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href="#Related_standards_and_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Related standards and documents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_standards_and_documents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related standards and documents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_standards_and_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IEC_60958" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IEC_60958"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>IEC 60958</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IEC_60958-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AES-2id" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AES-2id"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>AES-2id</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AES-2id-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_connections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_connections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hardware connections</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware_connections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hardware connections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware_connections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IEC_60958_type_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IEC_60958_type_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>IEC 60958 type I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IEC_60958_type_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IEC_60958_type_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IEC_60958_type_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>IEC 60958 type II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IEC_60958_type_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BNC_connector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BNC_connector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>BNC connector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BNC_connector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protocol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Protocol</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Protocol-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Protocol subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Protocol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synchronisation_preamble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synchronisation_preamble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Synchronisation preamble</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synchronisation_preamble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_status_word" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_status_word"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Channel status word</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_status_word-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">AES3</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="AES/EBU" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES3" title="AES3 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="AES3" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES/EBU" title="AES/EBU – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="AES/EBU" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES3" title="AES3 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="AES3" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES/EBU" title="AES/EBU – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="AES/EBU" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES3" title="AES3 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="AES3" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES/EBU" title="AES/EBU – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="AES/EBU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES/EBU" title="AES/EBU – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="AES/EBU" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES3" title="AES3 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="AES3" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES/EBU" title="AES/EBU – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="AES/EBU" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES3" title="AES3 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="AES3" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_(protocolo)" title="AES (protocolo) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="AES (protocolo)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES3" title="AES3 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="AES3" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional digital audio interface standard</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>AES3</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">standard</a> for the exchange of <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> signals between <a href="/wiki/Professional_audio" title="Professional audio">professional audio</a> devices. An AES3 signal can carry two channels of <a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">pulse-code-modulated digital audio</a> over several <a href="/wiki/Transmission_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission media">transmission media</a> including <a href="/wiki/Balanced_line" title="Balanced line">balanced lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unbalanced_line" title="Unbalanced line">unbalanced lines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AES-EBU-3250-E_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AES-EBU-3250-E-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AES3 was jointly developed by the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a> (AES) and the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU) and so is also known as <b>AES/EBU</b>. The standard was first published in 1985 and was revised in 1992 and 2003. AES3 has been incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a>'s standard <b>IEC 60958</b>, and is available in a consumer-grade variant known as <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_development">History and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of standards for <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> interconnect for both professional and domestic audio equipment, began in the late 1970s<sup id="cite_ref-AES-standards-history_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AES-standards-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a joint effort between the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcasting Union, and culminated in the publishing of AES3 in 1985. The AES3 standard has been revised in 1992 and 2003 and is published in AES and EBU versions.