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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierre Cambronne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="پير كامبرون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پير كامبرون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8C" title="ピエール・カンブロンヌ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピエール・カンブロンヌ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Камбронн, Пьер Жак Этьен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камбронн, Пьер Жак Этьен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pierre Cambronne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="П'єр Камброн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="П'єр Камброн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q472540#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Cambronne</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French general (1770–1842)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">Brigadier General</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Pierre Jacques Étienne Cambronne</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;">Viscount Cambronne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Cambronne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Pierre_Cambronne.jpg/220px-Pierre_Cambronne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Pierre_Cambronne.jpg/330px-Pierre_Cambronne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Pierre_Cambronne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="561" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Portrait of Cambronne, 1815</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1770-12-26</span>)</span>26 December 1770<br /><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 January 1842<span style="display:none">(1842-01-29)</span> (aged 71)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1792–1823</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Brigadier General</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Offizierskreuz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Offizierskreuz.jpg/15px-Offizierskreuz.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Offizierskreuz.jpg/23px-Offizierskreuz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Offizierskreuz.jpg/30px-Offizierskreuz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="273" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Officer of the Legion of Honour</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pierre Jacques Étienne, 1st Viscount Cambronne</b> (26 December 1770 – 29 January 1842), was a general of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>. A main strategist of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, he was wounded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Cambronne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cambronne was born in <a href="/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9bastien-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire">Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Communes_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Communes in France">commune</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, in the modern department of <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">Grenadiers</a> as a volunteer in 1792, serving under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Charles François Dumouriez</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt in the Vendée">Vendée</a>, took part in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_France_(1795)" title="Invasion of France (1795)">battle of Quiberon</a>, then in the <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_d%27Irlande" class="mw-redirect" title="Expédition d'Irlande">expedition to Ireland</a> under <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Hoche</a> in 1796. He then joined the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Alps" title="Army of the Alps">Army of the Alps</a> under <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a>, where he was promoted to command of a grenadier company at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Zürich">Battle of Zurich</a> (1799). </p><p>In 1800, he commanded a company under <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Corret_de_la_Tour_d%27Auvergne" title="Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne">Latour d'Auvergne</a>, and later succeeded him as First Grenadier of France. He was made a <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jena-Auerstedt">Battle of Jena</a> in 1806, given command of the 3rd Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Voltigeurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltigeurs">Voltigeurs</a> of the Guard in 1810, and was made a <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> the same year. (<i>Voltigeur</i>, a French word meaning <i>vaulter</i> or <i>leaper</i>, was a designation given to elite <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> units in the French Army, who acted as advance units of the main column.) </p><p>Cambronne then fought in <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Spain</a>, then joined <a href="/wiki/La_Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="La Grande Armée">La Grande Armée</a>. In <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">Russia</a> he commanded the 3rd Regiment of Voltigeurs of the Guard, and took part in the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bautzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Bautzen (1813)">Bautzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dresden" title="Battle of Dresden">Dresden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, before being promoted to <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Général">General</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_hundred_days_and_Waterloo">The hundred days and Waterloo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Cambronne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The hundred days and Waterloo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambronne_%C3%A0_Waterloo,_ARMAND-DUMARESQ_Charles-%C3%89douard_(1826-1895).