CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Derivatives market - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"130d1cdf-adc2-409a-976e-4e316565cc12","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Derivatives_market","wgTitle":"Derivatives market","wgCurRevisionId":1236570816,"wgRevisionId":1236570816,"wgArticleId":208941,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022","Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from July 2008","All articles needing additional references","Webarchive template wayback links","Derivatives (finance)","Financial markets"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Derivatives_market","wgRelevantArticleId":208941,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1934287","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture", "bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Derivatives market - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivatives_market"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivatives_market"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Derivatives_market rootpage-Derivatives_market skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Derivatives+market" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Derivatives+market" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Derivatives+market" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Derivatives+market" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Participants_in_a_derivative_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participants_in_a_derivative_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Participants in a derivative market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Participants_in_a_derivative_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_trades_in_a_derivative_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_trades_in_a_derivative_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of trades in a derivative market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_trades_in_a_derivative_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Futures_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Futures_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Futures markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Futures_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Over-the-counter_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Over-the-counter_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Over-the-counter markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Over-the-counter_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Netting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_the_financial_crisis_of_2007–2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_the_financial_crisis_of_2007–2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Role in the financial crisis of 2007–2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_the_financial_crisis_of_2007–2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Derivatives market</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سوق المشتقات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوق المشتقات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminmarkt" title="Terminmarkt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Terminmarkt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercado_de_derivados" title="Mercado de derivados – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mercado de derivados" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بازار مشتقات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازار مشتقات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="डेरिवेटिव्स बाजार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डेरिवेटिव्स बाजार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasar_derivatif" title="Pasar derivatif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pasar derivatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercato_derivato" title="Mercato derivato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mercato derivato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%22%D7%A3" title="שוק המעו"ף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שוק המעו"ף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Уламжлагдсан зах зээл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уламжлагдсан зах зээл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rynek_terminowy" title="Rynek terminowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rynek terminowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Срочный рынок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Срочный рынок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrev_piyasas%C4%B1" title="Türev piyasası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türev piyasası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Ринок похідних цінних паперів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ринок похідних цінних паперів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%8B_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_t%C3%A0i_ch%C3%ADnh_ph%C3%A1i_sinh" title="Thị trường tài chính phái sinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thị trường tài chính phái sinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="金融衍生市場 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金融衍生市場" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="金融衍生市场 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金融衍生市场" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1934287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Derivatives_market" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Derivatives_market" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Derivatives_market"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Derivatives_market"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Derivatives_market" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Derivatives_market" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&oldid=1236570816" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Derivatives_market&id=1236570816&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDerivatives_market"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDerivatives_market"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Derivatives_market&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1934287" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Financial market for derivatives</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Derivatives_market" title="Special:EditPage/Derivatives market">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Derivatives+market%22">"Derivatives market"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Derivatives+market%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Derivatives+market%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Derivatives+market%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Derivatives+market%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Derivatives+market%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Financial markets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Looking up at a computerized stocks-value board at the Philippine Stock