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Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fbu_B%C9%99kr%C9%99_bey%C9%99t_etm%C9%99y%C9%99n_s%C9%99hab%C9%99l%C9%99rin_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Əbu Bəkrə beyət etməyən səhabələrin siyahısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əbu Bəkrə beyət etməyən səhabələrin siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisak_osoba_koje_se_nisu_zakleli_na_odanost_Ebu-Bekru" title="Spisak osoba koje se nisu zakleli na odanost Ebu-Bekru – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Spisak osoba koje se nisu zakleli na odanost Ebu-Bekru" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_sahabat_yang_menolak_berbai%27at_kepada_Abu_Bakar" title="Daftar sahabat yang menolak berbai'at kepada Abu Bakar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar sahabat yang menolak berbai'at kepada Abu Bakar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="รายชื่อเศาะฮาบะฮ์ที่ไม่ให้สัตยาบันกับอบูบักร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รายชื่อเศาะฮาบะฮ์ที่ไม่ให้สัตยาบันกับอบูบักร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6596231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Sahabah_who_did_not_give_bay%27ah_to_Abu_Bakr&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sahabah who did not give bay'ah to Abu Bakr">List of Sahabah who did not give bay'ah to Abu Bakr</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>This is a <b>list of people who did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr</b>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> had been widely expected to succeed the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Muhammad#Death" title="Muhammad">his death</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to their closeness and Muhammad's stated preference.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As he performed Muhammad's funeral rites, a group of <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">companions of Muhammad</a> left and proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> as the caliph, while others remained loyal to Ali. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_did_not_pledge_allegiance_to_Abu_Bakr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saqifa" title="Saqifa">Saqifa</a></div> <p>In the immediate aftermath of Muhammad's death in 11 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">AH</a> (632 CE), several of the <a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a> (natives of <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>) gathered in the <a href="/wiki/Saqifah" class="mw-redirect" title="Saqifah">Saqifah</a> (courtyard) of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27ida" title="Banu Sa'ida">Saida</a> clan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung</a>, the Ansar likely believed that their allegiance to Muhammad had elapsed with his death and expected that Muhammad's community would disintegrate. For this reason, the purpose of their meeting might had simply been to re-establish control over their city, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, under the belief that the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (migrants from <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) would return to Mecca anyway.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon learning about the meeting, Muhammad's companions <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> quickly forced their way into Saqifah.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a heated meeting, in which a chief of the Ansar was beaten into submission by Umar, the small group of Muslims gathered at Saqifah agreed on Abu Bakr as the new head of the Muslim community.<sup id="cite_ref-:1322_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1322-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Saqifah event excluded Muhammad's family, who were preparing to bury him, and most of the <a href="/wiki/Muhajerin" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhajerin">Muhajirun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many members of Muhammad's clan, the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a>, as well as a number of Muhammad's companions opposed the nomination of Abu Bakr;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they held that <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> was the rightful successor of Muhammad, appointed by him at the <a href="/wiki/Event_of_Ghadir_Khumm" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Ghadir Khumm">Event of Ghadir Khumm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue over the succession to Muhammad would eventually lead to the formation of the two main sects of Islam, with Sunnis considering Abu Bakr to be Muhammad's successor and Shias believing that Ali was the rightful successor to Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-Shia_succession_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shia_succession-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_did_not_pledge_allegiance_to_Abu_Bakr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to various sources, many people did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr immediately after the Saqifah. Some did later,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for various reasons. They included: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Banu_(Arabic)" title="Banu (Arabic)">House</a> </th> <th>Position during Muhammad's lifetime </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib</a></b> </td> <td>Banu Hashim </td> <td> <ul><li>Uncle of Muhammad</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qutaybah" title="Ibn Qutaybah">Ibn Qutaybah</a>, a 9th century <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic scholar</a> says that <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib</a> had told Abu Bakr that, "If you demanded what you demanded through kinship to the Messenger of Allah, then you had confiscated our own. If you had demanded it due to your position among Muslims, then ours is a more prestigious than yours. If this affair is accomplished when the believers are pleased with it, then it cannot be so as long as we are displeased therewith."