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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Portugal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Portugal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etymology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Roman Portugal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germanic_kingdoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germanic_kingdoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Germanic kingdoms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germanic_kingdoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Islamic period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconquista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconquista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Reconquista </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconquista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_of_Discoveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_Discoveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Age of Discoveries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Discoveries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iberian_Union_and_Restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberian_Union_and_Restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Iberian Union and Restoration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberian_Union_and_Restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pombaline_era_and_Enlightenment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pombaline_era_and_Enlightenment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pombaline_era_and_Enlightenment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crises_of_the_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crises_of_the_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Crises of the 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crises_of_the_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Republic_and_Estado_Novo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Republic_and_Estado_Novo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 First Republic and Estado Novo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Republic_and_Estado_Novo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carnation_Revolution_and_return_to_democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carnation_Revolution_and_return_to_democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 Carnation Revolution and return to democracy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carnation_Revolution_and_return_to_democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Territorial disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Law and justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Science and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urbanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Urbanization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Visual art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Portugal</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 288 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-288" aria-hidden="true" > 288 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A9h" title="Portugéh – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Portugéh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D" title="Португалэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Португалэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Португалие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Португалие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B1%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%8D" title="ፖርቱጋል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖርቱጋል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पुर्तगाल – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पुर्तगाल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Португалиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Португалиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="البرتغال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البرتغال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%93%DC%A0" title="ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Փորթուկալ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փորթուկալ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पुर्तगाल – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पुर्तगाल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poytuga" title="Poytuga – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Poytuga" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purtuwal" title="Purtuwal – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Purtuwal" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuqaliya" title="Portuqaliya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portuqaliya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پورتوقال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پورتوقال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" title="Portugis – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Portugis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="পর্তুগাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্তুগাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BB-t%C3%B4-g%C3%A2" title="Phû-tô-gâ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phû-tô-gâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Партугалія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Партугалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Партугалія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партугалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पुर्तगाल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पुर्तगाल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="པོ་ཅུ་གྷལ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པོ་ཅུ་གྷལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Португал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Португал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Португали – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Португали" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko" title="Portugalsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portugalsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putugaro" title="Putugaro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Putugaro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugallu" title="Portugallu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Portugallu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portiwgal" title="Portiwgal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Portiwgal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="لبرطقيز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبرطقيز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AF%DE%97%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0" title="ޕޯޗުގަލް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕޯޗުގަލް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziil_Binaashk%C7%AB%CC%81%C7%AB%C5%82ii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dziil Binaashkǫ́ǫłii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziil Binaashkǫ́ǫłii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalska" title="Portugalska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Portugalska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2" title="पोर्चुगल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पोर्चुगल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B" title="པོར་ཅུ་གལ་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="པོར་ཅུ་གལ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πορτογαλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πορτογαλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purtug%C3%A0l" title="Purtugàl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Purtugàl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Португалия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Португалия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalio" title="Portugalio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portugalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پرتغال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرتغال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portegal" title="Portegal – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Portegal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portokeesi" title="Portokeesi – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Portokeesi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phortaing%C3%A9il" title="An Phortaingéil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Phortaingéil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Phortiugal" title="Yn Phortiugal – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Phortiugal" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Portugaliya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Phortagail" title="A' Phortagail – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Phortagail" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Португали – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Португали" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B2" title="પોર્ટુગલ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોર્ટુગલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍀𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पोर्तुगाल – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पोर्तुगाल" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B9-th%C3%B2-ng%C3%A0" title="Phù-thò-ngà – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phù-thò-ngà" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88" title="포르투갈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포르투갈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokukala" title="Pokukala – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pokukala" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պորտուգալիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտուգալիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पुर्तगाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुर्तगाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalska" title="Portugalska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Portugalska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="পর্তুগাল – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পর্তুগাল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pausigalaq" title="Pausigalaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Pausigalaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Португали – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Португали" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhothugali" title="IPhothugali – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IPhothugali" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%BAgal" title="Portúgal – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Portúgal" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portogallo" title="Portogallo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portogallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C" title="פורטוגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטוגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portegal" title="Portegal – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Portegal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94ritigaal%C9%A9" title="Pɔritigaalɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔritigaalɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೋರ್ಚುಗಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೋರ್ಚುಗಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პორტუგალია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტუგალია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8E%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پُرتَگال – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پُرتَگال" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2rtugalsk%C3%B4" title="Pòrtugalskô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pòrtugalskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portyngal" title="Portyngal – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Portyngal" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porutigali" title="Porutigali – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Porutigali" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureno" title="Ureno – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ureno" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mputulukesi" title="Mputulukesi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mputulukesi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugala" title="Portugala – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Portugala" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2tigal" title="Pòtigal – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pòtigal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potidjal" title="Potidjal – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Potidjal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%BBgal" title="Portûgal – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Portûgal" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Португал – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Португал" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດປອກຕຸຍການ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດປອກຕຸຍການ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaleja" title="Portugaleja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Portugaleja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugallia" title="Portugallia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Portugallia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C4%81le" title="Portugāle – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Portugāle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalija" title="Portugalija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Portugalija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portogallo" title="Portogallo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Portogallo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulutugal" title="Pulutugal – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pulutugal" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalii" title="Portugalii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Portugalii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/potygu%27e" title="potygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="potygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A0l_(Stat)" title="Portugàl (Stat) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Portugàl (Stat)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A1lia" title="Portugália – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portugália" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2" title="पोर्चुगल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पोर्चुगल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Португалија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Португалија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4rtogaly" title="Pôrtogaly – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pôrtogaly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BD" title="പോർച്ചുഗൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോർച്ചുഗൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugall" title="Portugall – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Portugall" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potukara" title="Potukara – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Potukara" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पोर्तुगाल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोर्तुगाल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პორტუგალია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პორტუგალია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پورتوجال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پورتوجال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پرتغال – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرتغال" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯨꯒꯥꯜ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯨꯒꯥꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" title="Portugis – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Portugis" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%B2-d%C3%B2%CC%A4-ng%C3%A0" title="Buò-dò̤-ngà – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Buò-dò̤-ngà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertual" title="Pertual – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Pertual" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Португал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Португал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပေါ်တူဂီနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပေါ်တူဂီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potukali" title="Potukali – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Potukali" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पोर्तगाल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पोर्तगाल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2" title="पोर्चुगल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोर्चुगल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB" title="ポルトガル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルトガル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purtuallo" title="Purtuallo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Purtuallo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Португали – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Португали" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal/fe" title="Portugal/fe – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Portugal/fe" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porchugal" title="Porchugal – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Porchugal" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Португалий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Португалий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poorchugaal" title="Poorchugaal – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Poorchugaal" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Portugaliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पुर्तगाल – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पुर्तगाल" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پرتگال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرتگال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پرتګال – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پرتګال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puotigal" title="Puotigal – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Puotigal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Португал – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Португал" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B" title="ព័រទុយកាល់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព័រទុយកាល់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potugal" title="Potugal – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Potugal" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portugalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πορτογαλία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πορτογαλία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Portugaliya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Portugaliya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Dt%C4%ABt%C4%AB" title="Pōtītī – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Pōtītī" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portugalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Portugaliya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purtuyal" title="Purtuyal – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Purtuyal" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Портуґалія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Портуґалія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potukale" title="Potukale – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Potukale" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पुर्तगाल – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पुर्तगाल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پرتگال – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پرتگال" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugallu" title="Portugallu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Portugallu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portugalia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugallu" title="Portugallu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Portugallu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="පෘතුගාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෘතුගාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پورچوگال – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پورچوگال" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhuthukezi" title="IPhuthukezi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IPhuthukezi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko" title="Portugalsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Portugalsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalska" title="Portugalska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Portugalska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Портогалїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Портогалїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalijo" title="Portugalijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Portugalijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burtuqaal" title="Burtuqaal – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Burtuqaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پورتوگال – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پورتوگال" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugesokondre" title="Portugesokondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Portugesokondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Португалија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Португалија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugali" title="Portugali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Portugali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="போர்த்துகல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போர்த்துகல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brtqqiz" title="Brtqqiz – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Brtqqiz" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purtugalle" title="Purtugalle – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Purtugalle" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%82%89%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပေႃးတူႉၵၢဝ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပေႃးတူႉၵၢဝ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="పోర్చుగల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పోర్చుగల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A1l" title="Portugál – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Portugál" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศโปรตุเกส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโปรตุเกส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potukali" title="Potukali – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Potukali" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%89%E1%8F%A5%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B3" title="ᏉᏥᎦᎳ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏉᏥᎦᎳ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portekiz" title="Portekiz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portekiz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugali%C3%BDa" title="Portugaliýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Portugaliýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potugat" title="Potugat – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Potugat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Португалия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%81%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94" title="ᨄᨚᨑᨈᨘᨁᨗᨔ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨚᨑᨈᨘᨁᨗᨔ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Португалія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Португалія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پرتگال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرتگال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%87%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="پورتۇگالىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پورتۇگالىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzdauzyaz" title="Buzdauzyaz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Buzdauzyaz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portoga%C5%82o" title="Portogało – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Portogało" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalii" title="Portugalii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Portugalii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="Bồ Đào Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bồ Đào Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A4n" title="Portugän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Portugän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="葡萄牙" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaal" title="Portugaal – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Portugaal" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="葡萄牙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C" title="פארטוגאל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארטוגאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E1%BB%8D%CC%81rt%C3%BAg%C3%A0l" title="Pọ́rtúgàl – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pọ́rtúgàl" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄牙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portekiz" title="Portekiz – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portekiz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuhal" title="Portuhal – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Portuhal" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puortogal%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Puortogalėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Puortogalėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葡萄牙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E1%BB%8Dtugalu" title="Pọtugalu – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Pọtugalu" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Portugal" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" title="Portugis – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Portugis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalij%C9%99" title="Portugalijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Portugalijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%87%E2%B5%87%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3" title="ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portugal&params=39_N_8_W_type:country">39°N 8°W / 39°N 8°W / 39; -8</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Southwestern Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Portugal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Portugal (disambiguation)">Portugal (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Portuguese Republic</div><div class="ib-country-names">República Portuguesa (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Portugal"><img alt="Flag of Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/125px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/188px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/250px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" title="Flag of Portugal">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Portugal"><img alt="Coat of arms of Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="510" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal" title="Coat of arms of Portugal"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem:  <a href="/wiki/A_Portuguesa" title="A Portuguesa">A Portuguesa</a> "The Portuguese" <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" 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type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_Nacional_da_Republica_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Portugal_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EU-Portugal_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-EU-Portugal_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EU-Portugal_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-EU-Portugal_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EU-Portugal_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-EU-Portugal_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg/250px-EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg/375px-EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg/500px-EU-Portugal_with_islands_circled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a>Show map of the European Union</div></div><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Portugal (dark green)– in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (green & dark grey) – in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (green)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portugal&params=38_46_N_9_9_W_type:city">38°46′N 9°9′W / 38.767°N 9.150°W / 38.767; -9.150</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognised regional languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a><a href="#cite_note-pt_lang-3">[a]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2023)<a href="#cite_note-aima-4">[3]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>90.2% <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a></li><li>09.8% <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Portugal" title="Immigration to Portugal">foreigners</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-Censos2021-5">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>84.8% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>80.2% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Portugal" title="Catholic Church in Portugal">Catholicism</a></li> <li>4.6% other <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>14.1% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li>1.1% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">other</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential republic</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Luís Montenegro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="List of presidents of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Speaker</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Aguiar-Branco" title="José Pedro Aguiar-Branco">José Pedro Aguiar-Branco</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Assembly of the Republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">Establishment</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">868</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C3%A3o_Mamede" title="Battle of São Mamede">Sovereignty</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 June 1128</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 July 1139</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zamora" title="Treaty of Zamora">Treaty of Zamora</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 October 1143</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Manifestis_Probatum" title="Manifestis Probatum">Manifestis Probatum</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 May 1179</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitution_of_1822" title="Portuguese Constitution of 1822">First constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 September 1822</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 October 1910</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Democratization</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 1974</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Current constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 1976<a href="#cite_note-c-8">[c]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">92,230 km2 (35,610 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">109th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.2 (2015)<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 10,639,726<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">88th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2021 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 10,343,066<a href="#cite_note-auto2-13">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">115.4/km2 (298.9/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $508.508 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.PT-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">51st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $49,237<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.PT-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">40th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $303.032 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.PT-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">47th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $29,341<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.PT-14">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">41st</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2023)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 33.7<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.874<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-16">[13]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">42nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[d]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">WET</a>) UTC−1 (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic/Azores" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic/Azores">Atlantic/Azores</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1 (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time" title="Western European Summer Time">WEST</a>) UTC (Atlantic/Azores)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data">Note: <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Continental Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> use WET/WEST; the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> are 1 hour behind.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Portugal" title="Telephone numbers in Portugal">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Portugal" title="Telephone numbers in Portugal">+351</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PT" title="ISO 3166-2:PT">PT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.pt" title=".pt">.pt</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Portugal,<a href="#cite_note-18">[e]</a> officially the Portuguese Republic,<a href="#cite_note-19">[f]</a> is a country in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Europe">Southwestern Europe</a>. Featuring <a href="/wiki/Cabo_da_Roca" title="Cabo da Roca">the westernmost point</a> in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, to its north and east is Spain, with which it shares <a href="/wiki/Portugal-Spain_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal-Spain border">the longest uninterrupted border</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>; to the south and the west is the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>; and to the west and southwest lie the <a href="/wiki/Macaronesia" title="Macaronesia">Macaronesian archipelagos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, which are two <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">autonomous regions of Portugal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Portugal">largest city</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, which is the only other <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_in_Portugal" title="Metropolitan areas in Portugal">metropolitan area</a>. The western part of the Iberian Peninsula has been continuously inhabited since <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">prehistoric times</a>, with the earliest signs of settlement dating to 5500 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-20">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Iberian</a> peoples <a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_People_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman People of the Iberian Peninsula">arrived in the first millennium BCE</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Punic</a> influence reaching the south during the same period. The region came under <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> control in the second century BCE, followed by a succession of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> from the fifth to eighth centuries CE. <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Muslims conquered</a> most of the Iberian Peninsula in the eighth century CE, but were gradually expelled by the Christian <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Reconquista" title="Portugal in the Reconquista">Reconquista</a> over the next several centuries. Modern Portugal began taking shape during this period, initially as a <a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">county</a> of the Christian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a> in 868, and ultimately as an independent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zamora" title="Treaty of Zamora">Treaty of Zamora</a> in 1143.