Exchange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/200px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/300px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/400px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">Public market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(organized_market)" title="Exchange (organized market)">Exchange</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Securities</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Bond_market" title="Bond market">Bond market</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bond_valuation" title="Bond valuation">Bond valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">Corporate bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_income" title="Fixed income">Fixed income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">Government bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-yield_debt" title="High-yield debt">High-yield debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_bond" title="Municipal bond">Municipal bond</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Securitization" title="Securitization">Securitization</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">Stock market</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">Common stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_stock" title="Growth stock">Growth stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">Preferred stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_share" title="Registered share">Registered share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">Shareholder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbroker" title="Stockbroker">Stockbroker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_certificate" title="Stock certificate">Stock certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watered_stock" title="Watered stock">Watered stock</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Other markets</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.7em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.25em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Derivatives</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Credit_derivative" title="Credit derivative">Credit derivative</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Futures_exchange" title="Futures exchange">Futures exchange</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_security" title="Hybrid security">Hybrid security</a>)</li></ul></div> </div> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">Foreign exchange</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">Exchange rate</a>)</li></ul></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange-traded_fund" title="Exchange-traded fund">ETF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_market" title="Money market">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_fund" title="Mutual fund">Mutual fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">Option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_product" title="Structured product">Structured product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swap_(finance)" title="Swap (finance)">Swap (finance)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter (off-exchange)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.7em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forward_contract" title="Forward contract">Forwards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">Options</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spot_market" title="Spot market">Spot market</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Swap_(finance)" title="Swap (finance)">Swaps</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Trader_(finance)" title="Trader (finance)">Trading</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_participants" title="Financial market participants">Participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">Clearing</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_investment" title="Alternative investment">Alternative investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asset_(economics)" title="Asset (economics)">Asset (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asset_pricing" title="Asset pricing">Asset pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banks and banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_(stock_market_speculator)" title="Bull (stock market speculator)">Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversification_(finance)" title="Diversification (finance)">Diversification (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">Environmental finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_analysis" title="Financial analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_analyst" title="Financial analyst">analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_betting" title="Financial betting">betting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crime" title="Financial crime">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_forecast" title="Financial forecast">forecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">Fintech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">Greenwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_investing" title="Growth investing">Growth investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">Investment management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_risk" title="Market risk">Market risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_trend" title="Market trend">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_attack" title="Speculative attack">Speculative attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development_goals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable development goals">Sustainable development goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">Sustainable finance</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Financial_markets" title="Template:Financial markets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Financial_markets" title="Template talk:Financial markets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Financial_markets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Financial markets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>derivatives market</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial market</a> for <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">derivatives</a> - <a href="/wiki/Financial_instrument" title="Financial instrument">financial instruments</a> like futures contracts or options - which are derived from other forms of <a href="/wiki/Underlying_asset" class="mw-redirect" title="Underlying asset">assets</a>. </p><p>The market can be divided into two, that for <a href="/wiki/Exchange-traded_derivative_contract" title="Exchange-traded derivative contract">exchange-traded derivatives</a> and that for <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">over-the-counter derivatives</a>. The legal nature of these products is very different, as well as the way they are traded, though many market participants are active in both. The derivatives market in Europe has a <a href="/wiki/Notional_amount" title="Notional amount">notional amount</a> of €660 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants_in_a_derivative_market">Participants in a derivative market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Participants in a derivative market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Participants in a derivative market can be segregated into four sets based on their trading motives.