<sup id="cite_ref-AES-EBU-3250-E_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AES-EBU-3250-E-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early on, the standard was frequently known as AES/EBU. </p><p>Variants using different physical connections are specified in IEC 60958. These are essentially consumer versions of AES3 for use within the domestic <a href="/wiki/High_fidelity" title="High fidelity">high fidelity</a> environment using connectors more commonly found in the consumer market. These variants are commonly known as S/PDIF. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_standards_and_documents">Related standards and documents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Related standards and documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IEC_60958">IEC 60958</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: IEC 60958"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>IEC 60958</b> (formerly IEC 958) is the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">standard</a> on <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio interface">digital audio interfaces</a>. It reproduces the AES3 professional digital audio interconnect standard and the consumer version of the same, <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a>. </p><p>The standard consists of several parts: </p> <ul><li>IEC 60958-1: General</li> <li>IEC 60958-2: Software Information Delivery Mode</li> <li>IEC 60958-3: Consumer applications</li> <li>IEC 60958-4: Professional applications</li> <li>IEC 60958-5: Consumer application enhancement</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AES-2id">AES-2id</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: AES-2id"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>AES-2id</b> is an AES information document published by the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for digital audio engineering—Guidelines for the use of the AES3 interface. This document provides guidelines for the use of AES3, AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering, Serial transmission format for two-channel linearly represented digital audio data. This document also covers the description of related standards used in conjunction with AES3 such as <a href="/wiki/AES11" title="AES11">AES11</a>. The full details of AES-2id can be studied in the standards section of the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a> web site<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by downloading copies of the AES-2id document as a PDF file. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware_connections">Hardware connections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hardware connections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AES3 standard parallels part 4 of the international standard IEC 60958. Of the physical interconnection types defined by IEC 60958, two are in common use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IEC_60958_type_I">IEC 60958 type I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: IEC 60958 type I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xlr-connectors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Xlr-connectors.jpg/220px-Xlr-connectors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Xlr-connectors.jpg/330px-Xlr-connectors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Xlr-connectors.jpg/440px-Xlr-connectors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>XLR connectors, used for IEC 60958 type I connections.</figcaption></figure> <p>Type I connections use <a href="/wiki/Balanced" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanced">balanced</a>, three-conductor, 110-ohm <a href="/wiki/Twisted_pair" title="Twisted pair">twisted pair</a> cabling with <a href="/wiki/XLR_connector" title="XLR connector">XLR connectors</a>. Type I connections are most often used in professional installations and are considered the standard connector for AES3. The hardware interface is usually implemented using <a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a> line drivers and receivers. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Type I connector ends </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Cable end </th> <th>Device end </th></tr> <tr> <th>Input </th> <td>XLR male plug </td> <td>XLR female jack </td></tr> <tr> <th>Output </th> <td>XLR female plug </td> <td>XLR male jack </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IEC_60958_type_II">IEC 60958 type II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: IEC 60958 type II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IEC 60958 Type II defines an unbalanced electrical or optical interface for <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> applications. The precursor of the IEC 60958 Type II specification was the Sony/Philips Digital Interface, or <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a>. Both were based on the original AES/EBU work. S/PDIF and AES3 are interchangeable at the protocol level, but at the physical level, they specify different electrical signalling levels and <a href="/wiki/Impedance_matching" title="Impedance matching">impedances</a>, which may be significant in some applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BNC_connector">BNC connector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: BNC connector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BNC_connector_20050720_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BNC_connector_20050720_001.jpg/220px-BNC_connector_20050720_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BNC_connector_20050720_001.jpg/330px-BNC_connector_20050720_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BNC_connector_20050720_001.jpg/440px-BNC_connector_20050720_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>BNC connector, used for AES-3id connections.</figcaption></figure> <p>AES/EBU signals can also be run using unbalanced BNC connectors a with a 75-ohm coaxial cable. The unbalanced version has a very long transmission distance as opposed to the 150 meters maximum for the balanced version.