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[15]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, the Kingdom of Portugal established itself as a major economic and political power, largely through its maritime empire, which extended mostly along the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic">South Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> coasts.<a href="#cite_note-22">[16]</a> Portuguese explorers and merchants were instrumental in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">establishing trading posts and colonies</a> that enabled control over spices and slave trades.<a href="#cite_note-23">[17]</a> While Portugal expanded its influence globally, its political and military power faced internal and external challenges towards the end of the 16th century. The <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Portuguese_Succession" title="War of the Portuguese Succession">dynastic crisis</a> marked the beginning of the country's political decline that led to the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a> (1580-1640), a period in which Portugal was united under Spanish rule.<a href="#cite_note-24">[18]</a> While maintaining a degree of self-governance, the union strained Portugal’s autonomy and drew it into conflicts with European powers which targeted Portuguese territories and trade routes.<a href="#cite_note-25">[19]</a> Portugal's prior opulence was further exacerbated by a series of events, such as the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a>, which destroyed the city and damaged the empire's economy.<a href="#cite_note-26">[20]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> motivated the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Braganza" title="House of Braganza">Portuguese royal family</a> to relocate to Brazil in 1807. This event reshaped the relationship between Portugal and Brazil, culminating in <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil" title="Independence of Brazil">Brazilian independence in 1822</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[21]</a> Following the liberation during the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, Portugal endured a period marked by a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">civil war</a> between liberals and absolutists from 1828 to 1834.<a href="#cite_note-28">[22]</a> The monarchy was overthrown in the 1910 revolution, which led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/First_Portuguese_Republic" title="First Portuguese Republic">Portuguese First Republic</a>. A phase of unrest ultimately led to the rise of authoritarian regimes of the <a href="/wiki/Ditadura_Nacional" title="Ditadura Nacional">Ditadura Nacional</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[23]</a> Democracy was finally restored following the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution of 1974</a>, and brought an end to the Portuguese Colonial War, allowing the last of Portugal’s African territories to achieve independence.<a href="#cite_note-30">[24]</a> Portugal's imperial history has left a <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">cultural legacy</a>, with around 300 million <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Portuguese speakers</a> around the world. Today, it is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed country</a> with an <a href="/wiki/IMF_advanced_economy_list" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF advanced economy list">advanced economy</a> relying chiefly upon services, industry, and tourism. Portugal is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the European Union, the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, as well as a founding members of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The word Portugal derives from the combined <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> place name <a href="/wiki/Portus_Cale" title="Portus Cale">Portus Cale</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a> (present-day's <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Gaia" title="Vila Nova de Gaia">Vila Nova de Gaia</a>). Porto stems from the Latin for <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a>, portus; Cale's meaning and origin is unclear. The mainstream explanation is an <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> derived from the Callaeci, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a> peoples, who occupied the north-west of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-33">[27]</a> One theory proposes Cale is a derivation of the Celtic word for 'port'.<a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a> Another is that Cala was a Celtic goddess. Some French scholars believe it may have come from Portus Gallus,<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a> the port of the Gauls. Around 200 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> took Iberia from the <a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Carthaginians</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>. In the process they conquered Cale, renaming it Portus Cale ('Port of Cale') and incorporating it into the province of <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the region around Portus Cale became known by the <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> as Portucale. The name Portucale changed into Portugale during the 7th and 8th centuries, and by the 9th century, it was used to refer to the region between the rivers Douro and <a href="/wiki/Minho_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Minho River">Minho</a>. By the 11th and 12th centuries, Portugale, Portugallia, Portvgallo or Portvgalliae was already referred to as Portugal. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">History of Portugal</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Prehistoric Iberia</a></div> The region has been inhabited by humans since circa 400,000 years ago, when <a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a> entered the area. The oldest human fossil found in Portugal is the 400,000-year-old <a href="/wiki/Aroeira_3" title="Aroeira 3">Aroeira 3</a> H. Heidelbergensis skull discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Aroeira" title="Cave of Aroeira">Cave of Aroeira</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a> Later <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a> roamed the northern Iberian peninsula and a tooth has been found at Nova da Columbeira cave in <a href="/wiki/Estremadura_Province_(1936%E2%80%9376)" class="mw-redirect" title="Estremadura Province (1936–76)">Estremadura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Birmp1-37">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens sapiens">Homo sapiens sapiens</a> arrived in Portugal around 35,000 years ago and spread rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-38">[32]</a> Pre-Celtic tribes inhabited Portugal. The <a href="/wiki/Cynetes" title="Cynetes">Cynetes</a> developed a written language, leaving <a href="/wiki/Stelae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stelae">stelae</a>, which are mainly found in the south. Early in the first millennium BC, several waves of <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> invaded Portugal from Central Europe and intermarried with the local populations to form several different ethnic groups. The Celtic presence is patent in archaeological and linguistic evidence. They dominated most of northern and central Portugal, while the south maintained its older character (believed non-Indo-European, likely related to <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>) until the Roman conquest.<a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> In southern Portugal, some small, semi-permanent commercial coastal settlements were also founded by Phoenician-Carthaginians. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Portugal">Roman Portugal</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89vora_-_49619137673.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%C3%89vora_-_49619137673.jpg/220px-%C3%89vora_-_49619137673.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%C3%89vora_-_49619137673.jpg/330px-%C3%89vora_-_49619137673.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%C3%89vora_-_49619137673.jpg/440px-%C3%89vora_-_49619137673.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_Temple_of_%C3%89vora" title="Roman Temple of Évora">Roman Temple of Évora</a>, one of the best preserved landmarks of Roman presence in Portugal.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></div>Romans first invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 219 BC. The Carthaginians, Rome's adversary in the <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a>, were expelled from their coastal colonies. During <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s rule, almost the entire peninsula was annexed to Rome. The conquest took two hundred years and many died, including those sentenced to work in slave mines or sold as slaves to other parts of the empire. Roman occupation suffered a setback in 155 BC, when a <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_War" title="Lusitanian War">rebellion</a> began in the north. The <a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a> and other native tribes, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Viriathus" title="Viriathus">Viriathus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> wrested control of all of western Iberia. Rome sent legions to quell the rebellion but were unsuccessful. Roman leaders bribed Viriathus's allies to kill him in 139 BC; he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Tautalus" title="Tautalus">Tautalus</a>. In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a>. Later, a northern province was separated from the province of <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Tarraconensis</a>, under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s reforms, known as <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[36]</a> There are still ruins of castros (<a href="/wiki/Hill_forts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill forts">hill forts</a>) and remains of the <a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">Castro culture</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Con%C3%ADmbriga" title="Conímbriga">Conímbriga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mir%C3%B3briga" title="Miróbriga">Mirobriga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A2nia_de_Briteiros" title="Citânia de Briteiros">Briteiros</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germanic_kingdoms">Germanic kingdoms</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reino_suevo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Reino_suevo.svg/220px-Reino_suevo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Reino_suevo.svg/330px-Reino_suevo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Reino_suevo.svg/440px-Reino_suevo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Suebi" title="Kingdom of the Suebi">Kingdom of the Suebi</a> in the 5th and 6th centuries</figcaption></figure> In 409, with the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic tribes">Germanic tribes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> In 411, with a federation contract with <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Honorius" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Honorius">Emperor Honorius</a>, many of these people settled in <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>. An important group was made up of the <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a>, who founded a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Suebi" title="Kingdom of the Suebi">Suebi Kingdom</a> with its capital in <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>. They came to dominate <a href="/wiki/Aeminium" title="Aeminium">Aeminium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>) as well, and there were <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-books.google-44">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> and the Visigoths were the Germanic tribes who had the most lasting presence in the territories corresponding to modern Portugal. As elsewhere in Western Europe, there was a sharp decline in urban life during the <a href="/wiki/Dark_Ages_(historiography)" title="Dark Ages (historiography)">Dark Ages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a> Roman institutions disappeared in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> invasions with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical" title="Ecclesiastical">ecclesiastical</a> organizations, which were fostered by the Suebi in the fifth century and adopted by the Visigoths afterwards. Although the Suebi and Visigoths were initially followers of <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priscillianism" title="Priscillianism">Priscillianism</a>, they adopted <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> from the local inhabitants. St. <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Braga" title="Martin of Braga">Martin of Braga</a> was a particularly influential evangelist.<a href="#cite_note-books.google-44">[38]</a> In 429, the Visigoths moved south to expel the <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> and founded a kingdom with its capital in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>. From 470, conflict between the Suebi and Visigoths increased. In 585, the Visigothic King <a href="/wiki/Liuvigild" title="Liuvigild">Liuvigild</a> conquered Braga and annexed Gallaecia; the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> was unified under a <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-books.google-44">[38]</a> A new class emerged, unknown in Roman times: a <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>, which played a key social and political role during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. It was under the Visigoths that the Church began to play an important part within the state. As the Visigoths did not learn Latin from the local people, they had to rely on bishops to continue the Roman system of governance. The laws were made by councils of bishops, and the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> emerged as a high-ranking class. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_period">Islamic period</h3></div> Today's continental Portugal, along with most of modern Spain, was invaded from the South and became part of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> between 726 and 1249, following the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. This rule lasted decades in the North, up to five centuries in the South.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-46">[40]</a> After defeating the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> in a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 726, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, until its collapse in 750. That year the west of the empire gained its independence under <a href="/wiki/Abd-ar-Rahman_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-ar-Rahman I">Abd-ar-Rahman I</a> with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Emirate of Córdoba</a>. The Emirate became the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> in 929, until its dissolution in 1031, into 23 small kingdoms, called <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">Taifa</a> kingdoms.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-46">[40]</a> The governors of the taifas proclaimed themselves <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of present-day Portugal fell into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Badajoz" title="Taifa of Badajoz">Taifa of Badajoz</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Aftasid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftasid Dynasty">Aftasid Dynasty</a>, and in 1022 the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Taifa of Seville</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Abbadids" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbadids">Abbadids</a> poets. The Taifa period ended with the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> in 1086, then by the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a> in 1147.<a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> Al-Andaluz was divided into districts called Kura. <a href="/wiki/Gharb_Al-Andalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gharb Al-Andalus">Gharb Al-Andalus</a> at its largest consisted of ten kuras,<a href="#cite_note-A._R._Disney,_p.55-48">[42]</a> each with a distinct capital and governor. The main cities were in the southern half of the country: <a href="/wiki/Beja_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beja (Portugal)">Beja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silves_Municipality,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Silves Municipality, Portugal">Silves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1cer_do_Sal" title="Alcácer do Sal">Alcácer do Sal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Portugal" title="Santarém, Portugal">Santarém</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>. The Muslim population consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam and <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a> The Arabs (mainly noblemen from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>) although a minority, constituted the elite. The Berbers who joined them, were nomads from the <a href="/wiki/Rif_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif Mountains">Rif Mountains</a> of North Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-46">[40]</a> Invasions from the North also occurred in this period, with <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> incursions raiding the coast between the 9th and 11th centuries, including Lisbon.<a href="#cite_note-50">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[45]</a> This resulted in the establishment of small <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> settlements in the coastline between <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minho_Province" title="Minho Province">Minho</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconquista">Reconquista</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Reconquista" title="Portugal in the Reconquista">Portugal in the Reconquista</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_April_2019-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Porto_April_2019-18.jpg/150px-Porto_April_2019-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Porto_April_2019-18.jpg/225px-Porto_April_2019-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Porto_April_2019-18.jpg/300px-Porto_April_2019-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4342" data-file-height="6951" /></a><figcaption>A statue of Count <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADmara_Peres" title="Vímara Peres">Vímara Peres</a>, first <a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">Count of Portugal</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> was a period when Christians reconquered the Iberian Peninsula from <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moorish</a> domination. An Asturian Visigothic noble named <a href="/wiki/Pelagius_of_Asturias" title="Pelagius of Asturias">Pelagius of Asturias</a> was elected leader in 718<a href="#cite_note-53">[47]</a> by many of the ousted <a href="/wiki/Visigoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigoth">Visigoth</a> nobles. Pelagius called for the remnants of the Christian Visigothic armies to rebel against the Moors and regroup in the unconquered northern Asturian highlands, known today as the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Mountains" title="Cantabrian Mountains">Cantabrian Mountains</a>, in north-west Spain.<a href="#cite_note-V._Livermore,_1969_pp._32-33-54">[48]</a> After defeating the Moors in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Covadonga" title="Battle of Covadonga">Battle of Covadonga</a> in 722, Pelagius was proclaimed king, thus founding the Christian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a> and starting the war of Christian reconquest.<a href="#cite_note-V._Livermore,_1969_pp._32-33-54">[48]</a> At the end of the 9th century, the region of Portugal between the rivers Minho and Douro, was reconquered from the Moors by nobleman and knight <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADmara_Peres" title="Vímara Peres">Vímara Peres</a> on the orders of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Asturias" title="Alfonso III of Asturias">Alfonso III of Asturias</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[49]</a> Finding many towns deserted, he decided to repopulate and rebuild them.<a href="#cite_note-QuidNovi-56">[50]</a> Vímara Peres elevated the region to the status of <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a>, naming it the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County of Portugal</a> after its major port city – Portus Cale or modern <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>. One of the first cities he founded is Vimaranes, known today as <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a> – "birthplace of the Portuguese nation" or the "cradle city".<a href="#cite_note-QuidNovi-56">[50]</a> After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the counties that made up the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Asturias" title="Alfonso III of Asturias">Alfonso III of Asturias</a> knighted Vímara Peres, in 868, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália.<a href="#cite_note-QuidNovi-56">[50]</a> With the forced abdication of Alfonso III in 910, the Kingdom of Asturias split into three separate kingdoms; they were reunited in 924 under the crown of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a>. In 1093 <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VI of León">Alfonso VI of León</a> bestowed the county to Henry of Burgundy and married him to his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Theresa,_Countess_of_Portugal" title="Theresa, Countess of Portugal">Teresa of León</a>. Henry thus became <a href="/wiki/Henry,_Count_of_Portugal" title="Henry, Count of Portugal">Henry, Count of Portugal</a> and based his newly formed county from Bracara Augusta (modern <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Portugal in the Middle Ages">Portugal in the Middle Ages</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afonso_I_Henriques_de_Portugal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Afonso_I_Henriques_de_Portugal.jpg/150px-Afonso_I_Henriques_de_Portugal.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Afonso_I_Henriques_de_Portugal.jpg/225px-Afonso_I_Henriques_de_Portugal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Afonso_I_Henriques_de_Portugal.jpg/300px-Afonso_I_Henriques_de_Portugal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal" title="Afonso I of Portugal">Afonso I of Portugal</a> ruled between 1143–1185.</figcaption></figure> At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C3%A3o_Mamede" title="Battle of São Mamede">Battle of São Mamede</a>, in the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>, in 1128, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal" title="Afonso I of Portugal">Afonso Henriques</a>, Count of Portugal, defeated his mother <a href="/wiki/Teresa,_Countess_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresa, Countess of Portugal">Countess Teresa</a> and her lover <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Peres_de_Trava" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernão Peres de Trava">Fernão Peres de Trava</a>, establishing himself as sole leader of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">county</a>. Afonso continued his father Henry of Burgundy's Reconquista wars. His campaigns were successful and in 1139, he obtained a victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ourique" title="Battle of Ourique">Battle of Ourique</a>, so was proclaimed <a href="/wiki/King_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Portugal">King of Portugal</a> by his soldiers. This is traditionally taken as the occasion when the County of Portugal became the independent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> and, in 1129, the capital city was transferred from Guimarães to Coimbra. Afonso was recognized as the first king of Portugal in 1143 by King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VII of León">Alfonso VII of León</a>, and in 1179 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a> as Afonso I of Portugal. Afonso Henriques and his successors, aided by military <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">monastic orders</a>, continued pushing southwards against the Moors. In 1249, the Reconquista ended with the capture of the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> and expulsion of the last Moorish settlements. With minor readjustments, Portugal's territorial borders have remained the same, making it one of the oldest established nations in Europe. After a conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">kingdom of Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">Denis of Portugal</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alca%C3%B1ices" title="Treaty of Alcañices">Treaty of Alcañices</a> in 1297 with Ferdinand IV of Castile. This treaty established the border between the kingdoms of Portugal and Leon. The reigns of Denis, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal" title="Afonso IV of Portugal">Afonso IV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Portugal" title="Peter I of Portugal">Peter I</a> mostly saw peace with the other kingdoms of Iberia. In 1348-49 Portugal, as with the rest of Europe, was devastated by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a> In 1373, Portugal made an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Portuguese Alliance">alliance with England</a>, the oldest standing alliance in the world. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_of_Discoveries">Age of Discoveries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caravela_Vera_Cruz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Caravela_Vera_Cruz.jpg/180px-Caravela_Vera_Cruz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Caravela_Vera_Cruz.jpg/270px-Caravela_Vera_Cruz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Caravela_Vera_Cruz.jpg/360px-Caravela_Vera_Cruz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="2827" /></a><figcaption>Vera Cruz Caravel replica sailing on the Tagus River, near Lisbon</figcaption></figure> In 1383 <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Castile" title="John I of Castile">John I of Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Portugal" title="Beatrice of Portugal">Beatrice of Portugal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Portugal" title="Ferdinand I of Portugal">Ferdinand I of Portugal</a> claimed the throne of Portugal. John of Aviz, later <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal" title="John I of Portugal">John I of Portugal</a>, defeated the Castilians in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aljubarrota" title="Battle of Aljubarrota">Battle of Aljubarrota</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">House of Aviz</a> became the ruling house. The new ruling dynasty led Portugal to the limelight of European politics and culture. They created and sponsored literature, such as a history of Portugal, by <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Lopes" title="Fernão Lopes">Fernão Lopes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-59">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a> Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a> under the sponsorship of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_the_Navigator" title="Prince Henry the Navigator">Prince Henry the Navigator</a>. Portugal explored the Atlantic, encountering the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Portuguese Cape Verde</a>, which led to the first <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonization</a> movements. The Portuguese explored the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, established trade routes in most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China (<a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares">Jorge Álvares</a>) and Japan (<a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a>). In 1415, Portugal acquired its first colonies by conquering <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, in North Africa. Throughout the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africa#Portuguese" title="European exploration of Africa">Portuguese explorers</a> sailed the coast of Africa, establishing trading posts <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal#Expansion_of_the_Portuguese_empire_(15th_and_16th_centuries)" title="Economic history of Portugal">for commodities</a>, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> to <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>. Portugal sailed the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India_Armadas" title="Portuguese India Armadas">Portuguese India Armadas</a> to Goa via the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a> of 1494 was intended to resolve a dispute created following the return of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> and divided the newly located lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain along a line west of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> islands, off the west coast of Africa. In 1498 <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> became the first European to reach India by sea, bringing <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">economic prosperity to Portugal</a> and helping to start the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance" title="Portuguese Renaissance">Portuguese Renaissance</a>. In 1500, the Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">Gaspar Corte-Real</a> reached what is now <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and founded the town of <a href="/wiki/Portugal_Cove-St._Philip%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Cove-St. Philip's">Portugal Cove-St. Philip's</a>, one of many <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonies of the Americas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PortugueseColonialEmpire02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/PortugueseColonialEmpire02.png/290px-PortugueseColonialEmpire02.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/PortugueseColonialEmpire02.png/435px-PortugueseColonialEmpire02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/PortugueseColonialEmpire02.png/580px-PortugueseColonialEmpire02.png 2x" data-file-width="6460" data-file-height="3403" /></a><figcaption>Areas that were, at some point, part of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1500, <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Brazil" title="Discovery of Brazil">Pedro Álvares Cabral landed on Brazil</a> and claimed it for Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a> Ten years later, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> conquered <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> in India, <a href="/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ormuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormuz">Ormuz</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Strait">Persian Strait</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, now in Malaysia. Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia, landing in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, Japan, <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Moluccas" class="mw-redirect" title="Moluccas">Moluccas</a>. Although it was believed the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> were the first Europeans to arrive in Australia, there is evidence the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Portuguese may have discovered it</a> in 1521.<a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a> Between 1519 and 1522 <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> organized a Spanish expedition to the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a> which resulted in the first <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a> of the globe. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zaragoza" title="Treaty of Zaragoza">Treaty of Zaragoza</a>, signed in 1529 between Portugal and Spain, divided the Pacific Ocean between Spain and Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iberian_Union_and_Restoration">Iberian Union and Restoration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a></div> Portugal voluntarily entered a dynastic union (1580–1640) because the last two kings of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">House of Aviz</a> died without heirs, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_succession_crisis_of_1580" title="Portuguese succession crisis of 1580">Portuguese succession crisis of 1580</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> claimed the throne and was accepted as Philip I of Portugal. Portugal did not lose its formal independence, forming a <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">union</a> of kingdoms. But the joining of the two crowns deprived Portugal of an independent foreign policy, and led to its involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> between Spain and the Netherlands. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europa_-_Portugal_-_Lisboa_-_Mafra_-_Palacio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Europa_-_Portugal_-_Lisboa_-_Mafra_-_Palacio.jpg/220px-Europa_-_Portugal_-_Lisboa_-_Mafra_-_Palacio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Europa_-_Portugal_-_Lisboa_-_Mafra_-_Palacio.jpg/330px-Europa_-_Portugal_-_Lisboa_-_Mafra_-_Palacio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Europa_-_Portugal_-_Lisboa_-_Mafra_-_Palacio.jpg/440px-Europa_-_Portugal_-_Lisboa_-_Mafra_-_Palacio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Mafra" title="Palace of Mafra">Palace of Mafra</a> built by John V, now a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></figcaption></figure> War led to a deterioration of relations with <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Portuguese Alliance">Portugal's oldest ally, England</a>, and the loss of <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz</a>, a strategic trading post located between <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>. From 1595 to 1663 the <a href="/wiki/Dutch-Portuguese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch-Portuguese War">Dutch-Portuguese War</a> primarily involved Dutch companies invading Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonies">colonies</a> and commercial interests in Brazil, Africa, India and the Far East, resulting in the loss of Portugal's Indian sea trade monopoly. In 1640 <a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal" title="John IV of Portugal">John IV of Portugal</a> spearheaded an uprising backed by disgruntled nobles and was proclaimed king. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a> ended the 60-year period of the Iberian Union under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>. This was the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Braganza" title="House of Braganza">House of Braganza</a>, which reigned until 1910. <a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Portugal" title="John V of Portugal">John V</a> saw a reign characterized by the influx of gold into the royal treasury, supplied largely by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_fifth" title="Royal fifth">royal fifth</a> (tax on precious metals) from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese empire">Portuguese colonies</a> of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a>. Most estimates place the number of Portuguese migrants to <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Colonial Brazil</a> during the gold rush of the 18th century at 600,000.<a href="#cite_note-ibge-69">[63]</a> This represented one of the largest movements of European populations to their colonies, during colonial times. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pombaline_era_and_Enlightenment">Pombaline era and Enlightenment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1640%E2%80%931777)" title="History of Portugal (1640–1777)">History of Portugal (1640–1777)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal,_por_Claude_Joseph_Vernet_e_Louis-Michel_van_Loo,_1766_(C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Oeiras).