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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">CCL2</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CC_chemokine_ligand_2" title="CC chemokine ligand 2 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="CC chemokine ligand 2" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="CCL2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein found in humans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the gene and protein. For CCL2, the FAA airport code, see <a href="/wiki/Candle_Lake_Airpark" title="Candle Lake Airpark">Candle Lake Airpark</a>. For CCl<sub>2</sub>, the diradical compound, see <a href="/wiki/Dichlorocarbene" title="Dichlorocarbene">Dichlorocarbene</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MCP-1" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/MCP1_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="MCP1 (disambiguation)">MCP1</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">CCL2</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_CCL2_PDB_1dok.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Protein_CCL2_PDB_1dok.png/250px-Protein_CCL2_PDB_1dok.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Protein_CCL2_PDB_1dok.png/375px-Protein_CCL2_PDB_1dok.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Protein_CCL2_PDB_1dok.png/500px-Protein_CCL2_PDB_1dok.png 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=Q62401%20or%20P13500">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:Q62401,P13500">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DOK">1DOK</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DOL">1DOL</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DOM">1DOM</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DON">1DON</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ML0">1ML0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2BDN">2BDN</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2NZ1">2NZ1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4DN4">4DN4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IFD">3IFD</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4R8I">4R8I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4ZK9">4ZK9</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/10618">CCL2</a></span>, GDCF-2, HC11, HSMCR30, MCAF, MCP-1, MCP1, SCYA2, SMC-CF, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/158105">158105</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:108224">108224</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=2245">2245</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CCL2">CCL2</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000108691">CCL2 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_17.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 17 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 17 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ideogram_human_chromosome_17.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_17.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ideogram_human_chromosome_17.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_17.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ideogram_human_chromosome_17.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_17.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_17_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 17 (human)">Chromosome 17 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_17_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 17 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 17 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Human_chromosome_17_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_17_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Human_chromosome_17_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_17_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Human_chromosome_17_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_17_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 115.62098820574px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CCL2"><img alt="Genomic location for CCL2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 121.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CCL2"><img alt="Genomic location for CCL2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">17q12</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">34,255,274 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">34,257,208 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 11 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 192.14663356202px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CCL2"><img alt="Genomic location for CCL2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 198.1px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CCL2"><img alt="Genomic location for CCL2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">11 C|11 49.9 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">81,992,671 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">81,994,226 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000108691">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">vena cava</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gallbladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">islet of Langerhans</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gastric mucosa</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">beta cell</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">rectum</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left uterine tube</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">smooth muscle tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">saphenous vein</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">epithelium of colon</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000035352">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">cervix</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right kidney</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">embryo</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">thymus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">subcutaneous adipose tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">aortic valve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">stroma of bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">dermis</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">efferent ductule</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">white adipose tissue</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000108691">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_CCL2_216598_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PBB_GE_CCL2_216598_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_CCL2_216598_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PBB_GE_CCL2_216598_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_CCL2_216598_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PBB_GE_CCL2_216598_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_CCL2_216598_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/6347/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005102">signaling receptor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004672">protein kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005125">cytokine activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008009">chemokine activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031727">CCR2 chemokine receptor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048020">CCR chemokine receptor binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005622">intracellular anatomical