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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_Russian_ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_Russian_ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Imperial Russian ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_Russian_ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_of_Russian_Ballet_on_Global_Dance_Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_of_Russian_Ballet_on_Global_Dance_Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Influence of Russian Ballet on Global Dance Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_of_Russian_Ballet_on_Global_Dance_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballets_Russes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballets_Russes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ballets Russes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballets_Russes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_of_the_Ballets_Russes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_the_Ballets_Russes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Impact of the Ballets Russes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_the_Ballets_Russes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballet_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballet_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ballet companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballet_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_dancers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_dancers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable dancers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_dancers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Russian_ballets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Russian_ballets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable Russian ballets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Russian_ballets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> 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class="mw-page-title-main">Russian ballet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballet_russe" title="Ballet russe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ballet russe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Բալետը Ռուսաստանում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բալետը Ռուսաստանում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_balet" title="Ruski balet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruski balet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balletto_russo" title="Balletto russo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balletto russo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Руски балет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руски балет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balet_w_Rosji" title="Balet w Rosji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Balet w Rosji" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Russian classical dance" redirects here. For Russian folk dances, see <a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_dance" title="Russian folk dance">Russian folk dance</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80_1.jpg/300px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>A performance of <i><a href="/wiki/Giselle,_ou_Les_Wilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Giselle, ou Les Wilis">Giselle, ou Les Wilis</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Russian ballet</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Русский балет</span>) (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Ballet russe</i>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> characteristic of or originating from Russia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imperial_Russian_ballet">Imperial Russian ballet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Imperial Russian ballet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ballet had already dawned in Russia long before start of the 17th century as per the previous publications by certain authors.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this respect Anna Kuchta posits that ballet was first performed in Russia around 1673.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the first recorded ballet performance is believed to be in the 16th century around 1581, the Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It wasn't until the rise of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> that Russian society opened up to the West. <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow's isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a "standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized – an idealized way of behaving."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to cultivate new Russian people. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Baptiste_Lande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jean-Baptiste_Lande.jpg/220px-Jean-Baptiste_Lande.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jean-Baptiste_Lande.jpg/330px-Jean-Baptiste_Lande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jean-Baptiste_Lande.jpg/440px-Jean-Baptiste_Lande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>Jean-Baptiste Landé founded Russian ballet.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Empress Anna</a> (1730–1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Land%C3%A9" title="Jean-Baptiste Landé">Jean-Baptiste Landé</a> as dancing master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France provided many leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Didelot" title="Charles Didelot">Charles Didelot</a> in St. Petersburg (1801–1831), <a href="/wiki/Jules_Perrot" title="Jules Perrot">Jules Perrot</a> (1848–1859) and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Saint-L%C3%A9on" title="Arthur Saint-Léon">Arthur Saint-Léon</a> (1859–1869). </p><p>In the early 19th century, the theaters were opened up to anyone who could afford a ticket. A seating section called a <i>rayok</i>, or 'paradise gallery', consisted of simple wooden benches. This allowed non-wealthy people access to the ballet, because tickets in this section were inexpensive.