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal%2C_por_Claude_Joseph_Vernet_e_Louis-Michel_van_Loo%2C_1766_%28C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Oeiras%29.png/220px-Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal%2C_por_Claude_Joseph_Vernet_e_Louis-Michel_van_Loo%2C_1766_%28C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Oeiras%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal%2C_por_Claude_Joseph_Vernet_e_Louis-Michel_van_Loo%2C_1766_%28C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Oeiras%29.png/330px-Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal%2C_por_Claude_Joseph_Vernet_e_Louis-Michel_van_Loo%2C_1766_%28C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Oeiras%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal%2C_por_Claude_Joseph_Vernet_e_Louis-Michel_van_Loo%2C_1766_%28C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Oeiras%29.png/440px-Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal%2C_por_Claude_Joseph_Vernet_e_Louis-Michel_van_Loo%2C_1766_%28C%C3%A2mara_Municipal_de_Oeiras%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Marquis of Pombal</a> effectively ruled Portugal during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal" title="Joseph I of Portugal">Joseph I of Portugal</a></figcaption></figure> In 1738 <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo</a>, later ennobled as 1st <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Pombal_(title)" title="Marquis of Pombal (title)">Marquis of Pombal</a>, began a career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London, later in Vienna. King <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal" title="Joseph I of Portugal">Joseph I</a> was crowned in 1750 and made him his <a href="/wiki/Political_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Political minister">Minister</a> of Foreign Affairs. As the King's confidence in Carvalho e Melo increased, he entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Carvalho e Melo was made prime minister. Impressed by British economic success witnessed as Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar <a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">economic</a> policies in Portugal. In 1761, during the reign of King José I, he banned the import of black slaves into mainland Portugal and India, not for humanitarian reasons, but because they were a necessary work force in Brazil. At the same time, he encouraged the trade of black slaves ("the pieces", in the terms of that time) to that colony, and with the support and direct involvement of the Marquis of Pombal, two companies were founded - the Companhia do Grão-Pará e Maranhão and the Companhia Geral de Pernambuco e Paraíba - whose main activity was the trafficking of slaves, mostly Africans, to Brazilian lands.<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a> He reorganized the army and navy and ended legal discrimination against different <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> sects.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He created companies and guilds to regulate commercial activity and one of the first <a href="/wiki/Appellation" title="Appellation">appellation systems</a> by demarcating the region for production of <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port</a> to ensure the wine's quality. This was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He imposed strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society, along with a widespread review of the tax system. These reforms gained him enemies in the upper classes. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas,_1757.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/117px-Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/176px-Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/234px-Ruinas_da_Pra%C3%A7a_da_Patriarcal_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="715" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas,_1757.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/117px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/176px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/234px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Nicolau_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="716" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Paulo_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas,_1757.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Paulo_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/117px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Paulo_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Paulo_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/176px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Paulo_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Paulo_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/234px-Ruinas_da_Igreja_de_S._Paulo_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="731" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas,_1757.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ruinas_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/117px-Ruinas_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ruinas_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/176px-Ruinas_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ruinas_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png/234px-Ruinas_da_S%C3%A9_de_Lisboa_ap%C3%B3s_o_Terramoto_de_1755_-_Jacques_Philippe_Le_Bas%2C_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="725" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a> devastated Portugal.</div></div></div></div> Lisbon was struck by a major <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">earthquake on November 1st 1755</a>, magnitude estimated to have been between 7.7–9.0, with casualties ranging from 12,000 to 50,000.<a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a> Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his prime minister more power, and Carvalho de Melo became an <a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">enlightened despot</a>. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_T%C3%A1vora" title="Marquis of Távora">Marquis of Távora</a>, several members of his family and even servants were tortured and executed in public with extreme brutality (even by the standards of the time), as alleged part of the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1vora_affair" title="Távora affair">Távora affair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a> The following year, the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> were <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">suppressed and expelled</a>. This crushed opposition by publicly demonstrating even the aristocracy was powerless before Pombal. Further titled "Marquês de Pombal" in 1770, he ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1777. The new ruler, Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I of Portugal</a>, disliked Pombal because of his excesses, and upon her accession to the throne, withdrew all his political offices. Pombal was banished to his estate at <a href="/wiki/Pombal,_Portugal" title="Pombal, Portugal">Pombal</a>, where he died in 1782. Historians argue that Pombal's "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty and especially an apparatus for crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial exploitation and consolidating personal control, and profit.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crises_of_the_19th_century">Crises of the 19th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Ferreira_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Battle_of_Ferreira_Bridge.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Ferreira_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Battle_of_Ferreira_Bridge.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Ferreira_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Battle_of_Ferreira_Bridge.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Ferreira_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1161" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ponte_Ferreira" title="Battle of Ponte Ferreira">Battle of Ponte Ferreira</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a> (1828–1834).</figcaption></figure> In 1807 Portugal refused <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s demand to accede to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a> of embargo against the United Kingdom; a French invasion under <a href="/wiki/Jean-Andoche_Junot" title="Jean-Andoche Junot">General Junot</a> followed, and Lisbon was captured in 1807. British intervention in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> helped maintain Portuguese independence; the last French troops were expelled in 1812.<a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> in Brazil was the Portuguese capital between 1808 and 1821. In 1820, <a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutionalist">constitutionalist</a> insurrections took place at <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> and Lisbon. Lisbon regained its status as the capital of Portugal when Brazil declared its independence in 1822. The death of King <a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">John VI</a> in 1826 led to a crisis of royal succession. His eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil</a>, briefly became <a href="/wiki/Pedro_IV_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro IV of Portugal">Pedro IV of Portugal</a>, but neither the Portuguese nor Brazilians wanted a unified monarchy; consequently, Pedro abdicated the Portuguese crown in favor of his 7-year-old daughter, <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Maria da Glória</a>, on the condition that when she came of age she would marry his brother, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_I_of_Portugal" title="Miguel I of Portugal">Miguel</a>. Dissatisfaction at Pedro's constitutional reforms led the "absolutist" faction of landowners and the church to proclaim Miguel king in February 1828. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a>, also known as the War of the Two Brothers or the Portuguese Civil War, in which Pedro forced Miguel to abdicate and go into exile in 1834 and place his daughter on the throne as Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Maria II of Portugal</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_Cor-de-Rosa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mapa_Cor-de-Rosa.png/220px-Mapa_Cor-de-Rosa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Mapa_Cor-de-Rosa.png 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="156" /></a><figcaption>In pink are areas in Africa claimed by Portugal before the 1890 British Ultimatum.</figcaption></figure> After 1815 the Portuguese expanded their trading ports along the African coast, moving inland to take control of Angola and Mozambique. The slave trade was abolished in 1836. In <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a>, trade flourished in the colony of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Goa" title="History of Goa">Goa</a>, with its subsidiary colonies of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a>, near Hong Kong, and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Timor</a>, north of Australia. The Portuguese successfully introduced Catholicism and the Portuguese language into their colonies, while most settlers continued to head to Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-78">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> On 11 January 1890, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> delivered <a href="/wiki/1890_British_Ultimatum" title="1890 British Ultimatum">an ultimatum</a> to Portugal, demanding the withdrawal of Portuguese forces from the area between Portugal's colonies of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a>. The area had been claimed by Portugal as part of its colonialist <a href="/wiki/Pink_Map" title="Pink Map">Pink Map</a> project, but Britain disputed these claims, mostly due to <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a>' aspirations to create a <a href="/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Railway" title="Cape to Cairo Railway">Cape to Cairo Railway</a>, which was intended to link all British colonies via a single railway. The government of Portugal quietly accepted the ultimatum and withdrew their forces from the disputed area, leading to a widespread backlash among the Portuguese public, who viewed acceptance of the British demands as a humiliation.<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Republic_and_Estado_Novo">First Republic and Estado Novo</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/First_Portuguese_Republic" title="First Portuguese Republic">First Portuguese Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo (Portugal)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_de_Olivera_Salazar_sitting_at_his_desk_(by_Bernard_Hoffman,_1940)_%E2%80%93_Google_Art_Project.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Antonio_de_Olivera_Salazar_sitting_at_his_desk_%28by_Bernard_Hoffman%2C_1940%29_%E2%80%93_Google_Art_Project.png/220px-Antonio_de_Olivera_Salazar_sitting_at_his_desk_%28by_Bernard_Hoffman%2C_1940%29_%E2%80%93_Google_Art_Project.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Antonio_de_Olivera_Salazar_sitting_at_his_desk_%28by_Bernard_Hoffman%2C_1940%29_%E2%80%93_Google_Art_Project.png/330px-Antonio_de_Olivera_Salazar_sitting_at_his_desk_%28by_Bernard_Hoffman%2C_1940%29_%E2%80%93_Google_Art_Project.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Antonio_de_Olivera_Salazar_sitting_at_his_desk_%28by_Bernard_Hoffman%2C_1940%29_%E2%80%93_Google_Art_Project.png/440px-Antonio_de_Olivera_Salazar_sitting_at_his_desk_%28by_Bernard_Hoffman%2C_1940%29_%E2%80%93_Google_Art_Project.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="955" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a> ruled Portugal between 1932 and 1968, within the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg/220px-AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg/330px-AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg/440px-AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="386" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Paratroopers in a Portuguese Air Force helicopter during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a></div></div></div></div></div> On 5 October 1910, a <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">coup d'état</a> overthrew the near 800 year-old Monarchy and the Republic was proclaimed. During World War I, Portugal helped the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a> fight the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>; however the war hurt its weak economy. Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the <a href="/wiki/First_Portuguese_Republic" title="First Portuguese Republic">First Portuguese Republic</a>. These conditions led to the failed <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_North" title="Monarchy of the North">Monarchy of the North</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 May 1926 coup d'état</a>, and creation of the National Dictatorship (<a href="/wiki/Ditadura_Nacional" title="Ditadura Nacional">Ditadura Nacional</a>). This in turn led to the right-wing dictatorship of the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> (New State), under <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a> in 1933. Portugal remained neutral in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. From the 1940s to 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a> (EFTA) and joined the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in 1955. New economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Mozambique</a> being the main targets of those initiatives. These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">transcontinental</a> nation and not a colonial empire. Pro-Indian residents of <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a>, separated those territories from Portuguese rule in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-lele-81">[75]</a> In 1961, <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá</a>'s annexation by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Dahomey" title="Republic of Dahomey">Republic of Dahomey</a> was the start of a process that led to the dissolution of the centuries-old Portuguese Empire. Another forcible retreat occurred in 1961 when Portugal refused to relinquish <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>. The Portuguese were involved in armed conflict in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">operations resulted in the defeat</a> and loss of the remaining Portuguese territories in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. The Portuguese regime refused to recognize Indian sovereignty over the annexed territories, which continued to be represented in the National Assembly until the coup of 1974. Also in the early 1960s the independence movements in the Portuguese provinces of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> in Africa, resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> (lasting from 1961 till 1974). The war mobilized around 1.4 million men for military or for civilian support service,<a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a> and led to large casualties. Throughout the colonial war period Portugal dealt with increasing dissent, arms embargoes and other punitive sanctions imposed by the international community. The authoritarian and conservative Estado Novo regime, first governed by Salazar and from 1968 by <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Caetano" title="Marcelo Caetano">Marcelo Caetano</a>, tried to preserve the empire.<a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carnation_Revolution_and_return_to_democracy">Carnation Revolution and return to democracy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cravos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cravos.jpg/180px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cravos.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cravos.jpg/270px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cravos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cravos.jpg/360px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cravos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>Crowd celebrates on a <a href="/wiki/Panhard_EBR" title="Panhard EBR">Panhard EBR</a> armoured car in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> on 25 April 1974.</figcaption></figure> The government and army resisted the <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a> of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a left-wing military <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a> in Lisbon, the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of territories, as well as the restoration of democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC (<a href="/wiki/Processo_Revolucion%C3%A1rio_Em_Curso" class="mw-redirect" title="Processo Revolucionário Em Curso">Processo Revolucionário Em Curso</a>). This period was characterized by power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces. By the summer of 1975, the tensions were so high, that the country was on the verge of civil war. Forces connected to the extreme left-wing launched another coup on 25 November, but a military faction, the Group of Nine, initiated a counter-coup. The Group of Nine emerged victorious, preventing the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">communist state</a> and ending political instability. The retreat from the overseas territories prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from its African territories.<a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a> Over one million <a href="/wiki/White_African#Portuguese_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="White African">Portuguese refugees</a> fled the former Portuguese provinces, as white settlers were usually not considered part of the former colonies. By 1975, all Portuguese African territories were independent and Portugal held <a href="/wiki/1975_Portuguese_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election">its first democratic elections</a> in 50 years. Portugal continued to be governed by a <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Junta" title="National Salvation Junta">National Salvation Junta</a> until the <a href="/wiki/1976_Portuguese_legislative_election" title="1976 Portuguese legislative election">Portuguese legislative election of 1976</a>. It was won by the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">Portuguese Socialist Party</a> and Mário Soares, its leader, became prime minister. Soares would be prime minister from 1976 to 1978 and 1983 to 1985. Soares tried to resume the economic growth and development record that had been achieved before the Carnation Revolution. He initiated the process of accession to the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC). After the transition to democracy, Portugal flipped between <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> and adherence to the <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> model. <a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalizations</a> were enforced; the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Constitution">Portuguese Constitution</a> was rewritten to accommodate socialist and communist principles. Until the revisions of 1982 and 1989, the constitution had references to socialism, the rights of workers, and the desirability of a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist economy">socialist economy</a>. Portugal's economic situation after the revolution obliged the government to pursue <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF)-monitored stabilization programmes in 1977–78 and 1983–85.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/220px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/330px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/440px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> was signed in 2007, when Portugal held the presidency for the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></figcaption></figure> In 1986 Portugal alongside Spain, joined the European Economic Community which later became the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU). Portugal's economy progressed considerably as a result of <a href="/wiki/European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" title="European Structural and Investment Funds">European Structural and Investment Funds</a> and companies' easier access to foreign markets. Portugal's last overseas territory, <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, was peacefully handed over to China in 1999. In 2002, the independence of <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> (Asia) was formally recognized by Portugal. In 1995, Portugal started to implement <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> rules, eliminating border controls with other Schengen members. <a href="/wiki/Expo_%2798" title="Expo '98">Expo '98</a> took place in Portugal and in 1999 it was one of the founding countries of the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>. In 2004 <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">José Manuel Barroso</a>, the then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister of Portugal</a>, was nominated <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>. On 1 December 2009 the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> entered into force, enhancing the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the Union. Economic disruption and an unsustainable growth in <a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">government debt</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a> led the country to negotiate in 2011 with the IMF and the European Union, through the <a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="European Financial Stability Mechanism">European Financial Stability Mechanism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Facility" title="European Financial Stability Facility">European Financial Stability Facility</a>, a loan to help the country stabilize its finances. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Geography of Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_topographic_map-pt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portugal_topographic_map-pt.png/220px-Portugal_topographic_map-pt.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portugal_topographic_map-pt.png/330px-Portugal_topographic_map-pt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portugal_topographic_map-pt.png/440px-Portugal_topographic_map-pt.png 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="3070" /></a><figcaption>Topography and administration</figcaption></figure> Portugal occupies an area on the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> (referred to as the continent by most Portuguese) and two archipelagos in the Atlantic Ocean: <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>. It lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/30th_parallel_north" title="30th parallel north">30°</a> and <a href="/wiki/42nd_parallel_north" title="42nd parallel north">42° N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/32nd_meridian_west" title="32nd meridian west">32°</a> and <a href="/wiki/6th_meridian_west" title="6th meridian west">6° W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Continental Portugal</a> is split by its main river, the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a>, that flows from Spain and disgorges in the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_Estuary_Natural_Reserve" title="Tagus Estuary Natural Reserve">Tagus Estuary</a> at Lisbon, before escaping into the Atlantic. The northern landscape is mountainous towards the interior with several plateaus indented by river valleys, whereas the south, including the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a> regions, is characterized by rolling plains.<a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a> Portugal's highest peak is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pico" title="Mount Pico">Mount Pico</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pico_Island" title="Pico Island">Pico Island</a> in the Azores. The archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores are scattered within the Atlantic Ocean: the Azores straddling the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Mid-Atlantic Ridge</a> on a tectonic triple junction, and Madeira along a range formed by <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">in-plate</a> <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspot</a> geology. Geologically, these islands were formed by volcanic and seismic events. The last terrestrial volcanic eruption occurred in 1957–58 (<a href="/wiki/Capelinhos" title="Capelinhos">Capelinhos</a>) and minor earthquakes occur sporadically. <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Portugal" title="Exclusive economic zone of Portugal">The exclusive economic zone</a>, a sea zone over which the Portuguese have special rights in exploration and have use of marine resources, covers an area of 1,727,408 km2 (666,956 sq mi). This is the 3rd largest <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> of the European Union and the 20th largest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Portugal">Climate of Portugal</a></div> Portugal is mainly characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">temperate maritime climate</a> in high altitude zones of the Azorean islands; a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> in parts of the <a href="/wiki/Beja_District" title="Beja District">Beja District</a> far south and in <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Island" title="Porto Santo Island">Porto Santo Island</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert climate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Selvagens Islands</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> in the western <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen-Geiger climate classification</a>. It is one of the warmest countries in Europe: the average temperature in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Portugal">mainland Portugal</a> varies from 10–12 °C (50.0–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 17–19 °C (62.6–66.2 °F) in the south and on the <a href="/wiki/Guadiana" title="Guadiana">Guadiana</a> <a href="/wiki/River_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="River basin">river basin</a>. There are variations from the highlands to the lowlands.<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, separated from the <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a> region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3ia_(mountain)" title="Fóia (mountain)">Alto da Fóia</a>, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia. Annual average rainfall in the mainland varies from just over 3,200 millimetres (126.0 in) on the <a href="/wiki/Peneda-Ger%C3%AAs_National_Park" title="Peneda-Gerês National Park">Peneda-Gerês National Park</a> to less than 500 millimetres (19.7 in) in southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pico" title="Mount Pico">Mount Pico</a> receives the largest annual rainfall (over 6,250 millimetres (246.1 in) per year), according to <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera">Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera</a>. In some areas, such as the Guadiana basin, annual diurnal average temperatures can be as high as 24.5 °C (76.1 °F), and summer's highest temperatures are routinely over 40 °C (104 °F). The record high of 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Amareleja" title="Amareleja">Amareleja</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praia_da_Marinha_(2012-09-27),_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_(86).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Praia_da_Marinha_%282012-09-27%29%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%2886%29.JPG/180px-Praia_da_Marinha_%282012-09-27%29%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%2886%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Praia_da_Marinha_%282012-09-27%29%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%2886%29.JPG/270px-Praia_da_Marinha_%282012-09-27%29%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%2886%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Praia_da_Marinha_%282012-09-27%29%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%2886%29.JPG/360px-Praia_da_Marinha_%282012-09-27%29%2C_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia_%2886%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Praia_da_Marinha" title="Praia da Marinha">Marinha Beach</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> is considered by the <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a>, one of the 10 most beautiful beaches in Europe.</figcaption></figure> Snowfalls occur regularly, in the winter, in the interior North and Centre, particularly on the mountains. In winter, temperatures may drop below −10.0 °C (14.0 °F). In these places snow can fall any time from October to May. In the South snowfalls are rare but still occur in the highest elevations. While the official absolute minimum by <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera">IPMA</a> is −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) in <a href="/wiki/Penhas_da_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Penhas da Saúde">Penhas da Saúde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miranda_do_Douro" title="Miranda do Douro">Miranda do Douro</a>, lower temperatures have been recorded. Continental Portugal receives around 2,300-3,200 hours of sunshine annually, an average of 4–6 hours in winter and 10–12 hours in the summer, with higher values in the south-east, south-west, Algarve coast and lower in the north-west. Portugal's central west and southwest coasts have an extreme ocean <a href="/wiki/Seasonal_lag" title="Seasonal lag">seasonal lag</a>; sea temperatures are warmer in October than in July and are their coldest in March. The average <a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" title="Sea surface temperature">sea surface temperature</a> on the west coast of mainland Portugal varies from 14–16 °C (57.2–60.8 °F) in January−March to 19–21 °C (66.2–69.8 °F) in August−October while on the south coast it ranges from 16 °C (60.8 °F) in January−March and rises in the summer to about 22–23 °C (71.6–73.4 °F), occasionally reaching 26 °C (78.8 °F).<a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> In the Azores, around 16 °C (60.8 °F) in February−April to 22–24 °C (71.6–75.2 °F) in July−September,<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> and in Madeira, around 18 °C (64.4 °F) in February−April to 23–24 °C (73.4–75.2 °F) in August−October.<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist. The Madeira and Azorean archipelagos have a narrower temperature range, with annual average temperatures exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) in some parts of the coast.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a> Some islands in Azores have drier months in the summer. Consequently, the islands of the Azores have been identified as having a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, while some islands (such as <a href="/wiki/Flores_Island_(Azores)" title="Flores Island (Azores)">Flores</a> or <a href="/wiki/Corvo_Island" title="Corvo Island">Corvo</a>) are classified as <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">Humid subtropical</a>, transitioning into an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a> at higher altitudes. <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Island" title="Porto Santo Island">Porto Santo Island</a> in Madeira has a warm semi-arid climate. The <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a>, which are part of the regional territory of Madeira and a nature reserve are unique in being classified as a desert climate with an annual average rainfall of approximately 150 millimetres (5.9 in). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Portugal" title="Biodiversity of Portugal">Biodiversity of Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dreaming_of_snow_(318977965).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dreaming_of_snow_%28318977965%29.jpg/220px-Dreaming_of_snow_%28318977965%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dreaming_of_snow_%28318977965%29.jpg/330px-Dreaming_of_snow_%28318977965%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Dreaming_of_snow_%28318977965%29.jpg/440px-Dreaming_of_snow_%28318977965%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peneda-Ger%C3%AAs_National_Park" title="Peneda-Gerês National Park">Peneda-Gerês National Park</a> is the only nationally designated park in Portugal, owing to the rarity and significance of its environment</figcaption></figure> Portugal is located on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a>, the third most diverse hotspot of flora in the world.<a href="#cite_note-florestas-96">[90]</a> It is home to six terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Azores_temperate_mixed_forests" title="Azores temperate mixed forests">Azores temperate mixed forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_mixed_forests" title="Cantabrian mixed forests">Cantabrian mixed forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira_evergreen_forests" title="Madeira evergreen forests">Madeira evergreen forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberian_sclerophyllous_and_semi-deciduous_forests" title="Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests">Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Iberian_montane_forests" title="Northwest Iberian montane forests">Northwest Iberian montane forests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Iberian_Mediterranean_sclerophyllous_and_mixed_forests" title="Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests">Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-97">[91]</a> Over 22% of its land area is included in the <a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a> network.<a href="#cite_note-dre-98">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-florestas-96">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork oak">cork oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime pine">maritime pine</a> together make up 71% of the total forested area of continental Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> Wildfires are quite common and a major issue in Portugal,<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> being the country with the highest percentage of burned area, on average, in the entire <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[95]</a> Geographical and climatic conditions facilitate the introduction of exotic species that later turn to be invasive and destructive to the native habitats. Around 20 percent of the total number of extant species in continental Portugal are <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">exotic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a> Portugal is the second country in Europe with the highest number of threatened animal and plant species.<a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> Portugal as a whole is an important stopover for migratory bird species.<a href="#cite_note-105">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a> The large mammalian species of Portugal (deer, <a href="/wiki/Iberian_ibex" title="Iberian ibex">Iberian ibex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberian_wolf" title="Iberian wolf">Iberian wolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx</a>) were once widespread throughout the country, but intense hunting, habitat degradation and growing pressure from agriculture and livestock reduced population on a large scale in the 19th and early 20th century, others, such as the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_ibex" title="Portuguese ibex">Portuguese ibex</a> were even led to extinction. Today, these animals are re-expanding their native range.