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AES-3id standard defines a 75-ohm <a href="/wiki/BNC_connector" title="BNC connector">BNC</a> electrical variant of AES3. This uses the same cabling, patching and infrastructure as analogue or digital video, and is thus common in the broadcast industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protocol">Protocol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SPDIF_AES_EBU_protocol_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/SPDIF_AES_EBU_protocol_colored.svg/300px-SPDIF_AES_EBU_protocol_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/SPDIF_AES_EBU_protocol_colored.svg/450px-SPDIF_AES_EBU_protocol_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/SPDIF_AES_EBU_protocol_colored.svg/600px-SPDIF_AES_EBU_protocol_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="2215" /></a><figcaption>Simple representation of the protocol for both AES3 and S/PDIF</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>The low-level protocol for data transmission in AES3 and S/PDIF is largely identical, and the following discussion applies for S/PDIF, except as noted.</i></dd></dl> <p>AES3 was designed primarily to support stereo <a href="/wiki/PCM" class="mw-redirect" title="PCM">PCM</a> encoded audio in either <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio tape">DAT</a> format at 48 kHz or <a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a> format at 44.1 kHz. No attempt was made to use a carrier able to support both rates; instead, AES3 allows the data to be run at <i>any</i> rate, and encoding the clock and the data together using <a href="/wiki/Biphase_mark_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Biphase mark code">biphase mark code</a> (BMC). </p><p>Each bit occupies one <i>time slot</i>. Each audio sample (of up to 24 bits) is combined with four flag bits and a synchronisation preamble which is four time slots long to make a <i>subframe</i> of 32 time slots. The 32 time slots of each subframe are assigned as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>AES3 subframe </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Time slot </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>0–3 </td> <td>Preamble </td> <td>A synchronisation preamble (biphase mark code violation) for audio blocks, frames, and subframes. </td></tr> <tr> <td>4–7 </td> <td>Auxiliary sample (optional) </td> <td>A low-quality auxiliary channel used as specified in the channel status word, notably for producer <a href="/wiki/Talkback_(recording)" title="Talkback (recording)">talkback</a> or <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">recording studio</a>-to-studio communication. </td></tr> <tr> <td>8–27, or 4–27 </td> <td>Audio sample </td> <td>One sample stored with <a href="/wiki/Most_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Most significant bit">most significant bit</a> (MSB) last. If the auxiliary sample is used, bits 4–7 are not included. Data with smaller sample bit depths always have MSB at bit 27 and are zero-extended towards the <a href="/wiki/Least_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Least significant bit">least significant bit</a> (LSB). </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td>Validity (V) </td> <td>Unset if the audio data are correct and suitable for D/A conversion. During the presence of defective samples, the receiving equipment may be instructed to mute its output. It is used by most CD players to indicate that concealment rather than error correction is taking place. </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td>User data (U) </td> <td>Forms a serial data stream for each channel (with 1 bit per frame), with a format specified in the channel status word. </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>Channel status (C) </td> <td>Bits from each frame of an audio block are collated giving a 192-bit channel status word. Its structure depends on whether AES3 or <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a> is used. </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td>Parity (P) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Even_parity" class="mw-redirect" title="Even parity">Even parity</a> bit for detection of errors in data transmission. Excludes preamble; Bits 4–31 have an even number of ones. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two subframes (A and B, normally used for left and right audio channels) make a <b>frame</b>. Frames contain 64 bit periods and are produced once per audio sample period. At the highest level, each 192 consecutive frames are grouped into an <i>audio block</i>. While samples repeat each frame time, metadata is only transmitted once per audio block. At 48 kHz sample rate, there are 250 audio blocks per second, and 3,072,000 time slots per second supported by a 6.144 MHz biphase clock.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synchronisation_preamble">Synchronisation preamble</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Synchronisation preamble"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The synchronisation preamble is a specially coded <i>preamble</i> that identifies the subframe and its position within the audio block. Preambles are not normal BMC-encoded data bits, although they do still have zero <a href="/wiki/DC_bias" title="DC bias">DC bias</a>. </p><p>Three preambles are possible: </p> <ul><li>X (or M) : 11100010<sub>2</sub> if previous time slot was <i>0</i>, 00011101<sub>2</sub> if it was <i>1</i>. (Equivalently, 10010011<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/NRZI" class="mw-redirect" title="NRZI">NRZI</a> encoded.) Marks a word for channel A (left), other than at the start of an audio block.</li> <li>Y (or W) : 11100100<sub>2</sub> if previous time slot was <i>0</i>, 00011011<sub>2</sub> if it was <i>1</i>. (Equivalently, 10010110<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/NRZI" class="mw-redirect" title="NRZI">NRZI</a> encoded.) Marks a word for channel B (right).</li> <li>Z (or B) : 11101000<sub>2</sub> if previous time slot was <i>0</i>, 00010111<sub>2</sub> if it was <i>1</i>. (Equivalently, 10011100<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/NRZI" class="mw-redirect" title="NRZI">NRZI</a> encoded.) Marks a word for channel A (left) at the start of an audio block.