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One author describes the Imperial ballet as "unlike that of any other country in the world ..." The most prestigious of the ballet troupes were those attached to the state-supported theatres. The directors of these companies were personally appointed by the tsar, and all the dancers were, in a sense, Imperial servants. In the theatre, the men in the audience always remained standing until the tsar entered his box and, out of respect, after the performance, they remained in their places until he had departed. Curtain calls were arranged according to a strict pattern: first, the ballerina bowed to the tsar's box, then to that of the theater director, and finally to the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_of_Russian_Ballet_on_Global_Dance_Culture">Influence of Russian Ballet on Global Dance Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influence of Russian Ballet on Global Dance Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The influence of Russian ballet extends far beyond its national borders, significantly shaping global dance culture. With the establishment of prestigious ballet companies such as the Ballets Russes in the early 20th century, Russian ballet introduced innovative choreography and performance techniques to international audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influence was particularly notable in Paris, where the Ballets Russes captivated the public and inspired a new generation of dancers and choreographers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian ballet's emphasis on technical precision, expressive movement, and dramatic storytelling has become a cornerstone of classical ballet training worldwide. The cross-cultural exchange fostered by Russian ballet has enriched the global dance community, making it a vital contributor to the evolution of ballet as an art form. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ballets_Russes">Ballets Russes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ballets Russes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 1900s, the Russian ballet went beyond its borders and infiltrated Paris. It had become its own force and was distinctly Russian, while still being embraced by the Parisian society. In 1903 <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Clustine" title="Ivan Clustine">Ivan Clustine</a>, a Russian dancer and choreographer who had started his career at the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a>, was appointed <a href="/wiki/Ballet_master" title="Ballet master">Maître de ballet</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clustine's hiring promoted a frenzy of questions about his nationality and choreographic agenda: "His hiring was thought a direct attempt by the Opera to imitate the Russian company; even he thought as much, maintaining, not without despondency, that inspiration too often came from the north: 'A revolution! A method that people often apply in the country of the tsars.' Clustine, although acknowledging his nationality with pride, harbored none of the revolutionary intentions that some thought an inevitable consequence of being Russian."<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Parisians, while denying adoption of the backwards Russian troupe, had distinct Russian influence in their theater. "Despite Clustine's protestations, several features of the Opera's post-1909 ballets, along with its institutional conventions and balletic policy, appeared to betray a Russian influence."<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stigma of Russian brutality and force was applied even in Paris. While their style was not only being accepted in Paris, but implemented in Paris theaters, the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> were still considered dangerous, even in the theatre of performing art. "The Ballets Russes, at base, became a metaphor for invasion, an eternal force that could engulf and control, could penetrate the membrane of French society, culture and even art itself."<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The embracing of Russian ballet in the Paris society became a point of contention and French nationalism collided with Russian determination. Questions arose about the Russian intention in the Paris theaters under the title "cultural politics" including "the delimitation of boundaries, the preservation of identity and the nature of relational engagements."<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_of_the_Ballets_Russes">Impact of the Ballets Russes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Impact of the Ballets Russes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as the 1900s, the Russian ballet had ventured beyond its domestic sphere and enthralled spectators in Paris, an important development.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To cement Russian influence in Paris, Ivan Clustine, a Russian dancer, and choreographer originally from the Bolshoi Theatre was appointed as the Paris Opera’s Maître de ballet in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Clustine was appointed, more doubts concerning his nationality and its influence on his creativity arose due to many people’s view of Clustine’s appointment as the Paris Opera’s attempt to establish a ballet company following the model of the Russian ballet company. However, Clustine professed pride in his nationality and there are apparent carry-overs of the Russian influence in the productions of the Opera post 1909 and a few organisational structures.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the society of Paris fought against the incursion of what was referred to as ‘Russian ballet,’ it is possible to argue that though to a certain extent, the French theater culture embraced some ideas of Russian spirit and many aspects of the so-called ‘Russian ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was not a mere theatrical group that staged ballets, no, Ballets Russes was a symbol of cultural and art interchange. Based on these concerns, it becomes evident how, as Russian ballet emerged into the global sphere and as the Russian influence grown stronger in other countries, it elicited debates on issues such as cultural imperialism, assimilation, and performance in the global realm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ballet_companies">Ballet companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ballet companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first ballet company was the Imperial School of Ballet in St. Petersburg in the 1740s. <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Diaghilev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Diaghilev">Sergey Diaghilev</a>, (1872–1929), an enormously important figure in the Russian ballet scene, founded the ballet company <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> in 1909. Diaghilev intervened in every aspect of ballet – direction, production, lighting, scenery, and performance. He headquartered his ballet company in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A protégé of Diaghilev, <a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">George Balanchine</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a> in 1948. Today, the Kirov Ballet company (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Ballet" title="Mariinsky Ballet">Mariinsky Ballet</a>) and the Bolshoi company are two world-renowned Russian ballet companies that tour the world. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Ballet" title="Mariinsky Ballet">Mariinsky Ballet</a> (formerly Kirov ballet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Ballet" title="Bolshoi Ballet">Bolshoi Ballet</a></li></ul> <p>Other Russian ballet companies include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a>, founded in 1909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_Academy_of_Choreography" title="Moscow State Academy of Choreography">Moscow State Academy of Choreography</a>, commonly known as The Bolshoi Ballet Academy, founded in 1773</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaganova_Academy_of_Russian_Ballet" title="Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet">Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet</a>, founded in 1738 as the Imperial Ballet School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Eifman" title="Boris Eifman">Saint Petersburg Eifman Ballet</a>, founded in 1977</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhailovsky_Theatre" title="Mikhailovsky Theatre">Mikhailovsky Theatre Ballet</a>, founded in the 1930s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" title="Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre">Perm Theatre Ballet</a>, founded in 1896</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" title="Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre">Novosibirsk Theatre Ballet</a>, founded in 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Ballet_of_Siberia" title="Russian State Ballet of Siberia">Russian State Ballet of Siberia</a>, founded in 1978</li></ul> <p>A number of companies have been called, or included in their name, <i><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Ballet" title="Moscow Ballet">Moscow Ballet</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods">Methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several methods exist in Russian ballet. The most widely used is the <a href="/wiki/Vaganova_method" title="Vaganova method">Vaganova method</a>, named after the ballerina and teacher <a href="/wiki/Agrippina_Vaganova" title="Agrippina Vaganova">Agrippina Vaganova</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_dancers">Notable dancers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable dancers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg/150px-Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg/225px-Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg/300px-Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3699" data-file-height="5124" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a>, one of the most celebrated dancers of her time</figcaption></figure> <p>Many dancers in the style of Russian ballet have gone on to reach worldwide acclaim. Notable dancers include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altynai_Asylmuratova" title="Altynai Asylmuratova">Altynai Asylmuratova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Bessmertnova" title="Natalia Bessmertnova">Natalia Bessmertnova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakhtang_Chabukiani" title="Vakhtang Chabukiani">Vakhtang Chabukiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Dudinskaya" title="Natalia Dudinskaya">Natalia Dudinskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Fadeyechev" title="Nikolai Fadeyechev">Nikolai Fadeyechev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Michel Fokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Geltzer" title="Yekaterina Geltzer">Yekaterina Geltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gerdt" title="Pavel Gerdt">Pavel Gerdt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizaveta_Gerdt" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizaveta Gerdt">Elizaveta Gerdt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Gorsky">Alexander Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Godunov" title="Alexander Godunov">Alexander Godunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Karsavina" title="Tamara Karsavina">Tamara Karsavina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Kondaurova" title="Ekaterina Kondaurova">Ekaterina Kondaurova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Krysanova" title="Ekaterina Krysanova">Ekaterina Krysanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Legat" title="Nikolai Legat">Nikolai Legat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Legat" title="Sergei Legat">Sergei Legat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Lepeshinskaya_(dancer)" title="Olga Lepeshinskaya (dancer)">Olga Lepeshinskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa_Lezhnina" title="Larissa Lezhnina">Larissa Lezhnina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maris_Liepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Maris Liepa">Maris Liepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lobukhin" title="Mikhail Lobukhin">Mikhail Lobukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyana_Lopatkina" title="Ulyana Lopatkina">Ulyana Lopatkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Lopokova" title="Lydia Lopokova">Lydia Lopokova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Makarova" title="Natalia Makarova">Natalia Makarova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Malakhov_(dancer)" title="Vladimir Malakhov (dancer)">Vladimir Malakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Léonide Massine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Maximova" title="Ekaterina Maximova">Ekaterina Maximova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galina_Mezentseva" title="Galina Mezentseva">Galina Mezentseva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mordkin" title="Mikhail Mordkin">Mikhail Mordkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irek_Mukhamedov" title="Irek Mukhamedov">Irek Mukhamedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Vaslav Nijinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Nordi" title="Cleo Nordi">Cleo Nordi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olesya_Novikova" title="Olesya Novikova">Olesya Novikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Nureyev" title="Rudolf Nureyev">Rudolf Nureyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evgenia_Obraztsova" title="Evgenia Obraztsova">Evgenia Obraztsova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alla_Osipenko" title="Alla Osipenko">Alla Osipenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Osipova" title="Natalia Osipova">Natalia Osipova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronika_Part" title="Veronika Part">Veronika Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Plisetskaya" title="Maya Plisetskaya">Maya Plisetskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Preobrajenska" title="Olga Preobrajenska">Olga Preobrajenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farukh_Ruzimatov" title="Farukh Ruzimatov">Farukh Ruzimatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Sarafanov" title="Leonid Sarafanov">Leonid Sarafanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Semyonova" title="Marina Semyonova">Marina Semyonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polina_Semionova" title="Polina Semionova">Polina Semionova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Sergeyev" title="Konstantin Sergeyev">Konstantin Sergeyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alla_Shelest" title="Alla Shelest">Alla Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Shklyarov" title="Vladimir Shklyarov">Vladimir Shklyarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alla_Sizova" title="Alla Sizova">Alla Sizova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Smirnova_(dancer)" title="Olga Smirnova (dancer)">Olga Smirnova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alina_Somova" title="Alina Somova">Alina Somova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Spesivtseva" class="mw-redirect" title="Olga Spesivtseva">Olga Spesivtseva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Stepanova" class="mw-redirect" title="Yulia Stepanova">Yulia Stepanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tikhomirov" title="Vasily Tikhomirov">Vasily Tikhomirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Trefilova" title="Vera Trefilova">Vera Trefilova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galina_Ulanova" title="Galina Ulanova">Galina Ulanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrippina_Vaganova" title="Agrippina Vaganova">Agrippina Vaganova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasiliev" title="Ivan Vasiliev">Ivan Vasiliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vasiliev_(ballet_dancer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Vasiliev (ballet dancer)">Vladimir Vasiliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Vazem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekaterina Vazem">Ekaterina Vazem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Vishneva" title="Diana Vishneva">Diana Vishneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vladimiroff" title="Pierre Vladimiroff">Pierre Vladimiroff</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Russian_ballets">Notable Russian ballets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable Russian ballets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pharaoh%27s_Daughter" title="The Pharaoh's Daughter">The Pharaoh's Daughter</a></i> (1862)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Humpbacked_Horse_(ballet)" title="The Little Humpbacked Horse (ballet)">The Little Humpbacked Horse</a></i> (1864)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Roi_Candaule" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Roi Candaule">Le Roi Candaule</a></i> (1868)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(ballet)" title="Don Quixote (ballet)">Don Quixote</a> (1869)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Bayad%C3%A8re" title="La Bayadère">La Bayadère</a></i> (1877)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Beauty_(ballet)" title="The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)">The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker" title="The Nutcracker">The Nutcracker</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_R%C3%A9veil_de_Flore" title="Le Réveil de Flore">The Awakening of Flora</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake_(1895)" title="Swan Lake (1895)">Swan Lake</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raymonda" title="Raymonda">Raymonda</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_millions_d%27Arlequin" title="Les millions d'Arlequin">Harlequinade</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet_(Prokofiev)" title="Romeo and Juliet (Prokofiev)">Romeo and Juliet</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Prokofiev)" title="Cinderella (Prokofiev)">Cinderella</a></i> (1945)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Ballet" title="Bolshoi Ballet">Bolshoi Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of ballet terms">Glossary of ballet terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_main_ballet_masters_of_the_Saint_Petersburg_State_Ballet" title="List of the main ballet masters of the Saint Petersburg State Ballet">List of the main ballet masters of the Saint Petersburg State Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Ballet" title="Mariinsky Ballet">Mariinsky Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaganova_method" title="Vaganova method">Vaganova method</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shu.edu/arts-sciences/news/history-of-the-russian-ballet.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"History of the Russian Ballet"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.shu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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American Series</i> 3.4 (1944): 19-49. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020187">in JSTOR</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Roslavleva" title="Natalia Roslavleva">Roslavleva, Natalia</a>. <i>Era of the Russian Ballet</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson (1992), 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/diaghilev-and-the-ballets-russes">"Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes – an introduction · V&A"</a>. <i>Victoria and Albert Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Izba+Arts&rft.atitle=Nijinsky+and+his+innovations+in+XX+century+ballet&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.au=rac_admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.izbaarts.com%2Fnijinsky-and-his-innovations-in-xx-century-ballet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roslavleva (1966), 154-55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davinia Caddy, The Ballets Russes and Beyond: Music and Dance in Belle-Epoque Paris (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Caddy (2012), 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSipp2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sipp, Tabitha (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2152/81587">"The Works of Ivan Bilibin and the Creation of a Russian "Third Space": The Exploration of Cultural Identity through Illustration"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Works+of+Ivan+Bilibin+and+the+Creation+of+a+Russian+%E2%80%9CThird+Space%E2%80%9D%3A+The+Exploration+of+Cultural+Identity+through+Illustration&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Sipp&rft.aufirst=Tabitha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2152%2F81587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.operadeparis.fr/en/season-17-18/ballet/paris-opera-ballet-school-production">"Paris