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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kamba_people_outside_of_Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamba_people_outside_of_Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kamba people outside of Kenya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamba_people_outside_of_Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonialism_and_the_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonialism_and_the_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Colonialism and the 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonialism_and_the_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and beliefs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_beliefs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and beliefs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Akamba_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Akamba_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>The Akamba family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Akamba_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_and_Kamba_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_and_Kamba_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Naming and Kamba names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_and_Kamba_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kikamba_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kikamba_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Kikamba music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kikamba_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing_and_costumery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing_and_costumery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Clothing and costumery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing_and_costumery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_news_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_news_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Media and news channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_news_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Akamba_and_people_of_Akamba_descent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Akamba_and_people_of_Akamba_descent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable Akamba and people of Akamba descent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_Akamba_and_people_of_Akamba_descent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable Akamba and people of Akamba descent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_Akamba_and_people_of_Akamba_descent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academics,_activism_and_authorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics,_activism_and_authorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Academics, activism and authorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics,_activism_and_authorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists,_athletes_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists,_athletes_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Artists, athletes and media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists,_athletes_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Businesspersons_and_professionals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Businesspersons_and_professionals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Businesspersons and professionals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Businesspersons_and_professionals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_security_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_security_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Military and security services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_security_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_diplomacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_diplomacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Politics and diplomacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_diplomacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamba people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="شعب الكامبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب الكامبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambalar" title="Kambalar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kambalar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Камба – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_(Ethnie)" title="Kamba (Ethnie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kamba (Ethnie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambaoj" title="Kambaoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kambaoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_(peuple_du_Kenya)" title="Kamba (peuple du Kenya) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kamba (peuple du Kenya)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%84%EB%B0%94%EC%A1%B1" title="캄바족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캄바족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kamba people" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Kamba" title="Suku Kamba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Kamba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_(Kenya)" title="Kamba (Kenya) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kamba (Kenya)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Камба – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Камба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakamba" title="Wakamba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakamba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akambai" title="Akambai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akambai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Акамба – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Акамба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_(volk)" title="Kamba (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kamba (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E6%97%8F" title="カンバ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンバ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_(folk)" title="Kamba (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kamba (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_(Kenya)" title="Kamba (Kenya) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kamba (Kenya)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba" title="Kamba – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kamba" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba" title="Kamba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kamba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambas_(Qu%C3%AAnia)" title="Cambas (Quênia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cambas (Quênia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Камба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kamba people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Камба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Камба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba" title="Kamba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kamba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambat" title="Kambat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kambat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba_(folk)" title="Kamba (folk) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kamba (folk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Камба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba" title="Kamba – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kamba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="坎巴族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坎巴族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1143929#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Akamba</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Kamba_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Traditional_Kamba_dance.jpg/220px-Traditional_Kamba_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Traditional_Kamba_dance.jpg/330px-Traditional_Kamba_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Traditional_Kamba_dance.jpg/440px-Traditional_Kamba_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="299" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The traditional Kamba dance</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">4,663,910<sup id="cite_ref-renamed_from_2021_on_20220715073913_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renamed_from_2021_on_20220715073913-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamba_language" title="Kamba language">Kikamba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Traditional_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African Traditional Religion">African Traditional Religion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonjo_people" title="Sonjo people">Temi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dhaiso_people" title="Dhaiso people">Dhaiso</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Mu</b>kamba</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>A</b>kamba</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Ki</b>kamba</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Ukambani</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Kenya" title="Category:Kenya">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kenya" title="Culture of Kenya">Culture of Kenya</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/150px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/225px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/300px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya" title="History of Kenya">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Paleolithic" title="History of Kenya">Pleistocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Neolithic" title="History of Kenya">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Iron_Age" title="History of Kenya">African iron age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Swahili_culture_and_trade" title="History of Kenya">Swahili city states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Portuguese_and_Omani_influences" title="History of Kenya">Portuguese and Omani period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#British_rule_(1895–1963)" title="History of Kenya">British Colonial Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Independence" title="History of Kenya">Early post Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Moi_regime_(1978–2002)" title="History of Kenya">Moi Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Recent_history_(2002_to_present)" title="History of Kenya">Recent history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Kenya">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><u>Historic peoples</u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koobi_Fora" title="Koobi Fora">Koobi Fora Hominins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorgesailie" title="Olorgesailie">Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Savanna Pastoral Neolithic Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburran_industry" title="Eburran industry">Eburran industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmenteitan" title="Elmenteitan">Elmenteitan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirikwa_culture" title="Sirikwa culture">Sirikwa culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urewe" title="Urewe">Urewe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shungwaya" title="Shungwaya">Shungwaya</a></li></ul> <p><u>Modern ethnicities</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banyala" title="Banyala">Banyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukusu" title="Bukusu">Bukusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisu_people" title="Gisu people">Gisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idakho" title="Idakho">Idakho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isukha" title="Isukha">Isukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayo" title="Khayo">Khayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisa_tribe" title="Kisa tribe">Kisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marachi" title="Marachi">Marachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragoli" title="Maragoli">Maragoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marama_tribe" title="Marama tribe">Marama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachoni" title="Tachoni">Tachoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiriki" title="Tiriki">Tiriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samia_tribe" title="Samia tribe">Samia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanga">Wanga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_people" title="Nandi