</li></ul> <p>The three preambles are called X, Y, Z in the AES3 standard; and M, W, B in IEC 958 (an AES extension). </p><p>The 8-bit preambles are transmitted in the time allocated to the first four time slots of each subframe (time slots 0 to 3). Any of the three marks the beginning of a subframe. X or Z marks the beginning of a frame, and Z marks the beginning of an audio block. </p> <pre> | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Time slots _____ _ _____ _ / \_____/ \_/ \_____/ \_/ \ Preamble X _____ _ ___ ___ / \___/ \___/ \_____/ \_/ \ Preamble Y _____ _ _ _____ / \_/ \_____/ \_____/ \_/ \ Preamble Z ___ ___ ___ ___ / \___/ \___/ \___/ \___/ \ All 0 bits BMC encoded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \ All 1 bits BMC encoded | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Time slots </pre> <p>In two-channel AES3, the preambles form a pattern of ZYXYXYXY..., but it is straightforward to extend this structure to additional channels (more subframes per frame), each with a Y preamble, as is done in the <a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a> protocol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channel_status_word">Channel status word</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Channel status word"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is one channel status bit in each subframe, a total of 192 bits or 24 bytes for each channel in each block. Between the AES3 and S/PDIF standards, the contents of the 192-bit channel status word differ significantly, although they agree that the first channel status bit distinguishes between the two. In the case of AES3, the standard describes, in detail, the function of each bit.<sup id="cite_ref-AES-EBU-3250-E_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AES-EBU-3250-E-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Byte 0: Basic control data: sample rate, compression, emphasis <ul><li>bit 0: A value of 1 indicates this is AES3 channel status data. 0 indicates this is S/PDIF data.</li> <li>bit 1: A value of 0 indicates this is linear audio PCM data. A value of 1 indicates other (usually non-audio) data.</li> <li>bits 2–4: Indicates the type of signal <a href="/wiki/Preemphasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Preemphasis">preemphasis</a> applied to the data. Generally set to 100<sub>2</sub> (none).</li> <li>bit 5: A value of 0 indicates that the source is locked to some (unspecified) external time sync. A value of 1 indicates an unlocked source.</li> <li>bits 6–7: Sample rate. These bits are redundant when real-time audio is transmitted (the receiver can observe the sample rate directly), but are useful if AES3 data is recorded or otherwise stored. Options are unspecified, 48 kHz (the default), 44.1 kHz, and 32 kHz. Additional sample rate options may be indicated in the <i>extended sample rate</i> field (see below).</li></ul></li> <li>Byte 1: indicates if the audio stream is stereo, mono or some other combination. <ul><li>bits 0–3: Indicates the relationship of the two channels; they might be unrelated audio data, a stereo pair, duplicated mono data, music and voice commentary, a stereo sum/difference code.</li> <li>bits 4–7: Used to indicate the format of the user channel word</li></ul></li> <li>Byte 2: Audio word length <ul><li>bits 0–2: Aux bits usage. This indicates how the aux bits (time slots 4–7) are used. Generally set to 000<sub>2</sub> (unused) or 001<sub>2</sub> (used for 24-bit audio data).</li> <li>bits 3–5: Word length. Specifies the sample size, relative to the 20- or 24-bit maximum. Can specify 0, 1, 2 or 4 missing bits. Unused bits are filled with 0, but audio processing functions such as mixing will generally fill them in with valid data without changing the effective word length.</li> <li>bits 6–7: Unused</li></ul></li> <li>Byte 3: Used only for multichannel applications<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (June 2020)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Byte 4: Additional sample rate information<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (June 2020)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li>bits 0–1: Indicates the grade of the sample rate reference, per <a href="/wiki/AES11" title="AES11">AES11</a></li> <li>bit 2: Reserved</li> <li>bits 3–6: Extended sample rate. This indicates other sample rates, not representable in byte 0 bits 6–7. Values are assigned for 24, 96, and 192 kHz, as well as 22.05, 88.2, and 176.4 kHz.</li> <li>bit 7: Sampling frequency scaling flag. If set, indicates that the sample rate is multiplied by 1/1.001 to match <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> video frame rates.</li></ul></li> <li>Byte 5: Reserved</li> <li>Bytes 6–9: Four <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> characters for indicating channel origin. Widely used in large studios.</li> <li>Bytes 10–13: Four ASCII characters indicating channel destination, to control automatic switchers. Less often used.</li> <li>Bytes 14–17: 32-bit sample address, incrementing block-to-block by 192 (because there are 192 frames per block). At 48 kHz, this wraps approximately every day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bytes 18–21: 32-bit sample address offset to indicate samples since midnight.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Byte 22: Channel status word reliability indication <ul><li>bits 0–3: Reserved</li> <li>bit 4: If set, bytes 0–5 (signal format) are unreliable.</li> <li>bit 5: If set, bytes 6–13 (channel labels) are unreliable.</li> <li>bit 6: If set, bytes 14–17 (sample address) are unreliable.</li> <li>bit 7: If set, bytes 18–21 (timestamp) are unreliable.</li></ul></li> <li>Byte 23: <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check" title="Cyclic redundancy check">CRC</a>. This byte is used to detect corruption of the channel status word, as might be caused by switching mid-block.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embedded_timecode">Embedded timecode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Embedded timecode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_timecode" title="SMPTE timecode">SMPTE timecode</a> data can be embedded within AES3 signals. It can be used for <a href="/wiki/Synchronization" title="Synchronization">synchronization</a> and for logging and identifying audio content. It is embedded as a 32-bit binary word in bytes 18 to 21 of the channel status data.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/AES11" title="AES11">AES11</a> standard provides information on the synchronization of digital audio structures.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>the <a href="/wiki/AES52" title="AES52">AES52</a> standard describes how to insert unique identifiers into an AES3 bit stream.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SMPTE_2110">SMPTE 2110</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: SMPTE 2110"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_2110" title="SMPTE 2110">SMPTE 2110</a>-31 defines how to encapsulate an AES3 data stream in <a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">Real-time Transport Protocol</a> packets for transmission over an IP network using the SMPTE 2110 IP based multicast framework.