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Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9)" title="صوت (لغة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوت (لغة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="বাগ্‌ধ্বনি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাগ্‌ধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonu" title="Fonu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fonu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonenn" title="Fonenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fonenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon_(fon%C3%A8tica)" title="Fon (fonètica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fon (fonètica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Фон (фонетика) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фон (фонетика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hl%C3%A1ska" title="Hláska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hláska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sproglyd" title="Sproglyd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sproglyd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phon_(Phonetik)" title="Phon (Phonetik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phon (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4%C3%A4lik" title="Häälik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Häälik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φώνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φώνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fono" title="Fono – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parolsono" title="Parolsono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parolsono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fono" title="Fono – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fono" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7" title="آوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_(linguistique)" title="Phone (linguistique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phone (linguistique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foghar_(c%C3%A0nanachas)" title="Foghar (cànanachas) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Foghar (cànanachas)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EA%B0%80_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99)" title="음가 (언어학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음가 (언어학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas" title="Glas – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyi_bahasa" title="Bunyi bahasa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bunyi bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phono" title="Phono – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Phono" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lhlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Málhljóð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málhljóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fono" title="Fono – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fono" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%94_(%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="הגה (פונטיקה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הגה (פונטיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonum" title="Phonum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phonum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fons" title="Fons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besz%C3%A9dhang" title="Beszédhang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Beszédhang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Глас (фонетика) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Глас (фонетика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="സ്വനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon_(fonetik)" title="Fon (fonetik) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fon (fonetik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6" title="စကားသံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စကားသံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foon_(fonetiek)" title="Foon (fonetiek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Foon (fonetiek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%98%E9%9F%B3" title="単音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="単音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon" title="Fon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon" title="Fon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਧੁਨੀ (ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੁਨੀ (ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%82oska" title="Głoska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Głoska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fones_(fon%C3%A9tica)" title="Fones (fonética) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fones (fonética)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunet_(fonetic%C4%83)" title="Sunet (fonetică) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sunet (fonetică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunkalla" title="Kunkalla – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kunkalla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Фон (фонетика) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фон (фонетика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone" title="Phone – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Phone" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hl%C3%A1ska" title="Hláska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hláska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_(jezikoslovje)" title="Glas (jezikoslovje) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glas (jezikoslovje)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Глас – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas" title="Glas – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Glas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4nne" title="Äänne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Äänne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon_(fonetik)" title="Fon (fonetik) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fon (fonetik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ово – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ово" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E5%85%83" title="音元 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="音元" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="單音 (語言學) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="單音 (語言學)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="語音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="語音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Distinct speech sound or gesture</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetics</a> (a branch of <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>), a <b>phone</b> is any distinct <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speech</a> <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gesture" title="Gesture">gesture</a>, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words. </p><p>In contrast, a <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> is a speech sound in a given language that, if swapped with another phoneme, could change one word to another. Phones are absolute and are not specific to any language, but phonemes can be discussed only in reference to specific languages. </p><p>For example, the English words <i>kid</i> and <i>kit</i> end with two distinct phonemes, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span>, and swapping one for the other would change one word into a different word. However, the difference between the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> sounds in <i>pun</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰ]</span>, with <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspiration</a>) and <i>spun</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span>, without aspiration) never affects the meaning or identity of a word in English. Therefore, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span> cannot be replaced with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰ]</span> (or vice versa) and thereby convert one word into another. This causes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span> to be two distinct phones but not distinct phonemes in English. </p><p>In contrast to English, swapping the same two sounds in <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> changes one word into another: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰal]</span> (<span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">फल</span></span>/<span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">پھل</span></span>) means 