CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"lang="en"> <head> <!-- NATGEO | 42f1701f5367 | 3796 | f76c83dbe62914fe5ac9b6d66e0d0d4dd85c4ee1 | www.nationalgeographic.com | Sun, 24 Nov 2024 14:45:04 GMT --> <meta charSet="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <script src="https://dcf.espn.com/TWDC-DTCI/prod/Bootstrap.js" async></script> <link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/fusion-59015cb9.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/8202-e4f72c35.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/natgeo-762fa9a3.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/3460-2b75f11c.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/8833-005d2bce.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/5427-d6305e79.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/4162-313cf2d3.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/9381-70992203.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/7023-52a0e8dc.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/2757-de86c08c.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/2751-c9618b3e.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/6227-32fe965d.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/5513-932f66f4.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/1089-75547af4.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/926-4d92eccf.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/hub-ca1bbd08.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hreflang="en-us" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="mask-icon" href="https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/icons/mask-icon.svg" color="#FFCC00"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/icons/favicon.ico"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/icons/favicon-32x32.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="32x32" href="https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/icons/favicon-32x32.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/icons/favicon-180x180.png"/> <script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/runtime-8349f61a.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/8202-236416f1.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/9479-e4570a09.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/7708-37c5b074.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/2919-5601fd2a.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/3460-bb7648a2.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/19-1bab2616.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/4257-3ac25efc.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/9111-ead00aa2.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/1308-79ce6604.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/8812-28a3ed57.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/3021-2f0be111.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/8330-6af310aa.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/5427-0bf927ab.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/4162-192c0a75.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/9381-56e8d894.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/4343-b87c7e66.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/1089-92cc6432.js" defer></script> <link rel="prefetch" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/_manifest.js" as="script" /><link rel="prefetch" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/natgeo-b6cb5abe.js" as="script" /> <link rel="prefetch" href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/hub-a4f3e2a4.js" as="script" /> <title data-react-helmet="true">The Planet</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" name="title" content="The Planet"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="Read National Geographic&#x27;s latest stories about the environment."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="medium" content="website"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="guid" content="drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:29044477-031c-45c0-86cb-f8b342b6be26"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:site_name" content="National Geographic"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="The Planet"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="Read National Geographic&#x27;s latest stories about the environment."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" content="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_16x9.jpg?w=1200"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image:width" content="1200"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image:height" content="674.9439042632761"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:type" content="website"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="referrer" content="origin"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:audiences" content="General"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:concepts" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:events" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:firstSubject" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:genres" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:locations" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:organizations" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:otherSubjects" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:people" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:series" content/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:source" content="Environment"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:site" content="@NatGeo"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:title" content="The Planet"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:description" content="Read National Geographic&#x27;s latest stories about the environment."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:url" content="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:image:src" content="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_16x9.jpg?w=1200"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:creator" content="@NatGeo"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:image:alt" content="The Planet"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="418671597"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="National Geographic"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.natgeomobile.ngmagazine"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="National Geographic"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/natgeo"/> <script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/340714530193d9627afecb7a2bab115079ee90db012cba398ac76b3339880fdc"></script> <script data-nr-type="legacy" data-nr-pct="100">(() => {function gc(n){n=document.cookie.match("(^|;) ?"+n+"=([^;]*)(;|$)");return n?n[2]:null}function sc(n){document.cookie=n}function smpl(n){n/=100;return!!n&&Math.random()<=n}var _nr=!1,_nrCookie=gc("_nr");null!==_nrCookie?"1"===_nrCookie&&(_nr=!0):smpl(100)?(_nr=!0,sc("_nr=1; path=/")):(_nr=!1,sc("_nr=0; path=/"));_nr && (() => {;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};;NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","sa":1,"licenseKey":"5985ced6ff","applicationID":"703643455"};__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var o=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(o.exports,function(e){var o=t[n][1][e];return r(o||e)},o,o.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<n.length;o++)r(n[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(e){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(31),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){r(n.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,e){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r,s){try{l?l-=1:o(s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n),!0)}catch(f){try{i("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function o(t,e){var n=e?null:c.now();i("err",[t,n])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(32),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,p="nr@seenError";if(!c.disabled){var l=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(14),t(13),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7),c.xhrWrappable&&t(15),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){d&&(l+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){d&&!n[p]&&(f(n,p,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,o(n))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&l>0&&(l-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})}},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("loader");r.disabled||(r.features.ins=!0)},{}],4:[function(t,e,n){function r(){U++,L=g.hash,this[u]=y.now()}function o(){U--,g.hash!==L&&i(0,!0);var t=y.now();this[h]=~~this[h]+t-this[u],this[d]=t}function i(t,e){E.emit("newURL",[""+g,e])}function a(t,e){t.on(e,function(){this[e]=y.now()})}var s="-start",c="-end",f="-body",u="fn"+s,d="fn"+c,p="cb"+s,l="cb"+c,h="jsTime",m="fetch",v="addEventListener",w=window,g=w.location,y=t("loader");if(w[v]&&y.xhrWrappable&&!y.disabled){var x=t(11),b=t(12),E=t(9),R=t(7),O=t(14),T=t(8),S=t(15),P=t(10),M=t("ee"),C=M.get("tracer"),N=t(23);t(17),y.features.spa=!0;var L,U=0;M.on(u,r),b.on(p,r),P.on(p,r),M.on(d,o),b.on(l,o),P.on(l,o),M.buffer([u,d,"xhr-resolved"]),R.buffer([u]),O.buffer(["setTimeout"+c,"clearTimeout"+s,u]),S.buffer([u,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+s]),T.buffer([m+s,m+"-done",m+f+s,m+f+c]),E.buffer(["newURL"]),x.buffer([u]),b.buffer(["propagate",p,l,"executor-err","resolve"+s]),C.buffer([u,"no-"+u]),P.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"]),a(T,m+s),a(T,m+"-done"),a(P,"new-jsonp"),a(P,"jsonp-end"),a(P,"cb-start"),E.on("pushState-end",i),E.on("replaceState-end",i),w[v]("hashchange",i,N(!0)),w[v]("load",i,N(!0)),w[v]("popstate",function(){i(0,U>1)},N(!0))}},{}],5:[function(t,e,n){function r(){var t=new PerformanceObserver(function(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();s(v,[n])});try{t.observe({entryTypes:["resource"]})}catch(e){}}function o(t){if(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(w)]),window.performance["c"+p])try{window.performance[h](m,o,!1)}catch(t){}else try{window.performance[h]("webkit"+m,o,!1)}catch(t){}}function i(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var a=t("ee"),s=t("handle"),c=t(14),f=t(13),u=t(6),d=t(23),p="learResourceTimings",l="addEventListener",h="removeEventListener",m="resourcetimingbufferfull",v="bstResource",w="resource",g="-start",y="-end",x="fn"+g,b="fn"+y,E="bstTimer",R="pushState",O=t("loader");if(!O.disabled){O.features.stn=!0,t(9),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7);var T=NREUM.o.EV;a.on(x,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&(this.bstStart=O.now())}),a.on(b,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&s("bst",[n,e,this.bstStart,O.now()])}),c.on(x,function(t,e,n){this.bstStart=O.now(),this.bstType=n}),c.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),this.bstType])}),f.on(x,function(){this.bstStart=O.now()}),f.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),a.on(R+g,function(t){this.time=O.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),a.on(R+y,function(t){s("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),u()?(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource")]),r()):l in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+p]?window.performance[l](m,o,d(!1)):window.performance[l]("webkit"+m,o,d(!1))),document[l]("scroll",i,d(!1)),document[l]("keypress",i,d(!1)),document[l]("click",i,d(!1))}}},{}],6:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(){return"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver}},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){for(var e=t;e&&!e.hasOwnProperty(u);)e=Object.getPrototypeOf(e);e&&o(e)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,e){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t("wrap-function")(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";e.