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yaqubi, a 9th century Sunni Islamic scholar narrates "A group of Muhajirs and Ansars kept themselves aloof from allegiance to Abu Bakr and were followers of Hazrat Ali [as]. Among them were Abbas Bin Abdul-Muttalib...Fadl ibn Abbasi"<sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Muhammad al-Bukhari, a 9th-century Sunni Islamic scholar narrates the same as Yaqubi.<sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayyub_al-Ansari" title="Abu Ayyub al-Ansari">Abu Ayyub al-Ansari</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jafri_ch2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jafri_ch2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Najjar (father's side); Banu Khazraj (mother's side)<sup id="cite_ref-jafri_ch2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jafri_ch2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <ul><li>Host of Muhammad following the migration to Medina until Muhammad's house was built<sup id="cite_ref-jafri_ch2_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jafri_ch2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Buraidah_al-Aslami" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Buraidah al-Aslami">Abu Buraidah al-Aslami</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhar_al-Ghifari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Dhar al-Ghifari">Abu Dhar al-Ghifari</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Ghifar </td> <td> <ul><li>One of the earliest converts to Islam<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Bara%27_ibn_Azib" title="Al-Bara' ibn Azib">Al-Bara' ibn Azib</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Khazraj </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></b> </td> <td>Banu Hashim </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Mohammad al-Bukhari</a> collected a hadith in his collection on the authority of <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a> that <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> swore oath to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> after the death of <a href="/wiki/Fatimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimah">Fatimah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A similar but shorter version of the hadith was also collected by Muslim ibn al-Hallaj in his collection.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ammar_ibn_Yasir" title="Ammar ibn Yasir">Ammar ibn Yasir</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Makhzum (affiliation) </td> <td> <ul><li>One of the earliest converts to Islam</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bilal_ibn_Rabah" title="Bilal ibn Rabah">Bilal ibn Rabah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-banerjee_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banerjee-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Jumah<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <ul><li>One of the earliest converts to Islam<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Appointed by Muhammad to be the <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">Muezzin</a> (person who proclaims the call to prayer)<sup id="cite_ref-banerjee_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banerjee-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Treasurer of Muhammad<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>During Muhammad's life, Bilal had been appointed as the Muezzin (one who recites the Adhan, the Islamic call to prayer). Afterward, Bilal refused to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. He recited the Adhan only once more, at the request of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Fadl_ibn_Abbas" title="Fadl ibn Abbas">Fadl ibn Abbas</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Hashim </td> <td> <ul><li>Cousin of Muhammad</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Farwah ibn Amr ibn Wadqah al-Ansari</b><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Fatimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimah">Fatimah</a></b> </td> <td>Banu Hashim </td> <td> <ul><li>Daughter of Muhammad</li> <li>Considered the "leader of the women of heaven" or the "leader of the women of the worlds"</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Muhammad al-Bukhari</a>, a ninth-century Sunni scholar, writes in his hadith collection <i>Sahih al-Bukhari,</i> "So she became angry with Abu Bakr and kept away from him, and did not talk to him till she died. She remained alive for six months after the death of the Prophet. When she died, her husband 'Ali, buried her at night without informing Abu Bakr and he said the funeral prayer by himself."<sup id="cite_ref-bukhari546_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bukhari546-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a>, a ninth-century Sunni scholar, writes in his hadith collection <i>Sahih al-Muslim,</i> "Fatima who got angry with Abu Bakr...She forsook him and did not talk to him until the end of her life. She lived for six months after the death of the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). When she died, her husband. 'Ali b. Abu Talib, buried her at night. He did not inform Abu Bakr about her death and offered the funeral prayer over her himself."