<sup id="cite_ref-Sasidharan2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sasidharan2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(finance)" title="Margin (finance)">Margin Traders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">Arbitrageurs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_trades_in_a_derivative_market">Types of trades in a derivative market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of trades in a derivative market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-Risk_Traders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-Risk Traders (page does not exist)">Directional Trades</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-Risk_Trades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low-Risk Trades (page does not exist)">Spreads</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-Risk_Trades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No-Risk Trades (page does not exist)">Arbitrage positions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hedged_Trades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hedged Trades (page does not exist)">Hedged Trades</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Futures_markets">Futures markets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Futures markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Futures_exchange" title="Futures exchange">Futures exchange</a></div> <p>Futures exchanges, such as <a href="/wiki/Euronext.liffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Euronext.liffe">Euronext.liffe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a>, trade in standardized derivative contracts. These are <a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">options contracts</a>, swaps contracts and <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures contracts</a> on a whole range of <a href="/wiki/Underlying" class="mw-redirect" title="Underlying">underlying</a> products. The members of the exchange hold positions in these contracts with the exchange, who acts as central <a href="/wiki/Counterparty" title="Counterparty">counterparty</a>. When one party goes <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_writer,_long_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The writer, long (finance) (page does not exist)">long</a> (buys a futures contract), another goes <a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">short</a> (sells). When a new contract is introduced, the total position in the contract is zero. Therefore, the sum of all the long positions must be equal to the sum of all the short positions. In other words, risk is transferred from one party to another is a type of a <b>zero sum game</b>. The total <a href="/wiki/Notional_amount" title="Notional amount">notional amount</a> of all the outstanding positions at the end of June 2004 stood at $53 <a href="/wiki/Trillion_(short_scale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trillion (short scale)">trillion</a> (source: <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a> (BIS): <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/regpubl.htm">[1]</a>). That figure grew to $81 trillion by the end of March 2008 (source: BIS <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qa0806.pdf#page=108">[2]</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Over-the-counter_markets">Over-the-counter markets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Over-the-counter markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tailor-made derivatives, not traded on a futures exchange are traded on <b>over-the-counter markets</b>, also known as the OTC market. These consist of <a href="/wiki/Investment_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment bank">investment banks</a> with traders who <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">make markets</a> in these derivatives, and clients such as <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge funds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government-sponsored_enterprise" title="Government-sponsored enterprise">government-sponsored enterprises</a>, etc. Products that are always traded <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">over-the-counter</a> are <a href="/wiki/Swap_(finance)" title="Swap (finance)">swaps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forward_rate_agreement" title="Forward rate agreement">forward rate agreements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forward_contract" title="Forward contract">forward contracts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_derivative" title="Credit derivative">credit derivatives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accumulator_(structured_product)" title="Accumulator (structured product)">accumulators</a> etc. The total <a href="/wiki/Notional_amount" title="Notional amount">notional amount</a> of all the outstanding positions at the end of June 2004 stood at $220 trillion (source: BIS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/regpubl.htm">[3]</a>). By the end of 2007 this figure had risen to $596 trillion and in 2009 it stood at $615 trillion (source: BIS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bis.org/statistics/otcder/dt1920a.pdf">[4]</a>) </p><p>OTC Markets are generally separated into two key segments: the customer market and the interdealer market. Customers almost exclusively trade through dealers because of the high search and transaction costs. <a href="/wiki/Broker-dealer" title="Broker-dealer">Dealers</a> are large institutions that arrange transactions for their customers, utilizing their specialized knowledge, expertise, and access to capital. In order to hedge the risks incurred by transacting with customers, dealers turn to the interdealer market, or the exchange-traded markets. Dealers can also trade for themselves or act as market makers in the OTC market (source: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://chicagofed.org/digital_assets/publications/understanding_derivatives/understanding_derivatives_chapter_3_over_the_counter_derivatives.pdf">[5]</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Netting">Netting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Netting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>US</b>: Figures below are from the second quarter of 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.occ.treas.gov/deriv/deriv.htm">[6]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226220104/http://www.occ.treas.gov/deriv/deriv.htm">Archived</a> 2007-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </p> <ul><li>Total derivatives (notional amount): $182.2 trillion (second quarter, 2008) <ul><li>Interest rate contracts: $145.0 trillion (86%)</li> <li>Foreign exchange contracts: $18.2 trillion(10%)</li> <li>2008 Second Quarter, banks reported trading revenues of $1.6 billion</li></ul></li> <li>Total number of commercial banks holding derivatives: 975</li></ul> <p>Positions in the OTC derivatives market have increased at a rapid pace since the last triennial survey was undertaken in 2004. Notional amounts outstanding of such instruments totalled $516 trillion at the end of June 2007 (according to the <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/release/2008-115a.pdf">[7]</a>), 135% higher than the level recorded in the 2004 survey (Graph 4). This corresponds to an annualised compound rate of growth of 34%, which is higher than the approximatively 25% average annual rate of increase since positions in OTC derivatives were first surveyed by the BIS in 1995. Notional amounts outstanding provide useful information on the structure of the OTC derivatives market but should not be interpreted as a measure of the riskiness of these positions. Gross market values, which represent the cost of replacing all open contracts at the prevailing market prices, have increased by 74% since 2004, to $11 trillion at the end of June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt0712.pdf">[8]</a> (page 28) </p><p>Notional amounts outstanding as of December 2012 are $632 trillion as per recent survey.