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,e){var n=t[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var r=c(n,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof n.handleEvent)return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)}var e={object:t,"function":n}[typeof n];return e?s(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],8:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){var r=t[e];"function"==typeof r&&(t[e]=function(){var t=i(arguments),e={};o.emit(n+"before-start",[t],e);var a;e[m]&&e[m].dt&&(a=e[m].dt);var s=r.apply(this,t);return o.emit(n+"start",[t,a],s),s.then(function(t){return o.emit(n+"end",[null,t],s),t},function(t){throw o.emit(n+"end",[t],s),t})})}var o=t("ee").get("fetch"),i=t(32),a=t(31);e.exports=o;var s=window,c="fetch-",f=c+"body-",u=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],d=s.Request,p=s.Response,l=s.fetch,h="prototype",m="nr@context";d&&p&&l&&(a(u,function(t,e){r(d[h],e,f),r(p[h],e,f)}),r(s,"fetch",c),o.on(c+"end",function(t,e){var n=this;if(e){var r=e.headers.get("content-length");null!==r&&(n.rxSize=r),o.emit(c+"done",[null,e],n)}else o.emit(c+"done",[t],n)}))},{}],9:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t("wrap-function")(r);e.exports=r;var i=window.history&&window.history.constructor&&window.history.constructor.prototype,a=window.history;i&&i.pushState&&i.replaceState&&(a=i),o.inPlace(a,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],10:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}function n(){f.emit("jsonp-error",[],l),f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}var r=t&&"string"==typeof t.nodeName&&"script"===t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(r){var o="function"==typeof t.addEventListener;if(o){var a=i(t.src);if(a){var d=s(a),p="function"==typeof d.parent[d.key];if(p){var l={};u.inPlace(d.parent,[d.key],"cb-",l),t.addEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.addEventListener("error",n,c(!1)),f.emit("new-jsonp",[t.src],l)}}}}}function o(){return"addEventListener"in window}function i(t){var e=t.match(d);return e?e[1]:null}function a(t,e){var n=t.match(l),r=n[1],o=n[3];return o?a(o,e[r]):e[r]}function s(t){var e=t.match(p);return e&&e.length>=3?{key:e[2],parent:a(e[1],window)}:{key:t,parent:window}}var c=t(23),f=t("ee").get("jsonp"),u=t("wrap-function")(f);if(e.exports=f,o()){var d=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,p=/(.*).([^.]+)/,l=/^(w+)(.|$)(.*)$/,h=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];Node&&Node.prototype&&Node.prototype.appendChild?u.inPlace(Node.prototype,h,"dom-"):(u.inPlace(HTMLElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLHeadElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLBodyElement.prototype,h,"dom-")),f.on("dom-start",function(t){r(t[0])})}},{}],11:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("mutation"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i=NREUM.o.MO;e.exports=r,i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(t){return this instanceof i?new i(o(t,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype)},{}],12:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=i.context(),n=s(t,"executor-",e,null,!1),r=new f(n);return i.context(r).getCtx=function(){return e},r}var o=t("wrap-function"),i=t("ee").get("promise"),a=t("ee").getOrSetContext,s=o(i),c=t(31),f=NREUM.o.PR;e.exports=i,f&&(window.Promise=r,["all","race"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(n){function r(t){return function(){i.emit("propagate",[null,!o],a,!1,!1),o=o||!t}}var o=!1;c(n,function(e,n){Promise.resolve(n).then(r("all"===t),r(!1))});var a=e.apply(f,arguments),s=f.resolve(a);return s}}),["resolve","reject"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(t){var n=e.apply(f,arguments);return t!==n&&i.emit("propagate",[t,!0],n,!1,!1),n}}),f.prototype["catch"]=function(t){return this.then(null,t)},f.prototype=Object.create(f.prototype,{constructor:{value:r}}),c(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(f),function(t,e){try{r[e]=f[e]}catch(n){}}),o.wrapInPlace(f.prototype,"then",function(t){return function(){var e=this,n=o.argsToArray.apply(this,arguments),r=a(e);r.promise=e,n[0]=s(n[0],"cb-",r,null,!1),n[1]=s(n[1],"cb-",r,null,!1);var c=t.apply(this,n);return r.nextPromise=c,i.emit("propagate",[e,!0],c,!1,!1),c}}),i.on("executor-start",function(t){t[0]=s(t[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),t[1]=s(t[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)}),i.on("executor-err",function(t,e,n){t[1](n)}),i.on("cb-end",function(t,e,n){i.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)}),i.on("propagate",function(t,e,n){this.getCtx&&!e||(this.getCtx=function(){if(t instanceof Promise)var e=i.context(t);return e&&e.getCtx?e.getCtx():this})}),r.toString=function(){return""+f})},{}],13:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";e.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],14:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,n)}function o(t,e,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,n)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t("wrap-function")(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";e.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],15:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){d.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,e=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!e.resolved&&(e.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function i(t){x.push(t),m&&(E?E.then(a):w?w(a):(R=-R,O.data=R))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<x.length;t++)r([],x[t]);x.length&&(x=[])}function s(t,e){return e}function c(t,e){for(var n in t)e[n]=t[n];return e}t(7);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t("wrap-function")(u),p=t(23),l=NREUM.o,h=l.XHR,m=l.MO,v=l.PR,w=l.SI,g="readystatechange",y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],x=[];e.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new h(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[e],e),e.addEventListener(g,o,p(!1))}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}return e};if(c(h,b),b.prototype=h.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){r(t,e),i(e)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),m){var E=v&&v.resolve();if(!w&&!v){var R=1,O=document.createTextNode(R);new m(a).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===g||a()})},{}],16:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(!s(t))return null;var e=window.NREUM;if(!e.loader_config)return null;var n=(e.loader_config.accountID||"").toString()||null,r=(e.loader_config.agentID||"").toString()||null,f=(e.loader_config.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!r)return null;var h=l.generateSpanId(),m=l.generateTraceId(),v=Date.now(),w={spanId:h,traceId:m,timestamp:v};return(t.sameOrigin||c(t)&&p())&&(w.traceContextParentHeader=o(h,m),w.traceContextStateHeader=i(h,v,n,r,f)),(t.sameOrigin&&!u()||!t.sameOrigin&&c(t)&&d())&&(w.newrelicHeader=a(h,m,v,n,r,f)),w}function o(t,e){return"00-"+e+"-"+t+"-01"}function i(t,e,n,r,o){var i=0,a="",s=1,c="",f="";return o+"@nr="+i+"-"+s+"-"+n+"-"+r+"-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+c+"-"+f+"-"+e}function a(t,e,n,r,o,i){var a="btoa"in window&&"function"==typeof window.btoa;if(!a)return null;var s={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:r,ap:o,id:t,tr:e,ti:n}};return i&&r!==i&&(s.d.tk=i),btoa(JSON.stringify(s))}function s(t){return f()&&c(t)}function c(t){var e=!1,n={};if("init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&(n=NREUM.init.distributed_tracing),t.sameOrigin)e=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var r=0;r<n.allowed_origins.length;r++){var o=h(n.allowed_origins[r]);if(t.hostname===o.hostname&&t.protocol===o.protocol&&t.port===o.port){e=!0;break}}return e}function f(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.enabled}function u(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.exclude_newrelic_header}function d(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_newrelic_header!==!1}function p(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}var l=t(28),h=t(18);e.exports={generateTracePayload:r,shouldGenerateTrace:s}},{}],17:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<p;r++)t.removeEventListener(d[r],this.listener,!1);return e.protocol&&"data"===e.protocol?void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded"):void(e.aborted||(n.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==e.status&&(e.status=0):i(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,s("xhr",[e,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this)))}}function o(t,e){var n=c(e),r=t.params;r.hostname=n.hostname,r.port=n.port,r.protocol=n.protocol,r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.parsedOrigin=n,t.sameOrigin=n.sameOrigin}function i(t,e){t.params.status=e.status;var n=v(e,t.lastSize);if(n&&(t.metrics.rxSize=n),t.sameOrigin){var r=e.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");r&&(t.params.cat=r.split(", ").pop())}t.loadCaptureCalled=!0}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable&&!a.disabled){var s=t("handle"),c=t(18),f=t(16).generateTracePayload,u=t("ee"),d=["load","error","abort","timeout"],p=d.length,l=t("id"),h=t(24),m=t(22),v=t(19),w=t(23),g=t(25).recordSupportability,y=NREUM.o.REQ,x=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(15),t(8),u.on("new-xhr",function(t){var e=this;e.totalCbs=0,e.called=0,e.cbTime=0,e.end=r,e.ended=!1,e.xhrGuids={},e.lastSize=null,e.loadCaptureCalled=!1,e.params=this.params||{},e.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.addEventListener("load",function(n){i(e,t)},w(!1)),h&&(h>34||h<10)||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){e.lastSize=t.loaded},w(!1))}),u.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},o(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),u.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid);var n=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var r=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),r=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&e.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r&&(this.dt=n)}}),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){var n=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(n&&r){var i=m(r);i&&(n.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"!==t.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof e.onload))&&o.end(e)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<p;s++)e.addEventListener(d[s],this.listener,w(!1))}),u.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),u.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),u.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),u.on("xhr-resolved",function(){this.endTime=a.now()}),u.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof x&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),u.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&u.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)}),u.on("fetch-before-start",function(t){function e(t,e){var n=!1;return e.newrelicHeader&&(t.set("newrelic",e.newrelicHeader),n=!0),e.traceContextParentHeader&&(t.set("traceparent",e.traceContextParentHeader),e.traceContextStateHeader&&t.set("tracestate",e.traceContextStateHeader),n=!0),n}var n,r=t[1]||{};"string"==typeof t[0]?n=t[0]:t[0]&&t[0].url?n=t[0].url:window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL&&(n=t[0].href),n&&(this.parsedOrigin=c(n),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var o=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(o&&(o.newrelicHeader||o.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof t[0]||window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL){var i={};for(var a in r)i[a]=r[a];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),e(i.headers,o)&&(this.dt=o),t.length>1?t[1]=i:t.push(i)}else t[0]&&t[0].headers&&e(t[0].headers,o)&&(this.dt=o)}),u.on("fetch-start",function(t,e){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=a.now(),this.dt=e,t.length>=1&&(this.target=t[0]),t.length>=2&&(this.opts=t[1]);var n,r=this.opts||{},i=this.target;if("string"==typeof i?n=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof y?n=i.url:window.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(n=i.href),o(this,n),"data"!==this.params.protocol){var s=(""+(i&&i instanceof y&&i.method||r.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=s,this.txSize=m(r.body)||0}}),u.on("fetch-done",function(t,e){if(this.endTime=a.now(),this.params||(this.params={}),"data"===this.params.protocol)return void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded");this.params.status=e?e.status:0;var n;"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var r={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:a.now()-this.startTime};s("xhr",[this.params,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this)})}},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){var r={};e.exports=function(t){if(t in r)return r[t];if(0===(t||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,o={};e.href=t,o.port=e.port;var i=e.href.split("://");!o.port&&i[1]&&(o.port=i[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===i[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,o.pathname=e.pathname,o.protocol=i[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var a=!e.protocol||":"===e.protocol||e.protocol===n.protocol,s=e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port;return o.sameOrigin=a&&(!e.hostname||s),"/"===o.pathname&&(r[t]=o),o}},{}],19:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.responseType;return"json"===n&&null!