<a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-mammals-108">[102]</a> The Portuguese west coast is part of the four major Eastern Boundary <a href="/wiki/Upwelling" title="Upwelling">Upwelling</a> Systems of the ocean. This seasonal upwelling system typically seen during the summer months brings cooler, nutrient rich water up to the sea surface promoting <a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a> growth, <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a> development and the subsequent rich diversity in <a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">pelagic fish</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Marine_invertebrates" title="Marine invertebrates">marine invertebrates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> This makes Portugal one of the largest per capita fish-consumers in the world.<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> 73% of the <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">freshwater fish</a> occurring in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> are endemic, the largest out of any region in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Portugal" title="Protected areas of Portugal">protected areas of Portugal</a> include: the <a href="/wiki/Serras_de_Aire_e_Candeeiros_Natural_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park">Serras de Aire e Candeeiros</a>,<a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Alentejo_and_Vicentine_Coast_Natural_Park" title="Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park">Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Montesinho_Natural_Park" title="Montesinho Natural Park">Montesinho Natural Park</a> which hosts some of the only populations of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_wolf" title="Iberian wolf">Iberian wolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iberian_brown_bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian brown bear">Iberian brown bear</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Politics of Portugal</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:314px;max-width:314px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_2018.jpg/161px-Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_2018.jpg/242px-Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_2018.jpg/322px-Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="538" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a> since 2016</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro.jpg/145px-Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro.jpg/218px-Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro.jpg/290px-Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2968" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Luís Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister</a> since 2024</div></div></div></div></div> Portugal has been a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential</a> representative democratic <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> since the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitution_of_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Constitution of 1976">Constitution of 1976</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, the nation's largest city, as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> The Constitution grants the division or separation of powers among four sovereignty bodies: the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of the Republic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese parliament">Assembly of the Republic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Courts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-116">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon,_Bel%C3%A9m_Palace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lisbon%2C_Bel%C3%A9m_Palace.JPG/220px-Lisbon%2C_Bel%C3%A9m_Palace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lisbon%2C_Bel%C3%A9m_Palace.JPG/330px-Lisbon%2C_Bel%C3%A9m_Palace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lisbon%2C_Bel%C3%A9m_Palace.JPG/440px-Lisbon%2C_Bel%C3%A9m_Palace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2764" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Palace" title="Belém Palace">Belém Palace</a> serves as the official residence and workplace of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of the Republic</a></figcaption></figure> The Head of State is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of the Republic</a>, elected to a five-year term by direct, <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>; the current president is <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a>. Although largely a ceremonial post,<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> Presidential powers include the appointment of the Prime Minister and other members of the Government; dismissing the Prime Minister; dissolving the Assembly; <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">vetoing</a> legislation (which may be overridden by the Assembly); and declaring war (only on the advice of the Government and with the authorization of the Assembly).<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a> The President has also supervisory and <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a> Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The President is advised on issues of importance by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Council of State">Council of State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government of Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_(Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale)_(9307363528).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pal%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_%28Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%29_%289307363528%29.jpg/220px-Pal%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_%28Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%29_%289307363528%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pal%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_%28Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%29_%289307363528%29.jpg/330px-Pal%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_%28Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%29_%289307363528%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pal%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_%28Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%29_%289307363528%29.jpg/440px-Pal%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_%28Assembl%C3%A9e_nationale%29_%289307363528%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Assembly of the Republic</a> building in Lisbon</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Assembly of the Republic</a> is a single chamber parliament composed of a maximum of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> The Government is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister</a> and includes Ministers and Secretaries of State, that have full executive powers;<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> the current prime minister is <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Luís Montenegro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Portugal)" title="Council of Ministers (Portugal)">Council of Ministers</a> – under the Prime Minister (or the President at the latter's request) and the Ministers – acts as the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts">Courts</a> are organized into several levels, among the judicial, administrative and fiscal branches. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Supreme Court">Supreme Courts</a> are institutions of last resort/appeal. A thirteen-member <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitutional_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Constitutional Court">Constitutional Court</a> oversees the constitutionality of the laws.<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national, regional and local levels. The Assembly of the Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes, are dominated by two political parties, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Portugal)" title="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)">Social Democratic Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">Socialist Party</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Chega_(political_party)" title="Chega (political party)">Enough</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">Liberal Initiative</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Left_Bloc_(Portugal)" title="Left Bloc (Portugal)">Left Bloc</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Unitary_Democratic_Coalition" title="Unitary Democratic Coalition">Unitary Democratic Coalition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Communist_Party" title="Portuguese Communist Party">Portuguese Communist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_%22The_Greens%22" title="Ecologist Party "The Greens"">Ecologist Party "The Greens"</a>), <a href="/wiki/LIVRE" title="LIVRE">LIVRE</a>, the <a href="/wiki/CDS_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party" title="CDS – People's Party">CDS – People's Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/People_Animals_Nature" title="People Animals Nature">People Animals Nature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Foreign relations of Portugal</a></div> A member state of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> since 1955, Portugal is a founding member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> (1949), the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> (1961) and <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA</a> (1960); it left the last in 1986 to join the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>, which became the European Union in 1993. In 1996, Portugal co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth, an international organization and political association of <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a> nations where <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> is an official language. Portugal was a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Union" title="Latin Union">Latin Union</a> (1983) and the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a> (1949). It has a friendship alliance and <a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">dual citizenship</a> treaty with its former colony, Brazil. Portugal and the United Kingdom share the world's oldest active military accord through their <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Portuguese Alliance">Anglo-Portuguese Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Windsor_(1386)" title="Treaty of Windsor (1386)">Treaty of Windsor</a>), signed in 1373. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_disputes">Territorial disputes</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Olivenza" title="Olivenza">Olivenza</a>: Under Portuguese sovereignty since 1297, the municipality of Olivença was ceded to Spain under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Badajoz_(1801)" title="Treaty of Badajoz (1801)">Treaty of Badajoz</a> in 1801, after the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Oranges" title="War of the Oranges">War of the Oranges</a>. Portugal claimed it back in 1815 under the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Treaty of Vienna</a>. However, since the 19th century, it has been continuously ruled by Spain which considers the territory theirs not only de facto but also de jure.<a href="#cite_note-One-europe.net_2017-09-29-126">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a>: A small group of mostly uninhabited islets which fall under Portuguese Madeira's regional autonomous jurisdiction. Found in 1364 by Italian mariners under the service of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_The_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Henry The Navigator">Prince Henry The Navigator</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a> it was first noted by Portuguese navigator Diogo Gomes de Sintra in 1438. Historically, the islands have belonged to private Portuguese owners from the 16th century on, until 1971<a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> when the government purchased them and established a natural reserve area covering the whole archipelago. The islands have been claimed by Spain since 1911,<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> and the dispute has caused some periods of political tension between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> The main problem for Spain's attempts to claim these small islands, has been not so much their intrinsic value, but the fact that they expand Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> considerably to the south, in detriment of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Algarvedailynews.com_2017-09-29-131">[125]</a> The Selvagens Islands have been tentatively added to UNESCO's world heritage list in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portuguese Armed Forces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Portuguese_navy_frigate_NRP_Bartolomeu_Dias_(F-333)_(cropped)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Portuguese_navy_frigate_NRP_Bartolomeu_Dias_%28F-333%29_%28cropped%29_01.jpg/220px-The_Portuguese_navy_frigate_NRP_Bartolomeu_Dias_%28F-333%29_%28cropped%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Portuguese_navy_frigate_NRP_Bartolomeu_Dias_%28F-333%29_%28cropped%29_01.jpg/330px-The_Portuguese_navy_frigate_NRP_Bartolomeu_Dias_%28F-333%29_%28cropped%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Portuguese_navy_frigate_NRP_Bartolomeu_Dias_%28F-333%29_%28cropped%29_01.jpg/440px-The_Portuguese_navy_frigate_NRP_Bartolomeu_Dias_%28F-333%29_%28cropped%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a> frigate NRP Bartolomeu Dias</figcaption></figure> The armed forces have three branches: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force" title="Portuguese Air Force">Air Force</a>, commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_General_Staff_(Portugal)" title="Armed Forces General Staff (Portugal)">Portuguese Armed Forces General Staff</a>. They serve primarily as a self-defence force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country but can also be used in offensive missions in foreign territories.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> In recent years, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portuguese Armed Forces</a> have carried out several <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> military missions in various territories, namely in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>. As of 2023, the three branches numbered 24.000 military personnel. <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">Portuguese military expenditure</a> in 2023 was more than 4 billion US$, representing 1.48 per cent of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a> The Army of 11,000 personnel comprises three brigades and other small units. An <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Intervention_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Intervention Brigade">Infantry Brigade</a> (mainly equipped with <a href="/wiki/Pandur_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandur II">Pandur II</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">APC</a>, <a href="/wiki/M114_155_mm_howitzer" title="M114 155 mm howitzer">M114 howitzer</a> and <a href="/wiki/MIM-72_Chaparral" title="MIM-72 Chaparral">MIM-72 Chaparral</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Air defence">air defence systems</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mechanized_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Mechanized Brigade">Mechanized Brigade</a> (mainly equipped with <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2 A6</a> tanks and <a href="/wiki/M113" class="mw-redirect" title="M113">M113A2</a> APC) and a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Rapid_Reaction_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Rapid Reaction Brigade">Rapid Reaction Brigade</a> (consisting of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Paratroopers" title="Portuguese Paratroopers">Paratroopers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Army Commandos">Commandos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Troops_Centre" title="Special Operations Troops Centre">Rangers</a> and <a href="/wiki/4th_Artillery_Regiment_(Portugal)" title="4th Artillery Regiment (Portugal)">Artillery Regiment</a>). The Navy (7,000 personnel, of which 900 are <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Marines">marines</a>), the world's oldest surviving naval force, has five frigates, two corvettes, two submarines, and 20 oceanic patrol vessels. The Air Force (6,000 personnel) has the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon">Lockheed F-16M Fighting Falcon</a> as the main combat aircraft. In addition to the three branches of the armed forces, there is the <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Guard_(Portugal)" title="National Republican Guard (Portugal)">National Republican Guard</a>, a security force subject to military law and organization (<a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a>) comprising 25,000 personnel. This force is under the authority of both the Defence and the Interior Ministry. It has provided detachments for participation in international operations in Iraq and East Timor. The United States maintains a military presence with 770 troops in the <a href="/wiki/Lajes_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Lajes Air Base">Lajes Air Base</a> at <a href="/wiki/Terceira_Island" title="Terceira Island">Terceira Island</a>, in the Azores. The <a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Lisbon" title="Allied Joint Force Command Lisbon">Allied Joint Force Command Lisbon</a> (JFC Lisbon) is one of the three main subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Operations" title="Allied Command Operations">Allied Command Operations</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_justice">Law and justice</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Judiciary of Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_Justi%C3%A7a_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Campus_Justi%C3%A7a_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Campus_Justi%C3%A7a_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Campus_Justi%C3%A7a_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Campus_Justi%C3%A7a_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Campus_Justi%C3%A7a_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Campus_Justi%C3%A7a_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>Lisbon's Campus of Justice</figcaption></figure> The Portuguese legal system is part of the civil law legal system. The main laws include the Constitution (1976), the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Civil_Code" title="Portuguese Civil Code">Portuguese Civil Code</a> (1966) and the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Code_of_Portugal" title="Penal Code of Portugal">Penal Code of Portugal</a> (1982), as amended. Other relevant laws are the Commercial Code (1888) and the Civil Procedure Code (1961). Portuguese laws were applied in the former <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese colonies">colonies and territories</a> and continue to be influences for those countries. The supreme national courts are the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_(Portugal)" title="Supreme Court of Justice (Portugal)">Supreme Court of Justice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Court of Portugal">Constitutional Court</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Public_Prosecution_Service_(Portugal)" title="Public Prosecution Service (Portugal)">Public Ministry</a>, headed by the Attorney General of the Republic, constitutes the independent body of public prosecutors. Drug <a href="/wiki/Decriminalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decriminalisation">decriminalisation</a> was declared in 2001, making Portugal the first country to allow usage and personal possession of all common drugs. Despite criticism from other European nations, who stated Portugal's drug consumption would tremendously increase, overall drug use has declined along with <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> infection cases, which dropped 50 percent by 2009. Overall drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds declined, however use of marijuana rose slightly.<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Portugal">LGBT rights in Portugal</a> have increased substantially in the 21st century. In 2003, Portugal added an anti-discrimination employment law on the basis of sexual orientation.<a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a> In 2004, sexual orientation was added to the Constitution as part of the protected from discrimination characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> In 2010, Portugal became the sixth country in Europe and eighth in the world to legalize <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">same-sex marriage</a> at the national level.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-140">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_adoption" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT adoption">LGBT adoption</a> has been allowed since 2016<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> as has female same-sex couple access to medically assisted reproduction.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> In 2017 the Law of Gender Identity,<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> simplified the legal process of <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a> and name change for <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> people, making it easier for minors to change their <a href="/wiki/Sex_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex marker">sex marker</a> in legal documents.<a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> In 2018, the right to <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">gender expression</a> self-determination became protected, <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> minors became protected by law from unnecessary <a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">medical procedures</a> "until the minor gender identity manifests" and the right of protection from discrimination on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)" title="Sex characteristics (legal term)">sex characteristics</a> became protected by the same law.<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a> has been legalised after reviews in parliament. Nationals over 18 who are terminally ill and in extreme suffering, but who can still decide to, will have the legal right to request assisted dying. However, non-residents will not.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a> Despite the Parliamentary approval, Euthanasia legislation is yet to be regulated and a timeline for it is still unknown, meaning that Euthanasia is currently on hold.<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Portugal" title="Law enforcement in Portugal">Law enforcement in Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ver%C3%A3o_seguro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ver%C3%A3o_seguro.jpg/220px-Ver%C3%A3o_seguro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ver%C3%A3o_seguro.jpg/330px-Ver%C3%A3o_seguro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ver%C3%A3o_seguro.jpg/440px-Ver%C3%A3o_seguro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_P%C3%BAblica" title="Polícia de Segurança Pública">Public Security Police</a> agents patrolling in bicycles</figcaption></figure> Portugal's main police organizations are the <a href="/wiki/Guarda_Nacional_Republicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarda Nacional Republicana">Guarda Nacional Republicana</a> – GNR (<a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Guard_(Portugal)" title="National Republican Guard (Portugal)">National Republican Guard</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_P%C3%BAblica" title="Polícia de Segurança Pública">Polícia de Segurança Pública</a> – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_Judici%C3%A1ria" title="Polícia Judiciária">Polícia Judiciária</a> – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry. Portugal has 49 correctional facilities in total run by the Ministry of Justice. They include seventeen central prisons, four special prisons, twenty-seven regional prisons, and one 'Cadeia de Apoio' (Support Detention Centre).<a href="#cite_note-148">[142]</a> As of 1 January 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugal&action=edit">[update]</a>, their current prison population is about 12,257 inmates, which comes to about 0.12% of their entire population.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> The incarceration rate has been on the rise since 2010, with a 15% increase over the past eight years.<a href="#cite_note-:1-150">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Administrative divisions of Portugal</a></div> Administratively, Portugal is divided into 308 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">municipalities</a> (municípios or <a href="/wiki/Concelhos" class="mw-redirect" title="Concelhos">concelhos</a>), which after a reform in <a href="/wiki/2013_Portuguese_local_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Portuguese local election">2013</a> are subdivided into 3,092 civil parishes (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">freguesia</a>). Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally <a href="/wiki/Local_administrative_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Local administrative unit">local administrative units</a> identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services). Continental Portugal is agglomerated into 18 districts, while the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are governed as <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous area">autonomous regions</a>; the largest units, established since 1976, are either mainland Portugal and the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">autonomous regions of Portugal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>). The 18 districts of mainland Portugal are: <a href="/wiki/Aveiro_District" title="Aveiro District">Aveiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beja_District" title="Beja District">Beja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braga_District" title="Braga District">Braga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bragan%C3%A7a_District" title="Bragança District">Bragança</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castelo_Branco_District" title="Castelo Branco District">Castelo Branco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_District" title="Coimbra District">Coimbra</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora_District" title="Évora District">Évora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faro_District" title="Faro District">Faro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guarda_District" title="Guarda District">Guarda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leiria_District" title="Leiria District">Leiria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_District" title="Lisbon District">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portalegre_District" title="Portalegre District">Portalegre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto_District" title="Porto District">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m_District" title="Santarém District">Santarém</a>, <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal_District" title="Setúbal District">Setúbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viana_do_Castelo_District" title="Viana do Castelo District">Viana do Castelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vila_Real_District" title="Vila Real District">Vila Real</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viseu_District" title="Viseu District">Viseu</a> – each district takes the name of the district capital. Within the European Union NUTS system, Portugal is divided into nine regions:<a href="#cite_note-offjrn2023-151">[145]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centro,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro, Portugal">Centro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisboa_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisboa Region">Lisboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norte,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte, Portugal">Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oeste_e_Vale_do_Tejo" title="Oeste e Vale do Tejo">Oeste e Vale do Tejo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Península de Setúbal">Península de Setúbal</a>, and with the exception of the Azores and Madeira, NUTS areas are subdivided into 28 subregions. Population estimates from 2023. <table class="toccolours" style="width:100%; margin:auto; margin:1px; text-align:center; border-spacing:0; font-size:95%;"> <caption style="text-align:left; background:lightgrey; padding-left:10px; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;">Regions<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:95%; width:15%; background:white;"> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">  </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Region </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Capital </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Area </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Population </th> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="10"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 165px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:NUTS2_Portugal_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/NUTS2_Portugal_2024.png/165px-NUTS2_Portugal_2024.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/NUTS2_Portugal_2024.png/248px-NUTS2_Portugal_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/NUTS2_Portugal_2024.png/330px-NUTS2_Portugal_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="1023" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:99.6px; top:28px">1</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:99.6px; top:82px">2</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:69px; top:127px">3</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:51.6px; top:146.8px">4</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:66px; top:156px">5</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:97.5px; top:169.1px">6</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:98.4px; top:221.68px">7</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:19px; top:184.5px">8</div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:19px; top:222px">9</div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">1 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Portugal" title="North Region, Portugal">North Region</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> </td> <td>21,278 km2 (8,215 sq mi) </td> <td>3,673,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">2 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Portugal" title="Central Region, Portugal">Central Region</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a> </td> <td>22,636 km2 (8,740 sq mi) </td> <td>1,695,635 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">3 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Oeste_e_Vale_do_Tejo" title="Oeste e Vale do Tejo">West and Tagus Valley</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Portugal" title="Santarém, Portugal">Santarém</a> </td> <td>9,839 km2 (3,799 sq mi) </td> <td>852,583 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">4 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Lisboa" title="Grande Lisboa">Greater Lisbon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> </td> <td>1,580 km2 (610 sq mi) </td> <td>2,126,578 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">5 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Península de Setúbal">Setúbal Peninsula</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a> </td> <td>1,421 km2 (549 sq mi) </td> <td>834,599 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">6 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Alentejo_Region" title="Alentejo Region">Alentejo Region</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora" title="Évora">Évora</a> </td> <td>27,329 km2 (10,552 sq mi) </td> <td>474,701 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">7 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve Region</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Faro</a> </td> <td>4,997 km2 (1,929 sq mi) </td> <td>484,122 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">8 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira Autonomous Region</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a> </td> <td>801 km2 (309 sq mi) </td> <td>256,622 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">9 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores Autonomous Region</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a> </td> <td>2,351 km2 (908 sq mi) </td> <td>241,025 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" style="width:100%; margin:auto; margin:1px; text-align:center; border-spacing:0; font-size:95%;"> <caption style="text-align:left; background:lightgrey; padding-left:10px; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;">Districts<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:95%; width:15%; background:white;"> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">  </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">District </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Area </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Population </th> <td rowspan="10" style="background:white;"><a href="/wiki/File:PortugalNumbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/PortugalNumbered.png/110px-PortugalNumbered.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/PortugalNumbered.png/165px-PortugalNumbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/PortugalNumbered.png/220px-PortugalNumbered.