28110510259%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Albulapass_In_Switzerland_%28110510259%29.jpeg/340px-Albulapass_In_Switzerland_%28110510259%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Express" title="Glacier Express">Glacier Express</a> climbing the <a href="/wiki/Albula_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Albula Railway">Albula Railway</a>. Winding mountain roads and railways have become an integral part of the landscape.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the canton extends on both sides of the great Alpine barrier, many important mountain passes are found there, particularly on the north-south axis. Transport has always been an important issue in the area; cart tracks from the Roman era were found on <a href="/wiki/Julier_Pass" title="Julier Pass">Julier Pass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Septimer_Pass" title="Septimer Pass">Septimer Pass</a> was rebuilt for cart use in 1387 and, although it later became unimportant, it is still in its 1800 form (for hikers only). <a href="/wiki/Corniche" title="Corniche">Corniche</a> paths were necessary for long stretches, and gorges such as the <a href="/wiki/Viamala" title="Viamala">Viamala</a> gave construction problems for any kind of transport. The first real roads of 3.7 m (4 yd) width were built across the Alps from around 1816, one of which is still in a very good historical condition<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as this connection across <a href="/wiki/Spl%C3%BCgen_Pass" title="Splügen Pass">Splügen Pass</a> lost its importance after the opening of rail tunnels crossing the alps. The last valley to be connected to the road system in the Grisons was <a href="/wiki/Avers" title="Avers">Avers</a>, whose remote hamlet of <a href="/wiki/Juf" title="Juf">Juf</a> was only reached in 1897. After the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Post" title="Swiss Post">Swiss Post</a> expanded their <a href="/wiki/PostBus_Switzerland" title="PostBus Switzerland">Postal Bus</a> transport services, the region's inhabitants became more used to motorized traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, there were already 250 vehicles in service.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the inhabitants of the Grisons gave up their resistance against individual motor traffic in 1926,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967 opened <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Pass" title="San Bernardino Pass">San Bernardino road tunnel</a>, built to host tourism traffic, is used also by heavy goods vehicles nowadays although not really suitable for them because of its ascent gradients. Most other passes have lost their importance for goods transport nowadays. </p><p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, the Grisons does not benefit from major railway axes across the Alps such as the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lötschberg Railway">Lötschberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotthard Railway">Gotthard</a>. As a consequence, the only standard gauge railway in the canton is that of the Rhine Valley, ending at <a href="/wiki/Chur_railway_station" title="Chur railway station">Chur station</a>. Conversely, the latter has become a major railway station and a transport hub of the canton since the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a>, which links most regions of the canton from the Rhine Valley. </p><p>Huge efforts ensure public transport to (nearly) every settlement by an integrated timetable of different transport companies. Even Juf, inhabited by some 30 people only but holding a <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Switzerland">European record</a>, is reached five times a day by public transport. The two main transport companies are <a href="/wiki/PostBus_Switzerland" title="PostBus Switzerland">PostBus</a>, the national post bus company, and the Rhaetian Railway, essentially owned by the cantonal government. The latter uses the largest narrow-gauge railway network in Switzerland and serves most regions of the canton, with branches towards Central Switzerland and Italy. This network is notably travelled by two of the longest distance trains of Switzerland: the <a href="/wiki/Glacier_Express" title="Glacier Express">Glacier Express</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Express" title="Bernina Express">Bernina Express</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss Federal Railways</a> extend only a few kilometres into the canton, from Maienfeld, and serve essentially <a href="/wiki/Landquart_railway_station" title="Landquart railway station">Landquart</a> and Chur, where passengers transfer to the Rhaetian Railway and a large number of PostBus routes. The <a href="/wiki/Albula_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Albula Line">Albula Line</a> became a UNESCO world heritage as did the <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernina Railway">Bernina Railway</a>, the highest and only railway to cross the Alps without the use of a tunnel at the pass. In winter some of the road passes are closed <sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas several high mountain passes such as the <a href="/wiki/Julier_Pass" title="Julier Pass">Julier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Pass" title="Bernina Pass">Bernina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lukmanier_Pass" title="Lukmanier Pass">Lukmanier</a> are kept open all winter (subject to restrictions). Being the highest elevated state in Switzerland, the Grisons hosts huge alpine areas that are not accessible by any means of transport but have to be walked to.