structure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043524">negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019079">viral genome replication</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000502">negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006468">protein phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007166">cell surface receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006959">humoral immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001525">angiogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070374">positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009887">animal organ morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019725">cellular homeostasis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0044344">cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043547">positive regulation of GTPase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006954">inflammatory response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007186">G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002548">monocyte chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007187">G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071407">cellular response to organic cyclic compound</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006935">chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007155">cell adhesion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006955">immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008360">regulation of cell shape</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031663">lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007259">receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009617">response to bacterium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043491">protein kinase B signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043615">astrocyte cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034351">negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0036499">PERK-mediated unfolded protein response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000165">MAPK cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0090280">positive regulation of calcium ion import</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007010">cytoskeleton organization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007165">signal transduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010469">regulation of signaling receptor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030593">neutrophil chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035684">helper T cell extravasation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048246">macrophage chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050870">positive regulation of T cell activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051770">positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070098">chemokine-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071222">cellular response to lipopolysaccharide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071346">cellular response to interferon-gamma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071347">cellular response to interleukin-1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071356">cellular response to tumor necrosis factor</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000427">positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019221">cytokine-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905563">negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000134">negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000353">positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048245">eosinophil chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048247">lymphocyte chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019233">sensory perception of pain</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051968">positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1904783">positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=6347&rn=1">6347</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=20293&rn=1">20293</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000108691;db=core">ENSG00000108691</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000035352;db=core">ENSMUSG00000035352</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500">P13500</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q62401">Q62401</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_002982">NM_002982</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_011331">NM_011331</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_002973">NP_002973</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_035461">NP_035461</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr17:34255274-34257208">Chr 17: 34.26 – 34.26 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr11:81992671-81994226">Chr 11: 81.99 – 81.99 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14885645" class="extiw" title="d:Q14885645">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14885646" class="extiw" title="d:Q14885646">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2</b> (CCL2) is also referred to as <b>monocyte chemoattractant protein 1</b> (MCP1) and <b>small inducible cytokine A2</b>. CCL2 is a small <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokine</a> that belongs to the <a href="/wiki/CC_chemokine" class="mw-redirect" title="CC chemokine">CC chemokine</a> family. CCL2 tightly regulates cellular mechanics<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34988399_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34988399-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thereby recruits <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory_T_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory T cells">memory T cells</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendritic cells">dendritic cells</a> to the sites of <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> produced by either tissue injury or <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8170963_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8170963-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid8830793_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8830793-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genomics">Genomics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCL2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genomics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">human genome</a>, CCL2 and many other CC chemokines are located on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_17" title="Chromosome 17">chromosome 17</a> (17q11.2-q21.1).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2004761_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2004761-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gene span is 1,927 bases and the CCL2 gene resides on the Watson (plus) strand. The CCL2 gene has three <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exons</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Intron" title="Intron">introns</a>. The CCL2 <a href="/wiki/Protein_precursor" title="Protein precursor">protein precursor</a> contains a signal peptide of 23 <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a>. In turn, the mature CCL2 is 76 amino acids long.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2465924_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2465924-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2923622_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2923622-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CCL2 predicted weight is 11.025 kilodaltons (kDa). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_genetics">Population genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCL2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Population genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In humans, the levels of CCL2 can vary considerably. In the white people of European descent, the multivariable-adjusted heritability of CCL2 concentrations is as much as 0.37 in the blood plasma and 0.44 - in the serum.<sup id="cite_ref-McDermott2005_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDermott2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bielinski2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bielinski2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Molecular_biology">Molecular biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCL2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Molecular biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CCL2 is a monomeric <a href="/wiki/Polypeptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypeptide">polypeptide</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Molecular_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular weight">molecular weight</a> of approximately 13-15 kDa depending on levels of <a href="/wiki/Glycosylation" title="Glycosylation">glycosylation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CCL2 is anchored in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells by <a href="/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan" title="Glycosaminoglycan">glycosaminoglycan</a> side chains of proteoglycans. CCL2 is primarily secreted by <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">dendritic cells</a>. Platelet derived growth factor is a major inducer of CCL2 gene. </p><p><a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CCR2</a> and <a href="/wiki/CCR4" title="CCR4">CCR4</a> are two cell surface receptors that bind CCL2.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17160712_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17160712-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCL2 exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils. However, it does not attract neutrophils or eosinophils. After deletion of the N-terminal residue, CCL2 loses its attractivity for basophils and becomes a chemoattractant of eosinophils. Basophils and mast cells that are treated with CCL2 release their granules to the intercellular space. This effect can be also potentiated by a pre-treatment with IL-3 or even by other cytokines.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8550082_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8550082-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1569397_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1569397-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CCL2 augments monocyte anti-tumor activity and it is essential for formation of granulomas. CCL2 protein become a <a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CCR2</a> antagonist when it is cleaved by <a href="/wiki/Metalloproteinase" title="Metalloproteinase">metalloproteinase</a> MMP-12.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCL2 can be found at the sites of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature <a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">osteoclasts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osteoblast" title="Osteoblast">osteoblasts</a> and it is under control of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). In the human osteoclasts, CCL2 and <a href="/wiki/RANTES" class="mw-redirect" title="RANTES">RANTES</a> (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted). Both MCP-1 and RANTES induce formation of <a href="/wiki/Tartrate_resistant_acid_phosphatase" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase">TRAP-positive</a>, multinuclear cells from M-CSF-treated monocytes in the absence of RANKL, but produced osteoclasts that lacked <a href="/wiki/Cathepsin_K" title="Cathepsin K">cathepsin K</a> expression and resorptive capacity. It is proposed that CCL2 and RANTES act as <a href="/wiki/Autocrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocrine">autocrine</a> loop in human osteoclast <a href="/wiki/Cell_differentiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell differentiation">differentiation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CCL2 chemokine is also expressed by neurons, astrocytes and microglia. The expression of CCL2 in neurons is mainly found in the cerebral cortex, globus pallidus, hippocampus, paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, substantia nigra, facial nuclei, motor and spinal trigeminal nuclei, gigantocellular reticular nucleus and in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum.<sup id="cite_ref-Banisadr_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banisadr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_importance">Clinical importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCL2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clinical importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CCL2 is implicated in pathogeneses of several diseases characterized by <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytic</a> infiltrates, such as <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Xia_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Administration of anti-CCL2 antibodies in a model of <a href="/wiki/Glomerulonephritis" title="Glomerulonephritis">glomerulonephritis</a> reduces infiltration of macrophages and T cells, reduces crescent formation, as well as scarring and renal impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyds_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyds-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCL2 is involved in the neuroinflammatory processes that takes place in the various diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), which are characterized by neuronal degeneration.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerard_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerard-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CCL2 expression in <a href="/wiki/Neuroglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroglia">glial cells</a> is increased in epilepsy,<sup id="cite_ref-Foresti_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foresti-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fabene_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabene-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> brain ischemia<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alzheimer's disease<sup id="cite_ref-Hickman_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hickman-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis" title="Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis">experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis</a> (EAE),<sup id="cite_ref-Ransohoff_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransohoff-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">traumatic brain injury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Semple_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Semple-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hypomethylation of CpG sites within the CCL2 promoter region is affected by high levels of blood glucose and TG, which increase CCL2 levels in the blood serum. The later plays an important role in the vascular complications of type 2 diabetes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21975431_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21975431-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCL2 