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="503" /></a> </td> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">  </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">District </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Area </th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">Population </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">1 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_District" title="Lisbon District">Lisbon</a> </td> <td>2,761 km2 (1,066 sq mi) </td> <td>2,355,867 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">10 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Guarda_District" title="Guarda District">Guarda</a> </td> <td>5,518 km2 (2,131 sq mi) </td> <td>141,995 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">2 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Leiria_District" title="Leiria District">Leiria</a> </td> <td>3,517 km2 (1,358 sq mi) </td> <td>479,261 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">11 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_District" title="Coimbra District">Coimbra</a> </td> <td>3,947 km2 (1,524 sq mi) </td> <td>418,136 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">3 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m_District" title="Santarém District">Santarém</a> </td> <td>6,747 km2 (2,605 sq mi) </td> <td>441,255 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">12 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Aveiro_District" title="Aveiro District">Aveiro</a> </td> <td>2,808 km2 (1,084 sq mi) </td> <td>725,461 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">4 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal_District" title="Setúbal District">Setúbal</a> </td> <td>5,064 km2 (1,955 sq mi) </td> <td>902,863 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">13 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Viseu_District" title="Viseu District">Viseu</a> </td> <td>5,007 km2 (1,933 sq mi) </td> <td>355,309 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">5 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Beja_District" title="Beja District">Beja</a> </td> <td>10,225 km2 (3,948 sq mi) </td> <td>148,881 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">14 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Bragan%C3%A7a_District" title="Bragança District">Bragança</a> </td> <td>6,608 km2 (2,551 sq mi) </td> <td>122,739 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">6 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Faro_District" title="Faro District">Faro</a> </td> <td>4,960 km2 (1,915 sq mi) </td> <td>484,122 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">15 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Vila_Real_District" title="Vila Real District">Vila Real</a> </td> <td>4,328 km2 (1,671 sq mi) </td> <td>185,086 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">7 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora_District" title="Évora District">Évora</a> </td> <td>7,393 km2 (2,854 sq mi) </td> <td>153,475 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">16 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Porto_District" title="Porto District">Porto</a> </td> <td>2,395 km2 (925 sq mi) </td> <td>1,846,178 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">8 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Portalegre_District" title="Portalegre District">Portalegre</a> </td> <td>6,065 km2 (2,342 sq mi) </td> <td>104,081 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">17 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Braga_District" title="Braga District">Braga</a> </td> <td>2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi) </td> <td>863,547 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">9 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Castelo_Branco_District" title="Castelo Branco District">Castelo Branco</a> </td> <td>6,675 km2 (2,577 sq mi) </td> <td>179,608 </td> <td style="width:2.5%; background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">18 </td> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left:5px;"><a href="/wiki/Viana_do_Castelo_District" title="Viana do Castelo District">Viana do Castelo</a> </td> <td>2,255 km2 (871 sq mi) </td> <td>234,215 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal" title="Economy of Portugal">Economy of Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31.jpg/220px-Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31.jpg/330px-Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31.jpg/440px-Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1293" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Tower" title="Vasco da Gama Tower">Vasco da Gama Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parque_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Parque das Nações">Parque das Nações</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge" title="Vasco da Gama Bridge">Vasco da Gama Bridge</a>, the longest bridge in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></figcaption></figure> Portugal is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_income_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="High income countries">high-income country</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-quality-156">[150]</a> with a GDP per capita of 83% of the EU27 average in 2023, and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">HDI</a> of 0.874 (the 42nd highest in the world) in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> It holds the <a href="/wiki/Gold_reserve" title="Gold reserve">13th largest gold reserve in the world</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Portugal">national central bank</a>,<a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> has the 8th largest proven reserves of <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a>,<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[156]</a> with total exports representing 47.4% of its GDP in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> Portugal has been a net beneficiary of the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">European Union budget</a> since it joined the union, then known as <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a>, in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a> By the end of 2023, GDP (PPP) was $48,759 per capita, according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a> In 2023, Portugal had the 5th lowest GDP per capita (PPP) of the eurozone out of 20 members, and the 8th lowest of the European Union out of 27 member-states.<a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Workforce_productivity" title="Workforce productivity">labour productivity</a> had fallen to the fourth lowest among the 27 member-states of the European Union (EU) and was 35% lower than the EU average.<a href="#cite_note-170">[164]</a> Within the EU, Portugal's economy ranks lower than most Western states.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> Portugal was an original member of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>. The national currency, the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> (€) started transitioning from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Escudo" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Escudo">Portuguese Escudo</a> in 2000 and consolidated in 2002. Portugal's central bank is the <a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Portugal" title="Banco de Portugal">Banco de Portugal</a>, an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">European System of Central Banks</a>. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Metropolitan_Area_of_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto">Porto</a> metropolitan areas – the <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal_District" title="Setúbal District">Setúbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aveiro_District" title="Aveiro District">Aveiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braga_District" title="Braga District">Braga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_District" title="Coimbra District">Coimbra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leiria_District" title="Leiria District">Leiria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faro_District" title="Faro District">Faro</a> districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas. Since the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">phases of economic expansion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-173">[167]</a> After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">modern global economy</a>, a process that continues. Since the 1990s, Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)">public consumption</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">economic development</a> model has changed to a system focused on exports, private <a href="/wiki/Investment_(macroeconomics)" title="Investment (macroeconomics)">investment</a> and the development of the <a href="/wiki/High-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">high-tech</a> sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer),<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> wood products and beverages.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-175">[169]</a> In the 2010s, the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s, which resulted in the country receiving a 78-billion-euro bailout from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> in May 2011.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-176">[170]</a> At the end of 2023, the share of debt as percentage of GDP fell below 100 percent, to 97.9%.<a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> As of 2023, the average salary in the private sector was €1,505 per month,<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>, which is regulated by law, is €820 per month (paid 14 times per annum) as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Report" title="Global Competitiveness Report">Global Competitiveness Report</a> for 2019, published by the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, placed Portugal 34th. The Numbeo quality of life index placed Portugal 20th in the world in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-quality-156">[150]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veh%C3%ADculos_en_el_puerto_de_Set%C3%BAbal,_Portugal,_2019-05-24,_DD_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Veh%C3%ADculos_en_el_puerto_de_Set%C3%BAbal%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-24%2C_DD_01.jpg/220px-Veh%C3%ADculos_en_el_puerto_de_Set%C3%BAbal%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-24%2C_DD_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Veh%C3%ADculos_en_el_puerto_de_Set%C3%BAbal%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-24%2C_DD_01.jpg/330px-Veh%C3%ADculos_en_el_puerto_de_Set%C3%BAbal%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-24%2C_DD_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Veh%C3%ADculos_en_el_puerto_de_Set%C3%BAbal%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-24%2C_DD_01.jpg/440px-Veh%C3%ADculos_en_el_puerto_de_Set%C3%BAbal%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-24%2C_DD_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5633" data-file-height="3109" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Autoeuropa" title="Volkswagen Autoeuropa">Volkswagen Autoeuropa</a> cars in the Port of Setúbal</figcaption></figure> Companies listed on <a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Euronext Lisbon</a> <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> like <a href="/wiki/Energias_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Energias de Portugal">EDP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galp_Energia" title="Galp Energia">Galp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Martins" title="Jerónimo Martins">Jerónimo Martins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mota-Engil" title="Mota-Engil">Mota-Engil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novabase" title="Novabase">Novabase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semapa" title="Semapa">Semapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portucel_Soporcel" class="mw-redirect" title="Portucel Soporcel">Portucel Soporcel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Telecom">Portugal Telecom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonae" title="Sonae">Sonae</a>, are amongst the largest corporations by number of employees, <a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">net income</a> or international <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a>. The Euronext Lisbon is the major stock exchange and part of the pan-European group of stock exchanges <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a>. The <a href="/wiki/PSI-20" title="PSI-20">PSI-20</a> is Portugal's most selective and widely known <a href="/wiki/Stock_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock index">stock index</a>. The <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> economic reports since 2018 show recovery.<a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> Rents and house prices have skyrocketed in Portugal, particularly Lisbon, where rents jumped 37% in 2022. The 8% inflation rate in the same year exacerbated the problem.<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> According to the IMF, Portugal's economic recovery from the COVID pandemic in 2022 was substantially better than the EU average. Although modest, economic growth continued in 2023 while inflation continued decreasing to 5%.<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a> In 2024 the annual inflation level is forecast at 2.3% accompanied by a small economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale <a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">intensive farming</a>, export-oriented <a href="/wiki/Agrobusiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrobusiness">agrobusinesses</a>. The country produces a variety of crops and livestock products, including: tomatoes, <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Green vegetables">green vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oilseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilseed">oilseeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilberry" title="Bilberry">bilberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Table grapes">table grapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">edible mushrooms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dairy_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy products">dairy products</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>, Portugal is the top producer of <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carob" title="Carob">carob</a> in the world, accounting for about 50% and 30% of world production, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-188">[182]</a> It is the third largest exporter of <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnuts</a> and third largest European producer of <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">pulp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> Portugal is among the world's top ten largest <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> producers and fourth largest exporter.<a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a> The country is one of the world's largest exporters of <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, reputed for its fine wines. <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a> has played an important economic role among the rural communities and industry. In 2001, the gross agricultural product accounted for 4% of the economy; in 2022 it was 2%.<a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">Tourism in Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praia_da_Marinha_(35518737040).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Praia_da_Marinha_%2835518737040%29.jpg/220px-Praia_da_Marinha_%2835518737040%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Praia_da_Marinha_%2835518737040%29.jpg/330px-Praia_da_Marinha_%2835518737040%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Praia_da_Marinha_%2835518737040%29.jpg/440px-Praia_da_Marinha_%2835518737040%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese coast in <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a></figcaption></figure> Travel and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">tourism</a> is a very important part of Portugal's economy. As of 2023, nearly half of real GDP growth was due to the tourism sector, with tourism accounting for 16.5% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> It has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> Portugal is among the top 20 most-visited countries in the world, receiving more than 26,5 million foreign tourists by 2023.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> In 2014, Portugal was elected The Best European Country by <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> In 2017, Portugal was elected both Europe's Leading Destination<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> and in 2018 and 2019, World's Leading Destination<a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a> Tourist hotspots in Portugal are: <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazar%C3%A9,_Portugal" title="Nazaré, Portugal">Nazaré</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima,_Portugal" title="Fátima, Portugal">Fátima</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93bidos,_Portugal" title="Óbidos, Portugal">Óbidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>. Lisbon attracts the sixteenth-most tourists among European cities<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006).<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Portugal" title="Science and technology in Portugal">Science and technology in Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Champalimaud_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_(20864979843).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Champalimaud_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2820864979843%29.jpg/220px-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Champalimaud_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2820864979843%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Champalimaud_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2820864979843%29.jpg/330px-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Champalimaud_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2820864979843%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Champalimaud_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2820864979843%29.jpg/440px-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Champalimaud_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_%2820864979843%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Champalimaud_Foundation" title="Champalimaud Foundation">Champalimaud Foundation</a>, one of the leading research centers for <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a> in the world.</figcaption></figure> Scientific and technological research activities are mainly conducted within a network of <a href="/wiki/R%26D" class="mw-redirect" title="R&D">R&D</a> units belonging to <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Portugal">public universities</a> and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Engenharia,_Tecnologia_e_Inova%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação">INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_dos_Recursos_Biol%C3%B3gicos" title="Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos">INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos</a>. Funding and management of this system is conducted under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science,_Technology_and_Higher_Education" title="Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education">Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_para_a_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_Tecnologia" title="Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia">Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia</a> (Foundation for Science and Technology). The largest R&D units of the public universities by volume of research grants and peer-reviewed publications, include <a href="/wiki/Biosciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosciences">biosciences</a> research institutions. Among the largest non-state-run research institutions are the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Gulbenkian_de_Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência">Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Champalimaud_Foundation" title="Champalimaud Foundation">Champalimaud Foundation</a>, a neuroscience and oncology research centre. National and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are responsible for research and development projects. One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Academy_of_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences Academy of Lisbon">Sciences Academy of Lisbon</a>, founded in 1779. <a href="/wiki/Iberian_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian peninsula">Iberian</a> bilateral state-supported research efforts include the <a href="/wiki/International_Iberian_Nanotechnology_Laboratory" title="International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory">International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ibercivis" title="Ibercivis">Ibercivis</a> <a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computing</a> platform. Portugal is a member of pan-European scientific organizations. These include the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA), the <a href="/wiki/European_Laboratory_for_Particle_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="European Laboratory for Particle Physics">European Laboratory for Particle Physics</a> (CERN), <a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">European Southern Observatory</a> (ESO). Portugal has the largest <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquarium</a> in Europe, the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Oceanarium" title="Lisbon Oceanarium">Lisbon Oceanarium</a>, and have other notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, like the state agency Ciência Viva,<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_of_the_University_of_Coimbra" title="Science Museum of the University of Coimbra">Science Museum of the University of Coimbra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_history_museums#Portugal" title="List of natural history museums">National Museum of Natural History</a> at the University of Lisbon, and the <a href="/wiki/Visionarium_(Portugal)" title="Visionarium (Portugal)">Visionarium</a>. The <a href="/wiki/European_Innovation_Scoreboard" class="mw-redirect" title="European Innovation Scoreboard">European Innovation Scoreboard</a> 2011, placed Portugal-based innovation 15th, with increase in innovation expenditure and output.<a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a> Portugal was ranked 31st in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Portugal" title="Transport in Portugal">Transport in Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%BAnel_do_Mar%C3%A3o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/T%C3%BAnel_do_Mar%C3%A3o.jpg/220px-T%C3%BAnel_do_Mar%C3%A3o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/T%C3%BAnel_do_Mar%C3%A3o.jpg/330px-T%C3%BAnel_do_Mar%C3%A3o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/T%C3%BAnel_do_Mar%C3%A3o.jpg/440px-T%C3%BAnel_do_Mar%C3%A3o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>Marão tunnel, the longest road tunnel in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a></figcaption></figure> Portugal has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. On many highways, a toll needs to be paid (see <a href="/wiki/Via_Verde" title="Via Verde">Via Verde</a>). <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco da Gama bridge">Vasco da Gama bridge</a> is the longest bridge in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> (the second longest in Europe) at 12.345 km (7.671 mi).<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Continental Portugal</a>'s 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Faro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beja_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beja (Portugal)">Beja</a>. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary <a href="/wiki/Flag-carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag-carrier">flag-carrier</a> is <a href="/wiki/TAP_Air_Portugal" title="TAP Air Portugal">TAP Air Portugal</a>, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The most important airports are in <a href="/wiki/Portela_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Portela Airport">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_S%C3%A1_Carneiro_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faro_Airport" title="Faro Airport">Faro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Airport" title="Madeira Airport">Funchal</a> (Madeira), and <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Paulo_II_Airport" title="João Paulo II Airport">Ponta Delgada</a> (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group <a href="/wiki/ANA_%E2%80%93_Aeroportos_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal">ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal</a>. A <a href="/wiki/New_Lisbon_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="New Lisbon Airport">new airport</a>, to replace the current Lisbon airport, has been planned for more than 50 years, but it has been always postponed by a series of reasons.<a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by <a href="/wiki/Comboios_de_Portugal" title="Comboios de Portugal">Comboios de Portugal</a> (CP). <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail transport</a> of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph). The railway network is managed by <a href="/wiki/Infraestruturas_de_Portugal" title="Infraestruturas de Portugal">Infraestruturas de Portugal</a> while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of CP, both public companies. In 2006, the CP carried 133,000,000 passengers and 9,750,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> (9,600,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 10,700,000 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>) of goods. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_do_Porto_-_MP_100_(6289259423).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Metro_do_Porto_-_MP_100_%286289259423%29.jpg/220px-Metro_do_Porto_-_MP_100_%286289259423%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Metro_do_Porto_-_MP_100_%286289259423%29.jpg/330px-Metro_do_Porto_-_MP_100_%286289259423%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Metro_do_Porto_-_MP_100_%286289259423%29.jpg/440px-Metro_do_Porto_-_MP_100_%286289259423%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metro_do_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro do Porto">Metro do Porto</a> <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Flexity_Swift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Flexity Swift">Bombardier Flexity Swift</a> train in <a href="/wiki/Maia,_Portugal" title="Maia, Portugal">Maia</a></figcaption></figure> The major seaports are located in <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Sines" title="Port of Sines">Sines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leix%C3%B5es" title="Leixões">Leixões</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Lisbon" title="Port of Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aveiro,_Portugal" title="Aveiro, Portugal">Aveiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Figueira_da_Foz" title="Figueira da Foz">Figueira da Foz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Faro</a>. The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metro_Transportes_do_Sul" title="Metro Transportes do Sul">Metro Sul do Tejo</a> light rail system in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Porto_Metro" title="Porto Metro">Porto Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Medium-capacity_rail_system" title="Medium-capacity rail system">light metro</a> system in the <a href="/wiki/Porto_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Metropolitan Area">Porto Metropolitan Area</a>, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a> is currently developing a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Mondego" title="Metro Mondego">Metro Mondego</a>. In Portugal, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Lisbon" title="Trams in Lisbon">Lisbon tram services</a> have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (<a href="/wiki/Carris" title="Carris">Carris</a>), for over a century. In <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Porto" title="Trams in Porto">a tram network</a>, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> remains, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>). All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Portugal" title="Energy in Portugal">Energy in Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alqueva_dam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Alqueva_dam.JPG/220px-Alqueva_dam.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Alqueva_dam.JPG/330px-Alqueva_dam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Alqueva_dam.JPG/440px-Alqueva_dam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alqueva_Dam" title="Alqueva Dam">Alqueva Dam</a>, the largest dam and artificial lake in Western Europe</figcaption></figure> Portugal has considerable resources of wind and hydropower. In 2006, the world's then largest <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar power</a> plant, the <a href="/wiki/Moura_Photovoltaic_Power_Station" title="Moura Photovoltaic Power Station">Moura Photovoltaic Power Station</a>, began operating, while the world's first commercial <a href="/wiki/Wave_power" title="Wave power">wave power</a> farm, the <a href="/wiki/Agu%C3%A7adoura_Wave_Farm" title="Aguçadoura Wave Farm">Aguçadoura Wave Farm</a>, opened in the <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Portugal" title="North Region, Portugal">Norte region</a> (2008). By 2006, 66% of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants, while 29% were derived from <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> dams, and 6% by <a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a> In 2008, renewable energy resources were producing 43% of the nation's electricity, even as hydroelectric production decreased with severe droughts.<a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a> As of 2010, electricity exports had outnumbered imports and 70% of energy came from renewable sources.<a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> Portugal's national energy transmission company, <a href="/wiki/Redes_Energ%C3%A9ticas_Nacionais" title="Redes Energéticas Nacionais">Redes Energéticas Nacionais</a> (REN), uses modelling to predict weather, especially wind patterns. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydropower plants on its rivers for decades. New programmes combine wind and water: wind-driven turbines pump water uphill at night; then water flows downhill by day, generating electricity, when consumer demand is highest. Portugal's distribution system is now two-way. It draws electricity small generators, like rooftop solar panels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Demographics of Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_densidade_portugal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mapa_densidade_portugal.png/220px-Mapa_densidade_portugal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mapa_densidade_portugal.png/330px-Mapa_densidade_portugal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mapa_densidade_portugal.png/440px-Mapa_densidade_portugal.png 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="3628" /></a><figcaption>Population density in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Continental Portugal</a> by statistical area: <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Per km2</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  0-49</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50-99</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  100-499</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  500-999</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  1000-1999</div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  2000+</div> </li></ul> </div> </figcaption></figure> Statistics Portugal (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: INE – <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estat%C3%ADstica_(Portugal)" title="Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)">Instituto Nacional de Estatística</a>) estimates that, by 31 December 2023, the population was 10,639,726, of which 52.2% was female and 47.8% male.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-INEPop-210">[204]</a> In 2024 the median life expectancy was 82.8 years<a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a> and United Nations projections point to 90 or above, by 2100.<a href="#cite_note-212">[206]</a> The population has been relatively homogeneous for most of its history, with a single religion (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic church">Catholic church</a>) and language. Despite good economic development, the Portuguese have been the shortest in Europe since around 1890. This emerging height gap started in the 1840s and increased. A driving factor was modest real wage growth, given late industrialization and economic growth compared to the European core. Another determinant was delayed <a href="/wiki/Human_capital" title="Human capital">human capital</a> formation.<a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> Portugal has to deal with low fertility levels: the country has experienced a <a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-replacement fertility rate">sub-replacement fertility rate</a> since the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-214">[208]</a> The total fertility rate (TFR) as of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugal&action=edit">[update]</a> was estimated at 1.36 children born/woman, one of the lowest in the world, similarly to countries such as Japan, South Korea, Italy, all well below the replacement rate of 2.1,<a href="#cite_note-215">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[210]</a> and considerably below the high of 5 children born per woman in 1911.<a href="#cite_note-217">[211]</a> In 2016, 53% of births were to unmarried women.<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> Portugal's population has been steadily ageing and was the 11th oldest in the world, with a median age of 46 years in 2023. In the same year, it had the world's 4th highest number of citizens over 65 years, at 21.8% of the whole population.<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a> The structure of Portuguese society shows social inequality, which in 2019 placed the country 24th in the <a href="/wiki/Social_justice_index" title="Social justice index">Social Justice Index</a>, in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a> In 2018, Portugal's parliament approved a budget plan for 2019 that included tax breaks for returning emigrants in a bid to attract back those who left during the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[216]</a> According to projections by the national statistics office, Portugal's population will fall to 7.7 million by 2080 from 10.6 million and the population will continue to age.<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> According to a National Statistics Institute (INE) study, conducted shortly after the 2021 census, between 2022 and 2023, 6,4 million people aged between 18 and 74 years old identified themselves as White (84%), almost 170,000 as Black (2%), 57,000 as Asian (<1%), 47,500 as <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Portugal" title="Romani people in Portugal">Romani</a> (<1%) and more than 262,000 identify as Mixed-race (3%).<a href="#cite_note-INERace-224">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3></div> Based on commuting patterns, OECD and Eurostat define eight <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan areas of Portugal">metropolitan areas of Portugal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> Only two have populations over 1 million, and since the 2013 local government reform, these are the only two which also have administrative legal status of metropolitan areas: <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Metropolitan_Area_of_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto">Porto</a>,<a href="#cite_note-law75-226">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-oliveira-227">[221]</a> Several smaller metropolitan areas (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Metropolitan_Area_of_the_Algarve" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Metropolitan Area of the Algarve">Algarve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Metropolitan_Area_of_Aveiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Metropolitan Area of Aveiro">Aveiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Metropolitan_Area_of_Coimbra" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Metropolitan Area of Coimbra">Coimbra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Metropolitan_Area_of_Minho" title="Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho">Minho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Metropolitan_Area_of_Viseu" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Metropolitan Area of Viseu">Viseu</a>)<a href="#cite_note-oliveira-227">[221]</a> also held this status from 2003 to 2008, when they were converted into <a href="/wiki/Intermunicipal_communities_of_Portugal" title="Intermunicipal communities of Portugal">intermunicipal communities</a>, whose territories are roughly based on the <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS III</a> statistical regions.<a href="#cite_note-law45-228">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-oliveira-227">[221]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">Municipalities</a> in Portugal <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estat%C3%ADstica_(Portugal)" title="Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)">INE</a> 2023 Estimate<a href="#cite_note-229">[223]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of cities in Portugal">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Portugal">Region</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of cities in Portugal">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Portugal">Region</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Augusta_Street,_Lisbon_(50644280948).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lisbon"><img alt="Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aerial_view_of_Augusta_Street%2C_Lisbon_%2850644280948%29.jpg/120px-Aerial_view_of_Augusta_Street%2C_Lisbon_%2850644280948%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aerial_view_of_Augusta_Street%2C_Lisbon_%2850644280948%29.jpg/180px-Aerial_view_of_Augusta_Street%2C_Lisbon_%2850644280948%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aerial_view_of_Augusta_Street%2C_Lisbon_%2850644280948%29.jpg/240px-Aerial_view_of_Augusta_Street%2C_Lisbon_%2850644280948%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="902" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_Nacional,_Sintra,_Portugal,_2019-05-25,_DD_78.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sintra"><img alt="Sintra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palacio_Nacional%2C_Sintra%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-25%2C_DD_78.jpg/120px-Palacio_Nacional%2C_Sintra%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-25%2C_DD_78.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palacio_Nacional%2C_Sintra%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-25%2C_DD_78.jpg/180px-Palacio_Nacional%2C_Sintra%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-25%2C_DD_78.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palacio_Nacional%2C_Sintra%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-25%2C_DD_78.jpg/240px-Palacio_Nacional%2C_Sintra%2C_Portugal%2C_2019-05-25%2C_DD_78.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3290" data-file-height="2245" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sintra" title="Sintra">Sintra</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">567,131</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oeiras,_Portugal" title="Oeiras, Portugal">Oeiras</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">175,677 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:DJI_0006_(36961995516).