people">Nandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marakwet_people" title="Marakwet people">Marakwet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipsigis_people" title="Kipsigis people">Kipsigis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgeyo_people" title="Elgeyo people">Elgeyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugen_people" title="Tugen people">Tugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terik_people" title="Terik people">Terik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokot_people" title="Pokot people">Pokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaot_people" title="Sabaot people">Sabaot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunta_people" title="Kunta people">Kunta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Kenya" title="Somalis in Kenya">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisii_people" title="Kisii people">Kisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teso_people" title="Teso people">Teso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samburu_people" title="Samburu people">Samburu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilchamus_people" title="Ilchamus people">Ilchamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_people" title="Turkana people">Turkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_Oromo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Borana Oromo people">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakuye_people" title="Sakuye people">Sakuye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Orma_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tana Orma people">Orma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_people" title="Rendille people">Rendille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabra_people" title="Gabra people">Gabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengwer_people" title="Sengwer people">Sengwer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jibana_people" title="Jibana people">Jibana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giriama_people" title="Giriama people">Giriama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duruma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duruma">Duruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonyi_people" title="Chonyi people">Chonyi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taita_people" title="Taita people">Taita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taveta_people" title="Taveta people">Taveta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiek_people" title="Okiek people">Okiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Kenyan Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">White Kenyans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenya#Arabs" title="Demographics of Kenya">Kenyan Arabs</a></li></ul> <p><u>Diaspora</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Australians" title="Kenyan Australians">Kenyan Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_migration_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan migration to the United Kingdom">Kenyan Britons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kenya" title="Languages of Kenya">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_language" title="Kikuyu language">Kikuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_language" title="Kamba language">Kamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekegusii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekegusii">Ekegusii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim%C3%AE%C3%AEru" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimîîru">Kimîîru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Oluluhyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokomo_language" title="Pokomo language">Kipokomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kigiryama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kigiryama">Kigiryama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiembu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiembu">Kiembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajuni">bajuni</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dholuo" title="Dholuo">Dholuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalenjin language">Kalenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_language" title="Maasai language">Maa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_language" title="Turkana language">Turkana</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_language" title="Rendille language">Rendille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Mythology</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gikuyu_people#Spirituality_and_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gikuyu people">Gikuyu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture_and_beliefs">Akamba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_mythology" title="Kalenjin mythology">Kalenjin mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit-Mikayi" title="Kit-Mikayi">Kit-Mikayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanda_Magere" title="Luanda Magere">Luanda Magere</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Kenya">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kenya" title="Public holidays in Kenya">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu#Culture" title="Lamu">Lamu Cultural Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">Labour day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madaraka_Day" title="Madaraka Day">Madaraka Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moi_Day" title="Moi Day">Huduma Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashujaa_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashujaa Day">Mashujaa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_Day" title="Jamhuri Day">Jamhuri Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusinga_(Cultural)_Festival" title="Rusinga (Cultural) Festival">Rusinga (Cultural) Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kenya" title="Catholic Church in Kenya">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Kenya" title="Anglican Church of Kenya">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Inland_Mission" title="Africa Inland Mission">African Inland Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Africa#Kenya" title="Quakers in Africa">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">Judaism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Art</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_art#East_Africa" title="African art">Traditional art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangechi_Mutu" title="Wangechi Mutu">Wangechi Mutu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Kenya">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_literature" title="Swahili literature">Swahili literature</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kenya" title="Music of Kenya">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benga_music" title="Benga music">Benga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_hip_hop" title="Kenyan hip hop">Kenyan hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_rumba" title="Congolese rumba">Lingala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohangla" title="Ohangla">Ohangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soukous" title="Soukous">Soukous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taarab" title="Taarab">Taarab</a></li></ul> <p><u>Performing arts</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Theatre" title="Kenya National Theatre">Kenya National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Institute_of_Puppet_Theatre_(KIPT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT)">Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kenya_Schools_and_Colleges_Drama_Festival" title="The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival">The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_Early_for_Birds" title="Too Early for Birds">Too Early for Birds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Kenya">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Kenya">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Media_Group" title="Nation Media Group">Nation Media Group</a></li></ul> <p><u>Government agencies</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Authority_of_Kenya" title="Communications Authority of Kenya">Communications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Film_Commission" title="Kenya Film Commission">Kenya Film Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Film_Classification_Board" title="Kenya Film Classification Board">Kenya Film Classification Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_News_Agency" title="Kenya News Agency">Kenya News Agency</a></li></ul> <p><u>Television</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A24_news_channel" title="A24 news channel">A24 news channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_TV" title="Citizen TV">Citizen TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">Kenya Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Television_Network" title="Kenya Television Network">Kenya Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinga_Tinga_Tales" title="Tinga Tinga Tales">Tinga Tinga Tales</a></li></ul> <p><u>Radio</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/98.4_Capital_FM" title="98.4 Capital FM">98.4 Capital FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRI_Nairobi_91.9_FM" title="CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM">CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamoja_FM" title="Pamoja FM">Pamoja FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maria" title="Radio Maria">Radio Maria</a></li></ul> <p><u>Newspapers</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_African_Executive" title="The African Executive">The African Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Daily_Africa" title="Business Daily Africa">Business Daily Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_EastAfrican" title="The EastAfrican">The EastAfrican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Gazette" title="Kenya Gazette">Kenya Gazette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Times" title="Kenya Times">Kenya Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Kenya)" title="The Standard (Kenya)">The Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Kenya)" title="The Star (Kenya)">The Star</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kenya" title="Sport in Kenya">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_Kenya" title="Athletics Kenya">Athletics Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Kenya" title="Football in Kenya">Football in Kenya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_Kenya_Federation" title="Football Kenya Federation">Football Kenya Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Premier_League" title="Kenyan Premier League">Kenyan Premier League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Kenya" title="Rugby union in Kenya">Rugby union in Kenya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Sevens" title="Safari Sevens">Safari Sevens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Kenya" title="Cricket in Kenya">Cricket in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Open" title="Kenya Open">Golf in Kenya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Kenya" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Kenya">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_and_monuments_in_Kenya" title="List of sites and monuments in Kenya">List of Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothagam_North_Pillar_Site" title="Lothagam North Pillar Site">Lothagam North Pillar Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalokol_Pillar_Site" title="Kalokol Pillar Site">Namoratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimlich_Ohinga" title="Thimlich Ohinga">Thimlich Ohinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_of_Gedi" title="Ruins of Gedi">Ruins of Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumba_la_Mtwana" title="Jumba la Mtwana">Jumba la Mtwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu_Fort" title="Lamu Fort">Lamu Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyu" title="Siyu">Siyu Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesus" title="Fort Jesus">Fort Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mboya_Monument" title="Tom Mboya Monument">Tom Mboya Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedan_Kimathi#The_Dedan_Kimathi_statue" title="Dedan Kimathi">Dedan Kimathi Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-Powell_grave" title="Baden-Powell grave">Baden-Powell grave</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kenya" title="Flag of Kenya">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya" title="Coat of arms of Kenya">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Kenya">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ee_Mungu_Nguvu_Yetu" title="Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu">Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya" title="Coat of arms of Kenya">Coat of arms of Kenya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/16px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/24px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kenya" title="Portal:Kenya">Kenya portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Kenya" title="Template:Culture of Kenya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Kenya" title="Template talk:Culture of Kenya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kamba</b> or <b>Akamba</b> (sometimes called <b>Wakamba</b>) people are a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> ethnic group who predominantly live in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> stretching from <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tsavo" title="Tsavo">Tsavo</a> and northwards to <a href="/wiki/Embu,_Kenya" title="Embu, Kenya">Embu</a>, in the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Province, Kenya">former Eastern Province</a>. This land is called <i>Ukambani</i> and constitutes <a href="/wiki/Makueni_County" title="Makueni County">Makueni County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitui_County" title="Kitui County">Kitui County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machakos_County" title="Machakos County">Machakos County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamba_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also form the second largest ethnic group in 8 counties including Nairobi and Mombasa counties.