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SMPTE_302M">SMPTE 302M</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: SMPTE 302M"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMPTE_302M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMPTE 302M (page does not exist)">SMPTE 302M</a>-2007 defines how to encapsulate an AES3 data stream in an <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a> for television applications.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_formats">Other formats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AES3 digital audio format can also be carried over an <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode" title="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">Asynchronous Transfer Mode</a> network. The standard for packing AES3 frames into ATM cells is <a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">AES47</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a> – Multichannel optical digital audio interface</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exactly 24 h 51 min 18.485333 s</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Generator polynomial is <i>x</i><sup>8</sup> + <i>x</i><sup>4</sup> + <i>x</i><sup>3</sup> + <i>x</i><sup>2</sup> + 1, preset to 1.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AES-EBU-3250-E-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AES-EBU-3250-E_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AES-EBU-3250-E_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AES-EBU-3250-E_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3250.pdf">"Specification of the AES/EBU digital audio interface (The AES/EBU interface)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Broadcast Union. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Specification+of+the+AES%2FEBU+digital+audio+interface+%28The+AES%2FEBU+interface%29&rft.pub=European+Broadcast+Union&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftech.ebu.ch%2Fdocs%2Ftech%2Ftech3250.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AES-standards-history-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AES-standards-history_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aes.org/standards/about/">"About AES Standards"</a>. Audio Engineering Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-07</span></span>. <q>In 1977, stimulated by the growing need for standards in digital audio, the AES Digital Audio Standards Committee was formed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+AES+Standards&rft.pub=Audio+Engineering+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aes.org%2Fstandards%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aes.org">AES Official Site</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/">Standards web site</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Emmett1995" class="citation cs2">John Emmett (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/other/aes-ebu-eg.pdf"><i>Engineering Guidelines: the EBU/AES Digital Audio Interface</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+Guidelines%3A+the+EBU%2FAES+Digital+Audio+Interface&rft.pub=European+Broadcasting+Union&rft.date=1995&rft.au=John+Emmett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftech.ebu.ch%2Fdocs%2Fother%2Faes-ebu-eg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin2004" class="citation web cs1">Robin, Michael (1 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709235416/http://broadcastengineering.com/mag/broadcasting_aesebu_digital_audio/">"The AES/EBU digital audio signal distribution standard"</a>. Broadcastengineering.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadcastengineering.com/mag/broadcasting_aesebu_digital_audio/">the original</a> on 2012-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+AES%2FEBU+digital+audio+signal+distribution+standard&rft.pub=Broadcastengineering.com&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.aulast=Robin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbroadcastengineering.com%2Fmag%2Fbroadcasting_aesebu_digital_audio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3250.pdf">"Specification of the AES/EBU digital audio interface (The AES/EBU interface)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Broadcast Union. 2004. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-07</span></span>. <q>Bytes 18 to 21, Bits 0 to 7: Time of day sample address code. Value (each Byte): 32-bit binary value representing the first sample of current block. LSBs are transmitted first. Default value shall be logic "0". Note: This is the time-of-day laid down during the source encoding of the signal and shall remain unchanged during subsequent operations. A value of all zeros for the binary sample address code shall, for the purposes of transcoding to real time, or to time codes in particular, be taken as midnight (i.e., 00 h, 00 min, 00 s, 00 frame). Transcoding of the binary number to any conventional time code requires accurate sampling frequency information to provide the sample accurate time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Specification+of+the+AES%2FEBU+digital+audio+interface+%28The+AES%2FEBU+interface%29&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=European+Broadcast+Union&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftech.ebu.ch%2Fdocs%2Ftech%2Ftech3250.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatcliff1999" class="citation book cs1">Ratcliff, John (1999). <i>Timecode: A user's guide</i>. Focal Press. pp. 226, 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-51539-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-240-51539-0"><bdi>0-240-51539-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timecode%3A+A+user%27s+guide&rft.pages=226%2C+228&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-240-51539-0&rft.aulast=Ratcliff&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=18"><i>AES11-2009 (r2019): AES recommended practice for digital audio engineering - Synchronization of digital audio equipment in studio operations</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a>, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AES11-2009+%28r2019%29%3A+AES+recommended+practice+for+digital+audio+engineering+-+Synchronization+of+digital+audio+equipment+in+studio+operations&rft.pub=Audio+Engineering+Society&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aes.