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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Relative pitch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatives_Geh%C3%B6r" title="Relatives Gehör – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Relatives Gehör" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%ADdo_relativo" title="Oído relativo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oído relativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreille_relative" title="Oreille relative – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oreille relative" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שמיעה יחסית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמיעה יחסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatief_gehoor" title="Relatief gehoor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Relatief gehoor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%BE%E9%9F%B3%E6%84%9F" title="相対音感 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="相対音感" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativt_geh%C3%B8r" title="Relativt gehør – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Relativt gehør" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisbiy_ohang" title="Nisbiy ohang – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nisbiy ohang" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82uch_relatywny" title="Słuch relatywny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Słuch relatywny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ability to recognize musical intervals</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Relative_pitch" title="Special:EditPage/Relative pitch">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Relative+pitch%22">"Relative pitch"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Relative+pitch%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Relative+pitch%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Relative+pitch%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Relative+pitch%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Relative+pitch%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Relative pitch</b> is the ability of a person to identify or re-create a given <a href="/wiki/Musical_note" title="Musical note">musical note</a> by comparing it to a reference note and identifying the interval between those two notes. For example, if the notes <i>Do</i> and <i>Fa</i> are played on a piano, a person with relative pitch would, without looking, be able to identify the second note from the first note given that they know that the first note is <i>Do</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detailed_definition">Detailed definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_pitch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Detailed definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relative pitch implies some or all of the following abilities:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Determine the distance of a musical note from a set point of reference, e.g. "three <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> above <a href="/wiki/Middle_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle C">middle C</a>"</li> <li>Identify the intervals between given tones, regardless of their relation to <a href="/wiki/Concert_pitch" title="Concert pitch">concert pitch</a> (A = 440 Hz)</li> <li>Correctly sing a melody by following <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>, by pitching each note in the melody according to its distance from the previous note.</li> <li>Hear a melody for the first time, then name the notes relative to a <a href="/wiki/Ear_training#Functional_pitch_recognition" title="Ear training">reference pitch</a>.</li></ul> <p>This last criterion, which applies not only to singers but also to instrumentalists who rely on their own skill to determine the precise pitch of the notes played (wind instruments, fretless string instruments like violin or viola, etc.), is an essential skill for musicians in order to play successfully with others. An example, is the different <a href="/wiki/Concert_pitch" title="Concert pitch">concert pitches</a> used by orchestras playing music from different styles (a baroque orchestra using <a href="/wiki/Historically_informed_performance" title="Historically informed performance">period instruments</a> might decide to use a higher-tuned pitch). </p><p>Compound intervals (intervals greater than an octave) can be more difficult to detect than simple intervals (intervals less than an octave). </p><p>Interval recognition is used to identify chords, and can be applied to accurately tune an instrument with respect to a given reference tone, even when the tone is not in <a href="/wiki/Concert_pitch" title="Concert pitch">concert pitch</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevalence_and_training">Prevalence and training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_pitch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prevalence and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Absolute_pitch" title="Absolute pitch">absolute pitch</a> (sometimes called "perfect pitch"), relative pitch is quite common among musicians, especially musicians who are used to playing "by ear", and a precise relative pitch is a constant characteristic among good musicians. </p><p>Unlike perfect pitch, relative pitch can be developed through <a href="/wiki/Ear_training" title="Ear training">ear training</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Computer-aided ear training is becoming a popular tool for musicians and music students, and various software is available for improving relative pitch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some music teachers teach their students relative pitch by having them associate each possible interval with the first two notes of a popular song. Another method of developing relative pitch is playing melodies by ear on a musical instrument, especially one that, unlike a piano or other keyboard or fretted instrument, requires a specific manual or blown adjustment for each particular tone. </p><p>Indian musicians learn relative pitch by singing intervals over a <a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">drone</a>, which <a href="/wiki/W._A._Mathieu" title="W. A. Mathieu">Mathieu</a> (1997) described in terms of occidental <a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">just intonation</a> terminology.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many Western ear training classes used <i><a href="/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge" title="Solfège">solfège</a></i> to teach students relative pitch, while others use <a href="/wiki/Numerical_sight-singing" title="Numerical sight-singing">numerical sight-singing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_pitch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_pitch" title="Absolute pitch">Absolute pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonal_memory" title="Tonal memory">Tonal memory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_pitch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeipold,_SimonGreber,_MarielleSele,_SilvanoJäncke,_Lutz2019" class="citation journal cs1">Leipold, Simon; Greber, Marielle; Sele, Silvano; Jäncke, Lutz (15 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/06/15/672675.full.pdf">"Neural patterns reveal single-trial information on absolute pitch and relative pitch perception"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NeuroImage</i>. <b>200</b>: <span class="nowrap">132–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuroimage.2019.06.030">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.030</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31238164">31238164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NeuroImage&rft.atitle=Neural+patterns+reveal+single-trial+information+on+absolute+pitch+and+relative+pitch+perception&rft.volume=200&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E132-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.neuroimage.2019.06.030&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31238164&rft.au=Leipold%2C+Simon&rft.au=Greber%2C+Marielle&rft.au=Sele%2C+Silvano&rft.au=J%C3%A4ncke%2C+Lutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2Fbiorxiv%2Fearly%2F2019%2F06%2F15%2F672675.