Opera Ballet School Production - Ballet - Season 17/18 Programming"</a>. <i>Opéra national de Paris</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Op%C3%A9ra+national+de+Paris&rft.atitle=Paris+Opera+Ballet+School+Production+-+Ballet+-+Season+17%2F18+Programming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.operadeparis.fr%2Fen%2Fseason-17-18%2Fballet%2Fparis-opera-ballet-school-production&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.operadeparis.fr/en/season-17-18/ballet/paris-opera-ballet-school-production">"Paris Opera Ballet School Production - Ballet - Season 17/18 Programming"</a>. <i>Opéra national de Paris</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Op%C3%A9ra+national+de+Paris&rft.atitle=Paris+Opera+Ballet+School+Production+-+Ballet+-+Season+17%2F18+Programming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.operadeparis.fr%2Fen%2Fseason-17-18%2Fballet%2Fparis-opera-ballet-school-production&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chambermusicsociety.org/news/the-ballets-russes-in-paris/">"The Ballets Russes in Paris - Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center"</a>. <i>www.chambermusicsociety.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chambermusicsociety.org&rft.atitle=The+Ballets+Russes+in+Paris+-+Chamber+Music+Society+of+Lincoln+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chambermusicsociety.org%2Fnews%2Fthe-ballets-russes-in-paris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sergeĭ Leonidovich Grigorʹev, <i>The Diaghilev Ballet, 1909-1929</i> (Constable, 1953).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willis-Aarnio, Peggy. <i>Agrippina Vaganova (1879-1951): Her Place in the History of Ballet and Her Impact on the Future of Classical Dance</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anderson, Jack. (1992). <i>Ballet and Modern Dance: A Concise History</i>. New Jersey: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton_Book_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton Book Company (page does not exist)">Princeton Book Company</a>.</li> <li>Andre, Paul; Arkadyev, V. (1999) <i>Great History of Russian Ballet: Its Art & Choreography</i> (1999).</li> <li>Caddy, Davinia. (2012). <i>The Ballets Russes and Beyond: Music and Dance in Belle-Epoque Paris.</i> Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</li> <li>Cross, Samuel H. (1944) "The Russian Ballet Before Dyagilev." <i>Slavonic and East European Review. American Series</i> 3.4 (1944): 19-49. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020187">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Curtis, Glenn E, ed. (1996). <i>Russia: A Country Study</i>. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress.</li> <li>Homans, Jennifer, (2010). <i>Apollo's Angels: A History of Ballet</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>.</li> <li>Johnson, Alfred Edwin. (1913) <i>The Russian Ballet</i> (Houghton Mifflin) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nx_0AAAAMAAJ&dq=Russian+Ballet+&pg=PA1">online</a></li> <li>Lifar, Serge. (1954). <i>A history of Russian ballet from its origins to the present day</i> (Hutchinson)</li> <li>Lobenthal, Joel. (2016) <i>Alla Osipenko: Beauty and Resistance in Soviet Ballet</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>)</li> <li>Norton, Leslie. (2004) <i>Léonide Massine and the 20th century ballet</i> (McFarland)</li> <li>Propert, Walter Archibald. (1972) <i>The Russian Ballet in Western Europe, 1909–1920.</i> B. Blom</li> <li>Roslavleva, Natalia. (1966). <i>Era of the Russian Ballet,</i> New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc.</li> <li>Surit͡s, E. I͡A, and E. I︠A︡ Surit︠s︡. (1990) <i>Soviet Choreographers in the 1920s</i> (<a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>, 1990).</li> <li>Wiley, Roland John. (1990) <i>A century of Russian ballet: documents and accounts, 1810-1910</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Willis-Aarnio" title="Peggy Willis-Aarnio">Willis-Aarino, Peggy</a>. (2002). <i>Agrippina Vaganova (1879–1951): Her Place in the History of Ballet and Her Impact on the Future of Classical Dance,</i> Lewiston, New York: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ballet_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ballet of Russia">Ballet of Russia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russia-ic.com/culture_art/theatre/155">Russian ballet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russianballetcompany.gr/en/">Russian Ballet Company</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118041026/http://russianballetcompany.gr/en/">Archived</a> 2012-01-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paacademyofballet.com">The Pennsylvania Academy of Ballet, a Vaganova method school</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brightonballet.org">BBT/School of Russian American Ballet in Brooklyn, NY, USA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ballet" title="Template talk:Ballet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ballet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ballet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ballet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_company" title="Ballet company">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet" title="Glossary of ballet">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ballet" title="History of ballet">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_(music)" title="Ballet (music)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ballet" title="Timeline of ballet">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aplomb" title="Aplomb">Aplomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(ballet_position)" title="Arabesque (ballet position)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_(ballet)" title="Ballon (ballet)">Ballon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barre_(ballet)" title="Barre (ballet)">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battement" title="Battement">Battement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divertissement" title="Divertissement">Divertissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e_de_ballet" title="Entrée de ballet">Entrée de ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_pas" title="Grand pas">Grand pas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux" title="Pas de deux">Pas de deux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_quatre_(ballet)" title="Pas de quatre (ballet)">Pas de quatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_trois" title="Pas de trois">Pas de trois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_d%27occasion" title="Pièce d'occasion">Pièce d'occasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_technique" title="Pointe