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2Fsearch.cfm%3FdocID%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=48"><i>AES52-2006 (r2017): AES standard for digital audio engineering - Insertion of unique identifiers into the AES3 transport stream</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a>, 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AES52-2006+%28r2017%29%3A+AES+standard+for+digital+audio+engineering+-+Insertion+of+unique+identifiers+into+the+AES3+transport+stream&rft.pub=Audio+Engineering+Society&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aes.org%2Fpublications%2Fstandards%2Fsearch.cfm%3FdocID%3D48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815052110/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8454952">"ST 2110-31:2018 - SMPTE Standard - Professional Media Over Managed IP Networks: AES3 Transparent Transport"</a>, <i>St 2110-31:2018</i>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>12, August 2018, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5594%2FSMPTE.ST2110-31.2018">10.5594/SMPTE.ST2110-31.2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68303-151-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68303-151-2"><bdi>978-1-68303-151-2</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8454952">the original</a> on August 15, 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St+2110-31%3A2018&rft.atitle=ST+2110-31%3A2018+-+SMPTE+Standard+-+Professional+Media+Over+Managed+IP+Networks%3A+AES3+Transparent+Transport&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2018-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5594%2FSMPTE.ST2110-31.2018&rft.isbn=978-1-68303-151-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F8454952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603232324/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291632/">"ST 302:2007 - SMPTE Standard - For Television — Mapping of AES3 Data into an MPEG-2 Transport Stream"</a>, <i>St 302:2007</i>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>9, October 2007, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5594%2FSMPTE.ST302.2007">10.5594/SMPTE.ST302.2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68303-151-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68303-151-2"><bdi>978-1-68303-151-2</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291632">the original</a> on June 3, 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St+302%3A2007&rft.atitle=ST+302%3A2007+-+SMPTE+Standard+-+For+Television+%E2%80%94+Mapping+of+AES3+Data+into+an+MPEG-2+Transport+Stream&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5594%2FSMPTE.ST302.2007&rft.isbn=978-1-68303-151-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F7291632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkinson2001" class="citation book cs1">Watkinson, John (2001). <i>The Art of Digital Audio Third Edition</i>. Focal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-51587-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-240-51587-0"><bdi>0-240-51587-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Digital+Audio+Third+Edition&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-240-51587-0&rft.aulast=Watkinson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkinson1989" class="citation conference cs1">Watkinson, John (August 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/aes-ebu-guide">"The AES/EBU Digital Audio Interface"</a>. <i>UK Conference: AES/EBU Interface</i>. EBU-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+AES%2FEBU+Digital+Audio+Interface&rft.btitle=UK+Conference%3A+AES%2FEBU+Interface&rft.date=1989-08&rft.aulast=Watkinson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftech.ebu.ch%2Fpublications%2Faes-ebu-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AES3&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=13">Download page for AES3 standard</a></li> <li>European Broadcasting Union, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3250.pdf">Specification of the Digital Audio Interface (The AES/EBU interface)</a> Tech 3250-E third edition (2004)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmett1995" class="citation web cs1">Emmett, John (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/other/aes-ebu-eg.pdf">"Engineering Guidelines: The EBU/AES Digital Audio Interface"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/EBU" class="mw-redirect" title="EBU">EBU</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engineering+Guidelines%3A+The+EBU%2FAES+Digital+Audio+Interface&rft.pub=EBU&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Emmett&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftech.ebu.ch%2Fdocs%2Fother%2Faes-ebu-eg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Yonge2005" class="citation journal cs1">Mark Yonge (June–July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501130511/http://www.ips.org.uk/files/04_AES3_Channel_Status_Revisited.pdf">"AES3 Channel Status Revisited"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Line up</i> (101): <span class="nowrap">20–</span>22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ips.org.uk/files/04_AES3_Channel_Status_Revisited.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Line+up&rft.atitle=AES3+Channel+Status+Revisited&rft.issue=101&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2005-06%2F2005-07&rft.au=Mark+Yonge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ips.org.uk%2Ffiles%2F04_AES3_Channel_Status_Revisited.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222121924/http://www.bnoack.com/data/AES_channelstatus.html">"AES3 / AES-EBU channel status byte settings"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnoack.com/data/AES_channelstatus.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AES3+%2F+AES-EBU+channel+status+byte+settings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnoack.com%2Fdata%2FAES_channelstatus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAES3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihs.com/products/industry-standards/org/iec/historical/page40.aspx">IEC - Historical Collection</a>, IHS</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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60906-1">60906-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">60908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60929" title="IEC 60929">60929</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">60958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_60980-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEC 60980-344 (page does not exist)">60980-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">61030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131" title="IEC 61131">61131</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131-3" title="IEC 61131-3">61131-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IO-Link" title="IO-Link">61131-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61162" title="IEC 61162">61162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61334" title="IEC 61334">61334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61355" title="IEC 