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cambronne_%C3%A0_Waterloo%2C_ARMAND-DUMARESQ_Charles-%C3%89douard_%281826-1895%29.jpg/220px-Cambronne_%C3%A0_Waterloo%2C_ARMAND-DUMARESQ_Charles-%C3%89douard_%281826-1895%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cambronne_%C3%A0_Waterloo%2C_ARMAND-DUMARESQ_Charles-%C3%89douard_%281826-1895%29.jpg/330px-Cambronne_%C3%A0_Waterloo%2C_ARMAND-DUMARESQ_Charles-%C3%89douard_%281826-1895%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cambronne_%C3%A0_Waterloo%2C_ARMAND-DUMARESQ_Charles-%C3%89douard_%281826-1895%29.jpg/440px-Cambronne_%C3%A0_Waterloo%2C_ARMAND-DUMARESQ_Charles-%C3%89douard_%281826-1895%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption><i>Cambronne à Waterloo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Charles-%C3%89douard_Armand-Dumaresq" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Édouard Armand-Dumaresq">Charles-Édouard Armand-Dumaresq</a> (1826-1895)</figcaption></figure> <p>He became <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Napoleon_I)" title="Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)">Imperial Guard</a> in 1814, and accompanied <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoléon</a> into exile to the island of <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a>, where he was a military commander. He then returned with Napoléon to France on 1 March 1815 for <a href="/wiki/The_Hundred_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hundred Days">the Hundred Days</a>, capturing the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Sisteron" title="Sisteron">Sisteron</a> (5 March), and was made a <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> by Napoléon when they arrived at <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Cambronne was seriously wounded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a> and was taken prisoner by the British. He subsequently married the nurse who cared for him. </p><p>The exact circumstances of his surrender to the British are disputed. At the battle's conclusion, Cambronne was commanding the last <i>carré</i> (section) of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Guard_(France)" title="Old Guard (France)">Old Guard</a> when <a href="/wiki/Charles_Colville" title="Charles Colville">General Colville</a> called on him to surrender. According to a journalist named Rougement, Cambronne replied: "<i><a href="/wiki/La_garde_meurt_mais_ne_se_rend_pas" class="mw-redirect" title="La garde meurt mais ne se rend pas">La garde meurt mais ne se rend pas</a> !</i>" ("The Guard dies but does not surrender!"). These words were often repeated and put on the base of a statue of Cambronne in Nantes after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Boller_and_George_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boller_and_George-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other sources reported that Colville insisted and ultimately Cambronne replied with one word: "<i>Merde!</i>" (literally, "Shit!", figuratively, "Go to hell!")<sup id="cite_ref-Boller_and_George_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boller_and_George-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version of the reply became famous in its own right, becoming known as <i>le mot de Cambronne</i> ("the word of Cambronne") and repeated in <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>'s account of Waterloo in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables" title="Les Misérables">Les Misérables</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Rostand" title="Edmond Rostand">Edmond Rostand</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Aiglon" title="L'Aiglon">L'Aiglon</a></i>. The name Cambronne was later used as a polite euphemism ("What a load of old Cambronne!") and sometimes even as a verb, "<i>cambronniser</i>". </p><p>Cambronne always denied both Rougement's account and the one-word response, stating that he could not have said such a thing and remained alive. A series of letters to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> claimed that <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Halkett" title="Hugh Halkett">Hugh Halkett</a>, commanding the 3rd Hanoverian Brigade, captured Cambronne before he made any reply.<sup id="cite_ref-white2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The Guard dies ..." statement has also been ascribed to General <a href="/wiki/Claude-%C3%89tienne_Michel" title="Claude-Étienne Michel">Claude-Étienne Michel</a>. In July 1845 the sons of General Michel requested a royal decree stating that the words attributed to General Cambronne had in fact been said by their father, producing a number of witnesses and published historical works as evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attribution was left undecided.<sup id="cite_ref-white2011_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_career">Further career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Cambronne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAPOLEON_General_Cambronne_Aquatinta_1823-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NAPOLEON_General_Cambronne_Aquatinta_1823-9.jpg/220px-NAPOLEON_General_Cambronne_Aquatinta_1823-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NAPOLEON_General_Cambronne_Aquatinta_1823-9.jpg/330px-NAPOLEON_General_Cambronne_Aquatinta_1823-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NAPOLEON_General_Cambronne_Aquatinta_1823-9.jpg/440px-NAPOLEON_General_Cambronne_Aquatinta_1823-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Popular image of the 1820s illustrating the deeds of General Cambronne</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambronne_-_buste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Cambronne_-_buste.jpg/220px-Cambronne_-_buste.