induces <a href="/wiki/Amylin" title="Amylin">amylin</a> expression through <a href="/wiki/MAPK3" title="MAPK3">ERK1</a>/<a href="/wiki/MAPK1" title="MAPK1">ERK2</a>/<a href="/wiki/C-Jun_N-terminal_kinases" title="C-Jun N-terminal kinases">JNK</a>-<a href="/wiki/AP-1_(transcription_factor)" class="mw-redirect" title="AP-1 (transcription factor)">AP1</a> and <a href="/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a> related signaling pathways independent of <a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CCR2</a>. Amylin upregulation by CCL2 contributes to the elevation of the plasma amylin and insulin resistance in obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21589925_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21589925-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adipocyte" title="Adipocyte">Adipocytes</a> secrete various <a href="/wiki/Adipokine" title="Adipokine">adipokines</a> that may be involved in the negative cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. CCL2 impairs insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells via ERK1/2 activation at doses similar to its physiological plasma concentrations (200 pg/mL), but does not involve activation of the NF-κB pathway. CCL2 significantly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in <a href="/wiki/Myocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocyte">myocytes</a>. CCL2 may represent a molecular link in the negative cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle assigning a completely novel important role to CCL2 besides inflammation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16439461_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16439461-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Incubation of HL-1 <a href="/wiki/Cardiomyocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiomyocyte">cardiomyocytes</a> and human myocytes with oxidized-LDL induced the expression of <a href="/wiki/Brain_natriuretic_peptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain natriuretic peptide">BNP</a> and CCL2 genes, while native LDL (N-LDL) had no effect.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21900689_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21900689-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Treatment with melatonin in old mice with age related liver inflammation decreased the mRNA expression of <a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor-alpha">TNF-α</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL1B" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1B">IL-1β</a>, HO (<a href="/wiki/HMOX1" title="HMOX1">HO-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMOX2" title="HMOX2">HO-2</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase" title="Nitric oxide synthase">iNOS</a>, CCL2, <a href="/wiki/NFKB1" title="NFKB1">NF-κB1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFKB2" title="NFKB2">NF-κB2</a> and NKAP in old male mice. The protein expression of <a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor-alpha">TNF-α</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL1B" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1B">IL-1β</a> was also decreased and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">IL-10</a> increased with melatonin treatment. Exogenous administration of <a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">melatonin</a> was able to reduce inflammation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20817086_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20817086-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCL2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span 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Cell Physiology</i>. <b>302</b> (1): C165-77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpcell.00116.2011">10.1152/ajpcell.00116.2011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21900689">21900689</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9801961">9801961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology.+Cell+Physiology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+brain+natriuretic+peptide+and+monocyte+chemotactic+protein-1+gene+expression+by+oxidized+low-density+lipoprotein%3A+relevance+to+ischemic+heart+failure&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=C165-77&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9801961%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21900689&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fajpcell.00116.2011&rft.aulast=Chandrakala&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.au=Sukul%2C+D&rft.au=Selvarajan%2C+K&rft.au=Sai-Sudhakar%2C+C&rft.au=Sun%2C+B&rft.au=Parthasarathy%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACCL2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid20817086-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid20817086_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuestaKireevFormanGarcía2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cuesta S, Kireev R, Forman K, García C, Escames G, Ariznavarreta C, Vara E, Tresguerres JA (December 2010). "Melatonin improves inflammation processes in liver of senescence-accelerated prone male mice (SAMP8)". <i>Experimental Gerontology</i>. <b>45</b> (12): 950–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.exger.2010.08.016">10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20817086">20817086</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42491323">42491323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+Gerontology&rft.atitle=Melatonin+improves+inflammation+processes+in+liver+of+senescence-accelerated+prone+male+mice+%28SAMP8%29&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=950-6&rft.date=2010-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42491323%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20817086&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.exger.2010.08.016&rft.aulast=Cuesta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Kireev%2C+R&rft.au=Forman%2C+K&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa%2C+C&rft.au=Escames%2C+G&rft.au=Ariznavarreta%2C+C&rft.au=Vara%2C+E&rft.au=Tresguerres%2C+JA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACCL2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCL2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Human <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&singleSearch=knownCanonical&position=CCL2"><i>CCL2</i></a> genome location and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=CCL2"><i>CCL2</i></a> gene details page in the <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCL2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshimuraLeonard1991" class="citation book cs1">Yoshimura T, Leonard EJ (1991). "Human Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1)". <i>Chemotactic Cytokines</i>. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PDB_1dok_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1dok_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PDB_1dok_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1dok_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PDB_1dok_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1dok_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1dok</b>: MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN 1, P-FORM</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1dol_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1dol: MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN 1, I-FORM"><img alt="1dol: MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN 1, I-FORM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PDB_1dol_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1dol_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PDB_1dol_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1dol_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PDB_1dol_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1dol_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1dol</b>: MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN 1, I-FORM</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1dom_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1dom: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 DIMER USING HETERONUCLEAR, NMR, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE"><img alt="1dom: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 DIMER USING HETERONUCLEAR, NMR, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PDB_1dom_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1dom_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PDB_1dom_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1dom_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PDB_1dom_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1dom_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1dom</b>: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 DIMER USING HETERONUCLEAR, NMR, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1don_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1don: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 DIMER USING HETERONUCLEAR, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES"><img alt="1don: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 DIMER USING HETERONUCLEAR, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PDB_1don_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1don_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PDB_1don_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1don_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PDB_1don_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1don_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1don</b>: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 DIMER USING HETERONUCLEAR, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1ml0_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1ml0: VIRAL CHEMOKINE BINDING PROTEIN M3 FROM MURINE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS68 IN COMPLEX WITH THE P8A VARIANT OF CC-CHEMOKINE MCP-1"><img alt="1ml0: VIRAL CHEMOKINE BINDING PROTEIN M3 FROM MURINE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS68 IN COMPLEX WITH THE P8A VARIANT OF CC-CHEMOKINE MCP-1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PDB_1ml0_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1ml0_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PDB_1ml0_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1ml0_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PDB_1ml0_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1ml0_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1ml0</b>: VIRAL CHEMOKINE BINDING PROTEIN M3 FROM MURINE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS68 IN COMPLEX WITH THE P8A VARIANT OF CC-CHEMOKINE MCP-1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2bdn_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2bdn: Crystal structure of human MCP-1 bound to a blocking antibody, 11K2"><img alt="2bdn: Crystal structure of human MCP-1 bound to a blocking antibody, 11K2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/PDB_2bdn_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_2bdn_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/PDB_2bdn_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_2bdn_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/PDB_2bdn_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_2bdn_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2bdn</b>: Crystal structure of human MCP-1 bound to a blocking antibody, 11K2</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cell_signaling:_cytokines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokines" title="Template:Cytokines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cytokines" title="Template talk:Cytokines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cell_signaling:_cytokines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">Cell signaling</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemokine" title="Chemokine">Chemokine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CCL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCL1" title="CCL1">CCL1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CCL2</a>/MCP1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL3" title="CCL3">CCL3</a>/MIP1α</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL4" title="CCL4">CCL4</a>/MIP1β</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL5" title="CCL5">CCL5</a>/RANTES</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL6" title="CCL6">CCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL7" title="CCL7">CCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL8" title="CCL8">CCL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL9" title="CCL9">CCL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL11" title="CCL11">CCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL12" title="CCL12">CCL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL13" title="CCL13">CCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL14" title="CCL14">CCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL15" title="CCL15">CCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL16" title="CCL16">CCL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL17" title="CCL17">CCL17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL18" title="CCL18">CCL18</a>/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL19" title="CCL19">CCL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL20" title="CCL20">CCL20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL21" title="CCL21">CCL21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL22" title="CCL22">CCL22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL23" title="CCL23">CCL23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL24" title="CCL24">CCL24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL25" title="CCL25">CCL25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL26" title="CCL26">CCL26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_motif_chemokine_ligand_27" title="C-C motif chemokine ligand 27">CCL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL28" title="CCL28">CCL28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CXCL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CXCL1" title="CXCL1">CXCL1</a>/KC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL2" title="CXCL2">CXCL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL3" title="CXCL3">CXCL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet_factor_4" title="Platelet factor 4">CXCL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL5" title="CXCL5">CXCL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL6" title="CXCL6">CXCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL7" title="CXCL7">CXCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8" title="Interleukin 8">CXCL8/IL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL9" title="CXCL9">CXCL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL10" title="CXCL10">CXCL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL11" title="CXCL11">CXCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF-1_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF-1 (biology)">CXCL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL13" title="CXCL13">CXCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL14" title="CXCL14">CXCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL15" title="CXCL15">CXCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL16" title="CXCL16">CXCL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL17" title="CXCL17">CXCL17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CX3CL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CX3CL1" title="CX3CL1">CX3CL1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">XCL</th><td 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<li><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">TNFSF5/CD40LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_ligand" title="Fas ligand">TNFSF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD70" title="CD70">TNFSF7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD153" title="CD153">TNFSF8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-1BB_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="4-1BB ligand">TNFSF9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAIL" title="TRAIL">TNFSF10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANKL" title="RANKL">TNFSF11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_proliferation-inducing_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="A proliferation-inducing ligand">TNFSF13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">TNFSF13B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDA_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="EDA (gene)">EDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Type_I_cytokine_receptor" title="Type I cytokine receptor">Type I</a><br />(grouped by<br />receptor<br />subunit)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_gamma_chain" title="Common gamma chain">γ chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">IL2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_15" title="Interleukin 15">IL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL4</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">IL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_7" title="Interleukin 7">IL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_9" title="Interleukin 9">IL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_21" title="Interleukin 21">IL21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CSF2RB" title="CSF2RB">β chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_3" title="Interleukin 3">IL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">IL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor">GMCSF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IL6 like/<a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_130" title="Glycoprotein 130">gp130</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_11" title="Interleukin 11">IL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">IL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_30" title="Interleukin 30">IL30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_31" title="Interleukin 31">IL31</a> <ul><li>+non IL <a href="/wiki/Oncostatin_M" title="Oncostatin M">OSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">LIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiotrophin_1" title="Cardiotrophin 1">CTF1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IL12_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL12 family (page does not exist)">IL12 family</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">IL12RB1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12" title="Interleukin 12">IL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">IL23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">IL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_35" title="Interleukin 35">IL35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-taxilin" title="Alpha-taxilin">IL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_16" title="Interleukin 16">IL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_32" title="Interleukin 32">IL32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_34" title="Interleukin 34">IL34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Type_II_cytokine_receptor" title="Type II cytokine receptor">Type II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IL10_family" class="mw-redirect" title="IL10 family">IL10 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">IL10</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_22" title="Interleukin 22">IL22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_19" title="Interleukin 19">IL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20" title="Interleukin 20">IL20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_24" title="Interleukin 24">IL24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_26" title="Interleukin 26">IL26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_III" title="Interferon type III">Interferon type III</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_28" title="Interleukin 28">IL28/IFNL2+3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_29" title="Interleukin 29">IL29/IFNL1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">Interferon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_I" title="Interferon type I">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alpha 1">IFNA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA2" title="IFNA2">IFNA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA4" title="IFNA4">IFNA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA5" title="IFNA5">IFNA5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA6" title="IFNA6">IFNA6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA7" title="IFNA7">IFNA7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA8" title="IFNA8">IFNA8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA10" title="IFNA10">IFNA10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA13" title="IFNA13">IFNA13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA14" title="IFNA14">IFNA14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA16" title="IFNA16">IFNA16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA17" title="IFNA17">IFNA17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA21" title="IFNA21">IFNA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNB1" title="IFNB1">IFNB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNK" title="IFNK">IFNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNW1" title="IFNW1">IFNW1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon type II">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">IFNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily" title="Immunoglobulin superfamily">Ig superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 family">IL1 family</a>: <a href="/wiki/IL1A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1A">IL1A/IL1F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_beta" title="Interleukin 1 beta">IL1B/IL1F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist">1Ra/IL1F3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F5" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F5">IL1F5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL36A" title="IL36A">IL1F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F7" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F7">IL1F7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL36B" title="IL36B">IL1F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F9" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F9">IL1F9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F10" title="IL1F10">IL1F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_33" title="Interleukin 33">33/IL1F11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_18" title="Interleukin 