61355">61355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61360" title="IEC 61360">61360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61400" title="IEC 61400">61400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61499" title="IEC 61499">61499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61508" title="IEC 61508">61508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61511" title="IEC 61511">61511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61850" title="IEC 61850">61850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61851" title="IEC 61851">61851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61883" title="IEC 61883">61883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_nomenclature" title="Battery nomenclature">61960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61968" title="IEC 61968">61968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61970" title="IEC 61970">61970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-XACT" title="IP-XACT">62014-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">62026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62056" title="IEC 62056">62056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62061" title="IEC 62061">62061</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62196" title="IEC 62196">62196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_62262" title="EN 62262">62262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62264" title="IEC 62264">62264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62304" title="IEC 62304">62304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62325" title="IEC 62325">62325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62351" title="IEC 62351">62351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">62365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62366" title="IEC 62366">62366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62379" title="IEC 62379">62379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Addressable_Lighting_Interface" title="Digital Addressable Lighting Interface">62386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62455" title="IEC 62455">62455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">62680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62682" title="IEC 62682">62682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62700" title="IEC 62700">62700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63110" title="IEC 63110">63110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63119" title="IEC 63119">63119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63382" title="IEC 63382">63382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10021" title="ISO/IEC 10021">10021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">13346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHEG-5" title="MHEG-5">13522-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788" title="ISO/IEC 19788">19788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24727" title="ISO/IEC 24727">24727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24744" title="ISO/IEC 24744">24744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Remote_Console" title="Universal Remote Console">24752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000-series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27040" title="ISO/IEC 27040">27040</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_29119" title="ISO/IEC 29119">29119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_33001" title="ISO/IEC 33001">33001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_81346" title="IEC 81346">81346</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digital_audio_and_video_protocols209" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digital_audio_and_video_protocols" title="Template:Digital audio and video protocols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digital_audio_and_video_protocols" title="Template talk:Digital audio and video protocols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Digital_audio_and_video_protocols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Digital audio and video protocols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_audio_and_video_protocols209" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Digital audio and video protocols</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Protocols for remotely configuring and controlling AV equipment">Control</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A point-to-point connection between only two devices, e.g. a USB cable between a computer and an audio amplifier.">Direct</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HDBaseT" title="HDBaseT">HDBaseT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A single communication channel attached to multiple devices (via multidrop or daisy chain), but not generally extended beyond small group of devices.">Bus</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Control" title="Consumer Electronics Control">CEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a></li> <li><i>Obsolete:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MLAN" title="MLAN">mLAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIPI" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIPI">ZIPI</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Protocols capable of being routed across standard TCP/IP networks.">IP</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONVIF" title="ONVIF">ONVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sound_Control" title="Open Sound Control">Open Sound Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES70" class="mw-redirect" title="AES70">AES70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Time Streaming Protocol">RTSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTP-MIDI" title="RTP-MIDI">RTP-MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterministic_Networking" title="Deterministic Networking">DetNet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A point-to-point connection between only two devices, e.g. a USB cable between a computer and an audio amplifier.">Direct</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AES3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MADI" title="MADI">MADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A single communication channel attached to multiple devices (via multidrop or daisy chain), but not generally extended beyond small group of devices.">Bus</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Net" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Net">A-Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES50" title="AES50">AES50</a> (SuperMAC)</li> <li>AudioRail</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaGIC" class="mw-redirect" title="MaGIC">MaGIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_over_Ethernet" title="Audio