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Cambronne_-_buste.jpg/330px-Cambronne_-_buste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Cambronne_-_buste.jpg/440px-Cambronne_-_buste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Pierre Cambronne in <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cambronne was tried for <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> in France, but well defended by the royalist <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pierre_Berryer" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Pierre Berryer">Antoine Pierre Berryer</a>, he was acquitted on 26 April 1816. He later married Mary Osburn, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> nurse who had cared for him after Waterloo. </p><p>In 1820, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVIII of France">Louis XVIII</a> made him Commandant at <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">brigadier</a>, and made him a <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscount</a>. He retired to his birthplace in 1823, dying there in 1842. A statue of Cambronne was erected in <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> in 1848, and a square in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, the <i>Place Cambronne</i>, also commemorates him. </p><p>He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Cemetery_Mis%C3%A9ricorde" title="Cemetery Miséricorde">Cemetery Miséricorde</a>, Nantes. </p><p>He makes a fictional appearance in <a href="/wiki/C._S._Forester" title="C. S. Forester">C. S. Forester</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Hornblower" title="Horatio Hornblower">Hornblower</a> short story "<a href="/wiki/Hornblower_in_the_West_Indies#St._Elizabeth_of_Hungary" title="Hornblower in the West Indies">St. Elizabeth of Hungary</a>". Hornblower discovers Cambronne in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> engaged in an attempt to rescue Napoleon from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>. Cambronne's exact words at Waterloo are discussed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Cambronne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Sérieyx1931" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">William Sérieyx (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9761777f"><i>Cambronne</i></a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>: Jules Tallandier Éditions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambronne&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Jules+Tallandier+%C3%89ditions&rft.date=1931&rft.au=William+S%C3%A9rieyx&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k9761777f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Cambronne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boller_and_George-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boller_and_George_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boller_and_George_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoller,_Jr.George1989" class="citation book cs1">Boller, Jr., Paul F.; George, John (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theyneversaiditb00boll/page/11"><i>They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, and Misleading Attributions</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theyneversaiditb00boll/page/11">11–12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505541-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505541-2"><bdi>978-0-19-505541-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Never+Said+It%3A+A+Book+of+Fake+Quotes%2C+Misquotes%2C+and+Misleading+Attributions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505541-2&rft.aulast=Boller%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.&rft.au=George%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheyneversaiditb00boll%2Fpage%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Cambronne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrombert1988" class="citation journal cs1">Brombert, Victor (1988). Bloom, Harold (ed.). "Les Misérables: Salvation from Below". <i>Modern Critical Views: Victor Hugo</i>: 212–215.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Critical+Views%3A+Victor+Hugo&rft.atitle=Les+Mis%C3%A9rables%3A+Salvation+from+Below&rft.pages=212-215&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Brombert&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Cambronne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-white2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white2011_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-white2011_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2011" class="citation web cs1">White, John (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/miscellaneous/c_cambronne.html">"Cambronne's Words"</a>. <i>The Napoleon Series</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Napoleon+Series&rft.atitle=Cambronne%27s+Words&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon-series.org%2Fresearch%2Fmiscellaneous%2Fc_cambronne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Cambronne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Saint-Hilaire1845" class="citation book cs1">de Saint-Hilaire, Emile Marco (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/France/Guard/History/sthilaire/c_sthilaire15f.html">"Chapter V: The Guard during the Belgian Campaign in 1815"</a>. <i>Histoire anecdotique, politique et militaire de la Garde impériale</i> [<i>History anecdotal, political and military of the Imperial Guard</i>]. Gorsuch, Greg (trans.). Paris: Penaud.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+V%3A+The+Guard+during+the+Belgian+Campaign+in+1815&rft.btitle=Histoire+anecdotique%2C+politique+et+militaire+de+la+Garde+imp%C3%A9riale&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Penaud&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=de+Saint-Hilaire&rft.aufirst=Emile+Marco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon-series.org%2Fmilitary%2Forganization%2FFrance%2FGuard%2FHistory%2Fsthilaire%2Fc_sthilaire15f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Cambronne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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