==e?e:"arraybuffer"===n||"blob"===n||"json"===n?o(t.response):"text"===n||""===n||void 0===n?o(t.responseText):void 0}var o=t(22);e.exports=r},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t,e,n,r){return function(){return u.recordSupportability("API/"+e+"/called"),i(t+e,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),n?null:this,r),n?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(31),s=t(32),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=t(25),d=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=d);var p=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",h=l+"ixn-";a(p,function(t,e){d[e]=o(l,e,!0,"api")}),d.addPageAction=o(l,"addPageAction",!0),d.setCurrentRouteName=o(l,"routeName",!0),e.exports=newrelic,d.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var n={},r=this,o="function"==typeof e;return i(h+"tracer",[f.now(),t,n],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],n),o)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],n),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],n)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,e){m[e]=o(h,e)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),u.recordSupportability("API/noticeError/called"),i("err",[t,f.now(),!1,e])}},{}],21:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(NREUM.init){for(var e=NREUM.init,n=t.split("."),r=0;r<n.length-1;r++)if(e=e[n[r]],"object"!=typeof e)return;return e=e[n[n.length-1]]}}e.exports={getConfiguration:r}},{}],22:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return}}}},{}],23:[function(t,e,n){var r=!1;try{var o=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){r=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,o),window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,o)}catch(i){}e.exports=function(t){return r?{passive:!0,capture:!!t}:!!t}},{}],24:[function(t,e,n){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/s](d+.d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),e.exports=r},{}],25:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[a,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeMetric",n,null,"api"),n}function o(t,e){var n=[s,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeEventMetrics",n,null,"api"),n}var i=t("handle"),a="sm",s="cm";e.exports={constants:{SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:a,CUSTOM_METRIC:s},recordSupportability:r,recordCustom:o}},{}],26:[function(t,e,n){function r(){return s.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(i=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),i))-a}function o(){return i}var i=(new Date).getTime(),a=i,s=t(33);e.exports=r,e.exports.offset=a,e.exports.getLastTimestamp=o},{}],27:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.forEach(function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?l("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&l("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)])})}function o(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var r=n[n.length-1];if(f&&f<r.startTime)return;var o=[r],i=a({});i&&o.push(i),l("lcp",o)}}function i(t){t.getEntries().forEach(function(t){t.hadRecentInput||l("cls",[t])})}function a(t){var e=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(e)return e.type&&(t["net-type"]=e.type),e.effectiveType&&(t["net-etype"]=e.effectiveType),e.rtt&&(t["net-rtt"]=e.rtt),e.downlink&&(t["net-dlink"]=e.downlink),t}function s(t){if(t instanceof w&&!y){var e=Math.round(t.timeStamp),n={type:t.type};a(n),e<=h.now()?n.fid=h.now()-e:e>h.offset&&e<=Date.now()?(e-=h.offset,n.fid=h.now()-e):e=h.now(),y=!0,l("timing",["fi",e,n])}}function c(t){"hidden"===t&&(f=h.now(),l("pageHide",[f]))}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var f,u,d,p,l=t("handle"),h=t("loader"),m=t(30),v=t(23),w=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){u=new PerformanceObserver(r);try{u.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(g){}d=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{d.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(g){}p=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{p.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(g){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var y=!1,x=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];x.forEach(function(t){document.addEventListener(t,s,v(!1))})}m(c)}},{}],28:[function(t,e,n){function r(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",s=0;s<i.length;s++)o=i[s],"x"===o?a+=t().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&t()|8,a+=o.toString(16)):a+=o;return a}function o(){return a(16)}function i(){return a(32)}function a(t){function e(){return n?15&n[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}var n=null,r=0,o=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;o&&o.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(n=o.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(t)));for(var i=[],a=0;a<t;a++)i.push(e().toString(16));return i.join("")}e.exports={generateUuid:r,generateSpanId:o,generateTraceId:i}},{}],29:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!o)return!1;if(t!==o)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!i)return!1;for(var n=i.split("."),r=e.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==n[a])return!1;return!0}var o=null,i=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var s=navigator.userAgent,c=s.match(a);c&&s.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&s.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(o="Safari",i=c[1])}e.exports={agent:o,version:i,match:r}},{}],30:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){t(s&&document[s]?document[s]:document[i]?"hidden":"visible")}"addEventListener"in document&&a&&document.addEventListener(a,e,o(!1))}var o=t(23);e.exports=r;var i,a,s;"undefined"!=typeof document.hidden?(i="hidden",a="visibilitychange",s="visibilityState"):"undefined"!=typeof document.msHidden?(i="msHidden",a="msvisibilitychange"):"undefined"!=typeof document.webkitHidden&&(i="webkitHidden",a="webkitvisibilitychange",s="webkitVisibilityState")},{}],31:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(n[i]=e(r,t[r]),i+=1);return n}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],32:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=n-e||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[e+r];return i}e.exports=r},{}],33:[function(t,e,n){e.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t){function e(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?f(t,c,a):a()}function n(n,r,o,i,a){if(a!==!1&&(a=!0),!l.aborted||i){t&&a&&t(n,r,o);for(var s=e(o),c=m(n),f=c.length,u=0;u<f;u++)c[u].apply(s,r);var p=d[y[n]];return p&&p.push([x,n,r,s]),s}}function i(t,e){g[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function h(t,e){var n=g[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return g[t]||[]}function v(t){return p[t]=p[t]||o(n)}function w(t,e){l.aborted||u(t,function(t,n){e=e||"feature",y[n]=e,e in d||(d[e]=[])})}var g={},y={},x={on:i,addEventListener:i,removeEventListener:h,emit:n,get:v,listeners:m,context:e,buffer:w,abort:s,aborted:!1};return x}function i(t){return f(t,c,a)}function a(){return new r}function s(){(d.api||d.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,d=l.backlog={})}var c="nr@context",f=t("gos"),u=t(31),d={},p={},l=e.exports=o();e.exports.getOrSetContext=i,l.backlog=d},{}],gos:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){if(o.call(t,e))return t[e];var r=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[e]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,e,n)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");e.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");e.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,e,n){function r(){if(!T++){var t=O.info=NREUM.info,e=m.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(f.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&e))return f.abort();c(E,function(e,n){t[e]||(t[e]=n)});var n=a();s("mark",["onload",n+O.offset],null,"api"),s("timing",["load",n]);var r=m.createElement("script");0===t.agent.indexOf("http://")||0===t.agent.indexOf("https://")?r.src=t.agent:r.src=l+"://"+t.agent,e.parentNode.insertBefore(r,e)}}function o(){"complete"===m.readyState&&i()}function i(){s("mark",["domContent",a()+O.offset],null,"api")}var a=t(26),s=t("handle"),c=t(31),f=t("ee"),u=t(29),d=t(21),p=t(23),l=d.getConfiguration("ssl")===!1?"http":"https",h=window,m=h.document,v="addEventListener",w="attachEvent",g=h.XMLHttpRequest,y=g&&g.prototype,x=!1;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:h.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:g,REQ:h.Request,EV:h.Event,PR:h.Promise,MO:h.MutationObserver};var b=""+location,E={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-spa-1216.min.js"},R=g&&y&&y[v]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),O=e.exports={offset:a.getLastTimestamp(),now:a,origin:b,features:{},xhrWrappable:R,userAgent:u,disabled:x};if(!x){t(20),t(27),m[v]?(m[v]("DOMContentLoaded",i,p(!1)),h[v]("load",r,p(!1))):(m[w]("onreadystatechange",o),h[w]("onload",r)),s("mark",["firstbyte",a.getLastTimestamp()],null,"api");var T=0}},{}],"wrap-function":[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){function n(e,n,r,c,f){function nrWrapper(){var i,a,u,p;try{a=this,i=d(arguments),u="function"==typeof r?r(i,a):r||{}}catch(l){o([l,"",[i,a,c],u],t)}s(n+"start",[i,a,c],u,f);try{return p=e.apply(a,i)}catch(h){throw s(n+"err",[i,a,h],u,f),h}finally{s(n+"end",[i,a,p],u,f)}}return a(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[p]=e,i(e,nrWrapper,t),nrWrapper)}function r(t,e,r,o,i){r||(r="");var s,c,f,u="-"===r.charAt(0);for(f=0;f<e.length;f++)c=e[f],s=t[c],a(s)||(t[c]=n(s,u?c+r:r,o,c,i))}function s(n,r,i,a){if(!h||e){var s=h;h=!0;try{t.emit(n,r,i,e,a)}catch(c){o([c,n,r,i],t)}h=s}}return t||(t=u),n.inPlace=r,n.flag=p,n}function o(t,e){e||(e=u);try{e.emit("internal-error",t)}catch(n){}}function i(t,e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var r=Object.keys(t);return r.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(i){o([i],n)}for(var a in t)l.call(t,a)&&(e[a]=t[a]);return e}function a(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[p])}function s(t,e){var n=e(t);return n[p]=t,i(t,n,u),n}function c(t,e,n){var r=t[e];t[e]=s(r,n)}function f(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;++n)e[n]=arguments[n];return e}var u=t("ee"),d=t(32),p="nr@original",l=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,h=!1;e.exports=r,e.exports.wrapFunction=s,e.exports.wrapInPlace=c,e.exports.argsToArray=f},{}]},{},["loader",2,17,5,3,4]);;NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","sa":1,"licenseKey":"8d01ff17d1","applicationID":"415461361"}})();})();</script> <link href="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com" rel="preconnect" /> </head> <body> <div id="natgeo"><div id="fitt-analytics"><div></div><div><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><div class="GlobalNav"><div class="StickyBar"><div class="StickyBar--sticky"><nav class="NavBar"><div class="NavBar__Left__Container"><div class="NavBar__Logo__Container"><div data-track-event_name="natgeo logo" class="fitt-tracker"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" title="National Geographic" href="/"><picture><source srcSet="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e76f5368-6797-4794-b7f6-8d757c79ea5c/ng-logo-2fl.png?w=109&amp;h=32, https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e76f5368-6797-4794-b7f6-8d757c79ea5c/ng-logo-2fl.png?w=218&amp;h=64 2x"/><img alt="National Geographic Logo - Home" class="Image Logo NavBar__Logo Logo__lg" data-mptype="image" src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e76f5368-6797-4794-b7f6-8d757c79ea5c/ng-logo-2fl.png?w=109&amp;h=32"/></picture></a></div></div></div><button aria-label="Skip to content" class="Button--unstyled SkipNav" tabindex="0">Skip to content</button><div class="NavBar__Spacer"></div><ul class="NavBar__List" role="presentation"><li class="NavBar__List--item"></li><li class="NavBar__List--item "><div data-track-event_name="global nav