CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head > <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Teleost Fish Intelligence - Amira Software - Life in Atomic Resolution</title> <meta name="description" content="Teleost fish intelligence and the evolution of brain function through high-resolution imaging and 3D visualization with Amira software" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Unraveling Brain Evolution Through the Study of Teleost Fish Intelligence" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Teleost fish intelligence and the evolution of brain function through high-resolution imaging and 3D visualization with Amira software" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Life in Atomic Resolution" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/thermofisher" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-04-25T13:19:05+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Header_1920x800.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1920" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Alex Ilitchev" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@thermofisher" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@thermofisher" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Alex Ilitchev" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="4 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/","url":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/","name":"Teleost Fish Intelligence - Amira Software - Life in Atomic Resolution","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Header_1920x800.jpg","datePublished":"2024-04-25T13:19:05+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-25T13:19:05+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/#/schema/person/7b14b1ad2e6aaf9f989f5fb345363e39"},"description":"Teleost fish intelligence and the evolution of brain function through high-resolution imaging and 3D visualization with Amira software","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Header_1920x800.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Header_1920x800.jpg","width":1920,"height":800,"caption":"Teleost Fish"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Unraveling Brain Evolution Through the Study of Teleost Fish Intelligence"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/#website","url":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/","name":"Life in Atomic Resolution","description":"Electron and cryo-electron microscopy stories and solutions about the advancement of cellular and structural biology","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/#/schema/person/7b14b1ad2e6aaf9f989f5fb345363e39","name":"Alex Ilitchev","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4b7f1ab8dd85e20f734eb34e834a9195?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4b7f1ab8dd85e20f734eb34e834a9195?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Alex Ilitchev"},"sameAs":["https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/microscopy"],"url":"https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/author/alexilitchev/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.thermofisher.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Life in Atomic Resolution » Feed" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Life in Atomic Resolution » Comments Feed" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Life in Atomic Resolution » Unraveling Brain Evolution Through the Study of Teleost Fish Intelligence Comments Feed" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/feed/" />  <script src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8156647427.js"></script>  <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:373708,hjsv:5}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'//static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script>  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TJ18KZWFVE" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.0'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-TJ18KZWFVE', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-TJ18KZWFVE', {"use_amp_client_id":"true","forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_related-posts-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/related-posts/related-posts.css?ver=20240116' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='accelerating-science-blogs-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/themes/accelerating-science-blogs/style.css?ver=1.2.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_reset_css-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/formreset.min.css?ver=2.8.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_formsmain_css-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/formsmain.min.css?ver=2.8.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_ready_class_css-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/readyclass.min.css?ver=2.8.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_browsers_css-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/browsers.min.css?ver=2.8.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='globals-css' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/themes/accelerating-science-blogs/global-style.css?ver=1.2.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bfa-font-awesome-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/all.css?ver=2.