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kamba are of <a href="/wiki/Bantu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu people">Bantu</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Bindloss_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bindloss-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also known as the 'Akamba.' They are closely related in language and culture to the <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a>, and to some extent relate closely to the <a href="/wiki/Digo_people" title="Digo people">Kambe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Giriama_people" title="Giriama people">Giriama</a> of the Kenyan coast. The Kambas are concentrated in the lowlands of southeast Kenya from the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kenya" title="Mount Kenya">Mount Kenya</a> to the coast. </p><p>The first group of Kamba people settled in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Mbooni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbooni">Mbooni Hills</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Machakos_District" title="Machakos District">Machakos District</a> of Kenya. This was in the second half of the 17th century, before spreading to Machakos, Makueni and Kitui Districts.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some authorities suggest that they arrived in their present lowlands east of the Mount Kenya area of habitation from earlier settlements further to the north and east.<sup id="cite_ref-Bindloss_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bindloss-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others argue that the Kamba, along with their closely related Eastern Bantu neighbours the Kikuyu, the Embu, the Mbeere and the Meru, moved into Kenya from points further south.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the Akamba people live in Kenya, and are concentrated in the lower eastern counties of <a href="/wiki/Machakos_County" title="Machakos County">Machakos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitui_County" title="Kitui County">Kitui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Makueni_County" title="Makueni County">Makueni</a>. </p><p>According to the national census of 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there were 4,663,910 Akamba people in Kenya, being the fifth-most populous tribe in the country. Machakos is the most populous of the three Ukambani counties, with 1,421,932 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is followed by Kitui (1,136,187 residents) then Makueni (987,653 residents). They make up the second largest ethnic demographics in each of the urban city - counties of <a href="/wiki/Nairobi_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Nairobi County">Nairobi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mombasa_County" title="Mombasa County">Mombasa</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Taita%E2%80%93Taveta_County" title="Taita–Taveta County">Taita–Taveta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiambu_County" title="Kiambu County">Kiambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muranga_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Muranga County">Muranga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirinyaga_County" title="Kirinyaga County">Kirinyaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwale_County" title="Kwale County">Kwale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kilifi_County" title="Kilifi County">Kilifi</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also form the third largest ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Embu_County" title="Embu County">Embu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garissa_County" title="Garissa County">Garissa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meru_County" title="Meru County">Meru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kajiado_County" title="Kajiado County">Kajiado</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Embu county the Kamba live in <a href="/wiki/Mbeere_South_Constituency" title="Mbeere South Constituency">Mbeere South</a> region and in Taita–Taveta County they are mainly concentrated in the Taveta region.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They share a border with the Maasai people and are literally separated by the Kenya-Uganda railway from <a href="/wiki/Athi_River_(town)" title="Athi River (town)">Athi-River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kibwezi" title="Kibwezi">Kibwezi</a>. Up until late 20th Century the Maasai and the Akamba communities were involved in persistent cattle-rustling and pasture conflicts especially on the pasture-rich Konza plains. This attracted the interest of colonial government who created Cooperative Society and the later the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Konza,_Kenya" title="Konza, Kenya">Konza</a>, Potha and Malili Ranches where the proposed <a href="/wiki/Konza_Technology_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Konza Technology City">Konza Technology City</a> sits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kamba_people_outside_of_Kenya">Kamba people outside of Kenya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kamba people outside of Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from Kenya, Kamba people can also be found in Uganda, Tanzania and in <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of Akamba in Uganda is about 8,280, 110,000 in Tanzania and about 10,000 in Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kamba people in the <a href="/wiki/South_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South American">South American</a> country of Paraguay<sup id="cite_ref-hivisasa.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hivisasa.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-investmentnews.co.ke_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investmentnews.co.ke-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> form two groups: <a href="/wiki/Afro-Paraguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Paraguayan">Kamba Cuá</a> and Kamba Kokue with the former being the most famous.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They arrived in Paraguay as members of a regiment of 250 spearmen ('lanceros de Artigas'), men and women, who accompanied General <a href="/wiki/Jose_Gervasio_Artigas" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Gervasio Artigas">Jose Gervasio Artigas</a>, in his exile in Paraguay in 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenyans.co.ke_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyans.co.ke-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kamba Cuá are famous for their African traditional ballet that is described as the "central cultural identity of the Afro-Paraguayan community".<sup id="cite_ref-Business_Daily_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Business_Daily-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kamba speak the <a href="/wiki/Kamba_language" title="Kamba language">Kamba language</a> (also known as Kikamba) as a <a href="/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">mother tongue</a>. It belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Niger-Congo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a> language family. Kikamba has no letters c, f, j, r, x, q and p in its alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnkam_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnkam-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swahili language reveals closer ties to the Akamba mother tongue, this being due to the various interactions of the Akamba people with Arab traders for centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many Bantus, the Akamba were originally hunters and gatherers but later became long distance traders because of their knowledge of the expansive area they inhabited. They also had good relations with neighbouring communities as well as excellent communication skills. They would go on to later adopt <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence farming</a> and pastoralism due to the availability of the new lands that they came to occupy.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the Akamba are often found engaged in different professions: some are agriculturalists, others are traders, while others have taken up formal jobs. The Kamba also practiced <a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a> trade with the Kikuyu, Maasai, <a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a> people in the interior and the <a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> people of the coast. </p><p>Over time, the Akamba extended their commercial activity and wielded economic control across the central part of the land that was later to be known as Kenya (from the Kikamba, 'Ki'nyaa', meaning 'the Ostrich Country.' This was derived from the reference they made to Mount Kenya and its snow cap similar to the male Ostrich), from the Indian Ocean in the east to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a> in the west, and all the way up to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Turkana" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a> on the northern frontier. The Akamba traded in locally produced goods such as sugar cane wine, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">ivory</a>, brass amulets, tools and weapons, millet, and cattle. The food obtained from trading helped offset shortages caused by droughts and <a href="/wiki/1899_famine_in_central_Kenya" title="1899 famine in central Kenya">famines</a> experienced in their Kamba land. </p><p>They also traded in medicinal products known as 'Miti' (literally: plants), made from various parts of the numerous medicinal plants found on the Southeast African plains. Maingi Ndonye Mbithi, commonly referred by his peers and locals as Kanyi, from Kimutwa village in Machakos was known for his concoction of herbs mixed with locally fermented brew (kaluvu) with the ability to heal cancerous boils (Mi'imu).