interaction" data-track-nav_item="search" data-track-nav_type="default" data-track-nav_layer="top nav" class="fitt-tracker"><a class="AnchorLink NavBar__List--search" tabindex="0" aria-label="Search" href="/search"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="NavBar__list--searchIcon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__search"></use></svg></a></div></li><li class="NavBar__List--item NavBar__List--renew"><div data-track-event_name="global nav interaction" data-track-nav_item="newsletters" data-track-nav_type="default" data-track-nav_layer="top nav" class="fitt-tracker"><a class="AnchorLink NavBar__List--link" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/newsletters/signup">Newsletters</a></div></li><li class="NavBar__List--item"><div data-track-event_name="global nav interaction" data-track-nav_item="subscribe" data-track-nav_type="default" data-track-nav_layer="top nav" class="fitt-tracker"><a class="AnchorLink Button Button--anchorLink Button--default FillButton FillButton--link FillButton--secondary FillButton--large" tabindex="0" href="/subscribe" title="Subscribe"><span class="fillOne"></span><span class="fillTwo"></span><span class="content"><span>Subscribe</span></span></a></div></li><li class="NavBar__List--item"><div class="MenuModal NavBar__Menu--item"><button aria-label="Menu" aria-expanded="false" class="Button Button--default Button--icon MenuModal__MenuButton NavBar__Menu--item" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__double-chevron__down"></use></svg>Menu</button></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div></div><div class="stickyFrame stickyFrame--bottom"></div><div class="bp-mobileMDPlus bp-mobileLGPlus bp-tabletPlus bp-desktopPlus bp-desktopLGPlus" data-fitt-page-type="hub"><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><div class="PageLayout page-container cf PageLayout--desktopLg PageLayout--hub fitt-fade-in"><div class="PageLayout__Main" role="main" tabindex="-1"><div class=""><div class="FrameBackgroundFull FrameBackgroundFull--dark FrameBackgroundFull--video"><div class="FrameBackgroundFull__BackgroundImage" aria-hidden="true"><div><div class="AmbientVideoWrapper"><div class="NatGeoVideoPlayer FrameBackgroundFull__BackgroundImage aspect-ratio-common VideoPlayer"><iframe allowfullscreen="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" title="Video Player" class="absolute-fill" src="about:blank"></iframe><div class="VideoPlayer--placeholder absolute-fill"><div class="TintOverlay TintOverlay--dark TintOverlay--tint TintOverlay--tint-medium"></div></div></div><button aria-label="Pause" class="Button Button--sm Button--icon-noLabel Button--dark AmbientVideoWrapper__Toggle AmbientVideoWrapper__Toggle--top_left" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__ambient__pause"></use></svg></button></div></div></div><div class="GeneralContainer"><div id="1cf8666d-595e-4823-a4c0-7d6c9b6becaa" class="StackModule"><div class="BannerHeading BannerHeading--dark"><div class="BannerHeading__Title" role="presentation"><div class="Header Header--dark Header--left Header__IndentedLine"><div><h1 class="RichText Header__Headline Header__Headline--x-small">Environment</h1></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div id="a2630b27-d6d9-404e-8fa0-7b3cff0b9a18" class="StackModule"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="ad-wrapper"><div data-box-type="fitt-adbox-pixel"><div class="Ad pixel pixel ad-slot" data-slot-type="pixel" data-collapse-before-load="true" data-slot-kvps="pos=pixel"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterFrame"><div class="FilterBar"><div class="FilterBar__Container"><div role="tablist" class="FilterBar__Container__Items"></div></div></div><div class="GeneralContainer"><div class="GridPromoTile"><div class="GridPromoTile__Row"><div class="col col col-bottom-gutter-2 col-lg-8 col-sm-no-gutter" aria-label="How the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami unfolded"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--hero PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--vertical PromoTile__Type--hero"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="How the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami unfolded, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/tsunami-indian-ocean" id="fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_8842585b-3d3f-4535-9246-b0fb631ad371" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">How the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami unfolded</span></a><footer class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Footer"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title PromoTile__Title--hero"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>How the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami unfolded</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">How the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami unfolded</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--hero"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--hero icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter-2 col-md-6 col-lg-4 " aria-label="Why we add fluoride to water—and how it became so controversial"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--vertical PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Why we add fluoride to water—and how it became so controversial, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/fluoride-drinking-tap-water-health-controversy" id="fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_c82a9051-df49-48cf-bc30-076350bd9cd2" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Why we add fluoride to water—and how it became so controversial</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Why we add fluoride to water—and how it became so controversial</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Why we add fluoride to water—and how it became so controversial</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter-2 col-md-6 col-lg-4 " aria-label="Noisy boat traffic may hide fish from hungry orcas"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--vertical PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Noisy boat traffic may hide fish from hungry orcas, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/orcas-hunting-ship-traffic-noise" id="fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_f762a84e-32b8-439b-9f79-4aa8a7cd1b9b" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Noisy boat traffic may hide fish from hungry orcas</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals"><span>Animals</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Noisy boat traffic may hide fish from hungry orcas</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Noisy boat traffic may hide fish from hungry orcas</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter-2 col-md-6 col-lg-4 " aria-label="The world&#x27;s glaciers are melting faster than we thought"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--vertical PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="The world&#x27;s glaciers are melting faster than we thought, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/glacier-ice-melting-climate-change-sea-level-rise" id="fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_320a4c94-c3f5-407a-a617-5b487b5f3db7" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">The world&#x27;s glaciers are melting faster than we thought</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="PromoTile__LockIcon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__premium-lock-yellow"></use></svg><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>The world&#x27;s glaciers are melting faster than we thought</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">The world&#x27;s glaciers are melting faster than we thought</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter-2 col-md-6 col-lg-4 " aria-label="Scientists discover world’s largest coral"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--vertical PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Scientists discover world’s largest coral, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/world-largest-coral-colony-discovery" id="fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_c5e671e5-509d-4a6b-958d-8c4ae73c05c9" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Scientists discover world’s largest coral</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Scientists discover world’s largest coral</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Scientists discover world’s largest coral</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div></div></div><div id="8569d81b-d3ee-4209-954b-68dc5c3cc276" class="StackModule" windowWidth="1260"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="ad-wrapper"><div data-box-type="fitt-adbox-interstitialAd"><div class="Ad interstitialAd interstitialAd ad-slot Ad--hasLabel" data-slot-type="interstitialAd" data-collapse-before-load="true" data-slot-kvps="pos=interstitialAd" data-label="advertisement"></div></div></div></div><div class="InfiniteFeedModule"><div class="InfiniteFeedModule__feed InfiniteFeedModule__feed--horizontal"><div class="GridPromoTile"><div class="GridPromoTile__Row"><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="Private jets are increasingly replacing car trips"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--hero PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--vertical PromoTile__Type--hero"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Private jets are increasingly replacing car trips, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/private-jet-flights-climate-change" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_dc1404a3-efe3-47f0-ad8a-d87a3ba13537" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Private jets are increasingly replacing car trips</span></a><footer class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Footer"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title PromoTile__Title--hero"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Private jets are increasingly replacing car trips</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Private jets are increasingly replacing car trips</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--hero"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--hero icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="This Arctic boomtown is led by women studying climate change"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="This Arctic boomtown is led by women studying climate change, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/arctic-research-station-women-scientists" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_be008bbf-a013-4d33-a241-24b2db3a7f18" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">This Arctic boomtown is led by women studying climate change</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="PromoTile__LockIcon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__premium-lock-yellow"></use></svg><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>This Arctic boomtown is led by women studying climate change</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">This Arctic boomtown is led by women studying climate change</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="Why natural disasters are linked to paranormal beliefs"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Why natural disasters are linked to paranormal beliefs, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/ghostly-sightings-natural-disasters" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_e964900c-7e43-434f-ac2f-2644ded05146" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Why natural disasters are linked to paranormal beliefs</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Why natural disasters are linked to paranormal beliefs</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Why natural disasters are linked to paranormal beliefs</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="Why dark skies are actually good for your health"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Why dark skies are actually good for your health, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dark-sky-health-benefits" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_b4372bcd-83e7-422e-ae01-b6d5dd26baf0" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Why dark skies are actually good for your health</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="PromoTile__LockIcon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__premium-lock-yellow"></use></svg><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"><span>Science</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Why dark skies are actually good for your health</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Why dark skies are actually good for your health</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="To save monarchs, these scientists want to move mountains"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="To save monarchs, these scientists want to move mountains, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/monarch-butterflies-oyamel-forests-migration" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_5b2aabff-d30f-4428-a02c-642888839900" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">To save monarchs, these scientists want to move mountains</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"><span>Science</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>To save monarchs, these scientists want to move mountains</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">To save monarchs, these scientists want to move mountains</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="Are we approaching the scientific limit to a hurricane&#x27;s power?"