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/related-posts/related-posts.min.js?ver=20240116" id="jetpack_related-posts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-premium/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.2.0" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-TJ18KZWFVE"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/mashshare-google-analytics/assets/js/mashga.min.js?ver=1.0.9" id="mashga-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.4" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/backbone.min.js?ver=1.5.0" id="backbone-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-api-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WP_API_Settings = {"root":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution","nonce":"8e838958fa"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/wp-search-live/public/assets/js/util--wp-api.js?ver=0.9" id="wp-api-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.8.17" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"4a792b070322e711c2521ee9802c04ea","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"4a792b070322e711c2521ee9802c04ea","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = {"":"1"}; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o):document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("action",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook("action",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook("filter",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+"_"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),"filter"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.8.17" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=50c7bea9c2320e16728e44ae9fde5f26" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/themes/accelerating-science-blogs/js/single-scripts.js?ver=1.2.9.3" id="single-scripts-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1440" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/?p=1440' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thermofisher.com%2Fblog%2Fatomic-resolution%2Fbrain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thermofisher.com%2Fblog%2Fatomic-resolution%2Fbrain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence%2F&format=xml" /> <meta property="ia:markup_url" content="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/?ia_markup=1" />  <link rel="icon" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/themes/accelerating-science-blogs/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/xmlrpc.php" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BlogPosting","mainEntityofPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/atomic-resolution\/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence\/"},"headline":"Unraveling Brain Evolution Through the Study of Teleost Fish Intelligence","datePublished":"04\/25\/2024","dateModified":"04\/25\/2024","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Thermo Fisher Scientific","URL":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home.html","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/content\/dam\/LifeTech\/Images\/Header\/logo-color.png"}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2024\/04\/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Header_1920x800.jpg","width":1920,"height":800},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Alex Ilitchev"}} </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/etc/designs/lifetech/clientlibs/digitaldata.js" defer="defer"></script> <script id="tagmanager" type="text/javascript" src='https://assets.adobedtm.com/launch-ENeecb77f1160a4928a492ff040f7110c7.min.js' defer="defer"></script> <script> (function($) { $(document).ready(function() { digitalData.setPageType('blog'); }) })(jQuery); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-1440 single-format-standard header-image full-width-content genesis-breadcrumbs-visible"><div class="site-container"><header class="site-header"><div class="wrap"><div class="title-area"><p class="site-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/" title="Thermo Fisher Scientific">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a></p><p class="site-description">Electron and cryo-electron microscopy stories and solutions about the advancement of cellular and structural biology</p></div><div class="widget-area header-widget-area"><section id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"></div></div> </div></section> <section id="block-6" class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"></div></div> </div></section> </div><div class="breadcrumb"><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/?">Accelerating Science</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">Life in Atomic Resolution</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/software/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">Software</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-current-title">Unraveling Brain Evolution Through the Study of Teleost Fish Intelligence</span></div></div></header> <section class="hero-banner" style="background-image:url(https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Header_1920x800.jpg)"> </section> <div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-1440 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-software category-uncategorized entry" aria-label="Unraveling Brain Evolution Through the Study of Teleost Fish Intelligence"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">Unraveling Brain Evolution Through the Study of Teleost Fish Intelligence</h1> <span class="post-info-author"> By <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/author/alexilitchev/" title="Posts by Alex Ilitchev" rel="author">Alex Ilitchev</a> </span> <span class="post-info-date"> 04.25.2024 </span> </header><div class="entry-content"><h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong> Higher order brain function in different animals</strong></h2> <p>Once, higher-order intelligence was thought to be exclusive to primates, as identified by a number of complex cognitive functions such as advanced tool use and self-recognition. However, these hallmarks of intellect have since been recognized in a number of other animals, even outside of mammals. Notably, corvids and parrots have exhibited highly advanced behaviors including creative tool use, which necessitates a combination of complex reasoning, planning, and fine motor skills.</p> <p>The development of higher brain function is coupled with an increase in relative brain mass, termed encephalization. In primates, this corresponded to an increase in the size of the cerebral cortex compared to other mammals. It would be natural to assume that similar increases in intellect would occur in the same way in birds, but instead, it was found that they had an increase in neuronal density in the pallium (a region of the brain which also encompasses the cortex). This seems to indicate that higher cognitive function can develop in markedly different ways in different animal classes.