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vila Nova de Gaia"><img alt="Vila Nova de Gaia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DJI_0006_%2836961995516%29.jpg/120px-DJI_0006_%2836961995516%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DJI_0006_%2836961995516%29.jpg/180px-DJI_0006_%2836961995516%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DJI_0006_%2836961995516%29.jpg/240px-DJI_0006_%2836961995516%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="2657" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Gaia" title="Vila Nova de Gaia">Vila Nova de Gaia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Metro,_Ponte_e_Porto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Porto"><img alt="Porto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Metro%2C_Ponte_e_Porto.jpg/120px-Metro%2C_Ponte_e_Porto.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Metro%2C_Ponte_e_Porto.jpg/180px-Metro%2C_Ponte_e_Porto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Metro%2C_Ponte_e_Porto.jpg/240px-Metro%2C_Ponte_e_Porto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="665" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sintra" title="Sintra">Sintra</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">395,528</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seixal" title="Seixal">Seixal</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">173,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Gaia" title="Vila Nova de Gaia">Vila Nova de Gaia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">311,223</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gondomar,_Portugal" title="Gondomar, Portugal">Gondomar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">168,582 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">248,769</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">156,789 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">219,636</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Odivelas" title="Odivelas">Odivelas</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">153,708 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Loures" title="Loures">Loures</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">207,065</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Centro_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Region, Portugal">Centro</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">144,822 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">201,583</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">142,594 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Almada" title="Almada">Almada</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">181,232</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_da_Feira" title="Santa Maria da Feira">Santa Maria da Feira</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">139,837 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Matosinhos" title="Matosinhos">Matosinhos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">179,558</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vila_Franca_de_Xira" title="Vila Franca de Xira">Vila Franca de Xira</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">139,452 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amadora" title="Amadora">Amadora</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Região de Lisboa">Lisboa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">178,253</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_de_Famalic%C3%A3o" title="Vila Nova de Famalicão">Vila Nova de Famalicão</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Region, Portugal">Norte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">135,994 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Portugal" title="Immigration to Portugal">Immigration to Portugal</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreigners_in_Portugal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Foreigners_in_Portugal.png/254px-Foreigners_in_Portugal.png" decoding="async" width="254" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Foreigners_in_Portugal.png/381px-Foreigners_in_Portugal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Foreigners_in_Portugal.png/508px-Foreigners_in_Portugal.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Foreigners living in Portugal as of 2022 by country of origin. Only communities with 1,000+ residents are shown.<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a></figcaption></figure> In 2023 Portugal had 10,639,726 inhabitants, of whom 1,044,606 accounted for legal resident foreigners<a href="#cite_note-aima-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> Resident foreigners make up approximately 10% of the population. These figures do not include Portuguese citizens of foreign descent, as in Portugal it is illegal to collect data based on ethnicity. For instance, more than 340,000 resident foreigners who acquired <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portuguese citizenship</a> between 2008 and 2022 - and thus constitute around 3.27% of the country's population in 2022 - were not taken into account in immigration figures as they became official Portuguese citizens.<a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a> In 2022 alone, almost 21,000 foreign residents acquired <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_passport" title="Portuguese passport">Portuguese citizenship</a>, of which 11,170 were female and 9,674 were male.<a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a> Portugal, for long a country of emigration (the vast majority of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Brazilian">Brazilians</a> have Portuguese ancestry),<a href="#cite_note-diaspora-234">[228]</a> became a country of net immigration.<a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a> The influx of immigrants didn't come just from the last <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Indian</a> (Portuguese until 1961), <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">African</a> (Portuguese until 1975), and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Far East Asian</a> (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories, but from other parts of the world as well. Even though in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal">COVID-19 Pandemic</a>, Portugal's emigration rate increased to 6.9‰ in 2022, it was still well below the immigration rate of around 11.3‰.<a href="#cite_note-236">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a> It is also noteworthy that the overwhelming majority of Portuguese emigrants tend to leave the country for short periods, with 56.8% of those having left the country in 2022 doing so for less than a year.<a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a> Since the 1990s, along with a boom in <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal" title="Economy of Portugal">construction</a>, several new waves of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Portugal" title="Ukrainians in Portugal">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilians_in_Portugal" title="Brazilians in Portugal">Brazilian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Portuguese_people" title="Afro-Portuguese people">Afro-Portuguese</a> and other <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">Africans</a> have settled in the country. <a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanians in Portugal">Romanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_diaspora" title="Moldovan diaspora">Moldovans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Albanians" title="Kosovo Albanians">Kosovo Albanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian people">Russians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarians in Portugal">Bulgarians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Portugal" title="Chinese people in Portugal">Chinese</a> have also migrated to the country. The numbers of <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan people">Venezuelan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani people">Pakistani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi people">Bangladeshi</a> migrants are also significant. Moreover, Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Portugal" title="Romani people in Portugal">Romani population</a> is estimated at 50,000.<a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> It is estimated that over 30,000 seasonal, often <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrants">illegal immigrants</a> work in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, mainly southern cities such as <a href="/wiki/Odemira" title="Odemira">Odemira</a> where they are often exploited by organized seasonal workers' networks. These migrants, who frequently arrive without due documentation or work contracts, make up over 90% of agricultural workers in the south of Portugal. Most are Southeast Asians from India, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. In the interior of the <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a> there are many African workers. Significant numbers also come from Eastern Europe, Moldova, Ukraine, Romania and Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> In addition, a significant number of <a href="/wiki/EU_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="EU citizen">EU citizens</a>, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> or other northern European countries, have become permanent residents in the country.<a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a> There is also a large expatriate community made up of <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">Britons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">people from the United States of America</a>. The British community is mostly composed of retired <a href="/wiki/Pensioner" title="Pensioner">pensioners</a> who live in the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>. A National Statistics Institute (INE) study, conducted between 2022 and 2023, found out that 1.4 million people, (13% of the population) have immigrant background, in which 947,500 are first generation immigrants, concentrated mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon metropolitan area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INERace-224">[218]</a> It is noteworthy that the survey was only carried out amongst people living legally in the country for at least one year at the time of the interview and that in 2022 the statistical office figures suggested that 16.1% of the country's population or 1,683,829 people were first generation immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Religion in Portugal</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Honeydew; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 81.884032469272px; border-left-color:Gray"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gray"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gray"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 78.986577487862px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 78.680936517282px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 76.765979701654px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 74.59201717918px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 70.563152893183px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 61.193685294571px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 55.3852820402px; border-left-color:Aquamarine"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Aquamarine"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Aquamarine"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 49.614328910484px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 33.887042993809px; border-left-color:#d4213d"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#d4213d"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#d4213d"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Portugal (Census 2021)<a href="#cite_note-Censos2021-5">[4]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> (80.20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (2.13%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> (0.72%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> (0.69%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other Christian (1.04%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (0.42%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (0.22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (0.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other religion (0.28%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">No religion</a> (14.09%)</div> </div> </div></div> Roman Catholicism, which has a long history in Portugal, remains the dominant religion. Portugal has no official religion, though in the past, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Portugal" title="Catholic Church in Portugal">Catholic Church in Portugal</a> was the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[240]</a> According to the 2021 Census, 80.2% of the Portuguese population was <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Christian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Censos2021-5">[4]</a> The country has small Protestant, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Portugal" title="Islam in Portugal">Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Portugal" title="Hinduism in Portugal">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritist</a> communities. Influences from <a href="/wiki/African_Traditional_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African Traditional Religion">African Traditional Religion</a> and Chinese Traditional Religion are also felt among many people, particularly in fields related with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional African Herbal Medicine. Some 14.1% of the population declared themselves to be non-religious.<a href="#cite_note-Censos2021-5">[4]</a> Portugal is a <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">secular state</a>: <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">church and state were formally separated</a> during the First Portuguese Republic, and this was reiterated in the 1976 <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Constitution">Portuguese Constitution</a>. Other than the Constitution, the two most important documents relating to <a href="/wiki/Religious_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious freedom">religious freedom</a> in Portugal are the 1940 Concordata (later amended in 1971) between Portugal and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and the 2001 Religious Freedom Act. Many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have a Christian origin or connotation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Languages of Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen%C3%ADsio04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gen%C3%ADsio04.jpg/220px-Gen%C3%ADsio04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gen%C3%ADsio04.jpg/330px-Gen%C3%ADsio04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gen%C3%ADsio04.jpg/440px-Gen%C3%ADsio04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>A sign in <a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miranda_do_Douro" title="Miranda do Douro">Miranda do Douro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A1s-os-Montes_e_Alto_Douro_Province" title="Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province">Trás-os-Montes</a></figcaption></figure> Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. <a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a> is also recognized as a co-official regional language in some municipalities of North-Eastern Portugal. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Astur-Leonese">Astur-Leonese</a> group of languages.<a href="#cite_note-247">[241]</a> An estimate of between 6,000 and 7,000 Mirandese speakers has been documented for Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-248">[242]</a> Furthermore, a particular dialect known as <a href="/wiki/Barranquenho" title="Barranquenho">Barranquenho</a>, spoken in <a href="/wiki/Barrancos" title="Barrancos">Barrancos</a>, is also officially recognized and protected in Portugal since 2021.<a href="#cite_note-249">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minderico_language" title="Minderico language">Minderico</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sociolect" title="Sociolect">sociolect</a> of the Portuguese language, is spoken by around 500 people in the town of <a href="/wiki/Minde,_Portugal" title="Minde, Portugal">Minde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[244]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/EF_English_Proficiency_Index" title="EF English Proficiency Index">International English Proficiency Index</a>, Portugal has a high proficiency level in English, higher than those of other Romance-speaking European countries like Spain, Italy or France.<a href="#cite_note-251">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Education in Portugal</a></div> The educational system is divided into preschool (for those under age six), basic education (nine years, in three stages, compulsory), secondary education (three years, compulsory since 2010), and higher education (subdivided in university and <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(Portugal)" title="Polytechnic (Portugal)">polytechnic</a> education). Universities are usually organized into <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculties</a>. Institutes and schools are also common designations for autonomous subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Portugal" title="List of universities and colleges in Portugal">Portuguese higher education institutions</a>. The total adult literacy rate in Portugal was 99.8% in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-252">[246]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a> (PISA) 2018, Portugal scored around the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> average in reading, mathematics and science.<a href="#cite_note-253">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[248]</a> In reading and mathematics, mean performance in 2018 was close to the level observed in 2009 to 2015; in science, mean performance in 2018 was below that of 2015, and returned close to the level observed in 2009 and 2012, near below average.<a href="#cite_note-255">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[251]</a> About 47.6% of college-age citizens (20 years old) attend one of Portugal's higher education institutions<a href="#cite_note-258">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[254]</a> (compared with 50% in the United States and 35% in the OECD on average). In addition to being a destination for <a href="/wiki/International_student" title="International student">international students</a>, Portugal is also among the top places of origin for international students. All higher education students, both domestic and international, totalled 380,937 in 2005. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coimbra_BW_2018-10-06_10-11-56.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coimbra_BW_2018-10-06_10-11-56.jpg/220px-Coimbra_BW_2018-10-06_10-11-56.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coimbra_BW_2018-10-06_10-11-56.jpg/330px-Coimbra_BW_2018-10-06_10-11-56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coimbra_BW_2018-10-06_10-11-56.jpg/440px-Coimbra_BW_2018-10-06_10-11-56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5343" data-file-height="3972" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a>, the first university in Portugal founded in 1290 by <a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">King Diniz</a>.</figcaption></figure> Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">oldest Portuguese university</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[255]</a> was first established in Lisbon before moving to <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>. Historically, within the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_Artilharia,_Fortifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_Desenho" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho">Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>) in 1792, as well as the oldest medical college in Asia (the <a href="/wiki/Escola_M%C3%A9dico-Cir%C3%BArgica_de_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de Goa">Escola Médico-Cirúrgica</a> of <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>) in 1842. Presently, the largest university in Portugal is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">University of Lisbon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bologna_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna process">Bologna process</a> has been adopted by Portuguese universities and poly-technical institutes in 2006. Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of <a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">numerus clausus</a> is enforced through a national database on student admissions. However, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), <a href="/wiki/International_students" class="mw-redirect" title="International students">international students</a>, foreign students from the <a href="/wiki/Lusosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusosphere">Lusosphere</a>, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (<a href="/wiki/Transfer_admissions_in_the_United_States" title="Transfer admissions in the United States">academic transfer</a>), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department. Most student costs are supported with public money. Portugal has entered into <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Portugal#International_partnership_agreements" title="Higher education in Portugal">cooperation agreements with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other US institutions</a> to further develop and increase the effectiveness of Portuguese higher education and research.<a href="#cite_note-Carvalho_et_al_2020-262">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Portugal" title="Health in Portugal">Health in Portugal</a></div> In 2023, Portugal ranked as 40th best healthcare system in the world,<a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a> which was significantly lower than the previous <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization_ranking_of_health_systems_in_2000" title="World Health Organization ranking of health systems in 2000">12th place in the 2000 World Health Organization ranking of best public health systems in the world</a>. The health system is characterized by three coexisting systems: the National Health Service (Serviço Nacional de Saúde, SNS), special social health insurance schemes for certain professions (health subsystems) and voluntary private health insurance. The SNS provides universal coverage. In addition, about 55% of the population is covered by the health subsystems,<a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a> 43% by private insurance schemes and another 12% by mutual funds.<a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[260]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra_-_main_entrance.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra_-_main_entrance.JPG/220px-Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra_-_main_entrance.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra_-_main_entrance.JPG/330px-Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra_-_main_entrance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra_-_main_entrance.JPG/440px-Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra_-_main_entrance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hospitais_da_Universidade_de_Coimbra" title="Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra">Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra</a></figcaption></figure>The Ministry of Health is responsible for developing health policy as well as managing the SNS. Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery. Decentralization efforts have aimed at shifting financial and management responsibility to the regional level. In practice, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care. The SNS is predominantly funded through general taxation. Employer (including the state) and employee contributions represent the main funding sources of the health subsystems. In addition, direct payments by the patient and voluntary health insurance premiums account for a large proportion of funding. Similarly to other 'Eur-A countries', (Western Europe), most Portuguese die from <a href="/wiki/Noncommunicable_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncommunicable diseases">noncommunicable diseases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Saude-267">[261]</a> Mortality from <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular diseases">cardiovascular diseases</a> (CVD) is around 30,000 deaths per year, a third of all annual deaths,<a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a> but its two main components, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, display inverse trends compared with the Eur-A, with <a href="/wiki/Cerebrovascular_disease" title="Cerebrovascular disease">cerebrovascular disease</a> being the single biggest killer in Portugal, with more than 11,000 deaths per year.<a href="#cite_note-269">[263]</a> Oncological diseases represent 22% of all deaths in the country,<a href="#cite_note-Saude-267">[261]</a> with lung and breast cancer cases being lower, and cervical and prostate cancer being more frequent. Diabetes mortality rates have been decreasing, from 4.5% in 2010 down to 2.8% in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Saude-267">[261]</a> Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> (IMR) stood at 2,25 deaths per 1,000 live births as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-270">[264]</a> An opinion poll in 2021 found that 50% of adults rated their health as good or very good, the third lowest rate collected in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[265]</a> The largest university hospital in the country is <a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_Santa_Maria" title="Hospital de Santa Maria">Hospital de Santa Maria</a>, Lisbon.<a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Culture of Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Portugal" title="Mass media in Portugal">Mass media in Portugal</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feira_de_Barcelos_(05Set)_040.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Feira_de_Barcelos_%2805Set%29_040.jpg/220px-Feira_de_Barcelos_%2805Set%29_040.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Feira_de_Barcelos_%2805Set%29_040.jpg/330px-Feira_de_Barcelos_%2805Set%29_040.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Feira_de_Barcelos_%2805Set%29_040.jpg/440px-Feira_de_Barcelos_%2805Set%29_040.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rooster_of_Barcelos" title="Rooster of Barcelos">Rooster of Barcelos</a>, the iconic Portuguese souvenir and symbol.</figcaption></figure> Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the European continent and Mediterranean, or were introduced when it played an active role during the <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Age_of_Discovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal in the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Foundation" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation">Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation</a> established in 1956 in Lisbon. These include the <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Cultural_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Belém Cultural Centre">Belém Cultural Centre</a> in Lisbon, <a href="/wiki/Serralves_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Serralves Foundation">Serralves Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Casa_da_M%C3%BAsica" title="Casa da Música">Casa da Música</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls that were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country. Portugal is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Portugal" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal">17</a> UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>, ranking it <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">9th in Europe and 18th in the world.</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Portugal">Architecture of Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casamusicaexterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Casamusicaexterior.jpg/220px-Casamusicaexterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Casamusicaexterior.jpg/330px-Casamusicaexterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Casamusicaexterior.jpg/440px-Casamusicaexterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5412" data-file-height="2585" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_M%C3%BAsica" title="Casa da Música">Casa da Música</a> is an example of modern architecture</figcaption></figure> Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the <a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a>, also known as Portuguese late <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, followed by <a href="/wiki/Pombaline_style" title="Pombaline style">Pombaline style</a> of the 18th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, <a href="/wiki/Soft_Portuguese_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft Portuguese style">Soft Portuguese style</a>, appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Souto_de_Moura" title="Eduardo Souto de Moura">Eduardo Souto de Moura</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Siza_Vieira" title="Álvaro Siza Vieira">Álvaro Siza Vieira</a> (both <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Prize">Pritzker Prize</a> winners) and <a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Byrne" title="Gonçalo Byrne">Gonçalo Byrne</a>. In Portugal <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Taveira" title="Tomás Taveira">Tomás Taveira</a> is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.<a href="#cite_note-273">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo">azulejo</a> is a mainstream, typical element among Portugal's traditional building materials and construction techniques.<a href="#cite_note-275">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Portuguese wine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa_L1190316_(24864204799).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lisboa_L1190316_%2824864204799%29.jpg/220px-Lisboa_L1190316_%2824864204799%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lisboa_L1190316_%2824864204799%29.jpg/330px-Lisboa_L1190316_%2824864204799%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lisboa_L1190316_%2824864204799%29.jpg/440px-Lisboa_L1190316_%2824864204799%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">Pastéis de Nata</a> in Lisbon</figcaption></figure> Portuguese cuisine is diverse. The Portuguese consume a lot of dry <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bacalhau" title="Bacalhau">bacalhau</a> in Portuguese), for which there are many <a href="/wiki/Bacalhau#Bacalhau_dishes" title="Bacalhau">recipes</a> ranging from <a href="/wiki/Bacalhau_%C3%A0_Br%C3%A1s" title="Bacalhau à Brás">bacalhau à Brás</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacalhau_%C3%A0_Gomes_de_S%C3%A1" title="Bacalhau à Gomes de Sá">bacalhau à Gomes de Sá</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Bacalhau_com_natas" title="Bacalhau com natas">bacalhau com natas</a>. Other fish recipes include grilled <a href="/wiki/Sardines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardines">sardines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caldeirada" title="Caldeirada">caldeirada</a>, a tomato-based <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a> that can be made from several types of fish or shellfish, with a mix of onion, garlic, bay leaf, potatoes, peppers, parsley.<a href="#cite_note-277">[271]</a> Typical Portuguese meat recipes made out of the customary beef, pork, chicken, goat, lamb or duck meat, include <a href="/wiki/Cozido_%C3%A0_portuguesa" title="Cozido à portuguesa">cozido à portuguesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feijoada" title="Feijoada">feijoada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frango_de_churrasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Frango de churrasco">frango de churrasco</a>, leitão (roast <a href="/wiki/Suckling_pig" title="Suckling pig">suckling pig</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chanfana" title="Chanfana">chanfana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carne_de_porco_%C3%A0_alentejana" title="Carne de porco à alentejana">carne de porco à alentejana</a>. Typical fast food dishes include the <a href="/wiki/Francesinha" title="Francesinha">Francesinha</a> (Frenchie) from Porto and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwiches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[272]</a> An egg custard tart pastry, the <a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">pastel de nata</a>, typical and popular among the Portuguese, became popular abroad and among foreign tourists visiting the country as well.<a href="#cite_note-279">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a> Portuguese wines have enjoyed recognition since the Romans, who associated Portugal with their god <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Bacchus</a>, due to its climate. Some of the best Portuguese wines are <a href="/wiki/Vinho_Verde" title="Vinho Verde">Vinho Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alvarinho" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvarinho">Alvarinho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinho_do_Douro" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinho do Douro">Vinho do Douro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinho_do_Alentejo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinho do Alentejo">Vinho do Alentejo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinho_do_D%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinho do Dão">Vinho do Dão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinho_da_Bairrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinho da Bairrada">Vinho da Bairrada</a> and the sweet <a href="/wiki/Port_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Wine">Port Wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeira Wine">Madeira Wine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Moscatel" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel">Moscatel</a> from <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Favaios" title="Favaios">Favaios</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_art">Visual art</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_art" title="Portuguese art">Portuguese art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Adora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Magos_(1828)_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/A_Adora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Magos_%281828%29_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png/220px-A_Adora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Magos_%281828%29_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/A_Adora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Magos_%281828%29_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png/330px-A_Adora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Magos_%281828%29_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/A_Adora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Magos_%281828%29_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png/440px-A_Adora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Magos_%281828%29_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png 2x" data-file-width="2210" data-file-height="1599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Domingos_Sequeira" title="Domingos Sequeira">Domingos Sequeira</a> was one of the most prolific <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical</a> painters. (<a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Sequeira)" title="Adoration of the Magi (Sequeira)">Adoration of the Magi; 1828</a>).</figcaption></figure> Portugal has a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_artists" title="List of Portuguese artists">rich history in painting</a>. The first well-known painters dating back to the 15th century – like <a href="/wiki/Nuno_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Nuno Gonçalves">Nuno Gonçalves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A3o_Vasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Grão Vasco">Vasco Fernandes</a> – were part of the late Gothic painting period. During the Renaissance, Portuguese painting was highly influenced by Northern European painting. In the Baroque period <a href="/wiki/Josefa_de_%C3%93bidos" title="Josefa de Óbidos">Josefa de Óbidos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vieira_Lusitano" title="Vieira Lusitano">Vieira Lusitano</a> were the most prolific painters. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Malhoa" title="José Malhoa">José Malhoa</a>, known for his work Fado, and <a href="/wiki/Columbano_Bordalo_Pinheiro" title="Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro">Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro</a> (who painted the portraits of <a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Braga" title="Teófilo Braga">Teófilo Braga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antero_de_Quental" title="Antero de Quental">Antero de Quental</a>) were both references in <a href="/wiki/Naturalist_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist school of painting">naturalist painting</a>. The 20th century saw the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_de_Souza-Cardoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso">Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso</a>, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly the Delaunays (<a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Sonia</a>). Among his best-known works is Canção Popular – a Russa e o Fígaro. Other great modernist painters/writers include <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Botelho" title="Carlos Botelho">Carlos Botelho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almada_Negreiros" title="Almada Negreiros">Almada Negreiros</a>, friend to the poet <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Fernando Pessoa</a>, who painted Pessoa's portrait. He was deeply influenced by both <a href="/wiki/Cubist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubist">Cubist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Futurism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurism (art)">Futurist</a> trends. Prominent international figures in visual arts today include painters <a href="/wiki/Vieira_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieira da Silva">Vieira da Silva</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Pomar" title="Júlio Pomar">Júlio Pomar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joana_Vasconcelos" title="Joana Vasconcelos">Joana Vasconcelos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A3o_Sarmento" title="Julião Sarmento">Julião Sarmento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paula_Rego" title="Paula Rego">Paula Rego</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Portuguese literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cam%C3%B5es,_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg/170px-Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg/255px-Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg/340px-Cam%C3%B5es%2C_por_Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Vaz_de_Cam%C3%B5es" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís Vaz de Camões">Luís Vaz de Camões</a>, legendary poet of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance" title="Portuguese Renaissance">Portuguese Renaissance</a></figcaption></figure> Portuguese literature, one of the earliest Western literatures, developed through text as well as song. Until 1350, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-Galician" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese-Galician">Portuguese-Galician</a> <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadours</a> spread their literary influence to most of the Iberian Peninsula,<a href="#cite_note-281">[275]</a> like King <a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">D. Dinis</a> (1261–1325) who became famous for his poetry. Other kings would write and sponsor works of literature across Portuguese history, like <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Portugal" title="Ferdinand I of Portugal">D. Fernando</a> (1367–1383) who supported Pêro Menino in writing o Livro da Falcoaria<a href="#cite_note-:2-59">[53]</a> Adventurer and poet <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Luís de Camões">Luís de Camões</a> (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem <a href="/wiki/Os_Lus%C3%ADadas" title="Os Lusíadas">Os Lusíadas</a> (The Lusiads), with <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> as his main influence.<a href="#cite_note-WDL-282">[276]</a> Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Maria_Barbosa_du_Bocage" title="Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage">Bocage</a> (1765–1805), <a href="/wiki/Antero_de_Quental" title="Antero de Quental">Antero de Quental</a> (1842–1891) and <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Fernando Pessoa</a> (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Almeida Garrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Camilo Castelo Branco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_de_E%C3%A7a_de_Queir%C3%B3s" class="mw-redirect" title="José Maria de Eça de Queirós">Eça de Queirós</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Fernando Pessoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophia_de_Mello_Breyner_Andresen" title="Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen">Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Lobo_Antunes" title="António Lobo Antunes">António Lobo Antunes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Torga" title="Miguel Torga">Miguel Torga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agustina_Bessa-Lu%C3%ADs" title="Agustina Bessa-Luís">Agustina Bessa-Luís</a>. Particularly popular and distinguished is <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a>, recipient of the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Music of Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmaliaRodrigues1969_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/AmaliaRodrigues1969_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-AmaliaRodrigues1969_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/AmaliaRodrigues1969_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-AmaliaRodrigues1969_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/AmaliaRodrigues1969_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-AmaliaRodrigues1969_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2363" data-file-height="1930" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A1lia_Rodrigues" title="Amália Rodrigues">Amália Rodrigues</a> performing in 1969</figcaption></figure> The Music of Portugal encompasses a wide variety of genres. The traditional one is the Portuguese folk music which has deep roots in local customs, utilising instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaita_(bagpipe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaita (bagpipe)">gaita</a>), drums, flutes, tambourines, accordions and ukuleles (<a href="/wiki/Cavaquinho" title="Cavaquinho">cavaquinho</a>). Within Portuguese folk music is the renowned genre of <a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a>, a melancholic urban music originated in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> in the 19th century, probably inside bohemian environments, usually associated with the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_guitar" title="Portuguese guitar">Portuguese guitar</a> and saudade, or longing. <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_fado" class="mw-redirect" title="Coimbra fado">Coimbra fado</a>, a unique type of "<a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadour</a> serenading" fado, is also noteworthy. Internationally notable performers include <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A1lia_Rodrigues" title="Amália Rodrigues">Amália Rodrigues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Paredes" title="Carlos Paredes">Carlos Paredes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Afonso" title="José Afonso">José Afonso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariza" title="Mariza">Mariza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_do_Carmo" title="Carlos do Carmo">Carlos do Carmo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Chainho" title="António Chainho">António Chainho</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADsia" title="Mísia">Mísia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dulce_Pontes" title="Dulce Pontes">Dulce Pontes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madredeus" title="Madredeus">Madredeus</a>. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a>, Fado and Classical music, other genres are present at Portugal like pop and other types of modern music, particularly from North America and the United Kingdom, as well as a wide range of Portuguese, Caribbean, Lusophone African and Brazilian artists and bands. Artists with international recognition include <a href="/wiki/Dulce_Pontes" title="Dulce Pontes">Dulce Pontes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moonspell" title="Moonspell">Moonspell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buraka_Som_Sistema" title="Buraka Som Sistema">Buraka Som Sistema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blasted_Mechanism" title="Blasted Mechanism">Blasted Mechanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Carreira" title="David Carreira">David Carreira</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(band)" title="The Gift (band)">The Gift</a>, with the three latter being nominees for a <a href="/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Europe Music Award">MTV Europe Music Award</a>. Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as <a href="/wiki/Festival_Sudoeste" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival Sudoeste">Festival Sudoeste</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zambujeira_do_Mar" title="Zambujeira do Mar">Zambujeira do Mar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festival_de_Paredes_de_Coura" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival de Paredes de Coura">Festival de Paredes de Coura</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paredes_de_Coura" title="Paredes de Coura">Paredes de Coura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festival_Vilar_de_Mouros" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival Vilar de Mouros">Festival Vilar de Mouros</a> near <a href="/wiki/Caminha" title="Caminha">Caminha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boom_Festival" title="Boom Festival">Boom Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Idanha-a-Nova_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Idanha-a-Nova Municipality">Idanha-a-Nova Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/NOS_Alive" title="NOS Alive">NOS Alive</a>, Sumol Summer Fest in <a href="/wiki/Ericeira" title="Ericeira">Ericeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Rio#Lisboa,_Portugal,_and_Madrid,_Spain" title="Rock in Rio">Rock in Rio Lisboa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_Bock_Super_Rock" title="Super Bock Super Rock">Super Bock Super Rock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Lisbon">Greater Lisbon</a>. Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto. The student festivals of <a href="/wiki/Queima_das_Fitas" title="Queima das Fitas">Queima das Fitas</a>, which are major events in a number of cities across Portugal, show every year a selection of well-established, high-profile musicians and bands to the public as well as newer, on the rise, upcoming success artists seeking definite recognition.<a href="#cite_note-283">[277]</a> In 2005, Portugal held the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="MTV Europe Music Awards">MTV Europe Music Awards</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Pavilh%C3%A3o_Atl%C3%A2ntico" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavilhão Atlântico">Pavilhão Atlântico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>. Furthermore, Portugal won the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">Eurovision Song Contest 2017</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> with the song "<a href="/wiki/Amar_pelos_dois" title="Amar pelos dois">Amar pelos dois</a>" presented by <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Sobral" title="Salvador Sobral">Salvador Sobral</a>, and subsequently hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018 contest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Portugal" title="Sport in Portugal">Sport in Portugal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristiano_Ronaldo_Portugal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cristiano_Ronaldo_Portugal.jpg/170px-Cristiano_Ronaldo_Portugal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cristiano_Ronaldo_Portugal.jpg/255px-Cristiano_Ronaldo_Portugal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cristiano_Ronaldo_Portugal.jpg/340px-Cristiano_Ronaldo_Portugal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo" title="Cristiano Ronaldo">Cristiano Ronaldo</a> is considered one of the greatest football players of all time</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most popular sport in Portugal. There are several football competitions ranging from local amateur to world-class professional level. All-time greats <a href="/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio" title="Eusébio">Eusébio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Figo" title="Luís Figo">Figo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo" title="Cristiano Ronaldo">Cristiano Ronaldo</a> are major symbols of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese football">Portuguese football</a> history.<a href="#cite_note-286">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[281]</a> Portuguese football managers are also noteworthy, with <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mourinho" title="José Mourinho">José Mourinho</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[283]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abel_Ferreira" title="Abel Ferreira">Abel Ferreira</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[285]</a> among the most renowned. The <a href="/wiki/Portugal_national_football_team" title="Portugal national football team">Portugal national football team</a> has won one <a href="/wiki/UEFA_European_Championship" title="UEFA European Championship">UEFA European Championship</a> title: the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016" title="UEFA Euro 2016">UEFA Euro 2016</a>, with a 1–0 victory in the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA Euro 2016 Final">final</a> over <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a>, the tournament hosts. In addition, Portugal finished first in the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_UEFA_Nations_League" title="2018–19 UEFA Nations League">2018–19 UEFA Nations League</a>, second in the <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 European Football Championship">Euro 2004</a>, third in the <a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1966 FIFA World Cup">1966 FIFA World Cup</a> and fourth in the <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006 FIFA World Cup</a>. At youth level, Portugal have won two <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Youth_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA World Youth Championship">FIFA World Youth Championships</a>. <a href="/wiki/S.L._Benfica" title="S.L. Benfica">S.L. Benfica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sporting_CP" title="Sporting CP">Sporting CP</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Porto" title="FC Porto">FC Porto</a> are the largest <a href="/wiki/Sports_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports clubs">sports clubs</a> by popularity and number of trophies, often known as "os três grandes" (<a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(Portugal)" title="Big Three (Portugal)">"the big three"</a>). They have won eight titles in the European <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a> club competitions and present in 21 finals. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Football_Federation" title="Portuguese Football Federation">Portuguese Football Federation</a> (FPF) – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol – annually hosts the <a href="/wiki/Algarve_Cup" title="Algarve Cup">Algarve Cup</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_association_football" title="Women's association football">women's football</a> tournament. Other than football, many Portuguese sports clubs, including the "big three", compete in other sports events with a varying level of success and popularity, these include <a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">roller hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Portugal_national_rugby_union_team" title="Portugal national rugby union team">Portuguese national rugby union team</a> qualified for the <a href="/wiki/2007_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2007 Rugby World Cup">2007 Rugby World Cup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Portugal_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="Portugal national rugby sevens team">Portuguese national rugby sevens team</a> has played in the <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby_Sevens_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rugby Sevens Series">World Rugby Sevens Series</a>. <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road cycling</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Volta_a_Portugal" title="Volta a Portugal">Volta a Portugal</a> the most important race, is a popular sports event and includes professional cycling teams such as <a href="/wiki/Sporting_CP" title="Sporting CP">Sporting CP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boavista_(cycling_team)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boavista (cycling team)">Boavista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clube_de_Ciclismo_de_Tavira" class="mw-redirect" title="Clube de Ciclismo de Tavira">Clube de Ciclismo de Tavira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Ciclista_da_Maia" title="União Ciclista da Maia">União Ciclista da Maia</a>. In motorsport, Portugal is noted for the <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rally of Portugal">Rally of Portugal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Estoril_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Estoril Circuit">Estoril</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algarve_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Algarve Circuit">Algarve Circuits</a> as well as the revived <a href="/wiki/Porto_Street_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Street Circuit">Porto Street Circuit</a> which holds a stage of the WTCC every two years, as well as for a number of internationally noted racers such as <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Oliveira" title="Miguel Oliveira">Miguel Oliveira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiago_Monteiro" title="Tiago Monteiro">Tiago Monteiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_F%C3%A9lix_da_Costa" title="António Félix da Costa">António Félix da Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Albuquerque" title="Filipe Albuquerque">Filipe Albuquerque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Lamy" title="Pedro Lamy">Pedro Lamy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armindo_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Armindo Araújo">Armindo Araújo</a> and others in a range of varied <a href="/wiki/Motorsports" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsports">motorsports</a>. In water, Portugal has three major sports: <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>. Portugal had success in <a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">canoeing</a> with several world and European champions, such as olympic medalist <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pimenta" title="Fernando Pimenta">Fernando Pimenta</a>. Annually, the country hosts one of the stages of the <a href="/wiki/World_Surf_League" title="World Surf League">World Surf League</a> men's and women's Championship Tour, the <a href="/wiki/MEO_Rip_Curl_Pro_Portugal" title="MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal">MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Supertubos" title="Supertubos">Supertubos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peniche,_Portugal" title="Peniche, Portugal">Peniche</a>. Northern Portugal has its own original <a href="/wiki/Martial_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial art">martial art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jogo_do_Pau" class="mw-redirect" title="Jogo do Pau">Jogo do Pau</a>, in which fighters use staffs to confront one or several opponents. Other popular sport-related recreational outdoor activities include <a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">airsoft</a>, fishing, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, hiking, hunting and <a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">orienteering</a>. Portugal is one of the world's leading <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> destinations.<a href="#cite_note-292">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/48px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/64px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portugal portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Portugal" title="Outline of Portugal">Outline of Portugal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pt_lang-3"><a href="#cite_ref-pt_lang_3-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a>, spoken in the region of <a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Miranda" title="Terra de Miranda">Terra de Miranda</a>, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro),<a href="#cite_note-auto-1">[1]</a> awarding it an official right-of-use.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Sign_Language" title="Portuguese Sign Language">Portuguese Sign Language</a> is also recognized. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> While Portugal has a de jure semi-presidential system, the role of the president is mostly ceremonial, and the country operates de facto as a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_parliamentary_republic" title="Unitary parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-c-8"><a href="#cite_ref-c_8-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976</a> with several subsequent minor revisions, between 1982 and 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_escudo" title="Portuguese escudo">Escudo</a> before 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> European Portuguese pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[puɾtuˈɣal]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/76\/Portugal.wav\/Portugal.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Portugal.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Portugal.wav/Portugal.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal.wav" title="File:Portugal.wav">ⓘ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: República Portuguesa <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]</a>. In recognized minority <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">languages of Portugal</a>: <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a>: República Pertuesa.</li></ul></dd></dl> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020318130143/http://mirandes.no.sapo.pt/LMPSlei.html">"Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguísticos da comunidade mirandesa (Official recognition of linguistic rights of the Mirandese community)"</a>. Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa (UdL). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mirandes.no.sapo.pt/LMPSlei.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centro+de+Lingu%C3%ADstica+da+Universidade+de+Lisboa+%28UdL%29&rft.atitle=Reconhecimento+oficial+de+direitos+lingu%C3%ADsticos+da+comunidade+mirandesa+%28Official+recognition+of+linguistic+rights+of+the+Mirandese+community%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmirandes.no.sapo.pt%2FLMPSlei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-2"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_2-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-pbC29295845/downloads/C2-92-95-845-EN-C/C29295845ENC_001.pdf?FileName=C29295845ENC_001.pdf&SKU=C29295845ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=C2-92-95-845-EN-C">The Euromosaic study, Mirandese in Portugal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205202451/http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-pbC29295845/downloads/C2-92-95-845-EN-C/C29295845ENC_001.pdf?FileName=C29295845ENC_001.pdf&SKU=C29295845ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=C2-92-95-845-EN-C">Archived</a> 5 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, europa.eu – <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> website. 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Retrieved 23 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censos+2021.+Cat%C3%B3licos+diminuem%2C+mas+ainda+s%C3%A3o+mais+de+80%25+dos+portugueses&rft.pub=RTP&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtp.pt%2Fnoticias%2Fpais%2Fcensos-2021-catolicos-diminuem-mas-ainda-sao-mais-de-80-dos-portugueses_n1449073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Portugal_2005.pdf">"Constitution of Portugal, Preamble"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317103114/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Portugal_2005.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2018. 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Etymonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220050255/https://www.etymonline.com/word/portugal">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2023. 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Retrieved 25 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=agal-gz.org&rft.atitle=Origem+e+significado+das+palavras+Portugal+e+Galiza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagal-gz.org%2Ffaq%2Flib%2Fexe%2Ffetch.php%3Fmedia%3Dcontributos-pgl%3Asobre_a_origem_e_significado_da_palavra_portugal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-academia.edu-33"><a href="#cite_ref-academia.edu_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinicius" class="citation web cs1">Winicius, Marcos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/31989410">"Documentos danca portuguesa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817085223/https://www.academia.edu/31989410">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. 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Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20479-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-20479-8"><bdi>978-0-415-20479-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010145948/https://books.google.com/books?id=POGEbFpGHigC&q=celtic+cale+harbour&pg=RA1-PA270">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2023. 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Retrieved 17 November 2020 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manuel+g%C3%A9ographique+et+statistique+de+l%27Espagne+et+du+Portugal+...&rft.pub=Buisson&rft.date=2018-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMD8zAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dportus%2BGallus%2Betymologie%2Bdu%2Bportugal%26pg%3DPA441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2017-03-year-old-fossil-human-cranium-oldest.html">"400,000-year-old fossil human cranium is oldest ever found in Portugal"</a>. phys.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816022236/https://phys.org/news/2017-03-year-old-fossil-human-cranium-oldest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2018. 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Gunter Narr Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8233-5091-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8233-5091-0"><bdi>978-3-8233-5091-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203318/https://books.google.com/books?id=aGc2GwyvuEgC&q=KOLLER%2C%20Erwin%2C%20Hugo%20Laitenberger&pg=PR1#v=snippet&q=KOLLER%2C%20Erwin%2C%20Hugo%20Laitenberger&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2024. 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Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4058-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4058-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-4058-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+%26+Fall+of+World+Orders&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4058-0&rft.aulast=Knutsen&rft.aufirst=Torbj%C3%B6rn+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZYn_f1jxNDoC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_46-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Al-Andalus">"Al-Andalus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303184305/https://www.britannica.com/place/Al-Andalus">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Andalus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAl-Andalus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Portugal musalman (Le) – VIIIe-XIIIe siècles par Christophe Picard – Maisonneuve et Larose – Collection Occident Musulman – 2001, 500 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7068-1398-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-7068-1398-9">2-7068-1398-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-A._R._Disney,_p.55-48"><a href="#cite_ref-A._R._Disney,_p.55_48-0">^</a> A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire, Vol. 1: From Beginnings to 1807: Portugal (Volume 1) p. 55 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/2410-0145/article/view/35149%7Cauthor=Stepanova%7C">"Written Monuments of the Orient"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203427/https://journals.eco-vector.com/2410-0145/index">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Written+Monuments+of+the+Orient&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.eco-vector.com%2F2410-0145%2Farticle%2Fview%2F35149%257Cauthor%3DStepanova%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheen1996" class="citation journal cs1">Scheen, Rolf (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/MILT/article/download/MILT9696110067A/3416/0">"Viking raids on the spanish peninsula"</a>. Militaria. Revista de Cultura Militar (8): 67–73. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413040655/https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/MILT/article/download/MILT9696110067A/3416/0">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Militaria.+Revista+de+Cultura+Militar&rft.atitle=Viking+raids+on+the+spanish+peninsula&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=67-73&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Scheen&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistas.ucm.es%2Findex.php%2FMILT%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2FMILT9696110067A%2F3416%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Ann Christys, Vikings in the South (London: Bloomsbury, 2015), p. 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924073048/https://portugal.um.dk/en/culture/culture-events/eventdisplaypage/?eventid=1bd54bcf-6989-430b-ab7d-2ddd5640d986">"Vikings- Warriors from the sea"</a>. Portugal.um.dk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portugal.um.dk/en/culture/culture-events/eventdisplaypage/?eventid=1bd54bcf-6989-430b-ab7d-2ddd5640d986">the original</a> on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vikings-+Warriors+from+the+sea&rft.pub=Portugal.um.dk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportugal.um.dk%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fculture-events%2Feventdisplaypage%2F%3Feventid%3D1bd54bcf-6989-430b-ab7d-2ddd5640d986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pelayo-king-of-Asturias">"Pelayo – king of Asturias"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180125140910/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pelayo-king-of-Asturias">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Pelayo+%E2%80%93+king+of+Asturias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPelayo-king-of-Asturias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-V._Livermore,_1969_pp._32-33-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-V._Livermore,_1969_pp._32-33_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-V._Livermore,_1969_pp._32-33_54-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLivermore1969">Livermore (1969)</a>, pp. 32–33 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandes" class="citation book cs1">Fernandes, A. de Almeida. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/23317651">O Conde Vímara Peres por A. de Almeida Fernandes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200942/https://www.academia.edu/23317651">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2020 – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+Conde+V%C3%ADmara+Peres+por+A.+de+Almeida+Fernandes&rft.aulast=Fernandes&rft.aufirst=A.+de+Almeida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F23317651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuidNovi-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QuidNovi_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuidNovi_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuidNovi_56-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibeiroHermano2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ribeiro, Ângelo; Hermano, José (2004). História de Portugal I – A Formação do Território [History of Portugal: The Formation of the Territory] (in Portuguese). QuidNovi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/989-554-106-6" title="Special:BookSources/989-554-106-6"><bdi>989-554-106-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B3ria+de+Portugal+I+%E2%80%93+A+Forma%C3%A7%C3%A3o+do+Territ%C3%B3rio&rft.pub=QuidNovi&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=989-554-106-6&rft.aulast=Ribeiro&rft.aufirst=%C3%82ngelo&rft.au=Hermano%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruszelnicki2007" class="citation web cs1">Kruszelnicki, Karl S. (13 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2007/09/13/2031252.htm">"Black death"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406162144/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2007/09/13/2031252.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+death&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2007-09-13&rft.aulast=Kruszelnicki&rft.aufirst=Karl+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Farticles%2F2007%2F09%2F13%2F2031252.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_L._Forgeng2016" class="citation book cs1">Jeffrey L. Forgeng, King of Portugal (2016). The book of horsemanship. Duarte. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782046288" title="Special:BookSources/9781782046288"><bdi>9781782046288</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961824873">961824873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+book+of+horsemanship&rft.pub=Duarte&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961824873&rft.isbn=9781782046288&rft.aulast=Jeffrey+L.+Forgeng&rft.aufirst=King+of+Portugal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegundo_D._Duarte2014" class="citation journal cs1">Segundo D. Duarte, Mário Santiago de (12 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uc.pt/fluc/dfci/public_/publicacoes/uma_modernidade_perdida">"Uma modernidade perdida: da melancolia à alegria racional na antropologia do homem superior"</a>. Revista Filosófica de Coimbra. 22 (43). Carvalho: 190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14195%2F0872-0851_43_7">10.14195/0872-0851_43_7</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0872-0851">0872-0851</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203324/https://www.uc.pt/fluc/dfci/public_/publicacoes/uma_modernidade_perdida">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Filos%C3%B3fica+de+Coimbra&rft.atitle=Uma+modernidade+perdida%3A+da+melancolia+%C3%A0+alegria+racional+na+antropologia+do+homem+superior&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=190&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14195%2F0872-0851_43_7&rft.issn=0872-0851&rft.aulast=Segundo+D.+Duarte&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1rio+Santiago+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uc.pt%2Ffluc%2Fdfci%2Fpublic_%2Fpublicacoes%2Fuma_modernidade_perdida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImprensa_Nacional-Casa_da_Moeda1999" class="citation book cs1">Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda (1999). 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Duarte. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9722709402" title="Special:BookSources/9722709402"><bdi>9722709402</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43397222">43397222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+of+Portugal+Leal+conselheiro&rft.pub=Duarte&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43397222&rft.isbn=9722709402&rft.au=Imprensa+Nacional-Casa+da+Moeda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/portuguese.html">"The Portuguese Explorers: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage"</a>. Heritage.nf.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805030420/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/portuguese.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+Explorers%3A+Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage&rft.pub=Heritage.nf.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fexploration%2Fportuguese.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigneras1979" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Vigneras, L.-A. (1979) [1966]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/corte_real_miguel_1E.html">"Corte-Real, Miguel"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corte-Real%2C+Miguel&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Vigneras&rft.aufirst=L.