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large number of cable transport facilities provide easy access to some of the mountains of the Grisons, the highest being on <a href="/wiki/Piz_Corvatsch" title="Piz Corvatsch">Piz Corvatsch</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Engadin" title="Engadin">Engadin</a> valley has its own airport, <a href="/wiki/Samedan_Airport" title="Samedan Airport">Samedan Airport</a>. It is the highest airport in Switzerland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_property_of_national_significance_in_Switzerland:_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Graubünden">List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Graubünden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engadinerhaus_und_h%C3%B6lzener_Brunnen_in_Guarda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Engadinerhaus_und_h%C3%B6lzener_Brunnen_in_Guarda.jpg/220px-Engadinerhaus_und_h%C3%B6lzener_Brunnen_in_Guarda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Engadinerhaus_und_h%C3%B6lzener_Brunnen_in_Guarda.jpg/330px-Engadinerhaus_und_h%C3%B6lzener_Brunnen_in_Guarda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Engadinerhaus_und_h%C3%B6lzener_Brunnen_in_Guarda.jpg/440px-Engadinerhaus_und_h%C3%B6lzener_Brunnen_in_Guarda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Painted houses in <a href="/wiki/Guarda,_Switzerland" title="Guarda, Switzerland">Guarda</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Grisons is culturally the most diverse region of Switzerland. Its common denominator, however, is a strong mountain culture marked by life in isolated rural communities, notably depicted in <a href="/wiki/Johanna_Spyri" title="Johanna Spyri">Johanna Spyri</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Heidi" title="Heidi">Heidi</a>. Traditional customs include <a href="/wiki/Alpine_transhumance" title="Alpine transhumance">Alpine transhumance</a> in spring and autumn, and the <a href="/wiki/Chalandamarz" title="Chalandamarz">Chalandamarz</a> at the end of winter. </p><p>The canton has a large concentration of medieval castles (and ruins). The most notable, in the Engadin, is that of <a href="/wiki/Tarasp_Castle" title="Tarasp Castle">Tarasp</a>, guarding the Inn valley. Many ruins and castles are found in the <a href="/wiki/Hinterrhein_District" title="Hinterrhein District">Domleschg</a> area. Close by lies the church of <a href="/wiki/Zillis" class="mw-redirect" title="Zillis">Zillis</a>, where 1130/40 a famous romanesque illustrated ceiling was added which is now treated as national heritage. Three <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> are located in the canton: the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Convent_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine Convent of Saint John">Benedictine Convent of Saint John</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Glarus_thrust" title="Glarus thrust">Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Albula_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Albula Railway">Albula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernina_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernina Railway">Bernina</a> Landscapes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maluns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Maluns.jpg/220px-Maluns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Maluns.jpg/330px-Maluns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Maluns.jpg/440px-Maluns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A dish of <a href="/wiki/Maluns" title="Maluns">Maluns</a> accompanied by various products of the Grisons</figcaption></figure> <p>The gastronomy of the Grisons is mostly known for a dried-beef delicacy called <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnerfleisch" title="Bündnerfleisch">Bündnerfleisch</a>, often simply referred to as Grisons Meat. Other meat specialities include dried sausages (especially <a href="/wiki/Salsiz" title="Salsiz">Salsiz</a>, made of various meats), speck and ham. Cheeses produced in the Grisons are also numerous. Among notable dishes are the <a href="/wiki/Capuns" title="Capuns">Capuns</a>, predominantly made in the western part of the Grisons.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capuns consist of hearty dumplings with pieces of meat wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Chard" title="Chard">chard</a> leaves, then gratinated in oven with cheese and cream. The <a href="/wiki/Maluns" title="Maluns">Maluns</a> are another well-known dish of the Grisons. They are made of boiled potatoes mixed with flour, then fried in butter. Maluns are typically served with a compote of apples and various other local products such as cheeses and meat specialities.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pizzoccheri" title="Pizzoccheri">Pizzoccheri</a> are another dish, essentially eaten in the valley of <a href="/wiki/Poschiavo" title="Poschiavo">Poschiavo</a>. They consist of buckwheat noodles, cooked with potatoes, vegetables and cheese.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emblematic dessert of the Grisons is the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Nusstorte" title="Bündner Nusstorte">Bündner Nusstorte</a>. It is essentially a shortcrust pastry filled with a mix of caramelized walnuts and honey. Another similar pastry, but containing chestnuts instead, the Torta di Castagne, is made in the southern valleys, especially in the Val Bregaglia.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wines are essentially produced in the Bündner Herrschaft. In the vineyards between Fläsch and Malans, 42 types of vines are found, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_Noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinot Noir">Pinot Noir</a> being the most popular.