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Are we approaching the scientific limit to a hurricane&#x27;s power?, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/hurricanes-climate-change-intensification" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_684cc7c7-900f-4d00-a5cd-c0793bc5bd9b" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Are we approaching the scientific limit to a hurricane&#x27;s power?</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Are we approaching the scientific limit to a hurricane&#x27;s power?</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Are we approaching the scientific limit to a hurricane&#x27;s power?</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="Your biggest AI questions, answered"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Your biggest AI questions, answered, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/ai-effects-questions-concerns" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_170b4152-ebfe-4f8b-9fb9-46cd5c91e0ca" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Your biggest AI questions, answered</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"><span>Science</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Your biggest AI questions, answered</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Your biggest AI questions, answered</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="AI is helping to find the next monster earthquake"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="AI is helping to find the next monster earthquake, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/ai-predict-earthquakes-seismology" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_69fb9057-a9ac-4b00-a684-37ed73fc1520" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">AI is helping to find the next monster earthquake</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"><span>Science</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>AI is helping to find the next monster earthquake</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">AI is helping to find the next monster earthquake</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="How global warming is disrupting life on Earth"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="How global warming is disrupting life on Earth, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/global-warming-effects" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_ccecca2a-3757-48f6-b7e9-506047f362eb" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">How global warming is disrupting life on Earth</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>How global warming is disrupting life on Earth</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">How global warming is disrupting life on Earth</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div><div class="col col-bottom-gutter " aria-label="Many are buying homes in flood zones—and don&#x27;t realize it"><div class="GridPromoTile__Tile"><article class="PromoTile__Type--image PromoTile PromoTile__Theme--light PromoTile__Layout--horizontal PromoTile__Type--image"><a class="AnchorLink PromoTile__Link" tabindex="0" aria-label="Many are buying homes in flood zones—and don&#x27;t realize it, Read" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/flood-maps-fema-risk-insurance" id="09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_8e4d215e-9af0-4772-a033-0ded0a87a2c6" target="_self"><span class="sr-only">Many are buying homes in flood zones—and don&#x27;t realize it</span></a><header class="PromoTile__Header"><div class="BackgroundImage BackgroundImage--zoom PromoTile__Header__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--3x2"></div><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--lowRes" style="background-position:center center;transition:transform .25s ease, opacity .5s ease;background-image:url(&quot;data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=&quot;)"></span><span class="BackgroundImage__Image BackgroundImage__Image--highRes"></span></div></header><footer class="PromoTile__Footer"><div class="PromoTile__Section_and_title"><div class="PromoTile__Section"><ul class="SectionLabelWrapper"><li class="SectionLabel SectionLabel--link"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"><span>Science</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="PromoTile__Title"><div class="PromoTile__Title--truncated"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span>Many are buying homes in flood zones—and don&#x27;t realize it</span></span></div><div class="PromoTile__Title--mobile">Many are buying homes in flood zones—and don&#x27;t realize it</div></div></div><div class="PromoTile__Button PromoTile__Button--image"><button aria-hidden="true" class="Button Button--alt" tabindex="-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="Icon Icon--image icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__article"></use></svg>Read</button></div><span class="PromoTile__Logo"></span></footer></article></div></div></div><div class="GridPromoTile__Button"><a class="AnchorLink Button Button--anchorLink Button--default FillButton FillButton--link FillButton--outlined FillButton--xlarge" tabindex="0" href="/environment?hubmore&amp;page=1&amp;context=eyJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6IlVuaXNvbkh1YiIsInZhcmlhYmxlcyI6eyJsb2NhdG9yIjoiL2Vudmlyb25tZW50IiwicG9ydGZvbGlvIjoibmF0Z2VvIiwicXVlcnlUeXBlIjoiTE9DQVRPUiJ9LCJtb2R1bGVJZCI6bnVsbH0&amp;id=94e4e0b4-65a2-4ead-ab3c-5f8592fc4c30" title="load more"><span class="fillOne"></span><span class="fillTwo"></span><span class="content"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="FillButton--icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__loading"></use></svg><span>load more</span></span></a></div></div></div><div class="InfiniteFeedModule__right-rail"><div class="ArticleStickiness"><div class="ArticleStickiness__Sticky-Section" style="height:250px;top:20px"><div class="ArticleStickiness__Offset-Manager"><div class="ArticleStickiness__Sticky-Element ArticleStickiness__Sticky-Element--fade-in"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div id="71a9f56d-eb69-4139-a224-e08ea8dce806" class="StackModule"></div></div><div class="FrameBackgroundFull FrameBackgroundFull--dark"><div class="FrameBackgroundFull__BackgroundImage" aria-hidden="true"><div class="BackgroundImage"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div></div></div><div class="GeneralContainer"><div id="53ac0497-bd92-45b2-983e-6b1db6963f71" class="StackModule"><div class="Header Header__StackModule Header--dark Header--center"><div><h2 class="RichText Header__Headline Header__Headline--medium">Latest Videos</h2></div></div><div class="VideoPlaylistTile"><div data-meta-id="e8a09816-c1c2-4cef-9d4a-085f28185839"><div class="VideoPlaylist VideoPlaylist--alignCarouselTop VideoPlaylist--dark NatGeoVideoPlaylistWrapper"><div class="VideoPlaylist__VideoPlayer"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="NatGeoVideoPlayer VideoPlayer"><iframe allowfullscreen="" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" title="Scattered by climate change, a family stays close" class="absolute-fill" src="about:blank"></iframe><div class="VideoPlayer--placeholder absolute-fill"><div class="MediaPlaceholder relative MediaPlaceholder--16x9 cursor-pointer" aria-hidden="false" tabindex="0"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent MediaPlaceholder__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper aspect-ratio--child"><img aria-hidden="false" alt="" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/></div></figure><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Overlay absolute-fill flex flex-center-all"><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Button flex flex-center-all"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="MediaPlaceholder__Icon MediaPlaceholder__Icon--video icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__play__filled"></use></svg></div></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaybackWrapper absolute-fill"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption Caption Caption--dark VideoPlaylist__Desc"><p class="Caption__Title" aria-hidden="true"><span class="RichText">Scattered by climate change, a family stays close</span></p><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText">Hundreds of millions of people in the Himalayan region rely on glaciers for their water supply. Global climate change is forcing many to leave their homes in search of new beginnings. In the Mustang District of Nepal, the Gurung family has made the difficult choice to split their family and livelihoods between two locations in order to ensure a sustainable future for their children. See how they are continuing to adapt to this new way of life.</span></span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="VideoPlaylist__Carousel"><section class="Carousel relative Carousel--dark Carousel--videoPlaylist Carousel--hasMeta" aria-labelledby="e8a09816-c1c2-4cef-9d4a-085f28185839"><div class="Carousel__Wrapper relative"><button aria-hidden="false" tabindex="0" type="button" class="CarouselArrow CarouselArrow--dark CarouselArrow--right"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Next" class="CarouselArrow__Icon icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__caret__right"></use></svg></button><div style="display:block;flex-grow:1;width:auto"><div class="Carousel__Outer relative flex overflow-hidden" role="listbox"><ul class="Carousel__Inner flex items-center" style="transition:none;margin-left:-10px;transform:translateX(0px)"><li class="CarouselSlide relative pointer CarouselSlide--active VideoPlaylist__Slide" style="margin:0 0 0 10px" role="option" tabindex="-1" data-carousel-id="0" aria-selected="true"><div class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile VideoPlaylist__Tile--active WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9 WatchTile__Wrapper"><div data-route="" class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile VideoPlaylist__Tile--active WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9" role="button" tabindex="0"></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder relative MediaPlaceholder--16x9 cursor-pointer MediaPlaceholder--button-hover WatchTile__Image WatchTile__Image--16x9" aria-hidden="false"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent MediaPlaceholder__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper aspect-ratio--child"><img aria-hidden="false" alt="Scattered by climate change, a family stays close" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div></figure><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Overlay absolute-fill flex flex-center-all"><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaylistStatus">Now Playing</div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Button flex flex-center-all"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="MediaPlaceholder__Icon MediaPlaceholder__Icon--video icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__controls__play"></use></svg></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Duration: 11:41" class="MediaPlaceholder__Pill items-center absolute flex">11:41</div></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaybackWrapper absolute-fill"></div></div><div