<sup id="cite_ref-muslim4352_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muslim4352-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hudhayfah_ibn_al-Yaman" title="Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman">Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Aws </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abbas" title="Ibn Abbas">Ibn Abbas</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Hashim </td> <td> <ul><li>Cousin of Muhammad</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Sa%27id" title="Khalid ibn Sa'id">Khalid ibn Sa'id</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Umayya </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Khuzaima_ibn_Thabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzaima ibn Thabit">Khuzaima ibn Thabit</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Aws </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Nuwayrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik ibn Nuwayrah">Malik ibn Nuwayrah</a></b> </td> <td>Banu Yarbu'<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <ul><li>Appointed by Muhammad to collect taxes in north-east Arabia<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Miqdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Miqdad">Miqdad</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Qays_ibn_Sa%27d" title="Qays ibn Sa'd">Qays ibn Sa'd</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Khazraj </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_ibn_Ubadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'd ibn Ubadah">Sa'd ibn Ubadah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-razek_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-razek-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Khazraj </td> <td> <ul><li>Leader of Banu Khazraj</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>As part of a speech refusing to give allegiance to Abu Bakr, Sa'd ibn Ubadah said, "I will not renounce by the truth of God. Even if the demons and all the men allied themselves to support you, I will not join them, and will wait until I know the judgement of the Almighty." It is reported that he never gave allegiance to Abu Bakr for the entirety of the latter's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-razek_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-razek-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Salman_the_Persian" title="Salman the Persian">Salman the Persian</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sahl_ibn_Hunaif" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahl ibn Hunaif">Sahl ibn Hunaif</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Aws </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Talha_ibn_Ubayd_Allah" title="Talha ibn Ubayd Allah">Talha</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_zubayr_talha_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir_zubayr_talha-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabari_zubayr_sword-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>The ninth-century Sunni historian Al-Tabari reports that Talha was among those who gathered in Ali's house after the event of Saqifa.<sup id="cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabari_zubayr_sword-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ubay_ibn_Ka%27b" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubay ibn Ka'b">Ubay ibn Ka'b</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Khazraj </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Utbah_ibn_Abi_Lahab" title="Utbah ibn Abi Lahab">Utbah ibn Abi Lahab</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Hashim </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Uthman_ibn_Hunaif" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman ibn Hunaif">Uthman ibn Hunaif</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-MultiRefs_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MultiRefs-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr ibn al-Awwam</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-prophets_heir_zubayr_talha_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prophets_heir_zubayr_talha-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabari_zubayr_sword-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Banu Asad </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Al-Bukhari, a 9th-century Sunni Shafii Islamic scholar narrates that Umar said, "Ali and Zubair and whoever was with them, opposed us, while the emigrants gathered with Abu Bakr."<sup id="cite_ref-Sahaba_15-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dialogue_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Sunni historian Al-Tabari writes that "Umar b. al-Khattab came to the house of Ali. Talhah, al-Zubayr, and some of the Muhajirun were [also] in the house [with Ali]. Umar cried out, "By God, either you come out to render the oath of allegiance [to Abu Bakr], or I will set the house on fire." Al-Zubayr came out with his sword drawn. As he stumbled [upon something], the sword fell from his hand, so they jumped over him and seized him."<sup id="cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabari_zubayr_sword-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_did_not_pledge_allegiance_to_Abu_Bakr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shia_succession-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shia_succession_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Shia view is that Ali was the rightful political and religious successor to Muhammad and that though his political right was taken by Abu Bakr and later political rulers, he and his successors were still the religious leaders of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_did_not_pledge_allegiance_to_Abu_Bakr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="cite-bracket" style="column-width: <sup id=" id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_44-1"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBainbridge1985" class="citation book cs1">Bainbridge, Beryl (1985). <i>Women and the Family in the Middle East</i>. University of Texas Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780292755291" title="Special:BookSources/9780292755291"><bdi>9780292755291</bdi></a>. <q>Ali was expected to succeed Muhammad in the leadership of the Muslim community (ummah) following the Prophet's death in 632</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+the+Family+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780292755291&rft.aulast=Bainbridge&rft.aufirst=Beryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas (2021</a>, p. 93): "According to Tabari, a group of Ansar meanwhile proposed Ali as the one most deserving to lead the community<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] The call was ignored<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] They would have reminded everyone about what the Prophet had said about Ali's status at Ghadir Khumm not too long ago."