technique">Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnout_(ballet)" title="Turnout (ballet)">Turnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_(ballet)" title="Variation (ballet)">Variation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_d%27action" title="Ballet d'action">Ballet d'action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_blanc" title="Ballet blanc">Ballet blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_de_cour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballets de cour">Ballets de cour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_ballet" title="Chamber ballet">Chamber ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_ballet" title="Classical ballet">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_ballet" title="Contemporary ballet">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_ballet" title="Comic ballet">Comic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesque_dance" title="Grotesque dance">Grotesque dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_ballet" title="Narrative ballet">Narrative ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_ballet" title="Neoclassical ballet">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-ballet" title="Opéra-ballet">Opéra-ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_ballet" title="Azerbaijani ballet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_ballet" title="British ballet">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ballet" title="French ballet">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_ballet" title="Italian ballet">Italian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballet_technique" title="Ballet technique">Technique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanchine_technique" title="Balanchine technique">Balanchine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournonville_method" title="Bournonville method">Bournonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecchetti_method" title="Cecchetti method">Cecchetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_technique" title="Pointe technique">Pointe technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positions_of_the_arms_in_ballet" title="Positions of the arms in ballet">Positions</a> (arms)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positions_of_the_feet_in_ballet" title="Positions of the feet in ballet">Positions</a> (feet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaganova_method" title="Vaganova method">Vaganova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations and ranks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_dancer" title="Ballet dancer">Ballet dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_dance" title="Character dance">Character dancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_de_ballet" title="Corps de ballet">Corps de ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi-soloist" title="Demi-soloist">Demi-soloist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloist_(ballet)" title="Soloist (ballet)">Soloist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_dancer" title="Principal dancer">Principal dancer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danseur_%C3%89toile" class="mw-redirect" title="Danseur Étoile">Danseur Étoile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danseur_noble" title="Danseur noble">Danseur noble</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_ballerina_assoluta" title="Prima ballerina assoluta">Prima ballerina assoluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_master" title="Ballet master">Ballet master</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9p%C3%A9titeur" title="Répétiteur">Répétiteur</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet apparel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_shoe" title="Ballet shoe">Ballet shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_belt" title="Dance belt">Dance belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_warmer" title="Leg warmer">Leg warmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leotard" title="Leotard">Leotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_shoe" title="Pointe shoe">Pointe shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitard" title="Unitard">Unitard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Benois_de_la_Danse" title="Prix Benois de la Danse">Prix Benois de la Danse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_de_Lausanne" title="Prix de Lausanne">Prix de Lausanne‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstra_Ballet_Dancer_Awards" title="Telstra Ballet Dancer Awards">Telstra Ballet Dancer Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_Society" title="Ballet Society">Ballet Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_Review" title="Ballet Review">Ballet Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_and_Dancers" title="Dance and Dancers">Dance and Dancers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_International" title="Dance International">Dance International</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pointe_(magazine)" title="Pointe (magazine)">Pointe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_(film)" title="Ballet (film)"><i>Ballet</i> (documentary film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion" title="Ballet and fashion">Ballet and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">Choreography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dance" title="Royal Academy of Dance">Royal Academy of Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_stereotype_of_the_male_ballet_dancer" title="Western stereotype of the male ballet dancer">Western stereotype of the male ballet dancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Lists</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_ballets_by_title" title="List of ballets by title">Ballets</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_ballet_characters" title="List of historical ballet characters">Characters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_companies" title="List of dance companies">Companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">Dancers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Ballet_schools" title="Template:Ballet schools">Schools</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&oldid=1252313302">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&oldid=1252313302</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_ballet" title="Category:Russian ballet">Russian ballet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ballet_styles" title="Category:Ballet styles">Ballet styles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_ballet" title="Category:History of ballet">History of 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