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wines are also naturally produced in the southern valleys but in smaller quantities. The valley of the <a href="/wiki/Mesolcina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolcina">Mesolcina</a> is contiguous with the <a href="/wiki/Ticino_(wine_region)" title="Ticino (wine region)">Ticino wine region</a> and that of Poschiavo is contiguous with the <a href="/wiki/Valtellina_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valtellina (wine)">Valtellina wine region</a>. Numerous breweries can be found in the canton as well. The largest, located at Chur, is <a href="/wiki/Calanda_Br%C3%A4u" title="Calanda Bräu">Calanda Bräu</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevisiun_Svizra_Rumantscha" title="Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha">Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha</a> is the Romansh-speaking division of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">Swiss Broadcasting Corporation</a> and focuses on the Grisons. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_S%C3%BCdostschweiz" title="Die Südostschweiz">Die Südostschweiz</a></i> (in German) and <i><a href="/wiki/La_Quotidiana" title="La Quotidiana">La Quotidiana</a></i> (Romansh) are some of the most important written media of the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nature">Nature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Grisons successfully reintroduced <a href="/wiki/Ibex" title="Ibex">ibex</a> in the early 20th century after it had all but died out from the Alps, except for an area in the Aosta Valley in Italy, Parco Nazionale Gran Paradiso.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, it reintroduced the <a href="/wiki/Bearded_vulture" title="Bearded vulture">bearded vulture</a> and lynx in the 21st century, which had been extinguished, though the <a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">lynx</a> remains rare.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/28px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/56px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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.reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Names include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">(Kanton) Graubünden</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ɡraʊˈbʏndn̩]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/De-Graubuenden.ogg\/De-Graubuenden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Graubuenden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/De-Graubuenden.ogg/De-Graubuenden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Graubuenden.ogg" title="File:De-Graubuenden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sursilvan" title="Sursilvan">Sursilvan</a>: <i lang="rm">(Cantun) Grischun</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[ɡʁiˈʒun]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2c\/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg\/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg" title="File:Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallader" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallader">Vallader</a>: <i lang="rm">(Chantun) Grischun</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[ɡriˈʒun]</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puter" class="mw-redirect" title="Puter">Puter</a>: <i lang="rm">(Chantun) Grischun</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[ɡriˈʒum]</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surmiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Surmiran">Surmiran</a>: <i lang="rm">(Cantun) Grischun</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[ɡriˈʒun]</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutsilvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutsilvan">Sutsilvan</a>: <i lang="rm">(Cantùn) Grischùn</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[ɡriˈʒuŋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡriˈʒeu̯ŋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡriˈʒœŋ]</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumantsch_Grischun" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumantsch Grischun">Rumantsch Grischun</a>: <i lang="rm">(Chantun) Grischun</i>;</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">(Cantone dei) Grigioni</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ɡriˈdʒoːni]</a></span>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a>: <i lang="lmo">(Cantón) Griṡón</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lmo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">[ɡriˈzoŋ]</a></span>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">(Canton des) Grisons</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡʁizɔ̃]</a></span>.</li></ul> See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_regions_with_alternative_names#G" title="List of European regions with alternative names">other names</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/Kantone.assetdetail.1420913.html">Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen</a> accessed 27 October 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2020_GR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_GR_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_GR_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_GR_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistik2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/15304856">"Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle"</a>. <i>Bundesamt für Statistik</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik&rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt+%28BIP%29+nach+Grossregion+und+Kanton+-+2008-2018+%7C+Tabelle&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.aulast=Statistik&rft.aufirst=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fasset%2Fde%2F15304856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). "Grisons". <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Grisons&rft.pages=216&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gr.ch/EN/Seiten/welcome.aspx">"Welcome Bainvegni Benvenuti"</a>. <i>Kanton Graubünden Chantun Grischun Cantone dei Grigioni</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kanton+Graub%C3%BCnden+Chantun+Grischun+Cantone+dei+Grigioni&rft.atitle=Welcome+Bainvegni+Benvenuti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gr.ch%2FEN%2FSeiten%2Fwelcome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benjamin R. Barber, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EU99BgAAQBAJ">The Death of Communal Liberty: A History of Freedom in a Swiss Mountain Canton</a></i>, p. 13, Princeton University Press, 8 March 2015. ("Graubünden, in fact, has often been dubbed <i>die kleine Schweiz</i> (little Switzerland).")