</p> <p> </p> <div id="attachment_1441" style="width: 634px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1441" class="wp-image-1441 size-full" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Wrasse-Blog-Image-1.png" alt="teleost fish" width="624" height="213" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Wrasse-Blog-Image-1.png 624w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Wrasse-Blog-Image-1-300x102.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1441" class="wp-caption-text">Phylogenetic tree of the teleost species sampled by P. Estienne, et al. Figure reproduced under CC BY 4.0.</p></div> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Wrasse fish intelligence</strong></h2> <p>Wrasses are a family of marine fish in the teleost fish infraclass, a sub-section of Actinopterygii or “ray-finned fishes.” Despite the relatively low encephalization of teleosts, and fish in general, wrasses have been found to exhibit tool-use. Since they lack limbs, they use their mouths to grab shellfish and break them by repeatedly hitting them against a hard flat surface such as a rock or coral.</p> <p>To determine how this higher-order behavior corresponded to encephalization, researchers at the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience compared the body mass, brain mass, and brain structure of various wrasses and teleosts.</p> <div id="attachment_1449" style="width: 770px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1449" class="wp-image-1449 size-large" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-2_2048x800-1024x400.jpg" alt="Teleost fish" width="760" height="297" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-2_2048x800-1024x400.jpg 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-2_2048x800-300x117.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-2_2048x800-768x300.jpg 768w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-2_2048x800-1536x600.jpg 1536w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-2_2048x800.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1449" class="wp-caption-text">Left) The five major regions of the brain examined in this study, highlighted on the brain of a cichlid, a relative of the wrasse. Right) The same regions highlighted on the wrasse brain. Figure adapted from P. Estienne, et al. under CC BY 4.0.</p></div> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Brain visualization with Amira Software</strong></h2> <p>In order to visualize these intricate brain structures, micrometer thick slices of teleost brains were imaged and recombined digitally into 3D representations with Thermo Scientific™ Amira™ Software. Using manual segmentation, the individual regions of the brain could be identified, including lobes and connective fibers. The researchers found that wrasses have a larger telencephalon and general forebrain/midbrain region compared to other teleost fish. Notably, this included a much larger inferior lobe, a structure that has no direct analog in mammals and birds. This lobe also showed unique and substantial connectivity to the pallium, which has already been linked to higher-order thinking in other animals. Overall, this showcases yet another unique way in which higher-order thinking can develop in animals, expanding the ways in which we understand brain function and evolution.</p> <div id="attachment_1451" style="width: 770px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1451" class="wp-image-1451 size-large" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-3_2048x800-1024x400.jpg" alt="teleost fish" width="760" height="297" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-3_2048x800-1024x400.jpg 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-3_2048x800-300x117.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-3_2048x800-768x300.jpg 768w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-3_2048x800-1536x600.jpg 1536w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/04/Teleost-Amniotes-Brains-Blog-Figure-3_2048x800.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1451" class="wp-caption-text">Comparison of the interconnectivity of the pallium and the inferior lobe (IL) in wrasses and zebrafish. The IL of wrasses is distinctly larger compared to the zebrafish, indicating a high degree of encephalization. Figure adapted from P. Estienne, et al. under CC BY 4.0.</p></div> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Understanding brain evolution through imaging</strong></h2> <p>This study has provided unique, novel insights into the development of intelligence in different animal classes, and how intelligent behavior can evolve along different pathways in the brain. These observations were enabled by high-resolution imaging and 3D visualization, which provided the researchers with an intimate view of the entire brain and its intricate structures.</p> <p><a href="https://ter.li/3u19iy">Read the full article in Nature >></a></p> <p><a href="https://ter.li/azms3n">Learn more about Amira Software for 3D visualization and analysis >></a></p>  <div class="jp-relatedposts"> <div class="related-post related-1"> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/smart-epu-software-collection-methods-for-challenging-cryo-em-samples/"><img width="310" height="274" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/11/EPU-Collect-Meth-Blog-Header_1920x450-310x274.jpeg" class="attachment-grid size-grid wp-post-image" alt="EPU-Collect-Meth-Blog-Header_1920x450" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> <span class="grid-content"> <h4 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/smart-epu-software-collection-methods-for-challenging-cryo-em-samples/">Smart EPU Software collection methods for challenging cryo-EM samples</a></h4> <p>Challenging cryo-EM sample collection Screening challenging ... </p> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/smart-epu-software-collection-methods-for-challenging-cryo-em-samples/" class="read-more">Read More <i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-right"></i></a> </span> </div> <div class="related-post related-2"> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/glacios-cryo-tem-evolution-200-kv-cryo-em/"><img