class="WatchTile__Content"><div class="WatchTile__TitleMeta flex flex-row items-start justify-between"><div><h2 class="WatchTile__Title"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:block"><span>Scattered by climate change, a family stays close</span></span></h2><div class="WatchTile__Meta"></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="CarouselSlide relative pointer VideoPlaylist__Slide" style="margin:0 0 0 10px" role="option" tabindex="-1" data-carousel-id="1" aria-selected="false"><div class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile VideoPlaylist__Tile--upcoming WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9 WatchTile__Wrapper"><div data-route="" class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile VideoPlaylist__Tile--upcoming WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9" role="button" tabindex="0"></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder relative MediaPlaceholder--16x9 cursor-pointer MediaPlaceholder--button-hover WatchTile__Image WatchTile__Image--16x9" aria-hidden="false"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent MediaPlaceholder__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper aspect-ratio--child"><img aria-hidden="false" alt="What mud from glacial lakes can tell us about our history and future" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div></figure><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Overlay absolute-fill flex flex-center-all"><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaylistStatus">Up Next</div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Button flex flex-center-all"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="MediaPlaceholder__Icon MediaPlaceholder__Icon--video icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__controls__play"></use></svg></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Duration: 8:01" class="MediaPlaceholder__Pill items-center absolute flex">8:01</div></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaybackWrapper absolute-fill"></div></div><div class="WatchTile__Content"><div class="WatchTile__TitleMeta flex flex-row items-start justify-between"><div><h2 class="WatchTile__Title"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:block"><span>What mud from glacial lakes can tell us about our history and future</span></span></h2><div class="WatchTile__Meta"></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="CarouselSlide relative pointer VideoPlaylist__Slide" style="margin:0 0 0 10px" role="option" tabindex="-1" data-carousel-id="2" aria-selected="false"><div class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9 WatchTile__Wrapper"><div data-route="" class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9" role="button" tabindex="0"></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder relative MediaPlaceholder--16x9 cursor-pointer MediaPlaceholder--button-hover WatchTile__Image WatchTile__Image--16x9" aria-hidden="false"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent MediaPlaceholder__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper aspect-ratio--child"><img aria-hidden="false" alt="These peatlands could be critical to fighting climate change" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div></figure><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Overlay absolute-fill flex flex-center-all"><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaylistStatus">Now Playing</div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Button flex flex-center-all"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="MediaPlaceholder__Icon MediaPlaceholder__Icon--video icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__controls__play"></use></svg></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Duration: 2:49" class="MediaPlaceholder__Pill items-center absolute flex">2:49</div></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaybackWrapper absolute-fill"></div></div><div class="WatchTile__Content"><div class="WatchTile__TitleMeta flex flex-row items-start justify-between"><div><h2 class="WatchTile__Title"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:block"><span>These peatlands could be critical to fighting climate change</span></span></h2><div class="WatchTile__Meta"></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="CarouselSlide relative pointer VideoPlaylist__Slide" style="margin:0 0 0 10px" role="option" tabindex="-1" data-carousel-id="3" aria-selected="false"><div class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9 WatchTile__Wrapper"><div data-route="" class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9" role="button" tabindex="0"></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder relative MediaPlaceholder--16x9 cursor-pointer MediaPlaceholder--button-hover WatchTile__Image WatchTile__Image--16x9" aria-hidden="false"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent MediaPlaceholder__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper aspect-ratio--child"><img aria-hidden="false" alt="Amazon fires &#x27;so much worse than before&#x27; say locals" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div></figure><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Overlay absolute-fill flex flex-center-all"><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaylistStatus">Now Playing</div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Button flex flex-center-all"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="MediaPlaceholder__Icon MediaPlaceholder__Icon--video icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__controls__play"></use></svg></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Duration: 1:42" class="MediaPlaceholder__Pill items-center absolute flex">1:42</div></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaybackWrapper absolute-fill"></div></div><div class="WatchTile__Content"><div class="WatchTile__TitleMeta flex flex-row items-start justify-between"><div><h2 class="WatchTile__Title"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:block"><span>Amazon fires &#x27;so much worse than before&#x27; say locals</span></span></h2><div class="WatchTile__Meta"></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="CarouselSlide relative pointer VideoPlaylist__Slide" style="margin:0 0 0 10px" role="option" tabindex="-1" data-carousel-id="4" aria-selected="false"><div class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9 WatchTile__Wrapper"><div data-route="" class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9" role="button" tabindex="0"></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder relative MediaPlaceholder--16x9 cursor-pointer MediaPlaceholder--button-hover WatchTile__Image WatchTile__Image--16x9" aria-hidden="false"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent MediaPlaceholder__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper aspect-ratio--child"><img aria-hidden="false" alt="What a sea snail die-off means for Californians—and the climate" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div></figure><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Overlay absolute-fill flex flex-center-all"><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaylistStatus">Now Playing</div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Button flex flex-center-all"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="MediaPlaceholder__Icon MediaPlaceholder__Icon--video icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__controls__play"></use></svg></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Duration: 10:51" class="MediaPlaceholder__Pill items-center absolute flex">10:51</div></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaybackWrapper absolute-fill"></div></div><div class="WatchTile__Content"><div class="WatchTile__TitleMeta flex flex-row items-start justify-between"><div><h2 class="WatchTile__Title"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:block"><span>What a sea snail die-off means for Californians—and the climate</span></span></h2><div class="WatchTile__Meta"></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="CarouselSlide relative pointer VideoPlaylist__Slide" style="margin:0 0 0 10px" role="option" tabindex="-1" data-carousel-id="5" aria-selected="false"><div class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9 WatchTile__Wrapper"><div data-route="" class="WatchTile VideoPlaylist__Tile undefined WatchTile--md WatchTile--dark WatchTile--16x9" role="button" tabindex="0"></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder relative MediaPlaceholder--16x9 cursor-pointer MediaPlaceholder--button-hover WatchTile__Image WatchTile__Image--16x9" aria-hidden="false"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent MediaPlaceholder__Image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--16x9"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper aspect-ratio--child"><img aria-hidden="false" alt="See the crack splitting an Antarctic ice shelf in two" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div></figure><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Overlay absolute-fill flex flex-center-all"><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaylistStatus">Now Playing</div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__Button flex flex-center-all"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="MediaPlaceholder__Icon MediaPlaceholder__Icon--video icon__svg icon__svg--dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__controls__play"></use></svg></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Duration: 2:02" class="MediaPlaceholder__Pill items-center absolute flex">2:02</div></div><div class="MediaPlaceholder__PlaybackWrapper absolute-fill"></div></div><div class="WatchTile__Content"><div class="WatchTile__TitleMeta flex flex-row items-start justify-between"><div><h2 class="WatchTile__Title"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:block"><span>See the crack splitting an Antarctic ice shelf in two</span></span></h2><div class="WatchTile__Meta"></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div id="natgeo-marketing-inline-email-footer-frame1-module2" class="StackModule"></div></div><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><div class="GlobalFooter"><div class="GlobalFooter__Wrapper"><div class="GlobalFooter__Menu GlobalFooter__Container"><div class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List"><div><h4 class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List--title" aria-label="Legal">Legal</h4><ul role="presentation"><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Terms of Use" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://disneytermsofuse.com/english/">Terms of Use</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Privacy Policy" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://privacy.thewaltdisneycompany.com/en/current-privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Your US State Privacy Rights" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://privacy.thewaltdisneycompany.com/en/current-privacy-policy/your-us-state-privacy-rights/">Your US State Privacy Rights</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Children&#x27;s Online Privacy Policy" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://disneyprivacycenter.com/kids-privacy-policy/english/">Children&#x27;s Online Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Interest-Based Ads" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="http://preferences-mgr.trustarc.com/?pid=disney01&amp;aid=natgeo01&amp;type=natgeo">Interest-Based Ads</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="About Nielsen Measurement" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="http://www.nielsen.com/digitalprivacy">About Nielsen Measurement</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link ot-sdk-show-settings" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://privacy.thewaltdisneycompany.com/en/dnssmpi/">Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List"><div><h4 class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List--title" aria-label="Our Sites">Our Sites</h4><ul role="presentation"><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Nat Geo Home" href="/">Nat Geo Home</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Attend a Live Event" target="_self" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/events/">Attend a Live Event</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Book a Trip" target="_self" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/expeditions/?cmpid=int_org=ngp::int_mc=website::int_src=ngp::int_cmp=exp_hp::int_add=ngpexp201904-book-footer">Book