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julia Nourney, Tom Wyss. "Graubünden", <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lSJ4DwAAQBAJ">Whisky Trails Schweiz: Ein Reisehandbuch</a></i>, Reiseratte, 2015. ("Kulinarisch ist Graubünden, das auch gern als die «kleine Schweiz in der Schweiz» bezeichnet wird, etwas ganz Besonderes.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gr.ch/EN/grisons/Seiten/Ueberblick.aspx">"Survey of the Grisons"</a>. <i>Kanton Graubünden Chantun Grischun Cantone dei Grigioni</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kanton+Graub%C3%BCnden+Chantun+Grischun+Cantone+dei+Grigioni&rft.atitle=Survey+of+the+Grisons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gr.ch%2FEN%2Fgrisons%2FSeiten%2FUeberblick.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanton_Graubünden2012" class="citation web cs1">Kanton Graubünden (11 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJfn4lVR1m0">"Grisons the movie"</a>. <i>YouTube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Grisons+the+movie&rft.date=2012-12-11&rft.au=Kanton+Graub%C3%BCnden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZJfn4lVR1m0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swisstopo-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swisstopo_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s.geo.admin.ch/8f3e067194">Topographic map of the Grisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swisstopo" title="Swisstopo">Swisstopo</a>. Retrieved 8 March 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/en/home.detail.news.html/swisstopo-internet/news2019/didyouknow/20190930.html">Summits of Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_of_Topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Office of Topography">Federal Office of Topography</a>. Retrieved 9 March 2021 ("Did you know that there are more than 1200 peaks between 2000 and 3000 metres in Graubünden?")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/diem/ajf/fischerei/Seiten/Fischerei_Home.aspx">Fischerei</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713061059/https://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/diem/ajf/fischerei/Seiten/Fischerei_Home.aspx">Archived</a> 13 July 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, gr.ch. Retrieved 7 March 2021. ("Obwohl grosse Seen fehlen, ist Graubünden dennoch reich an stehenden Gewässern. Es gibt insgesamt rund 600 kleinere Seen.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116215227/http://en.graubuenden.ch/home.html?L=2&season=1">"Destinations on official tourism board Graubünden, Switzerland holiday destinations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.graubuenden.ch/home.html?L=2&season=1">the original</a> on 16 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Destinations+on+official+tourism+board+Graub%C3%BCnden%2C+Switzerland+holiday+destinations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.graubuenden.ch%2Fhome.html%3FL%3D2%26season%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mesolcina-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mesolcina_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mesolcina_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsi.ch/rete-uno/programmi/informazione/voci-del-grigioni-italiano/Montagne-e-riscaldamento-globale-4146566.html">Montagne e riscaldamento globale</a>, rsi.ch. Retrieve 7 March 2021. ("Con le temperature più alte si stanno sperimentando le coltivazioni di specie diverse. Ne testimonia quella di ulivi, zafferano e fichi d’India a San Vittore in Mesolcina.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/meteo/meteo-news/gefrierschrank-schweiz-am-kaeltesten-wirds-am-mittwochmorgen">Gefrierschrank Schweiz: Am kältesten wirds am Mittwochmorgen</a>, srf.ch. Retrieved 8 March 2021 ("Absolute Tiefstwerte (homogenisiert): La Brévine/NE: -42.5 °C, Samedan/GR: -37.9 °C")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFS_Graubunden-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFS_Graubunden_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFS_Graubunden_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Department_of_Statistics2008" class="citation web cs1">Federal Department of Statistics (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414212256/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/regionalportraets/graubuenden/blank/kennzahlen.html">"Regional Statistics for Graubünden"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/regionalportraets/graubuenden/blank/kennzahlen.html">the original</a> on 14 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Statistics+for+Graub%C3%BCnden&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Federal+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fregionen%2Fregionalportraets%2Fgraubuenden%2Fblank%2Fkennzahlen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s.geo.admin.ch/8f3e067194">Topographic map of the Grisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swisstopo" title="Swisstopo">Swisstopo</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS_Chur-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDS_Chur_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chur</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D1581.php"><span title="Chur in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F1581.php"><span title="Chur in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I1581.php"><span title="Chur in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schibler, J. 2006. The economy and environment of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in the northern Alpine foreland based on studies of animal bones. Environmental Archaeology 11(1): 49-65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Grauer Bund</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-lir.ch/e-LIR___Lexicon.3364.450.0.html"><span title="Grauer Bund in Romansh">Romansh</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D17158.php"><span title="Grauer Bund in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F17158.php"><span title="Grauer Bund in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I17158.php"><span title="Grauer Bund in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Eidgenossenschaft - Konsolidierung und Erweiterung (1353-1515)</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D26413.php"><span title="Eidgenossenschaft - Konsolidierung und Erweiterung (1353-1515) in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F26413.php"><span title="Eidgenossenschaft - Konsolidierung und Erweiterung (1353-1515) in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I26413.php"><span title="Eidgenossenschaft - Konsolidierung und Erweiterung (1353-1515) in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Graubünden, section 3.1.4 - Landesherrschaft und Widerstand im Norden</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 3.1.4 - Landesherrschaft und Widerstand im Norden in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 3.1.4 - Landesherrschaft und Widerstand im Norden in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 3.1.4 - Landesherrschaft und Widerstand im Norden in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Graubünden, section 3.2.4 - Verfassung und Landesgesetze</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 3.2.4 - Verfassung und Landesgesetze in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 3.2.4 - Verfassung und Landesgesetze in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 3.2.4 - Verfassung und Landesgesetze in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichte-schweiz.ch/reformation.html">Swiss History</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 16 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS_Valtellina-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDS_Valtellina_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Valtellina murders</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D24652.php"><span title="Valtellina murders in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F24652.php"><span title="Valtellina murders in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I24652.php"><span title="Valtellina murders in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religious-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religious_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religious_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gr.kath.ch/ressourcen/download/20080529163237.pdf">Graubünden's religious history</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (PDF; 3.95 MB) <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNA_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNA_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacNamee2012" class="citation news cs1">MacNamee, Terence (17 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140310195440/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/culture/DNA_tests_aim_to_identify_17th_century_figure_.html?cid=32489350">"DNA tests aim to identify 17th century figure"</a>. <i>Swissinfo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/culture/DNA_tests_aim_to_identify_17th_century_figure_.html?cid=32489350">the original</a> on 10 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swissinfo.com&rft.atitle=DNA+tests+aim+to+identify+17th+century+figure&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft.aulast=MacNamee&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fculture%2FDNA_tests_aim_to_identify_17th_century_figure_.html%3Fcid%3D32489350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS_BW-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_BW_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_BW_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_BW_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bündner Wirren</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D28698.php"><span title="Bündner Wirren in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F28698.php"><span title="Bündner Wirren in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I28698.php"><span title="Bündner Wirren in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Graubünden, section 4.2.2-Von 1848 bis heute</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 4.2.2-Von 1848 bis heute in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 4.2.2-Von 1848 bis heute in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7391.php"><span title="Graubünden, section 4.2.2-Von 1848 bis heute in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gr.ch/EN/institutions/parliament/Seiten/Parlament.aspx">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Der Grosse Rat" Parliament of the Canton Grisons"</a>. Portal of the Canton Grisons<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Der+Grosse+Rat%22+Parliament+of+the+Canton+Grisons&rft.pub=Portal+of+the+Canton+Grisons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gr.ch%2FEN%2Finstitutions%2Fparliament%2FSeiten%2FParlament.