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelative+pitch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHumphries,_Lee2008" class="citation book cs1">Humphries, Lee (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thinkingapplied.com/sight-singing_folder/sight-singing.pdf"><i>Learning to Sight-Sing: The mental mechanics of aural imagery</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 1. Minneapolis, MN: Thinking Applied.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+to+Sight-Sing%3A+The+mental+mechanics+of+aural+imagery&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+MN&rft.pub=Thinking+Applied&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Humphries%2C+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thinkingapplied.com%2Fsight-singing_folder%2Fsight-singing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelative+pitch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMathieu,_W.A.1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._Mathieu" title="W. A. Mathieu">Mathieu, W.A.</a> (1997). <i>Harmonic Experience: Tonal harmony from its natural origins to its modern expression</i>. <a href="/wiki/Inner_Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner Traditions">Inner Traditions</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89281-560-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89281-560-4"><bdi>0-89281-560-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harmonic+Experience%3A+Tonal+harmony+from+its+natural+origins+to+its+modern+expression&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-89281-560-4&rft.au=Mathieu%2C+W.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelative+pitch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_psychology" title="Template:Music psychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_psychology" title="Template talk:Music psychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_psychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music psychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_psychology177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Music psychology">Music psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomusicology" title="Biomusicology">Biomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_musicology" title="Cognitive musicology">Cognitive musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_music" title="Neuroscience of music">Cognitive neuroscience of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_in_music_cognition" title="Culture in music cognition">Culture in music cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoacoustics" title="Psychoacoustics">Psychoacoustics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_psychology" title="Category:Music psychology">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_pitch" title="Absolute pitch">Absolute pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditory_illusion" title="Auditory illusion">Auditory illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditory_imagery" title="Auditory imagery">Auditory imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_music" title="Background music">Background music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">Consonance and dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsch%27s_scale_illusion" title="Deutsch's scale illusion">Deutsch's scale illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earworm" title="Earworm">Earworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embodied_music_cognition" title="Embodied music cognition">Embodied music cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrainment_(biomusicology)" title="Entrainment (biomusicology)">Entrainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_and_music" title="Exercise and music">Exercise and music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_movement_in_music_reading" title="Eye movement in music reading">Eye movement in music reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franssen_effect" title="Franssen effect">Franssen effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_theory_of_tonal_music" title="Generative theory of tonal music">Generative theory of tonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glissando_illusion" title="Glissando illusion">Glissando illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonic_music_consumption_model" title="Hedonic music consumption model">Hedonic music consumption model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusory_continuity_of_tones" title="Illusory continuity of tones">Illusory continuity of tones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitin_effect" title="Levitin effect">Levitin effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipps%E2%80%93Meyer_law" title="Lipps–Meyer law">Lipps–Meyer law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_expectation" title="Melodic expectation">Melodic expectation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_fission" title="Melodic fission">Melodic fission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_effect" title="Mozart effect">Mozart effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_emotion" title="Music and emotion">Music and emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Music and movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_psychological_operations" title="Music in psychological operations">Music in psychological operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_music_preference" title="Psychology of music preference">Music preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music-related_memory" title="Music-related memory">Music-related memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_gesture" title="Musical gesture">Musical gesture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_semantics" title="Musical semantics">Musical semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_syntax" title="Musical syntax">Musical syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_illusion" title="Octave illusion">Octave illusion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Relative pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharawadji_effect" title="Sharawadji effect">Sharawadji effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepard_tone" title="Shepard tone">Shepard tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech-to-song_illusion" title="Speech-to-song illusion">Speech-to-song illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_dynamics_of_music_and_language" title="Temporal dynamics of music and language">Temporal dynamics of music and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonal_memory" title="Tonal memory">Tonal memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritone_paradox" title="Tritone paradox">Tritone paradox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music-specific_disorders" title="Music-specific disorders">Disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amusia" title="Amusia">Amusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditory_arrhythmia" title="Auditory arrhythmia">Auditory arrhythmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_deafness" title="Beat deafness">Beat deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_hallucinations" title="Musical hallucinations">Musical hallucinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_dystonia" title="Focal dystonia">Musician's dystonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music-specific_disorders" title="Music-specific disorders">Music-specific disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_deafness" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone deafness">Tone deafness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_music" title="Aesthetics of music">Aesthetics of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioacoustics" title="Bioacoustics">Bioacoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing">Hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_intonation_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic intonation therapy">Melodic intonation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">Music therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_acoustics" title="Musical acoustics">Musical acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">Neurologic music therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuronal_encoding_of_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuronal encoding of sound">Neuronal encoding of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_science" title="Performance science">Performance science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_music" title="Philosophy of music">Philosophy of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis_and_music" title="Psychoanalysis and music">Psychoanalysis and music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociomusicology" title="Sociomusicology">Sociomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_musicology" title="Systematic musicology">Systematic musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoomusicology" title="Zoomusicology">Zoomusicology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_psychologists" title="Category:Music psychologists">Researchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamshed_Bharucha" title="Jamshed Bharucha">Jamshed Bharucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Cuddy" title="Lola Cuddy">Lola Cuddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cutietta" title="Robert Cutietta">Robert Cutietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_W._Davidson" title="Jane W. Davidson">Jane W. Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Deli%C3%A8ge" title="Irène Deliège">Irène Deliège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Deutsch" title="Diana Deutsch">Diana Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuomas_Eerola" title="Tuomas Eerola">Tuomas Eerola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkjan_Honing" title="Henkjan Honing">Henkjan Honing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Huron" title="David Huron">David Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Kraus" title="Nina Kraus">Nina Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_L._Krumhansl" title="Carol L. Krumhansl">Carol L. Krumhansl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Lerdahl" title="Fred Lerdahl">Fred Lerdahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Levitin" title="Daniel Levitin">Daniel Levitin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_B._Meyer" title="Leonard B. Meyer">Leonard B. Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Friedrich_Meyer" title="Max Friedrich Meyer">Max Friedrich Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mursell" title="James Mursell">James Mursell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parncutt" title="Richard Parncutt">Richard Parncutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Sacks" title="Oliver Sacks">Oliver Sacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Seashore" title="Carl Seashore">Carl Seashore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Schoen" title="Max Schoen">Max Schoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sloboda" title="John Sloboda">John Sloboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Stumpf" title="Carl Stumpf">Carl Stumpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Forde_Thompson" title="William Forde Thompson">William Forde Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Trehub" title="Sandra Trehub">Sandra Trehub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Perception" title="Music Perception">Music Perception</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musicae_Scientiae_(journal)" title="Musicae Scientiae (journal)">Musicae Scientiae (journal)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musicophilia" title="Musicophilia">Musicophilia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music,_Thought,_and_Feeling" title="Music, Thought, and Feeling">Music, Thought, and Feeling</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_Music_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychology of Music (journal)">Psychology of Music (journal)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_in_Six_Songs" title="The World in Six Songs">The World in Six Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Your_Brain_on_Music" title="This Is Your Brain on Music">This Is Your Brain on Music</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Frequency_and_pitch67" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pitch_(music)" title="Template:Pitch (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pitch_(music)" title="Template talk:Pitch (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pitch_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pitch (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frequency_and_pitch67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert_pitch" title="Concert pitch">Concert pitch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">A440</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic">Enharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_pitch_notation" title="Helmholtz pitch notation">Helmholtz pitch notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_notation" title="Letter notation">Letter notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies" title="Piano key frequencies">Piano key frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_class" title="Pitch class">Pitch class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">Scientific pitch notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perception</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_pitch" title="Absolute pitch">Absolute pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_training" title="Ear training">Ear training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_circularity" title="Pitch circularity">Pitch circularity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Relative pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonal_memory" title="Tonal memory">Tonal memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_deafness" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone deafness">Tone deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual pitch">Virtual pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tuner" title="Electronic tuner">Electronic tuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersenne%27s_laws" title="Mersenne's laws">Mersenne's laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtuner" title="Microtuner">Microtuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_tuning" title="Musical tuning">Musical tuning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(acoustics)" title="Beat (acoustics)">Beating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_pipe" title="Pitch pipe">Pitch pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savart_wheel" title="Savart wheel">Savart wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_fork" title="Tuning fork">Tuning fork</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Relative_pitch&oldid=1277448043">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Relative_pitch&oldid=1277448043</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_cognition" title="Category:Music cognition">Music cognition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_psychology" title="Category:Music psychology">Music psychology</a></li><li><a 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