width="310" height="274" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2023/02/Glacios2-CDK-cyclin-1200x630-1-310x274.png" class="attachment-grid size-grid wp-post-image" alt="Next gen Glacios Cryo TEM helps solve CDK-cyclin at 2.3 Angstroms" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> <span class="grid-content"> <h4 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/glacios-cryo-tem-evolution-200-kv-cryo-em/">Glacios 2 Cryo-TEM and the Evolution of 200 kV Cryo-EM</a></h4> <p>Glacios 2 Cryo-TEM and the Evolution of 200 kV Cryo-EM Cryo-... </p> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/glacios-cryo-tem-evolution-200-kv-cryo-em/" class="read-more">Read More <i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-right"></i></a> </span> </div> <div class="related-post related-3"> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/tumor-volume-analysis-with-amira-software-assists-in-the-diagnosis-of-esophageal-cancer/"><img width="310" height="274" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/06/Tumor-Volume-Oesophageal-Cancer-Blog-Social-_no-logo__1200x630-310x274.jpg" class="attachment-grid size-grid wp-post-image" alt="Tumor Volume Oesophageal Cancer" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> <span class="grid-content"> <h4 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/tumor-volume-analysis-with-amira-software-assists-in-the-diagnosis-of-esophageal-cancer/">Tumor volume analysis with Amira Software assists in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer</a></h4> <p>Clinical challenges of esophageal cancer diagnosis Esophagea... </p> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/tumor-volume-analysis-with-amira-software-assists-in-the-diagnosis-of-esophageal-cancer/" class="read-more">Read More <i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-right"></i></a> </span> </div> <div class="related-post related-4"> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/mouse-models-of-alzheimers-disease-reveal-amyloid-plaque-formation/"><img width="310" height="274" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2023/11/Amira-Alzheimer-Blog-Header_1920x800_FINAL-1-310x274.jpg" class="attachment-grid size-grid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> <span class="grid-content"> <h4 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/mouse-models-of-alzheimers-disease-reveal-amyloid-plaque-formation/">Whole-Brain Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: Exploring Amyloid Beta Plaque Distribution</a></h4> <p>Using mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease to discover the ... </p> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/mouse-models-of-alzheimers-disease-reveal-amyloid-plaque-formation/" class="read-more">Read More <i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-right"></i></a> </span> </div> </div></div></article> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/atomic-resolution/brain-evolution-through-the-study-of-teleost-fish-intelligence/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment"><label for="comment">Comment <span class="required">*</span></label> <textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" required></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><label for="author">Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" maxlength="245" autocomplete="name" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-email"><label for="email">Email <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="" size="30" maxlength="100" aria-describedby="email-notes" autocomplete="email" required /></p> <p class="comment-form-url"><label for="url">Website</label> <input id="url" name="url" type="url" value="" size="30" maxlength="200" autocomplete="url" /></p> <p class="comment-form-cookies-consent"><input id="wp-comment-cookies-consent" name="wp-comment-cookies-consent" type="checkbox" value="yes" /> <label for="wp-comment-cookies-consent">Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.</label></p> <p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment" /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='1440' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="0cf46f8445" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="2"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> <div class="adjacent-entry-pagination pagination"><div class="pagination-previous alignleft"><i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-left"></i> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/revolutionizing-prostate-cancer-research-cryo-em-breakthroughs/" rel="prev">Revolutionizing Prostate Cancer Research: University of Texas Health Science Center’s Cryo-EM Breakthrough</a></div><div class="pagination-next alignright"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/tumor-volume-analysis-with-amira-software-assists-in-the-diagnosis-of-esophageal-cancer/" rel="next">Tumor volume analysis with Amira Software assists in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer</a> <i class="fa fa-icon fa-chevron-right"></i></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="site-footer"><div class="wrap"><div class="creds"><p class="footer-links"><a href="https://corporate.thermofisher.com/en/footer/privacy-statement.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Privacy Statement</a><a href="https://corporate.thermofisher.com/en/footer/terms-and-conditions.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Terms & Conditions</a><a href="/blog/locations/">Locations</a><a href="/blog/sitemap/">Sitemap</a></p><p>© 2024 <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a>. All Rights Reserved.</p></div><span class="social-links"><p>Talk to us</p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/thermofisher" class="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-icon fa-facebook"></i></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/thermo-fisher-scientific" class="linkedin" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-icon fa-linkedin"></i></a><a href="https://twitter.com/thermofisher" class="twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-icon fa-twitter"></i></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/thermofisher" class="youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-icon fa-youtube"></i></a></span></div></footer></div>  <script type="text/html" id="wpls--tmpl"> <li class="search-result"> <a href="<%= post.link %>"> <div class="wpls--item-title-wrap"> <h4 class="wpls--item-title"><%= post.title %></h4> </div> </a> </li> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* MonsterInsights Scroll Tracking */ if ( typeof(jQuery) !