18">18/IL1G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IL17_family" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17 family">IL17 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">IL17</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_25" title="Interleukin 25">IL25</a> (<a href="/wiki/IL17A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17A">IL17A</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoietic">Hematopoietic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">KITLG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopontin" title="Osteopontin">SPP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage_migration_inhibitory_factor" title="Macrophage migration inhibitory factor">MIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function/<br />cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proinflammatory_cytokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Proinflammatory cytokine">proinflammatory cytokine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1">IL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor alpha">TNFA</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monokine" title="Monokine">Monokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphokine" title="Lymphokine">Lymphokine</a> <ul><li><i>T<sub>h</sub>1</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">IFNγ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor beta">TNFβ</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>T<sub>h</sub>2</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">IL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">IL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">IL13</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chemokine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chemokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Chemokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chemokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Chemokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chemokine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chemokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chemokine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chemokine_receptor" title="Chemokine receptor">Chemokine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CC_chemokine_receptors" title="CC chemokine receptors">CC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR1" title="CCR1">CCR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL4" title="CCL4">CCL4 (MIP-1β)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL5" title="CCL5">CCL5 (RANTES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL6" title="CCL6">CCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL9" title="CCL9">CCL9 (CCL10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL14" title="CCL14">CCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL15" title="CCL15">CCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL16" title="CCL16">CCL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL23" title="CCL23">CCL23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CCR2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CCL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL8" title="CCL8">CCL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL12" title="CCL12">CCL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL16" title="CCL16">CCL16</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>NAMs:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cenicriviroc" title="Cenicriviroc">Cenicriviroc (TAK-652, TBR-652)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR3_(gene)" title="CCR3 (gene)">CCR3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL5" title="CCL5">CCL5 (RANTES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL7" title="CCL7">CCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL11" title="CCL11">CCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL13" title="CCL13">CCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL15" title="CCL15">CCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL18" title="CCL18">CCL18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL24" title="CCL24">CCL24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL26" title="CCL26">CCL26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL28" title="CCL28">CCL28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR4" title="CCR4">CCR4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL3" title="CCL3">CCL3 (MIP-1α)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL5" title="CCL5">CCL5 (RANTES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL17" title="CCL17">CCL17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL22" title="CCL22">CCL22</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mogamulizumab" title="Mogamulizumab">Mogamulizumab</a> (against CCR4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR5" title="CCR5">CCR5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL3" title="CCL3">CCL3 (MIP-1α)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL4" title="CCL4">CCL4 (MIP-1β)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL5" title="CCL5">CCL5 (RANTES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL8" title="CCL8">CCL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL11" title="CCL11">CCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL13" title="CCL13">CCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL14" title="CCL14">CCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL16" title="CCL16">CCL16</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>NAMs:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aplaviroc" title="Aplaviroc">Aplaviroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenicriviroc" title="Cenicriviroc">Cenicriviroc (TAK-652, TBR-652)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INCB009471&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INCB009471 (page does not exist)">INCB009471</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraviroc" title="Maraviroc">Maraviroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicriviroc" title="Vicriviroc">Vicriviroc</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/PRO_140" class="mw-redirect" title="PRO 140">PRO-140</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR6" class="mw-redirect" title="CCR6">CCR6</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL20" title="CCL20">CCL20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR7" class="mw-redirect" title="CCR7">CCR7</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL19" title="CCL19">CCL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL21" title="CCL21">CCL21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR8" class="mw-redirect" title="CCR8">CCR8</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL1" title="CCL1">CCL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL16" title="CCL16">CCL16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR9" title="CCR9">CCR9</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL25" title="CCL25">CCL25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR10" title="CCR10">CCR10</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/C-C_motif_chemokine_ligand_27" title="C-C motif chemokine ligand 27">CCL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL28" title="CCL28">CCL28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCR11" class="mw-redirect" title="CCR11">CCR11</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CCL19" title="CCL19">CCL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL21" title="CCL21">CCL21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL25" title="CCL25">CCL25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bertilimumab" title="Bertilimumab">Bertilimumab</a> (against