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603195420/http://www.gr.ch/EN/institutions/government/Seiten/Regierung.aspx">"Government of the Canton Grisons"</a>. Portal of the Canton Grisons. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gr.ch/EN/INSTITUTIONS/GOVERNMENT/Seiten/Regierung.aspx">the original</a> on 3 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+of+the+Canton+Grisons&rft.pub=Portal+of+the+Canton+Grisons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gr.ch%2FEN%2FINSTITUTIONS%2FGOVERNMENT%2FSeiten%2FRegierung.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/131_226/index.html">"Constitution of the canton of Graubünden"</a> (in Italian and German). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+canton+of+Graub%C3%BCnden&rft.pub=Federal+Authorities+of+the+Swiss+Confederation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admin.ch%2Fch%2Fi%2Frs%2F131_226%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/prima_pagina.html?siteSect=105&ty=nd&ref=fb&sid=10708358">"Comune Bregaglia accorda diritto di voto e di eleggibilità a stranieri domiciliati"</a> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">swissinfo</a>. 17 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comune+Bregaglia+accorda+diritto+di+voto+e+di+eleggibilit%C3%A0+a+stranieri+domiciliati&rft.pub=swissinfo&rft.date=2009-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Fita%2Fprima_pagina.html%3FsiteSect%3D105%26ty%3Dnd%26ref%3Dfb%26sid%3D10708358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%)</a> (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">the original</a> on 2 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Nationalratswahlen%3A+St%C3%A4rke+der+Parteien+nach+Kantonen+%28Schweiz+%3D+100%25%29&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F17%2F02%2Fblank%2Fdos%2F09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistik2016" class="citation web cs1">Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/1664150">"Kanton Graubünden: Die 11 Regionen, 2017 (Kantone/Bezirke) | Karte"</a>. <i>Bundesamt für Statistik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik&rft.atitle=Kanton+Graub%C3%BCnden%3A+Die+11+Regionen%2C+2017+%28Kantone%2FBezirke%29+%26%23124%3B+Karte&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Statistik&rft.aufirst=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fasset%2Fde%2F1664150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612012604/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.90142.xls">"Répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse"</a>. Statistique Suisse. 1 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.90142.xls">the original</a> on 12 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+officiel+des+communes+de+Suisse&rft.pub=Statistique+Suisse&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Ffr%2Findex%2Finfothek%2Fnomenklaturen%2Fblank%2Fblank%2Fgem_liste%2F03.Document.90142.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Department_of_Statistics2008" class="citation web cs1">Federal Department of Statistics (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081215033605/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html">"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Microsoft Excel)</span> on 15 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit%2C+Geschlecht+und+Kantonen&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Federal+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F01%2F02%2Fblank%2Fkey%2Fraeumliche_verteilung%2Fkantone__gemeinden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Department_of_Statistics2008" class="citation web cs1">Federal Department of Statistics (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229131401/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html">"Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion, nach Kantonen und Städten"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Microsoft Excel)</span> on 29 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Religion%2C+nach+Kantonen+und+St%C3%A4dten&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Federal+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F01%2F05%2Fblank%2Fkey%2Freligionen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German and Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gr.ch/DE/kanton/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx">Canton of Graubünden Website</a> accessed 8 November 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/statistik/Bevoelkerung/Seiten/Sprache,_Religion.aspx">"Sprache, Religion - 01 Bevölkerung"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sprache%2C+Religion+-+01+Bev%C3%B6lkerung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gr.ch%2FDE%2Finstitutionen%2Fverwaltung%2Fdvs%2Fawt%2Fstatistik%2FBevoelkerung%2FSeiten%2FSprache%2C_Religion.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coray, Renata (2008), <i>Von der Mumma Romontscha zum Retortenbaby Rumantsch Grischun: Rätoromanische Sprachmythen</i> (in tedesco), Chur: Institut für Kulturforschung Graubünden ikg, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-905342-43-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-905342-43-7">978-3-905342-43-7</a>, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Canton Grigioni</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7391.php"><span title="Canton Grigioni in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7391.php"><span title="Canton Grigioni in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7391.php"><span title="Canton Grigioni in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sgvs.ch/papers/sjesBackIssues/1902_PDF/1902-II-2.pdf">"Die ersten Volkszählungen in