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Akamba are still known for their fine work in wood carving,<sup id="cite_ref-Kamba_Wood_Carving_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamba_Wood_Carving-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Basketry" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketry">basketry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> and the products . Their artistic inclination is evidenced in the sculpture work that is on display in many craft shops and galleries in the major cities and towns of Kenya. </p><p>In the mid-eighteenth century, a large number of Akamba pastoral groups moved eastwards from the Tsavo and Kibwezi areas to the coast. This migration was the result of extensive drought and lack of pasture for their cattle. They settled in the <a href="/wiki/Mariakani" title="Mariakani">Mariakani</a>, Kinango, <a href="/wiki/Kwale" title="Kwale">Kwale</a>, Mombasa West (Changamwe and Chaani) and Mombasa North (Kisauni) areas of the coast of Kenya, creating the beginnings of urban settlement. They are still found in large numbers in these towns, and have been absorbed into the cultural, economic and political life of the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Coast_Province" title="Coast Province">Coast Province</a>. Several notable businessmen and women, politicians, as well as professional men and women are direct descendants of these itinerant pastoralists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonialism_and_the_19th_century">Colonialism and the 19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Colonialism and the 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Kamba_Warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/A_Kamba_Warrior.jpg/220px-A_Kamba_Warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/A_Kamba_Warrior.jpg/330px-A_Kamba_Warrior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/A_Kamba_Warrior.jpg/440px-A_Kamba_Warrior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>A Kamba Warrior in traditional battle dress.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the latter part of the 19th century the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> took over the coastal trade from the Akamba, who then acted as middlemen between the Arab and <a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a> traders and the tribes further upcountry. Their trade and travel made them ideal guides for the caravans gathering elephant tusks, precious stones and some slaves for the Middle Eastern, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> markets. Early European explorers also used them as guides in their expeditions to explore Southeast Africa, due to their wide knowledge of the land and neutral standing with many of the other societies they traded with. </p><p>During the colonial era, British colonial officials considered the Kamba to be the premier martial race and sharp-shooters of Africa. The Kamba themselves appeared to embrace this label by enlisting in the colonial army in large numbers. After confidently describing the Kamba serving in the King's African Rifles<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the KAR, Britain's East African colonial army) as loyal "soldiers of the Queen" during the <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau Emergency</a>, a press release by the <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Command" title="East Africa Command">East Africa Command</a> went on to characterize the Kamba as a "fighting race." These sentiments were echoed by other colonial observers in the early 1950s who deemed the Kamba a hardy, virile, courageous, and "mechanically-minded tribe." Considered by many officers to be the "best [soldierly] material in Africa," the Kamba supplied the KAR with askaris (soldiers) at a rate that was three to four times their percentage of the overall Kenyan population.' </p><p>The Kamba people successfully resisted an attempt by the British colonialists to seize their livestock in an obnoxious livestock control legislation in 1938. They peacefully fought the British until the law was repealed.Among the Akamba people, lack of rain is considered an event requiring ritual intervention. As a result, they perform a ritual rain making dance called Kilumi. It is a healing rite designed to restore environmental balance through spiritual blessings, movement, offering, and prayers. According to Akamba, Kilumi has been present since the very beginning of Kamba existence. This ritual emphasizes symbolic dance movements as a key force in achieving the goal of the ceremony. The heart of the dance ritual is its spiritual essence; in fact, it is the spiritual aspect that distinguishes the dances of Africans and their descendants worldwide. For this reason, it is important to understand the nature of rituals. Dance rituals take participants on a journey; they are designed to foster a transformation moving them to different states, with the ultimate goal of invoking spiritual intervention to resolve the problem at hand. </p><p>Akamba resistance to colonial "pacification" was mostly non-violent in nature. Some of the best known Akamba resistance leaders to colonialism were: <a href="/wiki/Syokimau" title="Syokimau">Syokimau</a>, Syotune wa Kathukye, Muindi Mbingu, and later <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ngei" title="Paul Ngei">Paul Ngei</a>, JD Kali, and Malu of Kilungu. Ngei and Kali were imprisoned by the colonial government for their anti-colonial protests. Syotune wa Kathukye led a peaceful protest to recover cattle confiscated by the British colonial government during one of their raiding expeditions on the local populations. </p><p>Muindi Mbingu was arrested for leading another protest march to recover stolen land and cattle around the Mua Hills in Masaku district, which the British settlers eventually appropriated for themselves. JD Kali, along with Paul Ngei, joined the <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau</a> movement to recover Kenya for the Kenyan people. This movement took place between 1952 and 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Kapenguria" title="Kapenguria">Kapenguria</a> during the fighting between the then government and the freedom fighters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_beliefs">Culture and beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culture and beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kamba_people" title="Special:EditPage/Kamba people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kamba+people%22">"Kamba people"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kamba+people%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kamba+people%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kamba+people%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kamba+people%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kamba+people%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Their origin myth is as follows: "In the beginning, Mulungu created a man and a woman. This was the couple from heaven and he proceeded to place them on a rock at Nzaui where their foot prints, including those of their livestock can be seen to this day. Mulungu then caused a great rainfall. From the many anthills around, a man and a woman came out. These were the initiators of the 'spirits clan'- the Aimo. It so happened that the couple from heaven had only sons while the couple from the anthill had only daughters. Naturally, the couple from heaven paid dowry for the daughters of the couple from the anthill. The family and their cattle greatly increased in numbers. With this prosperity, they forgot to give thanks to their creator. Mulungu punished them with a great famine. This led to dispersal as the family scattered in search of food. Some became the <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a>, others the <a href="/wiki/Ameru_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ameru people">Meru</a> while some remained as the original people, the Akamba." The Akamba are not specific about the number of children that each couple had initially borne. </p><p>The Akamba believe in a monotheistic, invisible and transcendental God, <a href="/wiki/Ngai" title="Ngai">Ngai</a> or Mulungu, who lives in the sky (<i>yayayani</i> or <i>ituni</i>). Another venerable name for God is Asa, or the Father. He is also known as Ngai Mumbi (God the Creator) na Mwatuangi (God the finger-divider). He is perceived as the omnipotent creator of life on earth and as a merciful, if distant, entity. The traditional Akamba perceive the spirits of their departed ones, the <i>Aimu</i> or <i>Maimu</i>, as the intercessors between themselves and Ngai Mulungu. They are remembered in family rituals and offerings / libations at individual altars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Akamba_family">The Akamba family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Akamba family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSRW_Africa_Mukamba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/NSRW_Africa_Mukamba.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chief_Kivoi_Mwendwa" title="Chief Kivoi Mwendwa">Chief Kivoi Mwendwa</a>, 1850s</figcaption></figure> <p>In Akamba culture, the family known as (Musyi) plays a central role in the community. The Akamba extended family or clan is called <i>mbai</i>. The man, who is the head of the family, is usually engaged in an economic activity popular among the community like trading, hunting, cattle-herding or farming. He is known as <i>Nau</i>, <i>Tata</i>, or <i>Asa</i>. </p><p>The woman, regardless of her husband's occupation, works on her plot of land, which she is given upon joining her husband's household. She supplies the bulk of the food consumed by her family. She grows maize, millet, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, beans, pigeon peas, greens, arrow root, cassava, and yam in cooler regions like Kangundo, Kilungu and Mbooni. It is the mother's role to bring up the children. Even children that have grown up into adults are expected to never contradict the mother's wishes. The mother is known as <i>Mwaitu</i> ('our One'). </p><p>Very little distinction is made between one's children and nieces and nephews. They address their maternal uncle as <i>inaimiwa</i> and maternal aunts as <i>mwendya</i> and for their paternal uncle and aunt as <i>mwendw'au</i>. They address their paternal cousins as <i>wa-asa</i> or <i>wa'ia</i> (for men is <i>mwanaasa</i> or <i>mwanaa'ia</i>, and for women is <i>mwiitu wa'asa</i> or <i>mwiitu wa'ia</i>), and the maternal cousins (mother's side) as <i>wa mwendya</i> (for men <i>mwanaa mwendya</i>; for women <i>mwiitu wa mwendya</i>). Children often move from one household to another with ease, and are made to feel at home by their aunts and uncles who, while in charge of their nephews/nieces, are their de facto parents. </p><p>Grandparents known as (<i>Susu</i> or <i>Usua</i> (grandmother), <i>Umau</i> or <i>Umaa</i> (grandfather)) help with the less strenuous chores around the home, such as rope-making, tanning leather, carving of beehives, three-legged wooden stools, cleaning and decorating calabashes, making bows and arrows, etc. Older women continue to work the land, as this is seen as a source of independence and economic security. They also carry out trade in the local markets, though not exclusively. In the modern Akamba family, the women, especially in the urban regions, practice professions such as teaching, law, medicine, nursing, secretarial work, management, tailoring and other duties in accordance with Kenya's socioeconomic evolution.The Kamba clans are: Anzauni, Aombe, Akitondo, Amwei (Angwina), Atwii, Amumui, Aethanga, Atangwa, Amutei, Aewani, Akitutu, Ambua, Aiini, Asii, Akiimi, Amũũti, Amũũnda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_and_Kamba_names">Naming and Kamba names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Naming and Kamba names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weaving_of_baskets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Weaving_of_baskets.jpg/220px-Weaving_of_baskets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Weaving_of_baskets.jpg/330px-Weaving_of_baskets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Weaving_of_baskets.jpg/440px-Weaving_of_baskets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Basket-weaving, one of the traditional skills of the Kamba.</figcaption></figure> <p>Naming of children is an important aspect of the Akamba people. In most but not all cases, the first four children, two boys and two girls, are named after the grandparents on both sides of the family. The first boy is named after the paternal grandfather and the second after the maternal grandfather. Girls are similarly named. Because of the respect that the Kamba people observe between the varied relationships, there are people with whom they cannot speak on "first name" terms. </p><p>The father and the mother in-law on the husband's side, for instance, can never address their daughter in-law by her first name. Neither can she address them by their first names. Yet she has to name her children after them. To solve this problem, a system of naming is adopted that gave names which were descriptive of the quality or career of the grandparents. Therefore, when a woman is married into a family, she is given a family name (some sort of baptismal name), such as "Syomunyithya/ng'a Mutunga", that is, "she who is to be the mother of Munyithya/Mutunga". </p><p>Her first son is to be called by this name. This name Munyithya was descriptive of certain qualities of the paternal grandfather or of his career. Thus, when she is calling her son, she would indeed be calling her father in-law, but at the same time strictly observing the cultural law of never addressing her in-laws by their first names. </p><p>After these four children are named, whose names were more or less predetermined, other children could be given any other names, sometimes after other relatives and / or family friends on both sides of the family. Occasionally, children were given names that were descriptive of the circumstances under which they were born: </p> <ul><li>"Nduku/Katuku" (girl) and "Mutuku/Kituku" (boy) meaning born at night,</li> <li>"Kiloko" (girl) and "Kioko" (boy) born in the morning,</li> <li>"Mumbua/Syombua/ Mbula" (girl) and "Wambua/Mbua" (boy) for the time of rain,</li> <li>"Wayua" (girl) for the time of famine,</li> <li>"Makau" (boy) for the time of war,</li> <li>"Musyoka/Kasyuko/Musyoki" (boy) and "Kasyoka/Kasyoki" (girl) as a re-incarnation of a dead family member,</li> <li>"Mutua/Mutui" (boy) and "Mutuo/Mwikali" (girl) as indicative of the long duration the parents had waited for this child, or a lengthy period of gestation.