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_the_financial_crisis_of_2007–2008"><span id="Role_in_the_financial_crisis_of_2007.E2.80.932008"></span>Role in the financial crisis of 2007–2008</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Role in the financial crisis of 2007–2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The derivative markets played an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>. <a href="/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap">Credit default swaps</a> (CDSs), financial instruments traded on the over the counter derivatives markets, and <a href="/wiki/Mortgage-backed_security" title="Mortgage-backed security">mortgage-backed securities</a> (MBSs), a type of securitized debt were notable contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leveraged operations are said to have generated an "irrational appeal" for risk taking, and the lack of clearing obligations also appeared as very damaging for the balance of the market. More specifically, interdealer collateral management and risk management systems proved to be inadequate. The <a href="/wiki/G-20" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20">G-20</a>'s proposals for financial markets <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=asUlN7J0cBLw&refer=latin_america">reform</a> all stress these points, and suggest: </p> <ul><li>higher capital standards</li> <li>stronger risk management</li> <li>international surveillance of financial firms' operations</li> <li>dynamic capital rules.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">Commodity market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitization" title="Securitization">Securitization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_engineering" title="Financial engineering">Financial engineering</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/esma-data-analysis-values-eu-derivatives-market-%E2%82%AC660-trillion-central-clearing">"ESMA data analysis values EU derivatives market at €660 trillion with central clearing increasing significantly"</a>. <i>esma.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esma.europa.eu&rft.atitle=ESMA+data+analysis+values+EU+derivatives+market+at+%E2%82%AC660+trillion+with+central+clearing+increasing+significantly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esma.europa.eu%2Fpress-news%2Fesma-news%2Fesma-data-analysis-values-eu-derivatives-market-%25E2%2582%25AC660-trillion-central-clearing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerivatives+market" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sasidharan2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sasidharan2009_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSasidharan2009" class="citation book cs1">Sasidharan (1 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Za-j1jrHqEC&pg=PA4"><i>Options Trading Strategies For The Bear Mkts</i></a>. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-015272-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-015272-4"><bdi>978-0-07-015272-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Options+Trading+Strategies+For+The+Bear+Mkts&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.isbn=978-0-07-015272-4&rft.au=Sasidharan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Za-j1jrHqEC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerivatives+market" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bis.org/statistics/dt1920a.pdf">http://www.bis.org/statistics/dt1920a.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Tooze" title="Adam Tooze">Adam Tooze</a>, <i>Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World</i>, London: Allen Lane and New York: Viking, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846140365" title="Special:BookSources/9781846140365">9781846140365</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinancial_Crisis_Inquiry_Commission_Hearing2010" class="citation book cs1">Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission Hearing (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fcic-static.law.stanford.edu/cdn_media/fcic-testimony/2010-0630-Greenberger.pdf"><i>The Role of Derivatives in the Financial Crisis – Testimony of Michael Greenberger, Law School Professor, University of Maryland School of Law</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+Derivatives+in+the+Financial+Crisis+%E2%80%93+Testimony+of+Michael+Greenberger%2C+Law+School+Professor%2C+University+of+Maryland+School+of+Law&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Financial+Crisis+Inquiry+Commission+Hearing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffcic-static.law.stanford.edu%2Fcdn_media%2Ffcic-testimony%2F2010-0630-Greenberger.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerivatives+market" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramBrown,_Gregory_W.Conrad,_Jennifer_C.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Söhnke M.; Brown, Gregory W.; Conrad, Jennifer C. (August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/45444/1/S0022109011000275a.pdf">"The Effects of Derivatives on Firm Risk and Value"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis</i>. <b>46</b> (4): 967–999. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022109011000275">10.1017/s0022109011000275</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3945906">3945906</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1550942">1550942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Financial+and+Quantitative+Analysis&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Derivatives+on+Firm+Risk+and+Value&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=967-999&rft.date=2011-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3945906%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1550942%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0022109011000275&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=S%C3%B6hnke+M.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Gregory+W.&rft.au=Conrad%2C+Jennifer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.lancs.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F45444%2F1%2FS0022109011000275a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerivatives+market" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramBrown,_Gregory_W.Fehle,_Frank_R.