Graubünden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+ersten+Volksz%C3%A4hlungen+in+Graub%C3%BCnden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgvs.ch%2Fpapers%2FsjesBackIssues%2F1902_PDF%2F1902-II-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/sprachen.html">Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Hauptsprachen und Kanton, 2015</a> accessed 8 November 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-engadin-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-engadin_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer2015" class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mayer, Kurt (3 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daserste.de/information/reportage-dokumentation/erlebnis-erde/sendung/das-engadin-naturwunder-der-alpen-140.html"><i>Das Engadin – Naturwunder der Alpen</i></a> (documentary) (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Das+Engadin+%E2%80%93+Naturwunder+der+Alpen&rft.date=2015-08-03&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daserste.de%2Finformation%2Freportage-dokumentation%2Ferlebnis-erde%2Fsendung%2Fdas-engadin-naturwunder-der-alpen-140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.graubuenden.ch/ski-snowboard/overview.html">Switzerland holidays Graubünden winter</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2019" class="citation news cs1">Potter, Everett (21 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/everettpotter/2019/11/21/st-moritz-the-birthplace-of-winter-sports/?sh=7f796e57330f">"St Moritz, The Birthplace Of Winter Sports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>You can make a strong case that the origins of modern winter sports lie here, starting in the 1860's with hotelier Johannes Badrutt, who welcomed a steady stream of well-heeled British guests to his small Kulm Hotel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=St+Moritz%2C+The+Birthplace+Of+Winter+Sports&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Everett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Feverettpotter%2F2019%2F11%2F21%2Fst-moritz-the-birthplace-of-winter-sports%2F%3Fsh%3D7f796e57330f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Cocking2020" class="citation book cs1">Ben Cocking (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UPqDwAAQBAJ"><i>Travel Journalism and Travel Media: Identities, Places and Imaginings</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137599087" title="Special:BookSources/9781137599087"><bdi>9781137599087</bdi></a>. <q>The launching of the Cook excursions in Britain (1841), the appearance of the first Baedekker guide (1843), the inauguration of a winter "season" in Saint Moritz (1864), the creation of Yellowstone (1877): these were the important markers of its growth path [mass tourism].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travel+Journalism+and+Travel+Media%3A+Identities%2C+Places+and+Imaginings&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781137599087&rft.au=Ben+Cocking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7UPqDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.davos.ch/en/information/portrait-image/storybook/davos-the-pioneer">In step with the times for the past 150 years</a> davos.ch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.graubuenden.ch/hiking-switzerland/trekking/50-via-spluga-thusis-chiavenna.html">Historic route across Alps Splügen Pass hike in Switzerland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706233800/http://en.graubuenden.ch/hiking-switzerland/trekking/50-via-spluga-thusis-chiavenna.html">Archived</a> 6 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y989HQAACAAJ"><i>Heimatbuch Thusis, Viamala</i></a> (in German). Verkehrsverein. 1973. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heimatbuch+Thusis%2C+Viamala&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Verkehrsverein&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY989HQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.graubuenden.ch/facts-figures.html">Facts for Graubünden Switzerland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414160421/http://en.graubuenden.ch/facts-figures.html">Archived</a> 14 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strassen.gr.ch/sites/dokumentation/offen.html">"Graubünden Strasseninfos - Unser Kanton - www.gr.ch"</a>. <i>www.strassen.gr.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.strassen.gr.ch&rft.atitle=Graub%C3%BCnden+Strasseninfos+-+Unser+Kanton+-+www.gr.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strassen.gr.ch%2Fsites%2Fdokumentation%2Foffen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.graubuenden.ch/hiking-switzerland/hiking-trails.html">Hike the alps in Switzerland; Information, Graubünden</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515064604/http://en.graubuenden.ch/hiking-switzerland/hiking-trails.html">Archived</a> 15 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090901172616/http://www.grischuna.ch/Rezepte/CapunsE.html">"Capuns recipe"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grischuna.ch/Rezepte/CapunsE.html">the original</a> on 1 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capuns+recipe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grischuna.ch%2FRezepte%2FCapunsE.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAG2011" class="citation web cs1">AG, Fleischtrocknerei Churwalden (10 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grischuna.ch/en/diet/recipes/maluns-da-lai-en-US/">"Grischuna - Spezialitad dal Grischun"</a>. <i>www.grischuna.