</li> <li>"Munyao" (boy) for the time of famine</li> <li>"Mueni/Waeni" (girl) for the time of visitors</li> <li>"Maundu" (boy) for the time of multiple activities/things</li> <li>"Muthami/Muthama" (boy) for the time of migration</li></ul> <p>Children were also given affectionate names as expressions of what their parents wished them to be in life. Such names would be like </p> <ul><li>"Mutongoi" (leader)</li> <li>"Musili" (judge)</li> <li>"Muthui" (the rich one)</li> <li>"Ngumbau" (hero, the brave one)</li> <li>"Kitonga" (wealthy one)</li></ul> <p>Of course, some of these names could be simply expressive of the qualities displayed by the man or woman after whom they were named. Very rarely, a boy may be given the name "Musumbi" (meaning "king"). I say very rarely because the Kamba people did not speak much in terms of royalty; they did not have a definite monarchical system. They were ruled by a council of elders called <i>king'ole</i>. There is a prophecy of a man, who traces his ancestry to where the sun sets (west) (in the present day county of Kitui) who will bear this name. </p><p>A girl could be called "Mumbe" meaning beautiful one or "Mwende" (beloved); Wild animal names like <i>Nzoka</i> (snake), <i>Mbiti</i> (hyena), <i>Mbuku</i> (hare), <i>Munyambu</i> (lion), or <i>Mbiwa</i> (fox); or domesticated animal names like <i>Ngiti</i> (dog), <i>Ng'ombe</i> (cow), or <i>Nguku</i> (chicken), were given to children born of mothers who started by giving stillbirths. This was done to wish away the bad omen and allow the new child to survive. Sometimes the names were used to preserve the good names for later children. There was a belief that a woman's later children had a better chance of surviving than her first ones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kikamba_music">Kikamba music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Kikamba music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Kamba_Dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Traditional_Kamba_Dancers.jpg/220px-Traditional_Kamba_Dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Traditional_Kamba_Dancers.jpg/330px-Traditional_Kamba_Dancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Traditional_Kamba_Dancers.jpg/440px-Traditional_Kamba_Dancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>A troupe of Kamba dancers engaged in a dance</figcaption></figure> <p>The Akamba people's love of music and dance is evidenced in their spectacular performances at many events in their daily lives or on occasions of regional and national importance. In their dances they display agility and athletic skills as they perform acrobatics and body movements. The Akamba dance techniques and style resemble those of the <a href="/wiki/Batutsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Batutsi">Batutsi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rwanda-Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rwanda-Burundi">Rwanda-Burundi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aembu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aembu">Aembu</a> of Kenya. The earliest, most famous and respected traditional Kamba soloist who can be documented was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mailu_Mboo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mailu Mboo (page does not exist)">Mailu Mboo</a> and came from "Kwa Vara" Now <a href="/wiki/Mwingi" title="Mwingi">mwingi</a>. </p><p>The following are some of the varieties of traditional dance styles of the Akamba community: </p> <ul><li><i>Mwali</i> (plural <i>Myali</i>), a dance accompanying a song, the latter which is usually made to criticise anti-social behaviour.</li> <li><i>Kilumi</i> and <i>Ngoma</i>, religious dances, performed at healing and rain-making ceremonies;</li> <li><i>Mwilu</i> is a circumcision dance;</li> <li><i>Mbalya</i> or <i>Ngutha</i> is a dance for young people who meet to entertain themselves after the day's chores are done.</li> <li><i>Kamandiko</i>, or the modern disco usually held after a wedding party.</li></ul> <p>Dances are usually accompanied by songs composed for the occasion (marriage, birth, nationally important occasion), and reflect the traditional structure of the Kikamba song, sung on a pentatonic scale. The singing is lively and tuneful. Songs are composed satirising deviant behaviour, anti-social activity, etc. The Akamba have famous work songs, such as <i>Ngulu Mwelela</i>, sung while work, such as digging, is going on. Herdsmen and boys have different songs, as do young people and old. During the Mbalya dances the dance leader will compose love songs and satirical numbers, to tease and entertain his/her dancers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing_and_costumery">Clothing and costumery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Clothing and costumery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Akamba of the modern times, like most people in Kenya, dress rather conventionally in western / European clothing. The men wear trousers and shirts. Young boys will, as a rule, wear shorts and short-sleeved shirts, usually in cotton, or tee-shirts. Traditionally, Akamba men wore leather short kilts made from animal skins or tree bark. They wore copious jewellery, mainly of copper and brass. It consisted of neck-chains, bracelets, and anklets. </p><p>The women in modern Akamba society also dress in the European fashion, taking their pick from dresses, skirts, trousers, jeans and shorts, made from the wide range of fabrics available in Kenya. Primarily, however, skirts are the customary and respectable mode of dress. In the past, the women were attired in knee-length leather or bark skirts, embellished with bead work. They wore necklaces made of beads, these obtained from the Swahili and Arab traders. They shaved their heads clean, and wore a head band intensively decorated with beads. The various kilumi or dance groups wore similar colours and patterns on their bead work to distinguish themselves from other groups. </p><p>Traditionally, both men and women wore leather sandals especially when they ventured out of their neighbourhoods to go to the market or on visits. While at home or working in their fields, however, they remained barefoot. </p><p>Schoolchildren, male and female, shave their heads to maintain the spirit of uniformity and equality. Currently the most popular Kamba artist include; Ken Wamaria, Kativui, Kitunguu, Katombi, Maima, Vuusya Ungu etc. Ken Wamaria is rated as the top artist in Ukambani and the richest Kenyan artist (Kioko, 2012). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_news_channels">Media and news channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media and news channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vernacular radio stations in Kenya where Kamba is the primary language spoken are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Athiani FM<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>County FM</li> <li>Mang'elete FM<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mbaitu FM<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Musyi FM<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Syokimau FM</li> <li>Thokoa FM<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mwatu FM</li> <li>Wikwatyo FM</li></ul> <p>Kyeni TV is a TV channel which broadcasts primarily in the Kamba language. </p><p>Mauvoo News<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an online news website which covers current affairs and local news touching on Kenya's three Akamba people Counties of Makueni, <a href="/wiki/Kitui_County" title="Kitui County">Kitui</a> and Machakos in the English language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Akamba_and_people_of_Akamba_descent">Notable Akamba and people of Akamba descent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable Akamba and people of Akamba descent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics,_activism_and_authorship"><span id="Academics.2C_activism_and_authorship"></span>Academics, activism and authorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Academics, activism and authorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Makau_Kiamba" title="Crispus Makau Kiamba">Crispus Makau Kiamba</a> - 5th Vice-Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamoya_Kimeu" title="Kamoya Kimeu">Kamoya Kimeu</a> - Kenyan paleontologist and curator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresia_Mbaika_Malokwe" title="Teresia Mbaika Malokwe">Teresia Mbaika Malokwe</a> - Kenyan environmentalist and health economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mbithi" title="Peter Mbithi">Peter Mbithi</a> - 7th Vice-Chancellor of the University of Nairobi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mulwa" title="David Mulwa">David Mulwa</a> - Kenyan writer, academic, theatre director and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mutiso" title="Rose Mutiso">Rose Mutiso</a> - Kenyan activist and materials scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makau_Mutua" title="Makau Mutua">Makau Mutua</a> - Kenyan born professor of law and the <a href="/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">dean</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo_Law_School" title="University at Buffalo Law School">University at Buffalo Law School</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduku_Kilonzo" title="Nduku Kilonzo">Nduku Kilonzo</a> - advisor in Gender and Rights Advocacy Panel to <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> and Commissioner with the Lancet Commission for Health in Sub-Saharan Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesmus_Kimweli_Mutungi" title="Onesmus Kimweli Mutungi">Onesmus Kimweli Mutungi</a> - first Kenyan to get a doctorate degree in law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Catherine_Ngila" title="Jane Catherine Ngila">Jane Catherine Ngila</a> - acting Executive Director of the <a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences" title="African Academy of Sciences">African Academy of Sciences</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Science_of_South_Africa" title="Academy of Science of South Africa">Academy of Science of South Africa</a>, winner of <a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al-UNESCO_For_Women_in_Science_Awards" title="L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards">L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award</a> 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musili_Wambua" title="Musili Wambua">Musili Wambua</a> - Associate Dean of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> Faculty of Law and Chancellor of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Embu" title="University of Embu">University of Embu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artists,_athletes_and_media"><span id="Artists.2C_athletes_and_media"></span>Artists, athletes and media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Artists, athletes and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Ivuti" title="Patrick Ivuti">Patrick Ivuti</a> - Kenyan long-distance athlete and 2007 <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Marathon" title="Chicago Marathon">Chicago Marathon</a> winner, 2009 <a href="/wiki/Prague_Marathon" title="Prague Marathon">Prague Marathon</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakai_Kilonzo" title="Kakai Kilonzo">Kakai Kilonzo</a> (1954 - 24 February 1987) - benga musician of Les Kilimambogo Brothers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Kimanzi" title="Francis Kimanzi">Francis Kimanzi</a> - former Harambee Stars head coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kisilu" title="Andrew Kisilu">Andrew Kisilu</a> - Footballer for <a href="/wiki/Nairobi_City_Stars" title="Nairobi City Stars">Nairobi City Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Kivuva" title="Jackson Kivuva">Jackson Kivuva</a> - Kenyan middle-distance runner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Kyallo" title="Betty Kyallo">Betty Kyallo</a> - Kenyan media personality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbithi_Masya" title="Mbithi Masya">Mbithi Masya</a> - Kenyan film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Masya" title="Benson Masya">Benson Masya</a> (14 May 1970 – 24 September 2003) - <a href="/wiki/Long_distance_runner" class="mw-redirect" title="Long distance runner">long distance runner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a> serial winners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Mativo" title="Alex Mativo">Alex Mativo</a> - Kenyan fashion designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Mbotela" title="Leonard Mbotela">Leonard Mbotela</a> - Kenyan journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Muindi" title="Jimmy Muindi">Jimmy Muindi</a> - Kenyan marathoner and 2005 <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Marathon" title="Rotterdam Marathon">Rotterdam Marathon</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Mulee" title="Jacob Mulee">Jacob "Ghost" Mulee</a> - former <a href="/wiki/Harambee_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Harambee Stars">Harambee Stars</a> head coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalekye_Mumo" title="Kalekye Mumo">Kalekye Mumo</a> - Kenyan media personality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mutiso" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Mutiso">Alexander Mutiso</a> - winner of the 2024 <a href="/wiki/London_Marathon" title="London Marathon">London Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Muthengi" title="Joey Muthengi">Joey Muthengi</a> - Kenyan media personality and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mutinda_Mutua" title="David Mutinda Mutua">David Mutinda Mutua</a> - Kenyan middle-distance runner, <a href="/wiki/2010_World_Junior_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics">2010 Moncton</a> 800 metres World Junior Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Mutinda" title="Julius Mutinda">Julius Mutinda</a> - Kenyan field hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mutua" title="Joseph Mutua">Joseph Mutua</a> - Kenyan middle-distance runner, former African Indoor 800 metres record holder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasiva_Mutua" title="Kasiva Mutua">Kasiva Mutua</a> - Kenyan percussionist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrie_Mutuku" title="Henrie Mutuku">Henrie Mutuku</a> - Kenyan <a href="/wiki/Gospel_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospel singer">gospel singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Makau_Musyoki" title="Patrick Makau Musyoki">Patrick Makau Musyoki</a> - former world record holder in marathon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Musyoki" title="Michael Musyoki">Michael Musyoki</a> - Kenyan long-distance athlete and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</a> 10,000 metres bronze medallist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nzau_Mwangangi" title="John Nzau Mwangangi">John Nzau Mwangangi</a> - Kenyan long distance runner and the gold medalist at the 2011 <a href="/wiki/African_Cross_Country_Championships" title="African Cross Country Championships">African Cross Country Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Mwendwa" title="Nick Mwendwa">Nick Mwendwa</a> - former president of <a href="/wiki/Football_Kenya_Federation" title="Football Kenya Federation">Football Kenya Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha_Mwilu" title="Asha Mwilu">Asha Mwilu</a> - prominent Kenyan journalist and overall winner of the 2016 CNN Multichoice African Journalist of the year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ndambuki" title="Daniel Ndambuki">Daniel Ndambuki</a> - Kenyan comedian who hosts the comedy television show <i><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Show" title="Churchill Show">Churchill Show</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_Ndeti" title="Cosmas Ndeti">Cosmas Ndeti</a> (b. 24 November 1971) - three-time winner of the Boston Marathon; set the course record in 1994 with a time of 2:07:15, that record stood for 12 years</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulinge_Ndeto" title="Mulinge Ndeto">Mulinge Ndeto</a> - former footballer for Kenya national team and <a href="/wiki/Ulinzi_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulinzi Stars">Ulinzi Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Ndiku" title="Caleb Ndiku">Caleb Ndiku</a> - Kenyan middle and long-distance runner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nzau" title="Joseph Nzau">Joseph Nzau</a> - Kenyan long-distance runner, winner of the 1983 <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a> and 1990 <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Marathon" title="Belgrade Marathon">Belgrade Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nzioki" title="Peter Nzioki">Peter Nzioki</a> - Kenyan actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Wavinya" title="Maria Wavinya">Maria Wavinya</a> - Miss World Kenya, 2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfred_Yavi" title="Winfred Yavi">Winfred Yavi</a> - Kenyan-born Bahraini athlete, <a href="/wiki/2023_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2023 World Athletics Championships">2023 World Athletics Championships</a> 3000 metres Steeplechase winner and <a href="/wiki/2024_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Olympics">2024 Olympics</a> champion</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Businesspersons_and_professionals">Businesspersons and professionals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Businesspersons and professionals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Ithau" title="Patricia Ithau">Patricia Ithau</a> - Chief Executive Officer of <a href="/wiki/WPP-Scangroup" title="WPP-Scangroup">WPP-Scangroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzamba_Kitonga" title="Nzamba Kitonga">Nzamba Kitonga</a> - former President of the <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Law_Society" title="East Africa Law Society">East Africa Law Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/COMESA" class="mw-redirect" title="COMESA">COMESA</a> Court of Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryne_Maundu" title="Kathryne Maundu">Kathryne Maundu</a> - Kenyan lawyer and Corporation Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Safaricom" title="Safaricom">Safaricom</a>, Kenya's largest mobile network operator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Mbithi" title="Rebecca Mbithi">Rebecca Mbithi</a> - Kenyan lawyer and former Chief Executive Officer of <a href="/wiki/Family_Bank" title="Family Bank">Family Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Musau" title="Wilfred Musau">Wilfred Musau</a> - Kenyan banker and former Chief Executive Officer of <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Kenya" title="National Bank of Kenya">National Bank of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Musyoka" title="Carol Musyoka">Carol Musyoka</a> - Kenyan lawyer and business executive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Mutua" title="Eric Mutua">Eric Mutua</a> - former chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Law_Society_of_Kenya" title="Law Society of Kenya">Law Society of Kenya</a> and treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Law_Society" title="East Africa Law Society">East Africa Law Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzomo_Mutuku" title="Nzomo Mutuku">Nzomo Mutuku</a> - former Chief Executive Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Retirement_Benefits_Authority_of_Kenya" title="Retirement Benefits Authority of Kenya">Retirement Benefits Authority of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Mutunga" title="Willy Mutunga">Willy Mutunga</a> - former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Kenya" title="Chief Justice of Kenya">Chief Justice of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Koki_Mutungi" title="Irene Koki Mutungi">Irene Koki Mutungi</a> - pilot for <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Airways" title="Kenya Airways">Kenya Airways</a> and the first woman in Africa to become certified as a captain of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_787" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 787">Boeing 787</a> "Dreamliner" aircraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena_Mwilu" title="Philomena Mwilu">Philomena Mwilu</a> - Deputy Chief Justice of Kenya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ndambuki" title="Angela Ndambuki">Angela Ndambuki</a> - Regional Director for Sub-Saharan Africa at <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">International Federation of the Phonographic Industry</a> and former Chief Executive Officer of the Kenya National Chamber of Commerce and Industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_Kilonzo" title="Stella Kilonzo">Stella Kilonzo</a> - former Chief Executive Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Authority_(Kenya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital Markets Authority (Kenya)">Capital Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Kivoi_Mwendwa" title="Chief Kivoi Mwendwa">Chief Kivoi Mwendwa</a> (1780 - 1852) - long distance trader who directed <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Krapf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Krapf">Ludwig Krapf</a> to Mount Kenya; lived in present-day Kitui; Voi Town is named after him</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitili_Maluki_Mwendwa" title="Kitili Maluki Mwendwa">Kitili Maluki Mwendwa</a> - first black Chief Justice of independent Kenya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzioka_Waita" title="Nzioka Waita">Nzioka Waita</a> - 2nd State House Chief of Staff under President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> and Head of the Presidential Delivery Unit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Waki" title="Philip Waki">Philip Waki</a> - retired Judge Court of appeal Kenya, best known for heading the 2008 Commission of Inquiry into Post-Election Violence, also known as the Waki Commission</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_security_services">Military and security services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Military and security services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Kianga" title="Jeremiah Kianga">Jeremiah Kianga</a> - former <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Kenya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the General Staff (Kenya)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliud_Mbilu" title="Eliud Mbilu">Eliud Mbilu</a> - former Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Navy" title="Kenya Navy">Kenya Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Mulinge" title="Jackson Mulinge">Jackson Mulinge</a> - former Chief of the General Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Defence_Forces" title="Kenya Defence Forces">Kenya Defence Forces</a> and first Kenyan to attain rank of full General</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Musyimi_Lele_Ndolo" title="Joseph Musyimi Lele Ndolo">Joseph Musyimi Lele Ndolo</a> - first African Chief of General Staff of the Kenya Defence Forces and <a href="/wiki/Commander_Kenya_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander Kenya Army">Commander Kenya Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Mutyambai" title="Hillary Mutyambai">Hillary Mutyambai</a> - former Deputy Director of <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)" title="National Intelligence Service (Kenya)">National Intelligence Service</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inspector-General_of_Police_(Kenya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspector-General of Police (Kenya)">Inspector-General of Police</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_and_diplomacy">Politics and diplomacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Politics and diplomacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Juma" title="Monica Juma">Monica Juma</a> - National Security Advisor to President <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> and former Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs, for Defence and Energy and Petroleum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivutha_Kibwana" title="Kivutha Kibwana">Kivutha Kibwana</a> - former cabinet minister, former Dean of Law Faculty University of Nairobi and former Governor <a