'fruit', and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pal]</span> (<span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">पल</span></span>/<span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">پل</span></span>) means 'moment'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIIL2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIIL2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span> are thus different phonemes in Hindustani but are not distinct phonemes in English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarry2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As seen in the examples, phonemes, rather than phones, are usually the features of speech that are mapped onto the characters of an <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the context of spoken languages, a phone is an unanalyzed sound of a language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoos1997_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoos1997-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A phone is a speech <a href="/wiki/Segment_(linguistics)" title="Segment (linguistics)">segment</a> that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties and serves as the basic unit of phonetic speech analysis. Phones are generally either <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> or <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcription</a> (based on phones) is enclosed within <a href="/wiki/Square_bracket" class="mw-redirect" title="Square bracket">square brackets</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>), rather than the <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slashes</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span>) of a phonemic transcription, (based on phonemes). Phones (and often also phonemes) are commonly represented by using symbols of the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). </p><p>For example, the English word <i>spin</i> consists of four phones, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n]</span> and so the word has the phonetic representation <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[spɪn]</span>. The word <i>pin</i> has three phones. Since its initial sound is <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a>, it can be represented as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰ]</span>, and the word's phonetic representation would then be <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰɪn]</span>. (The precise features shown in a phonetic representation depend on whether a <a href="/wiki/Broad_and_narrow_transcription" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad and narrow transcription">narrow or broad transcription</a> is used and which features the writer wishes to draw attention to in a particular context.) </p><p>When phones are considered to be realizations of the same phoneme, they are called <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a> of that phoneme (more information on the methods of making such assignments can be found under phoneme). In English, for example, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰ]</span> are considered allophones of a single phoneme, which is written <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span>. The phonemic transcriptions of those two words is thus <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/spɪn/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pɪn/</span>, and aspiration is then no longer shown since it is not <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_contrast" title="Phonemic contrast">distinctive</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connection_to_orthography">Connection to orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Connection to orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whether a direct mapping between phonemes and characters is achieved depends on the type of orthography used. Phonological orthographies like the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Spelling_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Spelling System">Indonesian orthography</a> tend to have one-to-one mappings of phonemes to characters, whereas alphabetic orthographies like the <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English orthography</a> tend to try to have direct mappings, but often end up mapping one phoneme to multiple characters. </p><p>In the examples above the characters enclosed in square brackets: "pʰ" and "p" are <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> representations of phones. The IPA unlike English and Indonesian is not a practical orthography and is used by linguists to obtain <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> of words in spoken languages and is therefore a strongly phonetically spelled system by design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phone#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:phone">phone</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emic_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Emic unit">Emic unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIIL2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIIL2008_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCIIL2008">CIIL (2008)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarry2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarry2006">Barry (2006)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoos1997-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoos1997_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoos1997">Loos (1997)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarry2006" class="citation book cs1">Barry, W. J. (2006). "Phoneme". In Brown, Keith (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics</i> (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 345–350. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00009-2">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00009-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-044854-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-044854-1"><bdi>978-0-08-044854-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phoneme&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Language+%26+Linguistics&rft.pages=345-350&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00009-2&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044854-1&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=W.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhone+%28phonetics%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrystal1971" class="citation book cs1">Crystal, David (1971). <i>Linguistics</i>. Baltimore: Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linguistics&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhone+%28phonetics%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoos1997" class="citation web cs1">Loos, Eugene E., ed. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015105109/http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/phone">"What is a phone?"</a>. <i>LinguaLinks: Glossary of linguistic terms</i>. SIL International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPhone.htm">the original</a> on 15 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LinguaLinks%3A+Glossary+of+linguistic+terms&rft.atitle=What+is+a+phone%3F&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.sil.org%2Flinguistics%2FglossaryOflinguisticTerms%2FWhatIsAPhone.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhone+%28phonetics%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIIL2008" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciil-lisindia.net/Urdu/urdu_struct.html">"Urdu: Structure of Language"</a>. <i>Language Information Service (LIS) – India</i>. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Language+Information+Service+%28LIS%29+%E2%80%93+India&rft.atitle=Urdu%3A+Structure+of+Language&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciil-lisindia.net%2FUrdu%2Furdu_struct.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhone+%28phonetics%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&oldid=1228321136">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phone_(phonetics)&oldid=1228321136</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phonetics" title="Category:Phonetics">Phonetics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phonology" title="Category:Phonology">Phonology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hindi-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hindi-language text">Articles containing Hindi-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Urdu-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Urdu-language text">Articles containing Urdu-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 June 2024, at 16:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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