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas (2021</a>, p. 95): "He emphasised his merits and kinship to the Prophet as proof supporting his claim to be the rightful successor to the Prophet."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzpatrickWalker2014">Fitzpatrick & Walker (2014</a>, p. 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung (1997</a>, p. 31). <a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas (2021</a>, p. 92)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas (2021</a>, p. 92). <a href="#CITEREFHazleton2009">Hazleton (2009</a>, p. 60)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1322-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1322_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHazleton2009">Hazleton (2009</a>, p. 65). <a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung (1997</a>, pp. 31, 32)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung (1997</a>, p. 32). <a href="#CITEREFFitzpatrickWalker2014">Fitzpatrick & Walker (2014</a>, pp. 3, 4). <a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas (2021</a>, p. 93). <a href="#CITEREFHazleton2009">Hazleton (2009</a>, p. 65). <a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen (1985</a>, p. 18)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhetia2013">Khetia (2013</a>, pp. 31, 32) <a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung (1997</a>, p. 32)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzpatrickWalker2014">Fitzpatrick & Walker (2014</a>, p. 186)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeri2005">Meri 2005</a>, p. 523: "A stronger argument in favor of al-Baqir’s school was its conviction that the Prophet had expressly designated and appointed ’Ali as his successor by nass al-jali (explicit designation); this meant that the Imam’s authority did not depend on either human electors or the allegiance (bay’a) of the people."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJafri2002" class="citation book cs1">Jafri, S. H. M. (2002). <i>The Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam</i> (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. <q>They gradually, one after the other, were reconciled to the situation and swore allegiance to Abu Bakr.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+and+Early+Development+of+Shia+Islam&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Jafri&rft.aufirst=S.+H.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/A_Shi%27i-Sunni_dialogue" class="mw-redirect" title="A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue">A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue</a> quoting from <a href="/wiki/Al-Imama_wa_al-Siyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa">Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa</a> page 16 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://al-islam.org/murajaat/80.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610071705/http://www.al-islam.org/murajaat/80.htm">Archived</a> 2011-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sahaba-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahaba_15-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaikh, Asif. Sahaba: The Companion. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Pg. 42-45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prophets_heir-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas (2021</a>, p. 96): "Many leading companions of the Prophet, meanwhile, had approached Abu Bakr to remind him about Ali's right to the office of the caliphate. These included Salman al-Farsi, Ammar ibn Yasir, Abu Dharr, Miqdad, Utbah ibn Abi-Lahab, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Al-Numan ibn Ajlan, Uthman ibn Hunayf, Abu Ayub Ansar and Khuzamah ibn Thabit, among others."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jafri_ch2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jafri_ch2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jafri_ch2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jafri_ch2_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJafri2002" class="citation book cs1">Jafri, Syed Husain Mohammad (2002). "Chapter 2: Saqifa, The First Manifestations". <i>The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Saqifa%2C+The+First+Manifestations&rft.btitle=The+Origins+and+Early+Development+of+Shi%27a+Islam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Jafri&rft.aufirst=Syed+Husain+Mohammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialogue-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialogue_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/A_Shi%27i-Sunni_dialogue" class="mw-redirect" title="A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue">A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue</a> on al-Islam.org <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://al-islam.org/murajaat/80.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610071705/http://www.al-islam.org/murajaat/80.htm">Archived</a> 2011-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrelvi1982" class="citation book cs1">Brelvi, Mahmud (1982). "Chapter 19: Early Stage of the Spread of Islam". <i>Seerat Al-Nabi</i>. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind. p. 23. <q>Abu - dhar was the 6th or 7th convert to Islam</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+Early+Stage+of+the+Spread+of+Islam&rft.btitle=Seerat+Al-Nabi&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Institute+of+Sindhology%2C+University+of+Sind&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Brelvi&rft.aufirst=Mahmud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4240">"Sahih al-Bukhari 4240, 4241 - Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi) - كتاب المغازى - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+al-Bukhari+4240%2C+4241+-+Military+Expeditions+led+by+the+Prophet+%28pbuh%29+%28Al-Maghaazi%29+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%89+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fbukhari%3A4240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/muslim:1759b">"Sahih Muslim 1759b - The Book of Jihad and Expeditions - كتاب الجهاد والسير - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=Sahih+Muslim+1759b+-+The+Book+of+Jihad+and+Expeditions+-+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1+-+Sunnah.com+-+Sayings+and+Teachings+of+Prophet+Muhammad+%28%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fmuslim%3A1759b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-banerjee-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-banerjee_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-banerjee_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee2021" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Prathama (2021). <i>Elementary Aspects of the Political: Histories from the Global South</i>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781478012443" title="Special:BookSources/9781478012443"><bdi>9781478012443</bdi></a>. <q>Bilal, appointed by the Prophet Muhammad as the first muezzin, who refused allegiance to Abu Bakr after Muhammad's death</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementary+Aspects+of+the+Political%3A+Histories+from+the+Global+South&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781478012443&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Prathama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeri2005">Meri 2005</a>, p. 109: "Bilal was born to a black slave-girl named Hamama in the Arab clan of Banu Jumah: in Hijaz."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeri2005">Meri 2005</a>, p. 109: "He was one of the earliest converts (al-sabiqun) to Islam"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeri2005">Meri 2005</a>, p. 109: "In his first year in Medina, the Prophet Muhammad initiated the practice of vocally calling his followers to prayer (adhan), and from the beginning he charged Bilal with performing the task as muezzin (mu’adhdhin). The most momentous occasion when he delivered the adhan was when Muhammad and his followers victoriously entered Mecca (8/629) and cleansed the House of Ka‘ba and its environs of all idols."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeri2005">Meri 2005</a>, p. 109: "he was trusted as the Prophet’s treasurer"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeri2005">Meri 2005</a>, p. 109, <i>Bilal al-Habashi</i>: "After the Prophet’s death, Bila¯l was reluctant to deliver the call to prayer, as he may have felt dissatisfied with succession arrangements. Reportedly, he declined to pledge allegiance (bay‘a) to Abu¯ Bakr (r. 11–13/632–634) as caliph, and he eventually emigrated and settled in Sham. On at least one moving occasion, Bilal is known to have delivered the adhan after the Prophet, and that was upon the request of Muhammad’s beloved daughter Fatima (d. 11/632) and her two sons, al-Hasan (d. 50/669) and al-Husayn (d. 61/680)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ Al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 3), An English Translation</i>. 2018. p. 744. <q>al-Fadl b. al-Abbas, who was the spokesman of Quraysh, stood up to say, "People of Quraysh, it is not right that the succession (khilafa) should become yours through deceit; we are entitled to it before you, and our companion is more entitled to it than you are."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Ibn+W%C4%81%E1%B8%8Di%E1%B8%A5+Al-Ya%CA%BFq%C5%ABb%C4%AB+%28Volume+3%29%2C+An+English+Translation&rft.pages=744&rft.date=2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bukhari546-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bukhari546_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bukhari546_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/059-sbt.php#005.059.546">5:59:546</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muslim4352-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-muslim4352_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-muslim4352_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/muslim/019-smt.php#019.4352">19:4352</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJafri2002" class="citation book cs1">Jafri, S. H. M. (2002). <i>The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam</i> (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+and+Early+Development+of+Shi%27a+Islam&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Jafri&rft.aufirst=S.+H.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 22: "The presentation of Ibn al-'Abbas, however, leaves no doubt that he considered 'Ali as entitled to the succession"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 41: "The refusal of the Umayyad Khalid b. al-As, one of the earliest converts to Islam and a prominent Companion, to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr when he returned from the Yemen to Medina a month after the latter's succession and his insistence on the rights of the Banu 'Abd Manaf (including both Hashim and 'Abd Shams) are significant."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackintosh-Smith2019" class="citation book cs1">Mackintosh-Smith, Tim (2019). <i>Arabs: A 3,000-year History of Peoples, Tribes and Empires</i>. Yale University Press. p. 181. <q>Malik ibn Nuwayrah...a leader of the tribe of Yarbu'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabs%3A+A+3%2C000-year+History+of+Peoples%2C+Tribes+and+Empires&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Mackintosh-Smith&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2011" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). "Ridda Wars". <i>Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia - Volume 1</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 751. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598843361" title="Special:BookSources/9781598843361"><bdi>9781598843361</bdi></a>. <q>Malik ibn Nuwayrah...was a Muslim and appointed by the Prophet himself to collect taxes in northeastern Arabia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ridda+Wars&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Conquest+in+the+Islamic+World%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+-+Volume+1&rft.pages=751&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781598843361&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-razek-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-razek_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-razek_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRazek2012" class="citation book cs1">Razek, Ali Abdel (2012). "Chapter 8: The Arab State". <i>Islam and the Foundations of Political Power</i>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748656318" title="Special:BookSources/9780748656318"><bdi>9780748656318</bdi></a>. <q>It is also clear from the fact that Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah refused to give allegiance to Abu Bakr, saying..."I will not renounce by the truth of God. Even if the demons and all the men allied themselves to support you, I will not join them, and will wait until I know the judgement of the Almighty"...He stayed in this state of mind until Abu Bakr died.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+The+Arab+State&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Foundations+of+Political+Power&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780748656318&rft.aulast=Razek&rft.aufirst=Ali+Abdel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Qarashi2018" class="citation book cs1">al-Qarashi, Baqir Sharif (2018). <i>THIS IS SHI'ISM (AN OBJECTIVE STUDY)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THIS+IS+SHI%27ISM+%28AN+OBJECTIVE+STUDY%29&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=al-Qarashi&rft.aufirst=Baqir+Sharif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prophets_heir_zubayr_talha-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_zubayr_talha_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prophets_heir_zubayr_talha_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas (2021</a>, p. 95): "Besides his family and members of Banu Hashim, a handful of Ali's friends had started to gather around him, including some of the Prophet's companions, such as Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Talha ibn Ubaydullah."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tabari_zubayr_sword-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tabari_zubayr_sword_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Tabari" class="citation book cs1">Al-Tabari. "The Events of the Year 11". In Poonawala, Ismail K. (ed.). <i>The History of al-Ṭabarī, Vol. 9: The Last Years of the Prophet: The Formation of the State A.D. 630-632/A.H. 8-11</i>. The State University of New York Press. pp. 186–187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887066924" title="Special:BookSources/9780887066924"><bdi>9780887066924</bdi></a>. <q>Umar b. al-Khattab came to the house of Ali. Talhah, al-Zubayr, and some of the Muhajirun were [also] in the house [with Ali]. Umar cried out, "By God, either you come out to render the oath of allegiance [to Abu Bakr], or I will set the house on fire." Al-Zubayr came out with his sword drawn. As he stumbled [upon something], the sword fell from his hand, so they jumped over him and seized him.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Events+of+the+Year+11&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB%2C+Vol.+9%3A+The+Last+Years+of+the+Prophet%3A+The+Formation+of+the+State+A.D.+630-632%2FA.H.+8-11&rft.pages=186-187&rft.pub=The+State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.isbn=9780887066924&rft.au=Al-Tabari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MultiRefs-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MultiRefs_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A list composed of sources such as <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_Asqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajar Asqalani">Ibn Hajar Asqalani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ibn_Yahya_al-Baladhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri">Baladhuri</a>, each in his Ta'rikh, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Khwand" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Khwand">Muhammad Bin Khawind Shah</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Rawdatu_%27s-safa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawdatu 's-safa">Rauzatu's-Safa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abd-al-Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf ibn Abd-al-Barr">Ibn Abdu'l-Birr</a> in his <a href="/wiki/The_Comprehensive_Compilation_of_the_Names_of_the_Prophet%27s_Companions" class="mw-redirect" title="The Comprehensive Compilation of the Names of the Prophet's Companions">Isti'ab</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qutaybah-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qutaybah_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qutaybah" title="Ibn Qutaybah">Ibn Qutaybah</a>, vol. 1, p.29; quoted in <a href="/wiki/Ayoub" title="Ayoub">Ayoub</a>, 2003, 18 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://islamichistory.wordpress.com/files/2006/12/the-succession-to-muhammad-web-edition.ppt">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rizvi-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rizvi_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Imamate: The Vicegerency of the Prophet by <a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_Akhtar_Rizvi" title="Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi">Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi</a>, quoting <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qutaybah" title="Ibn Qutaybah">Ibn Qutaybah</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-islam.org/">Al-islam.