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Söhnke M.; Brown, Gregory W.; Fehle, Frank R. (Spring 2009). "International Evidence on Financial Derivatives Usage". <i>Financial Management</i>. <b>38</b> (1): 185–206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1755-053x.2009.01033.x">10.1111/j.1755-053x.2009.01033.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=471245">471245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Management&rft.atitle=International+Evidence+on+Financial+Derivatives+Usage&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=185-206&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D471245%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1755-053x.2009.01033.x&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=S%C3%B6hnke+M.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Gregory+W.&rft.au=Fehle%2C+Frank+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerivatives+market" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramFehle,_Frank_R.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Söhnke M.; Fehle, Frank R. (March 2007). "Competition without Fungibility: Evidence from Alternative Market Structures for Derivatives". <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 659–677. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jbankfin.2006.02.004">10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.02.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55973719">55973719</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=311880">311880</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Banking+and+Finance&rft.atitle=Competition+without+Fungibility%3A+Evidence+from+Alternative+Market+Structures+for+Derivatives&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=659-677&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55973719%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D311880%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jbankfin.2006.02.004&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=S%C3%B6hnke+M.&rft.au=Fehle%2C+Frank+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADerivatives+market" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Damodaran, A. (2013). Living with noise: Valuation in the face of uncertainty. Journal of Applied Finance, 23(2), 6-22.</li> <li>Weinberg, Ari, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2003/05/09/cx_aw_0509derivatives.html">"The Great Derivatives Smackdown"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> magazine, May 9, 2003.</li> <li>European Central Bank (Editor: Tom Kokkola), "The Payment System", Frankfurt am Main 2010, Chapter 3, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-899-0632-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-899-0632-6">978-92-899-0632-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/understanding-derivatives/index">Understanding Derivatives: Markets and Infrastructure</a> – Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> (<a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH</a>, Boston), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/warning/">"The Warning"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</a> TV public affairs program, October 20, 2009. "At the center of it all he finds <a href="/wiki/Brooksley_Born" title="Brooksley Born">Brooksley Born</a>, who speaks for the first time on television about her failed campaign to regulate the secretive, multitrillion-dollar derivatives market whose crash helped trigger the financial collapse in the fall of 2008."</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Derivatives_market" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Derivatives_market" title="Template:Derivatives market"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Derivatives_market" title="Template talk:Derivatives market"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Derivatives_market" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Derivatives market"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Derivatives_market" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Derivatives market</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">Derivative (finance)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">Options</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_neutral" title="Delta neutral">Delta neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_(options)" title="Exercise (options)">Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expiration_(options)" title="Expiration (options)">Expiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moneyness" title="Moneyness">Moneyness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_interest" title="Open interest">Open interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_risk" title="Pin risk">Pin risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk-free_interest_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Risk-free interest rate">Risk-free interest rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_price" title="Strike price">Strike price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_position" title="Synthetic position">Synthetic position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_(finance)" title="Greeks (finance)">the Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">Volatility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanilla_option" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanilla option">Vanillas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_option" class="mw-redirect" title="American option">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_option" title="Bond option">Bond option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_option" title="Call option">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_stock_option" title="Employee stock option">Employee stock option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_option" class="mw-redirect" title="European option">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_income" title="Fixed income">Fixed income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_option" title="Foreign exchange option">FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_style" title="Option style">Option styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Put_option" title="Put option">Put</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_(finance)" title="Warrant (finance)">Warrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exotic_option" title="Exotic option">Exotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_option" title="Asian option">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_option" title="Barrier option">Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket_option" title="Basket option">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_option" title="Binary option">Binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callable_bull/bear_contract" title="Callable bull/bear contract">Callable bull/bear contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chooser_option" title="Chooser option">Chooser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliquet_option" title="Cliquet option">Cliquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_option" title="Commodore