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color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Minderico</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Minderico-language text"><i lang="drc">Piação do Ninhou</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Minde,_Portugal" title="Minde, Portugal">Minde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">500 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages" title="Latino-Faliscan languages">Latino-Faliscan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages" title="Iberian Romance languages">Ibero-Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Minderico</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Italic_language" title="Proto-Italic language">Proto-Italic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Latin" title="Old Latin">Old Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Romance_language" title="Proto-Romance language">Proto-Romance</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/drc" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:drc">drc</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mind1263">mind1263</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10869">Minderico</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Minderico</b>, also known as <span title="Minderico-language text"><i lang="drc">Piação do Ninhou</i></span> (the language of Minde), was originally a <a href="/wiki/Sociolect" title="Sociolect">sociolect</a> or a secret language spoken by textile producers and traders in the <a href="/wiki/Freguesia_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freguesia (Portugal)">freguesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Minde_(Alcanena)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minde (Alcanena)">Minde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alcanena" title="Alcanena">Alcanena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minderico_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After this initial phase (18th century), Minderico began to expand its vocabulary continuously and creatively. This expansion was (and continues to be) intimately related to the socio-cultural experiences of the inhabitants of Minde. For example, names and nicknames of well-known persons from Minde and the neighbouring areas were used as lexemes to express physical or psychological characteristics, as these characteristics were salient for those persons. This method of lexical formation can be explained by the fact that Minde, due to its geographical isolation, is a small and close knit community, where everyone knows one another. Therefore, using names of persons as a means to express the characteristics associated to them was immediately understood amongst members of the speech community; this was not an obstacle to effective communication. </p><p>The Interdisciplinary Centre for Social and Language Documentation (CIDLes), an institution dedicated to the research and documentation of endangered languages in Europe and the development of language technologies for lesser-used languages, is now working on the linguistic documentation of Minderico and, together with the speech community, on its <a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">revitalization</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minderico_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Languages of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant_(language)" title="Cant (language)">Cant (language)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minderico_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/drc/">Minderico</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minderico_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carvalho, José António de (1969). <i>Alguns Vocábulos do Calão Minderico</i>. Minde: Casa do Povo de Minde.</li> <li>Endruschat, Annette / Ferreira, Vera (2006). "Das Minderico", <i>Lusorama</i> 65–66, 206–229.</li> <li>Endruschat, Annette / Ferreira, Vera (2007). "Minderico: a diversidade linguística na homogeneidade portuguesa". In Glauco Vaz Feijó & Jacqueline Fiuza da Silva Regis (Hrsg.), <i>Festival de Colores: Dialoge über die portugiesischsprachige Welt</i>, Tübingen: Calepinus Verlag, 379–390.</li> <li>Ferreira, Vera (2009). "Moinho da fonte ancho da piação dos charales do Ninhou – uma do badalo a escadeirar na Terruja do Camões". <i>Jornal de Minde</i> nº 610, 8.</li> <li>Ferreira, Vera (2011). "De código secreto por língua do quotidiano a língua ameaçada. O CIDLeS e a revitalização do minderico". <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nerlei.pt/files/_Desafios_44_4ddfcac0a05ec.pdf">Desafios</a></i>, 36–37.</li> <li>Ferreira, Vera (2011). "Eine dokumentationslinguistische Beschreibung des Minderico". In Annette Endruschat & Vera Ferreira (Hrsg.), <i>Sprachdokumentation und Korpuslinguistik – Forschungsstand und Anwendung</i>. München: Martin Meidenbauer, 143–170.</li> <li>Ferreira, Vera & Peter Bouda. 2009. Minderico: an endangered language in Portugal. In Peter K. Austin, Oliver Bond, <a href="/wiki/Monik_Charette" title="Monik Charette">Monik Charette</a>, David Nathan & Peter Sells (eds.), <i>Proceedings of Conference on <a href="/wiki/Language_Documentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Documentation">Language Documentation</a> and Linguistic Theory 2</i>. London: SOAS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.hrelp.org/publications/ldlt2/papers/ldlt2_10.pdf">[1]</a></li> <li>Frazão, Francisco Santos Serra (1939). "Calão minderico—Alguns termos do «calão» que usam os cardadores e negociantes de Minde, concelho de Alcanena". In: <i>Revista Lusitana</i>, vol. XXXVII. Lisboa: Livraria Clássica Editora, 101–143.</li> <li>Martins, Abílio Madeira et al. (1993). <i>Piação dos Charales do Ninhou</i>. Minde: Centro de Artes e Ofícios Roque Gameiro.</li> <li>Martins, Abílio Madeira et al. (2004). <i>Piação dos Charales do Ninhou</i>. Minde: Centro de Artes e Ofícios Roque Gameiro.</li> <li>Martins, Abílio Madeira / Nogueira, Agostinho (2002). <i>Minde. História e Monografia</i>. Minde: Grafiminde.</li> <li>Matos, Alfredo 1966. "Mancheia de anotações a ‘Alguns vocábulos do calão Minderico’". <i>Jornal de Minde</i> nº 137, 4.</li> <li>Reis, Miguel Coelho dos 1983. <i>Vocabulário do Calão de Minde</i>. Mira de Aire: Tipografia Capaz.</li> <li>Vicente, Manuel Fernandes (2009). "Minderico renasce com apoio da Volkswagen a línguas ameaçadas". In: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAblico_(Portugal)" title="Público (Portugal)">Público</a>, edition of 17.08.2009, 22.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minderico_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324233928/http://www.cidles.eu/ltll/labs-wordbyword">Software para a Aprendizagem do Léxico Minderico</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cidles.eu/minderico-2/">Centro Interdisciplinar de Documentação Linguística e Social (CIDLeS)</a> page about Minderico</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709003322/http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=drc">SIL International – ISO 639-3 for Minderico</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822011005/http://minderico.caorg.pt/">Projecto DoBeS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minde-online.blogspot.com/2007/06/o-calo-de-minde.html">Minde Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714095254/http://www.minderico.com/minderico/seccao.asp?cod_seccao=53135">Minderico</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091013040628/http://www.piacaodoninhou.com/">Piação do Ninhou</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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