over Ethernet">Ethernet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AES51" title="AES51">AES51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Bridging" title="Audio Video Bridging">AVB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avnu#Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Avnu">Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CobraNet" title="CobraNet">CobraNet</a></li> <li>dSNAKE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EtherSound" title="EtherSound">EtherSound</a></li> <li>REAC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundGrid" title="SoundGrid">SoundGrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_over_IP" title="Audio over IP"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Protocols capable of being routed across standard TCP/IP networks.">IP</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AES67" title="AES67">AES67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_(networking)" title="Dante (networking)">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JACK_Audio_Connection_Kit" title="JACK Audio Connection Kit">NetJack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livewire_(networking)" title="Livewire (networking)">Livewire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-LAN" title="Q-LAN">Q-LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna_(networking)" title="Ravenna (networking)">Ravenna</a></li> <li>WheatNet-IP</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A point-to-point connection between only two devices, e.g. a USB cable between a computer and an audio amplifier.">Direct</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDBaseT" title="HDBaseT">HDBaseT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_digital_interface" title="Serial digital interface">SDI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="A single communication channel attached to multiple devices (via multidrop or daisy chain), but not generally extended beyond small group of devices.">Bus</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Ethernet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Bridging" title="Audio Video Bridging">AVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-Sensitive_Networking" title="Time-Sensitive Networking">TSN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_video_over_IP" title="Professional video over IP">IP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Device_Interface" title="Network Device Interface">NDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_bit_rate_media_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="High bit rate media transport">HBRMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_2022" title="SMPTE 2022">SMPTE 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_2110" title="SMPTE 2110">SMPTE 2110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Reliable_Transport" title="Secure Reliable Transport">SRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-Time_Messaging_Protocol" title="Real-Time Messaging Protocol">RTMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Device_Interface" title="Network Device Interface">NDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPMX" title="IPMX">IPMX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Visual charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_network_protocols" title="Comparison of audio network protocols">Comparison of audio network protocols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">AES47</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Broadcasting_Union_(EBU)66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AES/EBU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBU_colour_bars" title="EBU colour bars">EBU colour bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBU_R_128" title="EBU R 128">EBU R 128</a></li> <li>Euroradio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_Xchange" title="News Xchange">News Xchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_d%27Or" title="Rose d'Or">Rose d'Or</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Marco_%26_Gina" title="The Adventures of Marco & Gina">The Adventures of Marco & Gina</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_of_Farthing_Wood_(TV_series)" title="The Animals of Farthing Wood (TV series)">The Animals of Farthing Wood</a></i> (1993–1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time..._Planet_Earth" title="Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth">Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitt_%26_Kantrop" title="Pitt & Kantrop">Pitt & Kantrop</a></i> (2005–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_(Spanish_TV_series)" title="Tom (Spanish TV series)">Tom</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Choir" title="Eurovision Choir">Eurovision Choir</a></i> (2017–2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Dance_Contest" title="Eurovision Dance Contest">Eurovision Dance Contest</a></i> (2007–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></i> (since 1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Dancers" title="Eurovision Young Dancers">Eurovision Young Dancers</a></i> (1985–2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Young_Musicians" title="Eurovision Young Musicians">Eurovision Young Musicians</a></i> (since 1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeux_sans_fronti%C3%A8res" title="Jeux sans frontières">Jeux sans frontières</a></i> (1965–1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Junior Eurovision Song Contest">Junior Eurovision Song Contest</a></i> (since 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Let_the_Peoples_Sing" title="Let the Peoples Sing">Let the Peoples Sing</a></i> (since 1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe%27s_Biggest_Dance_Show" title="Europe's Biggest Dance Show">Europe's Biggest Dance Show</a></i> (since 2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euroclassic_Notturno" title="Euroclassic Notturno">Euroclassic Notturno</a></i> (since 1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Debate" title="Eurovision Debate">Eurovision Debate</a></i> (2014, 2019, 2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magic_Circus_Show" title="Magic Circus Show">Magic Circus Show</a></i> (2010–2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_World_(1967_TV_program)" title="Our World (1967 TV program)">Our World</a></i> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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