option">Commodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_option" title="Compound option">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_start_option" title="Forward start option">Forward start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate_option" title="Interest rate option">Interest rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookback_option" title="Lookback option">Lookback</a></li> <li>Mountain range</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_option" title="Rainbow option">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_option" title="Spread option">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaption" title="Swaption">Swaption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Options_strategy" title="Options strategy">Strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backspread" title="Backspread">Backspread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_spread_(options)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box spread (options)">Box spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_(options)" title="Butterfly (options)">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_spread" title="Calendar spread">Calendar spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(finance)" title="Collar (finance)">Collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condor_(options)" title="Condor (options)">Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_option" title="Covered option">Covered option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_spread_(options)" title="Credit spread (options)">Credit spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debit_spread" title="Debit spread">Debit spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_spread" title="Diagonal spread">Diagonal spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fence_(finance)" title="Fence (finance)">Fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermarket_spread" title="Intermarket spread">Intermarket spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_butterfly_(options_strategy)" title="Iron butterfly (options strategy)">Iron butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_condor" title="Iron condor">Iron condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_roll_(options)" title="Jelly roll (options)">Jelly roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladder_(option_combination)" title="Ladder (option combination)">Ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_option" title="Naked option">Naked option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straddle" title="Straddle">Straddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangle_(options)" title="Strangle (options)">Strangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protective_option" title="Protective option">Protective option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratio_spread" title="Ratio spread">Ratio spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_reversal" title="Risk reversal">Risk reversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_spread" title="Vertical spread">Vertical spread</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bear_spread" title="Bear spread">Bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bull_spread" title="Bull spread">Bull</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valuation_of_options" title="Valuation of options">Valuation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelier_model" title="Bachelier model">Bachelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binomial_options_pricing_model" title="Binomial options pricing model">Binomial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_model" title="Black model">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes_model" title="Black–Scholes model">Black–Scholes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes_equation" title="Black–Scholes equation">equation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finite_difference_methods_for_option_pricing" title="Finite difference methods for option pricing">Finite difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_option#Valuation:_the_Garman–Kohlhagen_model" title="Foreign exchange option">Garman–Kohlhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heston_model" title="Heston model">Heston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_model_(finance)" title="Lattice model (finance)">Lattices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrabe%27s_formula" title="Margrabe's formula">Margrabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Put%E2%80%93call_parity" title="Put–call parity">Put–call parity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_methods_for_option_pricing" title="Monte Carlo methods for option pricing">MC Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_options_valuation" title="Real options valuation">Real options</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinomial_tree" title="Trinomial tree">Trinomial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanna%E2%80%93Volga_pricing" title="Vanna–Volga pricing">Vanna–Volga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swap_(finance)" title="Swap (finance)">Swaps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amortising_swap" title="Amortising swap">Amortising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asset_swap" title="Asset swap">Asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basis_swap" title="Basis swap">Basis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_swap" title="Commodity swap">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_variance_swap" title="Conditional variance swap">Conditional variance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_maturity_swap" title="Constant maturity swap">Constant maturity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correlation_swap" title="Correlation swap">Correlation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap">Credit default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_swap" title="Currency swap">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_swap" title="Dividend swap">Dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_swap" title="Equity swap">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_swap" title="Foreign exchange swap">Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_rate_agreement" title="Forward rate agreement">Forward Rate Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_swap" title="Inflation swap">Inflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate_swap" title="Interest rate swap">Interest rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overnight_indexed_swap" title="Overnight indexed swap">Overnight indexed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_return_swap" title="Total return swap">Total return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variance_swap" title="Variance swap">Variance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_swap" title="Volatility swap">Volatility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year-on-year_inflation-indexed_swap" title="Year-on-year inflation-indexed swap">Year-on-year inflation-indexed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_coupon_swap" title="Zero coupon