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.grischuna.ch&rft.atitle=Grischuna+-+Spezialitad+dal+Grischun&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.aulast=AG&rft.aufirst=Fleischtrocknerei+Churwalden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grischuna.ch%2Fen%2Fdiet%2Frecipes%2Fmaluns-da-lai-en-US%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graubuenden.ch/en/experience-graubunden/culinary-arts/recipe-pizzoccheri-poschiavo">Recipe: Pizzoccheri from Poschiavo</a>, graubuenden.ch. Retrieved 13 March 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roticcio.ch/it/arte-culinaria/dol">"Torta di Casatagna della Val Bregaglia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torta+di+Casatagna+della+Val+Bregaglia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roticcio.ch%2Fit%2Farte-culinaria%2Fdol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graubuenden.ch/en/experience-graubunden/culinary-arts/bundner-herrschaft-small-region-great-wines">Bündner Herrschaft – a small region of great wines</a>, graubuenben.ch. Retrieved 13 March 2021. ("Mild climate, foehn and calcareous soil: Bündner Herrschaft is also wine country, ideal for the cultivation of premium grapes. In the middle of Heidiland, from Fläsch to Malans, you can find 42 types of vines along the Rhine, from which more than 70 companies are pressing a wide range of wines. Especially popular is the complex and refined Pinot Noir.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStüwe,_M.,_Nievergelt,_B.1991" class="citation journal cs1">Stüwe, M., Nievergelt, B. (1991). "Recovery of Alpine ibex from near extinction: the result of effective protection, captive breeding, and reintroductions". <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>. <b>29</b> (1–4): 379–387. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0168-1591%2891%2990262-V">10.1016/0168-1591(91)90262-V</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Alpine+ibex+from+near+extinction%3A+the+result+of+effective+protection%2C+captive+breeding%2C+and+reintroductions&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=379-387&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0168-1591%2891%2990262-V&rft.au=St%C3%BCwe%2C+M.%2C+Nievergelt%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beardedvulture.ch/project/reintroduction">"Reintroduction"</a>. <i>Foundation for the Bearded Vulture www.beardedvulture.ch</i>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foundation+for+the+Bearded+Vulture+www.beardedvulture.ch&rft.atitle=Reintroduction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beardedvulture.ch%2Fproject%2Freintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grisons&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canton of Graubünden"><br />Canton of the Grisons</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gr.ch/EN/Seiten/welcome.aspx">Official Canton website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graubunden.com">Canton of the Grisons Tourism website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJfn4lVR1m0">Short documentary from the cantonal authorities</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606131303/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/gr/key.html">Official Canton of the Grisons statistics website</a></li> <li><i>Grisons</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-lir.ch/e-LIR___Lexicon.1168.450.0.html"><span title="Grisons in Romansh">Romansh</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7391.php"><span title="Grisons in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7391.php"><span title="Grisons in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7391.php"><span title="Grisons in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._B._Coolidge" title="W. A. B. Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grisons"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grisons">"Grisons" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 608–610.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grisons&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=608-610&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrisons" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="471" /></a></span></span> Regions of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grisons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albula_Region" title="Albula Region">Albula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernina_Region" title="Bernina Region">Bernina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engiadina_Bassa/Val_M%C3%BCstair_Region" title="Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region">Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imboden_Region" title="Imboden Region">Imboden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landquart_Region" title="Landquart Region">Landquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloja_Region" title="Maloja Region">Maloja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesa_Region" title="Moesa Region">Moesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessur_Region" title="Plessur Region">Plessur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A4ttigau/Davos_Region" title="Prättigau/Davos Region">Prättigau/Davos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surselva_Region" title="Surselva Region">Surselva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viamala_Region" title="Viamala Region">Viamala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Graubünden" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Municipalities of the canton of Graubünden">Municipalities of the canton of Graubünden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cantons of 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style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and coats of arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Switzerland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland_topics" title="Template talk:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Switzerland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Major topics</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of 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