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.al-islam.org/imamate/3.htm">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabari-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tabari_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari">Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari</a>, vol. 3, p.208; Ayoub, 2003, 21 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://islamichistory.wordpress.com/files/2006/12/the-succession-to-muhammad-web-edition.ppt">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Al-Islam.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Islam.org">Shi'a encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990224032315/http://www.al-islam.org/organizations/AalimNetwork/msg00166.html">[6]</a> quoting from <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qutaybah" title="Ibn Qutaybah">Ibn Qutaybah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Massudi">Massudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abu_al-Hadid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abu al-Hadid">Ibn Abu al-Hadid</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_did_not_pledge_allegiance_to_Abu_Bakr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2021" class="citation book cs1">Abbas, Hassan (2021). <i>The Prophet's Heir</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300229455" title="Special:BookSources/9780300229455"><bdi>9780300229455</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prophet%27s+Heir&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780300229455&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span> Ebook: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300252057" title="Special:BookSources/9780300252057">9780300252057</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrickWalker2014" class="citation book cs1">Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Han, eds. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/"><i>Muhammad in history, thought, and culture : an encyclopedia of the Prophet of God</i></a>. Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-177-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-177-2"><bdi>978-1-61069-177-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+history%2C+thought%2C+and+culture+%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+the+Prophet+of+God&rft.pub=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.+%3A+ABC-CLIO%2C+LLC&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-177-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazleton2009" class="citation book cs1">Hazleton, Lesley (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aftertheprophettheepicstoryoftheshiasunnisplitinislampdfdrive.com/mode/2up"><i>After the prophet: The epic story of the Shia-Sunni split in Islam</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385532099" title="Special:BookSources/9780385532099"><bdi>9780385532099</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+prophet%3A+The+epic+story+of+the+Shia-Sunni+split+in+Islam&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780385532099&rft.aulast=Hazleton&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faftertheprophettheepicstoryoftheshiasunnisplitinislampdfdrive.com%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhetia2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Khetia, Vinay (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976817/"><i>Fatima as a motif of contention and suffering in Islamic sources</i></a> (Masters). Concordia University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Fatima+as+a+motif+of+contention+and+suffering+in+Islamic+sources&rft.inst=Concordia+University&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Khetia&rft.aufirst=Vinay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectrum.library.concordia.ca%2F976817%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a> (1997). <i>The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64696-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64696-0"><bdi>0-521-64696-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Succession+to+Muhammad%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Caliphate&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-64696-0&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2005" class="citation book cs1">Meri, Josef W. (2005). <i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415966900" title="Special:BookSources/9780415966900"><bdi>9780415966900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780415966900&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Josef+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen1985" class="citation book cs1">Momen, Moojan (1985). <i>An introduction to Shi'i Islam</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780853982005" title="Special:BookSources/9780853982005"><bdi>9780853982005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+Shi%27i+Islam&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780853982005&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+who+did+not+pledge+allegiance+to+Abu+Bakr" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_did_not_pledge_allegiance_to_Abu_Bakr&oldid=1259036849">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_who_did_not_pledge_allegiance_to_Abu_Bakr&oldid=1259036849</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Category:Companions of the Prophet">Companions of the Prophet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Mecca" title="Category:People from Mecca">People from Mecca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Medina" title="Category:People from Medina">People from Medina</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 01:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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