swap">Zero Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-coupon_inflation_swap" title="Zero-coupon inflation swap">Zero-coupon inflation-indexed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forward_contract" title="Forward contract">Forwards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">Futures</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contango" title="Contango">Contango</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commodities_future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commodities future (page does not exist)">Commodities future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_future" title="Currency future">Currency future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_future" title="Dividend future">Dividend future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_market" title="Forward market">Forward market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_price" title="Forward price">Forward price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_contract#Spot–forward_parity" title="Forward contract">Forwards pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_rate" title="Forward rate">Forward rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_contract#Pricing" title="Futures contract">Futures pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate_future" title="Interest rate future">Interest rate future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(finance)" title="Margin (finance)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_backwardation" title="Normal backwardation">Normal backwardation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_futures" title="Perpetual futures">Perpetual futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-stock_futures" title="Single-stock futures">Single-stock futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slippage_(finance)" title="Slippage (finance)">Slippage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index_future" title="Stock market index future">Stock market index future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exotic_derivative" title="Exotic derivative">Exotic derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commodity_derivative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commodity derivative (page does not exist)">Commodity derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_derivative" title="Energy derivative">Energy derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_derivative" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight derivative">Freight derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_derivative" title="Inflation derivative">Inflation derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_derivative" title="Property derivative">Property derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_derivative" title="Weather derivative">Weather derivative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collateralized_debt_obligation" title="Collateralized debt obligation">Collateralized debt obligation (CDO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_proportion_portfolio_insurance" title="Constant proportion portfolio insurance">Constant proportion portfolio insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_for_difference" title="Contract for difference">Contract for difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit-linked_note" title="Credit-linked note">Credit-linked note (CLN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_default_option" title="Credit default option">Credit default option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_derivative" title="Credit derivative">Credit derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity-linked_note" title="Equity-linked note">Equity-linked note (ELN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_derivative" title="Equity derivative">Equity derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_derivative" title="Foreign exchange derivative">Foreign exchange derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_derivative" title="Fund derivative">Fund derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate_derivative" title="Interest rate derivative">Interest rate derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage-backed_security" title="Mortgage-backed security">Mortgage-backed security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_reverse_dual-currency_note" title="Power reverse dual-currency note">Power reverse dual-currency note (PRDC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Market issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_debt" title="Consumer debt">Consumer debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">Corporate debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Government debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal debt">Municipal debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_policy" title="Tax policy">Tax policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&oldid=1236570816">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&oldid=1236570816</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Derivatives_(finance)" title="Category:Derivatives (finance)">Derivatives (finance)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_markets" title="Category:Financial markets">Financial markets</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PDF_format_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations">Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2008" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2008">Articles needing additional references from July 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 July 2024, at 12:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derivatives_market&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9dtxv","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.376","walltime":"0.528","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1504,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":77816,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1890,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":55922,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 458.100 1 -total"," 38.65% 177.044 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.14% 124.331 1 Template:Cite_web"," 18.51% 84.787 1 Template:Financial_markets"," 18.20% 83.388 1 Template:Sidebar"," 12.30% 56.334 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 11.59% 53.078 1 Template:Ambox"," 11.10% 50.839 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.32% 42.704 1 Template:Derivatives_market"," 9.31% 42.655 2 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.241","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6596575,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mlwhb","timestamp":"20241122141329","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Derivatives market","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Derivatives_market","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1934287","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1934287","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-11T20:15:52Z","dateModified":"2024-07-25T12:08:09Z","headline":"financial market for derivatives"}</script> </body> </html>