a Trip</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Buy Maps" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://www.natgeomaps.com">Buy Maps</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Inspire Your Kids" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://kids.nationalgeographic.com">Inspire Your Kids</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Shop Nat Geo" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://www.shopdisney.com/franchises/national-geographic/">Shop Nat Geo</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Visit the D.C. Museum" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/tickets/events/">Visit the D.C. Museum</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Watch TV" target="_self" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv/">Watch TV</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Learn About Our Impact" href="/impact">Learn About Our Impact</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Support Our Mission" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/give/">Support Our Mission</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Masthead" target="_self" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/masthead">Masthead</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Press Room" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://nationalgeographicpartners.com/press/">Press Room</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Advertise With Us" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://www.disneyadsales.com/our-brands/national-geographic/">Advertise With Us</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List"><div><h4 class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List--title" aria-label="Join Us">Join Us</h4><ul role="presentation"><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Subscribe" href="/subscribe">Subscribe</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Customer Service" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://help.nationalgeographic.com/">Customer Service</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Renew Subscription" href="/renew">Renew Subscription</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Manage Your Subscription" target="_self" rel="noopener" href="https://ngmservice.com">Manage Your Subscription</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Work at Nat Geo" target="_self" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/topic/careers">Work at Nat Geo</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Sign Up for Our Newsletters" target="_blank" href="/newsletters/signup?gblftr">Sign Up for Our Newsletters</a></li><li class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item"><a class="AnchorLink GlobalFooter__Menu__List__Item--link" tabindex="0" data-track-event_name="Contribute to Protect the Planet" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://give.nationalgeographic.org/page/53299/donate/1?user_id=wb8em7wclp2gec8f8rj9f6lp88q9dftd">Contribute to Protect the Planet</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=" GlobalFooter__Menu__ConstantContainer"><div class="GlobalFooter__Menu__ConstantContainer--share"><h4 class="GlobalFooter__Menu__List--title" aria-label="Follow us">Follow us</h4><section class="Share flex flex-no-wrap"><button aria-label="National Geographic Instagram" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--instagram__v2" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__social__instagram__v2"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">National Geographic Instagram</span></button><button aria-label="National Geographic Facebook" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--facebook__v2" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__social__facebook__v2"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">National Geographic Facebook</span></button><button aria-label="National Geographic Twitter" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--x__v2" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__social__x__v2"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">National Geographic Twitter</span></button><button aria-label="National Geographic Youtube" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--youtube" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__social__youtube"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">National Geographic Youtube</span></button><button aria-label="National Geographic Linkedin" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--linkedin__v2" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__social__linkedin__v2"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">National Geographic Linkedin</span></button><button aria-label="National Geographic Tiktok" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--tiktok" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__social__tiktok"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">National Geographic Tiktok</span></button><button aria-label="National Geographic Reddit" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--reddit" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__social__reddit"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">National Geographic Reddit</span></button></section></div><div class="CountryModal"><div data-track-event_name="United States (Change)" class="fitt-tracker"><button aria-label="United States - Current Market" aria-expanded="false" class="Button--unstyled CountryModal__Button" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="CountryModal__Button--flag icon__svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#icon__flag__united-states"></use></svg><span>United States (Change)</span></button></div></div></div></div><hr class="GlobalFooter--hr"/></div></div></div><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><div class="GlobalFooter__CopyrightWrapper"><div class="GlobalFooter__Container GlobalFooter__Copyright"><div class="GlobalFooter__Copyright__Item GlobalFooter__Copyright__Item--logoContainer"><div data-track-event_name="National Geographic Logo" class="fitt-tracker"><a class="AnchorLink" tabindex="0" title="National Geographic Logo" href="/"><img alt="National Geographic Logo - Home" class="Image Logo GlobalFooter__Copyright__Logo Logo__lg" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></a></div></div><div class="GlobalFooter__Copyright__Item GlobalFooter__Copyright__Item--textContainer"><p class="GlobalFooter__Copyright__Item--text"><span class="GlobalFooter__Copyright__Item--line">Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society</span><span class="GlobalFooter__Copyright__Item--line">Copyright © 2015-2024 National Geographic Partners, LLC. All rights reserved</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <script>window['__CONFIG__']={"uid":"natgeo","strictMode":false,"mode":"universal","logLevel":"info","logOutput":"json","tms":{"enabled":true,"env":"dev","tag":"https://nexus.ensighten.com/TWDC-DTCI/dev/Bootstrap.js","tagNS":"Boostrapper","emitEvent":"tms:ready","loadScript":false,"loadAsync":true},"allowMocks":true,"globalVar":"__natgeo__","cdnPath":"//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client","buildHash":false,"http":{"timeout":{"client":10000}},"apiEnv":"production","envName":"prod","mockDataPort":1981,"host":"localhost","basename":"","collateXhr":{}};window['__natgeo__']={"app":{"uid":"natgeo","mode":"universal","apiEnv":"production","envName":"prod","cdnPath":"//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client","collateXhr":{},"allowMocks":true,"mockDataPort":1981,"excludePageCSS":false,"assets":{"chunks":["//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/runtime-8349f61a.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/8202-236416f1.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/9479-e4570a09.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/7708-37c5b074.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/2919-5601fd2a.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/3460-bb7648a2.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/19-1bab2616.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/4257-3ac25efc.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/9111-ead00aa2.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/1308-79ce6604.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/8812-28a3ed57.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/3021-2f0be111.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/8330-6af310aa.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/5427-0bf927ab.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/4162-192c0a75.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/9381-56e8d894.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/4343-b87c7e66.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/1089-92cc6432.js"],"entries":["//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/natgeo-b6cb5abe.js","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/hub-a4f3e2a4.js"],"css":["//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/fusion-59015cb9.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/8202-e4f72c35.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/natgeo-762fa9a3.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/3460-2b75f11c.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/8833-005d2bce.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/5427-d6305e79.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/4162-313cf2d3.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/9381-70992203.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/7023-52a0e8dc.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/2757-de86c08c.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/2751-c9618b3e.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/6227-32fe965d.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/5513-932f66f4.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/1089-75547af4.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/926-4d92eccf.css","//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/css/hub-ca1bbd08.css"]},"device":"desktop","modifier":"","edition":{"key":"natgeo-en-us","config":{"dateTime":{"long":"dddd MMMM D, yyyy","medium":"MMMM D, yyyy","short":"M/D","timeFormat":"h:mm","firstDayOfWeek":"Sunday","timeZone":"US/Eastern","timeZoneBucket":"America/New_York","defaultFormat":"MMM D, yyyy","timeZoneString":"ET","ddd, M/D":"ddd, M/D","MMM D":"MMM D","age":{"seconds":"s","minutes":"m","hours":"h","days":"d"}},"numberFormat":{"long":"#,###","short":"###","currency":"#,###.00","percent":"#.00%"},"temperature":{"scale":"fahrenheit","symbol":"&deg; F"},"analytics":{},"ads":{},"meta":{"titleBranding":"natgeo.meta.title.branding","description":"natgeo.meta.description","schema":{"name":""},"defaultMetaImage":"","social":{"twitter":{"twitterId":"@NatGeo","card":"summary","site":"@NatGeo","language":"en"},"facebook":{"og_site_name":"National Geographic","og_type":"website","locale":"en_US"}}},"appDetails":{"ios":{"id":"","name":"","deepLinkUrl":"","deepLinkUrlScheme":""},"android":{"id":"","name":"","deepLinkUrl":"","deepLinkUrlScheme":""}},"videoAutoStart":{"index":false},"activeSite":true,"countries":[{"name":"United States","country-code":"us"}],"oneId":{"clientId":"DTCI-NATGEO.CONSUMER.WEB","responderPage":"/responder_v4","responderPageStg":"/stg/responder_v4","loginReload":"off","optionalConfigs":{"reporting":{"context":"NATGEOCONSUMERWEB","source":"NATGEO_CONSUMER_WEB"}}},"editionSettings":{"key":"natgeo-en-us","site":"natgeo","language":"en","country":"us","domain":"www.nationalgeographic.com","editionSiteId":"1","https":false,"showPremVideoAds":true,"pccApiKey":"11mxera6h5cl7174b5nrs17ytr"},"javaLocale":{"language":"en","region":"US"}},"translations":{"alertBanner.closeButtonAriaLabel":"Close ${position} alert banner","ambientVideo.aria.labelWithTitle":"Silent Video for ${title}","ambientVideo.aria.label":"Silent Video ${counter}","article.facebookShare.ariaLabel":"Share on Facebook","article.facebookShare.label":"Share","article.meterText":"You have <span>${count} free articles</span> left this month.","article.meterText.fallback":"You're almost out of free articles this month","article.lastFreeArticleText":"This is your last free article this month.","article.minuteRead":"${minRead} min read","Audio":"Audio","audio.and":"and","audio.aria.label":"Audio Player","audio.elapsedOutOf":"elapsed out