-A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fcorte_real_miguel_1E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pcsp.ca/?Content=Visiting/About_Our_Town/History">"Town of Portugal Cove – St.Philip's : History"</a>. Pcsp.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016022411/http://pcsp.ca/?Content=Visiting/About_Our_Town/History">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015. 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Retrieved 6 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pordata&rft.atitle=Foreign+population+that+acquired+portuguese+nationality%3A+total+and+by+sex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pordata.pt%2Fen%2FPortugal%2FForeign%2Bpopulation%2Bthat%2Bacquired%2Bportuguese%2Bnationality%2Btotal%2Band%2Bby%2Bsex-3250-292118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-diaspora-234"><a href="#cite_ref-diaspora_234-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/portugal/48.htm">Portugal – Emigration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629081956/http://countrystudies.us/portugal/48.htm">Archived</a> 29 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Eric Solsten, ed. Portugal: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993. </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4436276.stm">Portugal sees integration progress</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119221956/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4436276.stm">Archived</a> 19 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", BBC News, 14 November 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/imigrantes+permanentes+total+e+por+sexo-3254">"Imigrantes permanentes: total e por sexo"</a>. www.pordata.pt. Retrieved 28 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pordata.pt&rft.atitle=Imigrantes+permanentes%3A+total+e+por+sexo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pordata.pt%2Fportugal%2Fimigrantes%2Bpermanentes%2Btotal%2Be%2Bpor%2Bsexo-3254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/emigrantes+por+mil+habitantes-832">"Emigrantes por mil habitantes"</a>. www.pordata.pt. 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Mais de 95% da etnia cigana em Portugal vive abaixo do limiar da pobreza (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813183906/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/mais-de-95-da-etnia-cigana-em-portugal-vive-abaixo-do-limiar-da-pobreza_a1442067">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mais+de+95%25+da+etnia+cigana+em+Portugal+vive+abaixo+do+limiar+da+pobreza&rft.atitle=Mais+de+95%25+da+etnia+cigana+em+Portugal+vive+abaixo+do+limiar+da+pobreza&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft.aulast=Portugal&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A1dio+e+Televis%C3%A3o+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtp.pt%2Fnoticias%2Fpais%2Fmais-de-95-da-etnia-cigana-em-portugal-vive-abaixo-do-limiar-da-pobreza_a1442067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLP2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LP (1 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jornaldoalgarve.pt/trabalhadores-agricolas-imigrantes-precarios-e-explorados/">"Trabalhadores agrícolas imigrantes: Precários e explorados"</a>. Jornal do Algarve (in European Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210707064311/https://jornaldoalgarve.pt/trabalhadores-agricolas-imigrantes-precarios-e-explorados/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jornal+do+Algarve&rft.atitle=Trabalhadores+agr%C3%ADcolas+imigrantes%3A+Prec%C3%A1rios+e+explorados&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.au=LP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjornaldoalgarve.pt%2Ftrabalhadores-agricolas-imigrantes-precarios-e-explorados%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf">"Estrangeiros em Portugal em 2022"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723201450/https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estrangeiros+em+Portugal+em+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sef.pt%2Fpt%2FDocuments%2FRIFA2022%2520vF2a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/MIGR_POP3CTB/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth"</a>. ec.europa.eu. 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Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.pt&rft.atitle=Statistics+Portugal+-+Web+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_indicadores%26indOcorrCod%3D0006031%26contexto%3Dbd%26selTab%3Dtab2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._Bloomer2018" class="citation book cs1">C. Bloomer, Kristin (2018). Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India. Oxford University Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190615093" title="Special:BookSources/9780190615093"><bdi>9780190615093</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Possessed+by+the+Virgin%3A+Hinduism%2C+Roman+Catholicism%2C+and+Marian+Possession+in+South+India&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780190615093&rft.aulast=C.+Bloomer&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Russo2000" class="citation book cs1">J. Russo, David (2000). American History from a Global Perspective: An Interpretation. 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Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa. 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Agora falta quem o ensine e quem o mantenha original"</a> (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/TSF_(radio_station)" title="TSF (radio station)">TSF</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220109141226/https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/sociedade/o-barranquenho-ja-tem-protecao-agora-falta-quem-o-ensine-e-quem-o-mantenha-original-14425613.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2022. 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Retrieved 9 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=P%C3%BAblico&rft.atitle=Quem+quer+falar+mirand%C3%AAs%2C+barranquenho%2C+minderico%3F&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.aulast=Moutinho&rft.aufirst=Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2F2019%2F09%2F27%2Fculturaipsilon%2Fvideo%2Fquer-falar-mirandes-barranquenho-minderico-20190927-151045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802000431/http://www.ef.co.uk/epi/">"EF English Proficiency Index – A comprehensive ranking of countries by English skills"</a>. Ef.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ef.co.uk/epi/">the original</a> on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ef.co.uk&rft.atitle=EF+English+Proficiency+Index+%E2%80%93+A+comprehensive+ranking+of+countries+by+English+skills&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ef.co.uk%2Fepi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globaldata.com/data-insights/macroeconomic/literacy-rate-in-portugal/">"literacy rate in Portugal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230613013710/https://www.globaldata.com/data-insights/macroeconomic/literacy-rate-in-portugal/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=literacy+rate+in+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globaldata.com%2Fdata-insights%2Fmacroeconomic%2Fliteracy-rate-in-portugal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/sociedade/2016-12-06-Testes-PISA-Portugal-supera-media-da-OCDE">"Testes PISA: Portugal supera média da OCDE"</a> (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/Vis%C3%A3o" title="Visão">Visão</a>. 6 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917113126/http://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/sociedade/2016-12-06-Testes-PISA-Portugal-supera-media-da-OCDE">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testes+PISA%3A+Portugal+supera+m%C3%A9dia+da+OCDE&rft.pub=Vis%C3%A3o&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisao.sapo.pt%2Factualidade%2Fsociedade%2F2016-12-06-Testes-PISA-Portugal-supera-media-da-OCDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213064034/https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2016-12-06-E-agora-no-PISA-alunos-portugueses-melhoram-a-ciencias-leitura-e-matematica">"E agora no PISA: alunos portugueses melhoram a ciências, leitura e matemática"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Expresso_(newspaper)" title="Expresso (newspaper)">Expresso</a> (in Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2016-12-06-E-agora-no-PISA-alunos-portugueses-melhoram-a-ciencias-leitura-e-matematica">the original</a> on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Expresso&rft.atitle=E+agora+no+PISA%3A+alunos+portugueses+melhoram+a+ci%C3%AAncias%2C+leitura+e+matem%C3%A1tica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpresso.sapo.pt%2Fsociedade%2F2016-12-06-E-agora-no-PISA-alunos-portugueses-melhoram-a-ciencias-leitura-e-matematica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/sociedade/2016-12-06-Testes-PISA-Portugal-supera-media-da-OCDE">"Testes PISA: Portugal supera média da OCDE"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vis%C3%A3o" title="Visão">Visão</a> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917113126/http://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/sociedade/2016-12-06-Testes-PISA-Portugal-supera-media-da-OCDE">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vis%C3%A3o&rft.atitle=Testes+PISA%3A+Portugal+supera+m%C3%A9dia+da+OCDE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisao.sapo.pt%2Factualidade%2Fsociedade%2F2016-12-06-Testes-PISA-Portugal-supera-media-da-OCDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213064034/https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2016-12-06-E-agora-no-PISA-alunos-portugueses-melhoram-a-ciencias-leitura-e-matematica">"E agora no PISA: alunos portugueses melhoram a ciências, leitura e matemática"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Expresso_(newspaper)" title="Expresso (newspaper)">Expresso</a> (in Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2016-12-06-E-agora-no-PISA-alunos-portugueses-melhoram-a-ciencias-leitura-e-matematica">the original</a> on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Expresso&rft.atitle=E+agora+no+PISA%3A+alunos+portugueses+melhoram+a+ci%C3%AAncias%2C+leitura+e+matem%C3%A1tica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpresso.sapo.pt%2Fsociedade%2F2016-12-06-E-agora-no-PISA-alunos-portugueses-melhoram-a-ciencias-leitura-e-matematica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViana2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Viana, Clara (5 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.pt/2023/12/05/sociedade/noticia/pisa-2022-queda-precedentes-medias-alunos-ocde-portugal-acompanha-trambolhao-2072556">"PISA 2022: queda "sem precedentes" nas médias dos alunos da OCDE. 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Retrieved 10 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%9ABLICO&rft.atitle=PISA+2022%3A+queda+%22sem+precedentes%22+nas+m%C3%A9dias+dos+alunos+da+OCDE.+Portugal+acompanha+trambolh%C3%A3o&rft.date=2023-12-05&rft.aulast=Viana&rft.aufirst=Clara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2F2023%2F12%2F05%2Fsociedade%2Fnoticia%2Fpisa-2022-queda-precedentes-medias-alunos-ocde-portugal-acompanha-trambolhao-2072556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724173015/http://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/GC18/Governo/Ministerios/MCTES/Intervencoes/Pages/20100111_MCTES_Int_Contrato_Confianca_EnsSup.aspx">"Um Contrato de confiança no Ensino Superior para o futuro de Portugal"</a> (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government of Portugal</a>, Portugal.gov.pt. 11 January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/GC18/Governo/Ministerios/MCTES/Intervencoes/Pages/20100111_MCTES_Int_Contrato_Confianca_EnsSup.aspx">the original</a> on 24 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Um+Contrato+de+confian%C3%A7a+no+Ensino+Superior+para+o+futuro+de+Portugal&rft.pub=Government+of+Portugal%2C+Portugal.gov.pt&rft.date=2010-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portugal.gov.pt%2Fpt%2FGC18%2FGoverno%2FMinisterios%2FMCTES%2FIntervencoes%2FPages%2F20100111_MCTES_Int_Contrato_Confianca_EnsSup.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnedu.pt/content/noticias/CNE/ensino_superior.pdf">"Ensino Superior"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 19 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Commission+Education+and+Training+Monitor+2022&rft.date=2024-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fop.europa.eu%2Fwebpub%2Feac%2Feducation-and-training-monitor-2022%2Fen%2Fcountry-reports%2Fportugal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-coimbra">"University of Coimbra"</a>. Top Universities. 16 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307221441/https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-coimbra">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2020. 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Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portugal+Wins+the+2017+Eurovision+Song+Contest%21&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fportugal-salvador-sobral-winner-eurovision-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2018-dates-and-host-city-confirmed">"Lisbon revealed as Host City of the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest!"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 25 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804042227/https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2018-dates-and-host-city-confirmed">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lisbon+revealed+as+Host+City+of+the+2018+Eurovision+Song+Contest%21&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Feurovision-2018-dates-and-host-city-confirmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.record.pt/internacional/detalhe/eusebio-figo-e-cr7-na-historia-da-bola-de-ouro-734571">"Eusébio, Figo e CR7 na história da Bola de Ouro - Internacional - Jornal Record"</a>. Record. Retrieved 8 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Record&rft.atitle=Eus%C3%A9bio%2C+Figo+e+CR7+na+hist%C3%B3ria+da+Bola+de+Ouro+-+Internacional+-+Jornal+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.record.pt%2Finternacional%2Fdetalhe%2Feusebio-figo-e-cr7-na-historia-da-bola-de-ouro-734571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sicnoticias.pt/desporto/2020-10-19-Encontrar-a-melhor-equipa-de-todos-os-tempos.Ronaldo-Figo-e-Eusebio-nomeados">"Encontrar a melhor equipa de todos os tempos. Ronaldo, Figo e Eusébio nomeados"</a>. SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). 19 October 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SIC+Not%C3%ADcias&rft.atitle=Encontrar+a+melhor+equipa+de+todos+os+tempos.+Ronaldo%2C+Figo+e+Eus%C3%A9bio+nomeados&rft.date=2020-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsicnoticias.pt%2Fdesporto%2F2020-10-19-Encontrar-a-melhor-equipa-de-todos-os-tempos.Ronaldo-Figo-e-Eusebio-nomeados&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iffhs.com/posts/964">"IFFHS"</a>. iffhs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203954/https://iffhs.com/posts/964">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iffhs.com&rft.atitle=IFFHS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiffhs.com%2Fposts%2F964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internationaldistribution.sic.pt/catalogue/lifestyle/2017-02-23-JOSE-MOURINHO---THE-BEST-COACH-IN-THE-WORLD">"SIC International Distribution JOSÉ MOURINHO - THE BEST COACH IN THE WORLD"</a>. SIC International Distribution (in European Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180717/https://internationaldistribution.sic.pt/catalogue/lifestyle/2017-02-23-JOSE-MOURINHO---THE-BEST-COACH-IN-THE-WORLD">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SIC+International+Distribution&rft.atitle=SIC+International+Distribution+JOS%C3%89+MOURINHO+-+THE+BEST+COACH+IN+THE+WORLD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternationaldistribution.sic.pt%2Fcatalogue%2Flifestyle%2F2017-02-23-JOSE-MOURINHO---THE-BEST-COACH-IN-THE-WORLD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dn.pt/desporto/abel-vence-campeonato-paulista-e-e-o-treinador-estrangeiro-com-mais-titulos-do-brasil-16149727.html">"Abel vence Campeonato Paulista e é o treinador estrangeiro com mais títulos do Brasil"</a>. dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 9 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410135028/https://www.dn.pt/desporto/abel-vence-campeonato-paulista-e-e-o-treinador-estrangeiro-com-mais-titulos-do-brasil-16149727.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dn.pt&rft.atitle=Abel+vence+Campeonato+Paulista+e+%C3%A9+o+treinador+estrangeiro+com+mais+t%C3%ADtulos+do+Brasil&rft.date=2023-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.pt%2Fdesporto%2Fabel-vence-campeonato-paulista-e-e-o-treinador-estrangeiro-com-mais-titulos-do-brasil-16149727.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribuna.expresso.pt/futebol-internacional/2023-12-07-Abel-para-a-eternidade-Palmeiras-revalida-titulo-do-Brasileirao-e-portugues-consolida-estatuto-lendario-f3afeeed">"Abel para a eternidade: Palmeiras revalida título do Brasileirão e português consolida estatuto lendário"</a>. Tribuna Expresso (in European Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180709/https://tribuna.expresso.pt/futebol-internacional/2023-12-07-Abel-para-a-eternidade-Palmeiras-revalida-titulo-do-Brasileirao-e-portugues-consolida-estatuto-lendario-f3afeeed">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tribuna+Expresso&rft.atitle=Abel+para+a+eternidade%3A+Palmeiras+revalida+t%C3%ADtulo+do+Brasileir%C3%A3o+e+portugu%C3%AAs+consolida+estatuto+lend%C3%A1rio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribuna.expresso.pt%2Ffutebol-internacional%2F2023-12-07-Abel-para-a-eternidade-Palmeiras-revalida-titulo-do-Brasileirao-e-portugues-consolida-estatuto-lendario-f3afeeed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211082330/http://www.globalgolfermag.com/matthewmooreblogspot/why-portugal-is-still-europes-1-golf-destination/">"Why Portugal is still Europe's #1 golf destination"</a>. Globalgolfermag.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalgolfermag.com/matthewmooreblogspot/why-portugal-is-still-europes-1-golf-destination/">the original</a> on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalgolfermag.com&rft.atitle=Why+Portugal+is+still+Europe%27s+%231+golf+destination&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalgolfermag.com%2Fmatthewmooreblogspot%2Fwhy-portugal-is-still-europes-1-golf-destination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803011446/https://tripwix.com/2016/12/world-golf-awards-2016-portugal-voted-the-best-golf-destination-in-the-world/">"World Golf Awards 2016: Portugal Voted the Best Golf Destination in the World"</a>. Tripwix.com. 9 December 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tripwix.com/2016/12/world-golf-awards-2016-portugal-voted-the-best-golf-destination-in-the-world/">the original</a> on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tripwix.com&rft.atitle=World+Golf+Awards+2016%3A+Portugal+Voted+the+Best+Golf+Destination+in+the+World&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftripwix.com%2F2016%2F12%2Fworld-golf-awards-2016-portugal-voted-the-best-golf-destination-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDisney2009" class="citation book cs1">Disney, A. R. (2009). A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire, vol. 1: Portugal. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-60397-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-60397-3"><bdi>978-0-521-60397-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Portugal+and+the+Portuguese+Empire%2C+vol.+1%3A+Portugal&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-60397-3&rft.aulast=Disney&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPageSonnenburg2003" class="citation book cs1">Page, Melvin Eugene; Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003). Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-335-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-335-3"><bdi>978-1-57607-335-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism%3A+An+International%2C+Social%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Political+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-335-3&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Melvin+Eugene&rft.au=Sonnenburg%2C+Penny+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivermore1969" class="citation book cs1">Livermore, Harold V. (1969). A New History of Portugal. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Portugal&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Livermore&rft.aufirst=Harold+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Grande Enciclopédia Universal. Durclub. 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grande+Enciclop%C3%A9dia+Universal&rft.pub=Durclub&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Constituição da República Portuguesa [Constitution of the Portuguese Republic] (in Portuguese) (VI Revisão Constitucional ed.). 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Rep%C3%BAblica+Portuguesa&rft.edition=VI+Revis%C3%A3o+Constitucional&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Portugal at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portugal" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Portugal">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portugal" class="extiw" title="c:Portugal">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Portugal" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Portugal">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Portugal" class="extiw" title="q:Portugal">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portugal" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Portugal">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portugal" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Portugal">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portugal" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Portugal">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Portugal" class="extiw" title="voy:Portugal">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45" class="extiw" title="d:Q45">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Portugal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Portugal">Portugal</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Portugal#Q45" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Portugal">Portugal</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/295480">Portugal</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theportugalnews.com/">National English language newspaper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winesofportugal.info/?market=2">National Wine Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portuguese-american-journal.com/?s=portugal&x=0&y=0">News about Portugal</a> from the Portuguese American Journal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080727024243/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/portugal.htm">Portugal</a> at UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17758217">Portugal profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/portugal/">Portugal</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrestageJayne1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Prestage" title="Edgar Prestage">Prestage, Edgar</a>; Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Portugal">"Portugal" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). pp. 134–163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Portugal&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=134-163&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Prestage&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft.au=Jayne%2C+Kingsley+Garland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortugal" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/portpam.html">Portuguese Pamphlets Collection</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/">Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Portugal" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Portugal">Wikimedia Atlas of Portugal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.en.parlamento.pt/">Official Parliament website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portugal.gov.pt/en.aspx">Official Portuguese Government website</a> (in English and Portuguese)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Trade</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/PRT/Year/2012/Summary">World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Portugal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Travel</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407215705/http://www.turismodeportugal.pt/Paginas/PageNotFoundError.aspx?requestUrl=http://www.turismodeportugal.pt/english/TurismodeportugalIP/Pages/TurismodePortugalIP.aspx">Official Portuguese Government Travel/media website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitportugal.com/en">Official Travel and Tourism office website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portugal_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portugal_topics" title="Template talk:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portugal_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Portuguese_history" title="Timeline of Portuguese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oestriminis" title="Oestriminis">Oestriminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiussa" title="Ophiussa">Ophiussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zamora" title="Treaty of Zamora">Treaty of Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestis_Probatum" title="Manifestis Probatum">Manifestis Probatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Portuguese_interregnum" title="1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum">1383–1385 interregnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Windsor_(1386)" title="Treaty of Windsor (1386)">Treaty of Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Portugal in the Middle Ages">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1415%E2%80%931578)" title="History of Portugal (1415–1578)">Portuguese golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance" title="Portuguese Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1761 Lisbon earthquake">1761 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1777%E2%80%931834)" title="History of Portugal (1777–1834)">History of Portugal (1777–1834)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Revolution_of_1820" title="Liberal Revolution of 1820">Liberal Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1834%E2%80%931910)" title="History of Portugal (1834–1910)">Constitutional monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Portuguese_Republic" title="First Portuguese Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 de Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Overseas War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Portuguese_Republic" title="Third Portuguese Republic">Third Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Portugal" title="Military history of Portugal">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal" title="Music history of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portuguese" title="History of Portuguese">Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/80px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/120px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/160px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="342" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of cities in Portugal">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Portugal" title="List of mountains in Portugal">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Portugal" title="List of islands of Portugal">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Portugal" title="List of lakes of Portugal">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Portugal" title="List of rivers of Portugal">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Portugal" title="List of earthquakes in Portugal">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Portugal" title="List of volcanoes in Portugal">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Portugal" title="Law of Portugal">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Portugal" title="Law enforcement in Portugal">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Portugal" title="Human rights in Portugal">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Portugal">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Portugal" title="List of political parties in Portugal">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal" title="Economy of Portugal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Portugal" title="Agriculture in Portugal">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Portugal" title="Banco de Portugal">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Portugal" title="Energy in Portugal">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Portugal" title="Exclusive economic zone of Portugal">Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Portugal">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Portugal" title="Mining in Portugal">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Portugal" title="Science and technology in Portugal">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Portugal" title="Telecommunications in Portugal">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Portugal" title="Transport in Portugal">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Portugal" title="Category:Society of Portugal">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Portugal" title="Crime in Portugal">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal" title="Drug policy of Portugal">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Portugal" title="Health in Portugal">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Portugal" title="Homelessness in Portugal">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Portugal" title="Housing in Portugal">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Portugal" title="Immigration to Portugal">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Portugal" title="Naturism in Portugal">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Portugal">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Portugal" title="Prostitution in Portugal">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Portugal" title="Time in Portugal">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Portugal" title="Women in Portugal">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Portugal" title="Mass media in Portugal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_Portugal" title="List of national monuments of Portugal">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal" title="Public holidays in Portugal">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Portugal" title="Sport in Portugal">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Portugal" title="National symbols of Portugal">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Portugal" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Portugal" title="Outline of Portugal">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portugal" title="Category:Portugal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Portugal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Portugal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Portugal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas of internal sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li>4 Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_main_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/80px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/120px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/160px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Former members</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template talk:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Membership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_CPLP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/150px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/225px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/300px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="701" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Executive Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Flag of the CPLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPLP_Games" title="CPLP Games">CPLP Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries#CPLP_Summits" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">CPLP Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_CPLP_Summit" title="1st CPLP Summit">I – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_CPLP_Summit" title="2nd CPLP Summit">II – Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_CPLP_Summit" title="3rd CPLP Summit">III – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_CPLP_Summit" title="4th CPLP Summit">IV – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_CPLP_Summit" title="5th CPLP Summit">V – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_CPLP_Summit" title="6th CPLP Summit">VI – Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_CPLP_Summit" title="7th CPLP Summit">VII – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_CPLP_Summit" title="8th CPLP Summit">VIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_CPLP_Summit" title="9th CPLP Summit">IX – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_CPLP_Summit" title="10th CPLP Summit">X – Díli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_CPLP_Summit" title="11th CPLP Summit">XI – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_CPLP_Summit" title="12th CPLP Summit">XII – Ilha do Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – Bissau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Portuguese literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone_music" title="Lusophone music">Lusophone music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACOLOP" title="ACOLOP">ACOLOP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lusophony_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophony Games">Lusophony Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Portuguese is an official language">Countries with Portuguese as an official language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_organisations_which_have_Portuguese_as_an_official_language" title="List of international organisations which have Portuguese as an official language">International organizations with Portuguese as an official languages</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Category:Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122428399">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153009195">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208476/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxxjMbPKJH7yTMRfq7j4q">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4046843-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80049716">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119328454">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865344k">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119328454">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865344k">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569163">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130488&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575378">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000042835&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548069305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/781b0c54-3d54-362d-a941-8a617def4992">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/feb63f94-bb00-469f-a60b-fd7081f16236">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/wqhKMlej">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026398516">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003368">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035824">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portugal&params=39_N_8_W_type:country">39°N 8°W / 39°N 8°W / 39; -8</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugal&oldid=1258613231">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugal&oldid=1258613231</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portugal" title="Category:Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_and_territories_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" title="Category:Countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language">Countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_Europe" title="Category:Countries in Europe">Countries in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iberian_Peninsula_countries" title="Category:Iberian Peninsula countries">Iberian Peninsula countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_NATO" title="Category:Member states of NATO">Member states of NATO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Category:Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Member states of the European Union">Member states of the European Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Category:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean">Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Category:Member states of 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