== 'undefined' ) { jQuery( document ).ready(function(){ function monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load() { if ( ( typeof(__gaTracker) !== 'undefined' && __gaTracker && __gaTracker.hasOwnProperty( "loaded" ) && __gaTracker.loaded == true ) || ( typeof(__gtagTracker) !== 'undefined' && __gtagTracker ) ) { (function(factory) { factory(jQuery); }(function($) { /* Scroll Depth */ "use strict"; var defaults = { percentage: true }; var $window = $(window), cache = [], scrollEventBound = false, lastPixelDepth = 0; /* * Plugin */ $.scrollDepth = function(options) { var startTime = +new Date(); options = $.extend({}, defaults, options); /* * Functions */ function sendEvent(action, label, scrollDistance, timing) { if ( 'undefined' === typeof MonsterInsightsObject || 'undefined' === typeof MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent ) { return; } var paramName = action.toLowerCase(); var fieldsArray = { send_to: 'G-TJ18KZWFVE', non_interaction: true }; fieldsArray[paramName] = label; if (arguments.length > 3) { fieldsArray.scroll_timing = timing MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent('event', 'scroll_depth', fieldsArray); } else { MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent('event', 'scroll_depth', fieldsArray); } } function calculateMarks(docHeight) { return { '25%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.25, 10), '50%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.50, 10), '75%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.75, 10), /* Cushion to trigger 100% event in iOS */ '100%': docHeight - 5 }; } function checkMarks(marks, scrollDistance, timing) { /* Check each active mark */ $.each(marks, function(key, val) { if ( $.inArray(key, cache) === -1 && scrollDistance >= val ) { sendEvent('Percentage', key, scrollDistance, timing); cache.push(key); } }); } function rounded(scrollDistance) { /* Returns String */ return (Math.floor(scrollDistance/250) * 250).toString(); } function init() { bindScrollDepth(); } /* * Public Methods */ /* Reset Scroll Depth with the originally initialized options */ $.scrollDepth.reset = function() { cache = []; lastPixelDepth = 0; $window.off('scroll.scrollDepth'); bindScrollDepth(); }; /* Add DOM elements to be tracked */ $.scrollDepth.addElements = function(elems) { if (typeof elems == "undefined" || !$.isArray(elems)) { return; } $.merge(options.elements, elems); /* If scroll event has been unbound from window, rebind */ if (!scrollEventBound) { bindScrollDepth(); } }; /* Remove DOM elements currently tracked */ $.scrollDepth.removeElements = function(elems) { if (typeof elems == "undefined" || !$.isArray(elems)) { return; } $.each(elems, function(index, elem) { var inElementsArray = $.inArray(elem, options.elements); var inCacheArray = $.inArray(elem, cache); if (inElementsArray != -1) { options.elements.splice(inElementsArray, 1); } if (inCacheArray != -1) { cache.splice(inCacheArray, 1); } }); }; /* * Throttle function borrowed from: * Underscore.js 1.5.2 * http://underscorejs.org * (c) 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors * Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license. */ function throttle(func, wait) { var context, args, result; var timeout = null; var previous = 0; var later = function() { previous = new Date; timeout = null; result = func.apply(context, args); }; return function() { var now = new Date; if (!previous) previous = now; var remaining = wait - (now - previous); context = this; args = arguments; if (remaining <= 0) { clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = null; previous = now; result = func.apply(context, args); } else if (!timeout) { timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining); } return result; }; } /* * Scroll Event */ function bindScrollDepth() { scrollEventBound = true; $window.on('scroll.scrollDepth', throttle(function() { /* * We calculate document and window height on each scroll event to * account for dynamic DOM changes. */ var docHeight = $(document).height(), winHeight = window.innerHeight ? window.innerHeight : $window.height(), scrollDistance = $window.scrollTop() + winHeight, /* Recalculate percentage marks */ marks = calculateMarks(docHeight), /* Timing */ timing = +new Date - startTime; checkMarks(marks, scrollDistance, timing); }, 500)); } init(); }; /* UMD export */ return $.scrollDepth; })); jQuery.scrollDepth(); } else { setTimeout(monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load, 200); } } monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load(); }); } /* End MonsterInsights Scroll Tracking */ </script><script type="text/javascript" id="wpls-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wp_search_vars = {"helperText":"one more character","api":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/wp-json\/as\/v1\/all-posts\/22"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/wp-search-live/public/assets/js/wp-live-search.js?ver=0.9" id="wpls-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=54e7080aa7a02c83aa61fae430b9d869" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"4a792b070322e711c2521ee9802c04ea"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/atomic-resolution\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=bab19fd84843dabc070e73326d787910" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/tabs.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-tabs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/themes/accelerating-science-blogs/js/scripts.js?ver=1.2.9.3" id="scripts-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js?ver=1722950842" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/-JVF2Mt77XrPue0oWQ_DN-r_/XEYukNG8mrG8EimE/LFhk/MBsdTQN/rVQM"></script></body></html>