CCL11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlumab" title="Carlumab">Carlumab</a> (against CCL2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CXC_chemokine_receptors" title="CXC chemokine receptors">CXC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CXCR1" class="mw-redirect" title="CXCR1">CXCR1<br /><small>(IL-8Rα)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CXCL6" title="CXCL6">CXCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emoctakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emoctakin (page does not exist)">Emoctakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-8">Interleukin-8 (CXCL8, GCP-1)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navarixin (page does not exist)">Navarixin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>NAMs:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladarixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladarixin (page does not exist)">Ladarixin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reparixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reparixin (page does not exist)">Reparixin (repertaxin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CXCR2" class="mw-redirect" title="CXCR2">CXCR2<br /><small>(IL-8Rβ)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CXCL1" title="CXCL1">CXCL1 (MGSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL2" title="CXCL2">CXCL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL3" title="CXCL3">CXCL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL5" title="CXCL5">CXCL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL6" title="CXCL6">CXCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL7" title="CXCL7">CXCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emoctakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emoctakin (page does not exist)">Emoctakin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garnocestim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garnocestim (page does not exist)">Garnocestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-8">Interleukin-8 (CXCL8, GCP-1)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danirixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danirixin (page does not exist)">Danirixin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elubrixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elubrixin (page does not exist)">Elubrixin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navarixin (page does not exist)">Navarixin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>NAMs:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladarixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladarixin (page does not exist)">Ladarixin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reparixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reparixin (page does not exist)">Reparixin (repertaxin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CXCR3" title="CXCR3">CXCR3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CXCL4" class="mw-redirect" title="CXCL4">CXCL4 (PF4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL9" title="CXCL9">CXCL9 (MIG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL10" title="CXCL10">CXCL10 (IP-10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL11" title="CXCL11">CXCL11 (I-TAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iroplact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iroplact (page does not exist)">Iroplact</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eldelumab" title="Eldelumab">Eldelumab</a> (against CXCL10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CXCR4" title="CXCR4">CXCR4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Macrophage_migration_inhibitory_factor" title="Macrophage migration inhibitory factor">MIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromal_cell-derived_factor_1" title="Stromal cell-derived factor 1">SDF-1 (CXCL12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitin" title="Ubiquitin">Ubiquitin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mavorixafor" title="Mavorixafor">Mavorixafor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plerixafor" title="Plerixafor">Plerixafor (AMD3100)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ulocuplumab" title="Ulocuplumab">Ulocuplumab</a> (against CXCR4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CXCR5" title="CXCR5">CXCR5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CXCL13" title="CXCL13">CXCL13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CXCR6" title="CXCR6">CXCR6</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CXCL16" title="CXCL16">CXCL16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/ACKR3" title="ACKR3">CXCR7</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Conolidine" title="Conolidine">Conolidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL11" title="CXCL11">CXCL11 (I-TAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCX771&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCX771 (page does not exist)">CCX771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIH383" title="LIH383">LIH383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-5152-12" title="RTI-5152-12">RTI-5152-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromal_cell-derived_factor_1" title="Stromal cell-derived factor 1">SDF-1 (CXCL12)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VUF15485&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VUF15485 (page does not exist)">VUF15485</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>PAMs:</i> <a href="/wiki/Plerixafor" title="Plerixafor">Plerixafor (AMD3100)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/C_chemokine_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="C chemokine receptor">C (XC)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XCR1" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/XCR1" title="XCR1">XCR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/XCL1" title="XCL1">Lymphotactin-α (XCL1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCL2" title="XCL2">Lymphotactin-β (XCL2)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pateclizumab" title="Pateclizumab">Pateclizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CX3C_motif_chemokine_receptor_1" title="CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1">CX3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="CX3CR1" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CX3C_motif_chemokine_receptor_1" title="CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1">CX3CR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fractalkine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fractalkine">Fractalkine (CX3CL1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CCBP2" title="CCBP2">CCBP2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/CC_chemokine" class="mw-redirect" title="CC chemokine">CC (β) chemokines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CMKLR1" title="CMKLR1">CMKLR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Chemerin" title="Chemerin">Chemerin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolvin_E1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolvin E1 (page does not exist)">Resolvin E1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CCL2&oldid=1255139535">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CCL2&oldid=1255139535</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_17" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 17">Genes on human chromosome 17</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cytokines" 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