href="/wiki/Makueni_County" title="Makueni County">Makueni County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiema_Kilonzo" title="Kiema Kilonzo">Kiema Kilonzo</a> - first Kenyan ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutula_Kilonzo" title="Mutula Kilonzo">Mutula Kilonzo</a> (2 July 1948 – 27 April 2013) - <a href="/wiki/Senior_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Counsel">Senior Counsel</a>, former Cabinet Minister and first Senator of <a href="/wiki/Makueni_County" title="Makueni County">Makueni County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Kivuitu" title="Samuel Kivuitu">Samuel Kivuitu</a> (1939 – 25 February 2013) - chairman of the now defunct <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_of_Kenya" title="Electoral Commission of Kenya">Electoral Commission of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopa_Kilonzo_Mailu" title="Cleopa Kilonzo Mailu">Cleopa Kilonzo Mailu</a> - former Cabinet Secretary of Health, Permanent Representative of Kenya to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">United Nations Office at Geneva</a> and first African Chief Executive Officer of <a href="/wiki/The_Nairobi_Hospital" title="The Nairobi Hospital">The Nairobi Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Makenga" title="Richard Makenga">Richard Makenga</a> - Member of Parliament, <a href="/wiki/Kaiti_Constituency" title="Kaiti Constituency">Kaiti Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Malombe" title="Julius Malombe">Julius Malombe</a> - Governor of <a href="/wiki/Kitui_County" title="Kitui County">Kitui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninah_Malonza" title="Peninah Malonza">Peninah Malonza</a> - Cabinet Secretary for East African Community, Arid and Semi-Arid Lands and Regional Development, former Cabinet Secretary for Tourism and Wildlife</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mathuki" title="Peter Mathuki">Peter Mathuki</a> - 6th Secretary General of the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mbiti_Gideon_Mati" title="Fred Mbiti Gideon Mati">Fred Mbiti Gideon Mati</a> - First African <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Kenya" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya">Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Muia" title="Julius Muia">Julius Muia</a> - Permanent Secretary in Kenyan Ministry of Finance and former Principal Secretary in the State Department for Planning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Musila" title="David Musila">David Musila</a> - former Provincial Commissioner, former Director Tourism, MP for Mwingi South (1998–2013), former Assistant Minister for Defense, first Senator <a href="/wiki/Kitui_County" title="Kitui County">Kitui County</a> and former Chairman Wiper Democratic Party</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutava_Musyimi" title="Mutava Musyimi">Mutava Musyimi</a>, MP - former Member of Parliament Gachoka constituency now Mbeere South Constituency in Embu County, Former Secretary General, National Council of Churches, Kenya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalonzo_Musyoka" title="Kalonzo Musyoka">Kalonzo Musyoka</a> - 10th Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kenya">Republic of Kenya</a> and party leader of <a href="/wiki/Wiper_Democratic_Movement_%E2%80%93_Kenya" title="Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya">Wiper Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mbui" title="Robert Mbui">Robert Mbui</a> - Minority Whip in the national Assembly and MP, Kathiani Constituency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Muthama" title="Johnson Muthama">Johnson Muthama</a> - Chairman of <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Alliance_(Kenya)" title="United Democratic Alliance (Kenya)">United Democratic Alliance</a> and First Senator of Machakos County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mutua" title="Alfred Mutua">Alfred Mutua</a> - Cabinet Secretary for Labour and Social Services, former Cabinet Secretary for Tourism and Wildlife and for Foreign and Diaspora Affairs, former Governor of <a href="/wiki/Machakos_County" title="Machakos County">Machakos County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mwangangi_Mueke" title="Jonathan Mwangangi Mueke">Jonathan Mwangangi Mueke</a> - former deputy Governor of Nairobi County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngala_Mwendwa" title="Ngala Mwendwa">Ngala Mwendwa</a> - member of Kenyan delegation to 1960 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Conferences_(Kenya)" title="Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya)">Lancaster House Conference</a> and former Labour minister under <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiva_Mwendwa" title="Nyiva Mwendwa">Nyiva Mwendwa</a> - first female Cabinet Minister in Kenya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Ndambuki" title="Gideon Ndambuki">Gideon Ndambuki</a> - former Member of Parliament, Kaiti Constituency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavinya_Ndeti" title="Wavinya Ndeti">Wavinya Ndeti</a> - Governor of <a href="/wiki/Machakos_County" title="Machakos County">Machakos County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ngei" title="Paul Ngei">Paul Joseph Ngei</a> (18 October 1923 – 15 August 2004) - politician who was imprisoned for his role in the anti-colonial movement, but who went on to hold several government ministerial positions after independence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Ngilu" title="Charity Ngilu">Charity Ngilu</a> - former Cabinet Secretary for Land, Housing and Urban Development and former Governor of <a href="/wiki/Kitui_County" title="Kitui County">Kitui County</a>; first woman to vie for presidency, in 1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachael_Kaki_Nyamai" title="Rachael Kaki Nyamai">Rachael Kaki Nyamai</a> - Kenyan Member of Parliament for Kitui South</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Sonko" title="Mike Sonko">Mike Sonko</a> - former Senator and Governor of <a href="/wiki/Nairobi_City_County" title="Nairobi City County">Nairobi City County</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urbanus_Joseph_Kioko" title="Urbanus Joseph Kioko">Urbanus Joseph Kioko</a> - former Bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Machakos" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Machakos">Roman Catholic Diocese of Machakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_Lele" title="Boniface Lele">Boniface Lele</a> - Catholic Archbishop (Emeritus), Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mombasa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mbiti" title="John Mbiti">John Samuel Mbiti</a> - Kenyan-born Christian theologian and philosopher, considered "father of modern African Theology"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kivuva_Musonde" title="Martin Kivuva Musonde">Martin Kivuva Musonde</a> - Catholic Archbishop, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Mombasa" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mombasa">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mombasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mwongela" title="Joseph Mwongela">Joseph Mwongela</a> - Bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kitui" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kitui">Roman Catholic Diocese of Kitui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_S._Ndingi_Mwana_a%27Nzeki" title="Raphael S. Ndingi Mwana a'Nzeki">Raphael S. Ndingi Mwana a'Nzeki</a> - retired Archbishop of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Nairobi" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Nzimbi" title="Benjamin Nzimbi">Benjamin Nzimbi</a> - retired Archbishop and Primate of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Kenya" title="Anglican Church of Kenya">Anglican Church of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetess_Syokimau" title="Prophetess Syokimau">Prophetess Syokimau</a> - prophetess and healer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-renamed_from_2021_on_20220715073913-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-renamed_from_2021_on_20220715073913_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&wpdmdl=5730&ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR">"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics"</a>. <i>Kenya National Bureau of Statistics</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605222711/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&wpdmdl=5730&ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kenya+National+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=2019+Kenya+Population+and+Housing+Census+Volume+IV%3A+Distribution+of+Population+by+Socio-Economic+Characteristics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knbs.or.ke%2F%3Fwpdmpro%3D2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics%26wpdmdl%3D5730%26ind%3D7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamba-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kamba_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?rop3=104515">"Kamba of Kenya"</a>. Joshua Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515210251/http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?rop3=104515">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kamba+of+Kenya&rft.pub=Joshua+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joshuaproject.net%2Fpeople-profile.php%3Frop3%3D104515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kenya-atlas.org/pdf/Socio-Economic_Atlas_of_Kenya_2nd_edition_hires.pdf">"Socio-Economic Atlas of Kenya"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027034340/https://www.kenya-atlas.org/pdf/Socio-Economic_Atlas_of_Kenya_2nd_edition_hires.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Socio-Economic+Atlas+of+Kenya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenya-atlas.org%2Fpdf%2FSocio-Economic_Atlas_of_Kenya_2nd_edition_hires.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bindloss-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bindloss_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bindloss_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Bindloss, Tom Parkinson, Matt Fletcher, <i>Lonely Planet Kenya</i>, (Lonely Planet: 2003), p.35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaplan-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1984" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Irving (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-RmBykDaQyoC"><i>Kenya, a country study</i></a>. Foreign Area Studies, American University. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160109022922/https://books.google.com/books?id=-RmBykDaQyoC">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kenya%2C+a+country+study&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Foreign+Area+Studies%2C+American+University&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Irving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-RmBykDaQyoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold Curtis, <i>Kenya: a visitor's guide</i>, (Evans Brothers: 1985), p.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics">"2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics"</a>. <i>Kenya National Bureau of Statistics</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200325000835/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kenya+National+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=2019+Kenya+Population+and+Housing+Census+Volume+IV%3A+Distribution+of+Population+by+Socio-Economic+Characteristics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knbs.or.ke%2F%3Fwpdmpro%3D2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMwangangi2019" class="citation web cs1">Mwangangi, J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.machakos.org&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+Akamba+People&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.machakos.org%2Fakamaba-people%2F23-origins-of-the-akamba-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2014/06/kamba-people-intelligent-brave-skillful.html">"KAMBA PEOPLE: INTELLIGENT, BRAVE, SKILLFUL CRAFT MEN, DRUMMING AND DANCING PEOPLE OF KENYA WHO ALSO FOUNDED AFRICAN TOWNS IN PARAGUAY"</a>. <i>KAMBA PEOPLE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428061629/https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2014/06/kamba-people-intelligent-brave-skillful.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KAMBA+PEOPLE&rft.atitle=KAMBA+PEOPLE%3A+INTELLIGENT%2C+BRAVE%2C+SKILLFUL+CRAFT+MEN%2C+DRUMMING+AND+DANCING+PEOPLE+OF+KENYA+WHO+ALSO+FOUNDED+AFRICAN+TOWNS+IN+PARAGUAY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F06%2Fkamba-people-intelligent-brave-skillful.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hivisasa.com-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hivisasa.com_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hivisasa.com/posts/128581">"Akamba people in Paraguay"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525175032/http://www.hivisasa.com/posts/128581">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akamba+people+in+Paraguay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hivisasa.com%2Fposts%2F128581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-investmentnews.co.ke-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-investmentnews.co.ke_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investmentnews.co.ke/travel-and-culture/appreciating-akamba-paraguay-south-america/">"Appreciating the Akamba of Paraguay in South America"</a>. <i>investmentnews.co.ke</i>. 15 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026022541/http://investmentnews.co.ke/travel-and-culture/appreciating-akamba-paraguay-south-america/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=investmentnews.co.ke&rft.atitle=Appreciating+the+Akamba+of+Paraguay+in+South+America&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestmentnews.co.ke%2Ftravel-and-culture%2Fappreciating-akamba-paraguay-south-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://owaahh.com/the-kamba-of-paraguay/">"The Kamba of Paraguay - Owaahh"</a>. 16 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708043404/http://owaahh.com/the-kamba-of-paraguay/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kamba+of+Paraguay+-+Owaahh&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fowaahh.com%2Fthe-kamba-of-paraguay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenyans.co.ke-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kenyans.co.ke_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/47049-kamba-community-south-americas-paraguay">"Little known Kenyan Tribe Living in South America for 200 Years"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224142953/https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/47049-kamba-community-south-americas-paraguay">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Little+known+Kenyan+Tribe+Living+in+South+America+for+200+Years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyans.co.ke%2Fnews%2F47049-kamba-community-south-americas-paraguay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Business_Daily-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Business_Daily_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/society/-Kamba-culture-thrives-in-Paraguay-200/3405664-5088226-u73e3hz/index.html">"Kamba culture thrives in Paraguay 200 years on"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426181844/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/society/-Kamba-culture-thrives-in-Paraguay-200/3405664-5088226-u73e3hz/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kamba+culture+thrives+in+Paraguay+200+years+on&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessdailyafrica.com%2Flifestyle%2Fsociety%2F-Kamba-culture-thrives-in-Paraguay-200%2F3405664-5088226-u73e3hz%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnkam-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnkam_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kam">"Ethnologue – Kamba"</a>. Ethnologue.com. 19 February 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010215607/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kam">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue+%E2%80%93+Kamba&rft.pub=Ethnologue.com&rft.date=1999-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Dkam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamba_Wood_Carving-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kamba_Wood_Carving_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenya-information-guide.com/kamba-tribe.html">"Kamba Tribe - Kenya's Bantu Tribe: Their History and Culture"</a>. Kenya-information-guide.com. 13 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429071026/http://www.kenya-information-guide.com/kamba-tribe.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kamba+Tribe+-+Kenya%27s+Bantu+Tribe%3A+Their+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=Kenya-information-guide.com&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenya-information-guide.com%2Fkamba-tribe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/units/4029/kings-african-rifles">"King's African Rifles - Regiment History, War & Military Records & Archives"</a>. <i>www.forces-war-records.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204052638/https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/units/4029/kings-african-rifles">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.forces-war-records.co.uk&rft.atitle=King%27s+African+Rifles+-+Regiment+History%2C+War+%26+Military+Records+%26+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces-war-records.co.uk%2Funits%2F4029%2Fkings-african-rifles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackpast.org/gah/mau-mau-1952-1960">"Mau Mau (1952-1960)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519174346/http://www.blackpast.org/gah/mau-mau-1952-1960">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mau+Mau+%281952-1960%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fgah%2Fmau-mau-1952-1960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://athianifm.com/">"Athiani FM"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306070449/http://athianifm.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athiani+FM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fathianifm.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kcomnet.org/radio-mangelete/">Mangelete FM</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mbaitufm.com/">"Mbaitu FM"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220180143/http://mbaitufm.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mbaitu+FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmbaitufm.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalmedia.co.ke/brands/musyi-fm/">"Musyi FM"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926061604/https://www.royalmedia.co.ke/brands/musyi-fm/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Musyi+FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalmedia.co.ke%2Fbrands%2Fmusyi-fm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thokoafm.com/">"Thokoa FM | Nitukyene"</a>. <i>www.thokoafm.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thokoafm.com&rft.atitle=Thokoa+FM+%7C+Nitukyene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thokoafm.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mauvoo.com/">"Mauvoo News - Authentic Local News; Delivered Innovatively"</a>. <i>Mauvoo News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423040605/https://mauvoo.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mauvoo+News&rft.atitle=Mauvoo+News+-+Authentic+Local+News%3B+Delivered+Innovatively&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmauvoo.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKioko2012" class="citation book cs1">Kioko, D. (2012). <i>The Akamba people and music</i>. Nairobi: Mvule publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Akamba+people+and+music&rft.place=Nairobi&rft.pub=Mvule+publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Kioko&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluegecko.org/kenya/tribes/kamba/history2.htm">The Kamba on bluegekco, Tribes of Kenya</a></li> <li>Ethnology of A-Kamba and Other Cb Author; C. W. Hobley</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.go.ke/">Kenyan Parliament</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002065531/http://www.cma.or.ke/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=102">cma.or.ke</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php?page=aboutus&subpage=bogcontent">kengen.co.ke</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080701203557/http://www.bunge.go.ke/members.php">Members Of The 10th Parliament</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitoshi_Ueda1971" class="citation cs2">Hitoshi Ueda (1971), <i>Witchcraft and sorcery in Kitui of Kamba tribe</i>, Nairobi: University of Nairobi, Institute of African Studies, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL4762533M">4762533M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+and+sorcery+in+Kitui+of+Kamba+tribe&rft.place=Nairobi&rft.pub=University+of+Nairobi%2C+Institute+of+African+Studies&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL4762533M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Hitoshi+Ueda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kamba_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kamba people">Kamba people</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya_(by_linguistic_origin)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Kenya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Kenya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya_(by_linguistic_origin)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenya#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Kenya">Ethnic groups in Kenya</a> <small>(by linguistic origin)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agumba_people" title="Agumba people">Agumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajuni_people" title="Bajuni people">Bajuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonyi_people" title="Chonyi people">Chonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digo_people" title="Digo people">Digo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giriama_people" title="Giriama people">Giriama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibana_people" title="Jibana people">Jibana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisii_people" title="Kisii people">Kisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokomo_people" title="Pokomo people">Pokomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taita_people" title="Taita people">Taita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taveta_people" title="Taveta people">Taveta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariaal_people" title="Ariaal people">Ariaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ateker_peoples" title="Ateker peoples">Ateker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camus_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Camus people">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samburu_people" title="Samburu people">Samburu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kore_people" title="Kore people">Kore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiek_people" title="Okiek people">Okiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teso_people" title="Teso people">Teso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_people" title="Turkana people">Turkana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aweer_people" title="Aweer people">Aweer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_Oromo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Borana Oromo people">Borana Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daasanach_people" title="Daasanach people">Daasanach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Molo_people" title="El Molo people">El Molo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabra_people" title="Gabra people">Gabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orma_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Orma people">Orma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_people" title="Rendille people">Rendille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Kenya" title="Somalis in Kenya">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waata" title="Waata">Waata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaaku_people" title="Yaaku people">Yaaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Kenya" title="Chinese people in Kenya">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Indian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">European</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knbs.or.ke/censusethnic.php">Population and Housing Census - Ethnic Affiliation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143929#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143929#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143929#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85071390">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12362059b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12362059b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kambové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1025307&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538504705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032626533">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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