of","audio.hour":"hour","audio.hours":"hours","audio.min":"minute","audio.mins":"minutes","audio.muted":"Audio muted. Unmute","audio.pausingContent":"Pausing content. ${elapsedTime}. Play","audio.play":"Play","audio.playingContent":"Playing content. Pause","audio.position":"Audio position","audio.sec":"second","audio.secs":"seconds","audio.skipBackwards":"Skip Backward ${skipTime} Seconds","audio.skipForwards":"Skip Forwards ${skipTime} Seconds","audio.sliderDetails":"Use the left or right arrow keys to decrease or increase the slider value.","audio.unmuted":"Audio Unmuted. Mute","Average Life Span In The Wild":"Average Life Span In The Wild","axolotl image":"Axolotl image","Clear search bar":"Clear search bar","Click to Search Button":"Click to Search Button","Close Description Modal":"Close Description Modal","Common Name":"Common Name","common.search":"Search","common.changeText":"Change","Current population trend":"Current population trend","Diet":"Diet","Extinct":"Extinct","fastfacts.logo.altText":"${logoName} Logo","Gallery":"Gallery","Headlines":"Headlines","Image":"Image","Learn more about IUCN Threatened Species Designations":"Learn more about IUCN Threatened Species Designations","Least Concern":"Least Concern","login":"Login","media.playIcon.ariaLabel":"play","menumodal.close":"Close Menu","natgeo.article.datePublishedLabel":"Published","natgeo.contentGating.slider.downarrow.aria":"Collapse","natgeo.contentGating.slider.uparrow.aria":"Expand","natgeo.ctaText.explore":"Explore","natgeo.ctaText.learnMore":"Learn More","natgeo.ctaText.play":"Play","natgeo.ctaText.read":"Read","natgeo.ctaText.seeGuide":"See Guide","natgeo.ctaText.seeMore":"See More","natgeo.ctaText.seePhotos":"See Photos","natgeo.ctaText.watch":"Watch","natgeo.error.heading":"Something went wrong","natgeo.error.text":"Please try again or <a href=\"/\">return home</a>.","natgeo.facebookShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Facebook","natgeo.fastfacts.averageLifeSpan":"Average Life Span","natgeo.fastfacts.common":"Common Name","natgeo.fastfacts.currentPopulation.decreasing":"Decreasing","natgeo.fastfacts.currentPopulation.increasing":"Increasing","natgeo.fastfacts.currentPopulation.stable":"Stable","natgeo.fastfacts.diet":"Diet","natgeo.fastfacts.groupName":"Group Name","natgeo.fastfacts.details":"Details","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.captivity.avg.desc":"${low} to ${high} years","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.captivity.high.desc":"Up to ${high} years","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.captivity.median.desc":"${median} years","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.captivity.title":"Average Life Span In Captivity","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.wild.avg.desc":"${low} to ${high} years","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.wild.high.desc":"Up to ${high} years","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.wild.median.desc":"${median} years","natgeo.fastfacts.lifespan.wild.title":"Average Life Span In The Wild","natgeo.fastfacts.scientific":"Scientific Name","natgeo.fastfacts.size":"Size","natgeo.fastfacts.type":"Type","natgeo.fastfacts.weight":"Weight","natgeo.home.title":"home (en)","natgeo.instagramShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Instagram","natgeo.leadslide.homelink.alt":"National Geographic logo - Home","natgeo.leadslide.homelink.target":"National Geographic logo - Home","natgeo.leadslide.downarrow.aria":"Scroll to next slide","natgeo.linkedinShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Linkedin","natgeo.logo.alt":"National Geographic Logo","natgeo.logo.alt.kids":"National Geographic Kids Logo","natgeo.logo.title.kids":"National Geographic Kids","natgeo.mediaspotlight.description":"Media Spotlight pagetype description.","natgeo.mediaspotlight.title":"Nat Geo Photo of the Day","natgeo.meta.description.kids":"National Geographic Kids","natgeo.meta.description":"Explore National Geographic. A world leader in geography, cartography and exploration.","natgeo.meta.title.branding.kids":"National Geographic Kids","natgeo.meta.title.branding":"National Geographic","natgeo.redditShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Reddit","natgeo.search.aria.nav":"Search Pages","natgeo.search.aria.next":"Next Page","natgeo.search.aria.pageLink":"Page ${page}","natgeo.search.aria.previous":"Previous Page","natgeo.search.enter":"Enter","natgeo.search.next":"Next","natgeo.search.noResults.found.kids":"Sorry, we couldn't find any results for that search. Try one of these pages!","natgeo.search.noResults.found":"No results found.","natgeo.search.popularSearches":"Popular Searches","natgeo.search.previous":"Previous","natgeo.search.suggested.didYouMean":"Did you mean","natgeo.search.suggested.searchInstead":"Search instead for","natgeo.search.suggested.showingFor":"Showing results for","natgeo.signin.copy":"Sign in with your email","natgeo.signin.title":"Sign In to National Geographic","natgeo.snapchatShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Snapchat","natgeo.sponsorBanner.ariaLabel":"Sponsor Banner","natgeo.sponsorNote.ariaLabel":"Sponsor Note","natgeo.tiktokShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Tiktok","natgeo.twitterShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Twitter","natgeo.video.nowPlaying":"Now Playing","natgeo.video.readMore":"Read More","natgeo.video.upNext":"Up Next","natgeo.youtubeShare.ariaLabel":"National Geographic Youtube","or":"or","paywall.already.subscriber":"Already a Subscriber?","paywall.link.subscription":"subscription is linked","paywall.family.link.subscription":"Link your subscription","paywall.family.subscribers":"Already a Nat Geo Premium Subscriber?","paywall.magazine.subscribers":"Already signed in? Check that your","paywall.meter.collapse":"Collapse subscribe message","paywall.meter.expand":"Expand subscribe message","paywall.signin":"Sign In","promoTile.videoStory":"Video Story","Error: Please enter a valid e-mail address.":"Error: Please enter a valid e-mail address.","Please select at least one newsletter and click Sign Up.":"Please select at least one newsletter and click Sign Up.","Read Description":"Read Description","Scientific Name":"Scientific Name","Sign Up":"Sign Up","Size":"Size","Sponsor Content":"Sponsor Content","Table":"Table","trips":"trips","Type":"Type","UCN red list status":"UCN red list status","Video":"Video","video.title":"Video Player","Weight":"Weight","Close Fast Facts Modal":"Close Fast Facts Modal","Close Search Modal":"Close Search Modal","Close User Modal":"Close User Modal","Close":"Close"}},"flags":{"ftr":true,"hdr":true,"prxy":false,"mktg":true},"tms":{"enabled":true,"env":"dev","tag":"https://dcf.espn.com/TWDC-DTCI/prod/Bootstrap.js","tagNS":"Boostrapper","emitEvent":"tms:ready","loadScript":false,"loadAsync":true,"frameTag":"https://dcf.espn.com/TWDC-DTCI/embed_privacy_prod/Bootstrap.js"},"oneIdEnv":"prod","userAB":"0","featureGating":{"ensighten":{"enabled":true,"ns":"Boostrapper","scriptTag":"https://dcf.espn.com/TWDC-DTCI/prod/Bootstrap.js","frameTag":"https://dcf.espn.com/TWDC-DTCI/embed_privacy_prod/Bootstrap.js"},"adConfig":{"enabled":true,"insertedAdLimit":null,"insertedAdSpacing":900,"pzn":{"mode":"ltd","extra":true},"refreshInterval":30},"contentExclusions":{"disable":false},"sponsoredContent":{"enabled":true},"uvpUpgrade":{"enabled":false},"intrctvSlctrs":{"fullPage":{"key":"fullPage","value":"div:not(#natgeo)"},"markup":[{"key":"class=\"leaflet-container ","value":"div#map"}],"spredfast":{"key":"spredfast","value":"iframe"}},"intrctvAllowedSrcs":{"facebook":{"src":["//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js","//facebook.com/plugins/","//facebook.com/video/embed?video_id=","//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//www.facebook.com/plugins/","//www.facebook.com/video/embed?video_id="]},"fullPage":{"src":["//interactives.natgeofe.com/"]},"game":{"src":["//images.nationalgeographic.com/","//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//nationalgeographic.com/","//www.nationalgeographic.com/","//cdn1.edgedatg.com/"]},"iHeartRadio":{"src":["//iheart.com/podcast/","//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//www.iheart.com/podcast/"]},"instagram":{"src":["//instagram.com/p/","//instagram.com/embed.js","//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//platform.instagram.com/en_US/embeds.js","//www.instagram.com/embed.js"]},"markup":{"href":["//api.tiles.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/","//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=","//fonts.ngeo.com/","//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//nationalgeographic.com/","//ngm.nationalgeographic.com/","//s3.amazonaws.com/ng-plastic-prod","//www.nationalgeographic.com/"],"src":["//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/","//api.tiles.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/","//assets.documentcloud.org/viewer/loader.js","//d3js.org/d3","//fonts.ngeo.com/","//images.nationalgeographic.com/","//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//nationalgeographic.com/","//news.nationalgeographic.com/","//ngm.nationalgeographic.com/","//platform.vine.co/static/scripts/embed.js","//s3.amazonaws.com/ng-plastic-prod","//www.nationalgeographic.com/"]},"soundCloud":{"src":["//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//soundcloud.com/","//w.soundcloud.com/"]},"source":{"src":["//interactives.natgeofe.com/"]},"spredfast":{"href":["//interactives.natgeofe.com/"],"src":["//interactives.natgeofe.com/"]},"twitter":{"src":["//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//platform.twitter.com/","//twitter.com/","//www.twitter.com/"]},"vimeo":{"src":["//interactives.natgeofe.com/","//player.vimeo.com/","//vimeo.com/moogaloop.swf?clip_id=","//www.vimeo.com/moogaloop.swf?clip_id="]}}},"debug":{"on":false},"baseURL":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com","webpack":{}},"ads":{},"analytics":{},"routing":{"location":{"pathname":"/environment","port":"","hash":"","path":"/environment","host":"","protocol":"","params":"","query":{}},"params":{"section":"environment","pageType":"hub"}},"page":{"key":"","title":"","type":"hub","meta":{"canonical":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment","description":"Read National Geographic's latest stories about the environment.","hrefLangs":[{"lcl":"en-us","url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}],"ogMetadata":{"type":"website","sclDsc":"Read National Geographic's latest stories about the environment.","sclTtl":"The Planet","sclImg":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_16x9.jpg?w=1200","sclImgHgt":674.9439042632761,"sclImgWdth":1200,"sctn":{},"twtHndl":"@NatGeo"},"title":"The Planet","section":"environment","subSection":"","section3":"","section4":"","pageName":"natgeo:environment:hub","id":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:29044477-031c-45c0-86cb-f8b342b6be26"},"content":{"footer":{"frms":[{"id":"natgeo-marketing-inline-email-footer-frame1","mods":[{"id":"natgeo-marketing-inline-email-footer-frame1-module2","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"left","edgs":[{"id":"natgeo-marketing-inline-email-footer-frame1-module2-tile1","cmsType":"EmailInlineTile","title":"The best of National Geographic delivered to your inbox","backgroundImage":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2e2421a3-f3cb-485f-b482-753cce8baaa0/MossForest.adapt.885.1.jpg","errorMessage":"Please enter a valid e-mail address.","mrktngMeta":{"cpgnCd":"20210217_global_inline_email_signup_footer"},"placeholder":"Enter your email","subtitle":"Sign up for more inspiring photos, stories, and special offers from National Geographic.","success":{"description":"<p>Watch your inbox over the next few days for photos, stories, and special offers from us.<p>","header":"Thanks for signing up!"},"submitButton":"Sign Up","closeableGeos":{}}]}],"placement":"footer","chldOptns":{"bannerPlacement":"footer"}},{"placement":"footer","logoObj":{"key":"logoObj","alt":"National Geographic Logo - Home","href":"/","title":null,"logo":{"image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":3.4364261168384878,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}},"mobileLogo":{"image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":3.4364261168384878,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}}},"id":"natgeo-footer","cmsType":"FooterFrame","mods":[{"mnu":[{"title":"Legal","links":[{"url":"https://disneytermsofuse.com/english/","isExternal":null,"title":"Terms of Use"},{"url":"https://privacy.thewaltdisneycompany.com/en/current-privacy-policy/","isExternal":null,"title":"Privacy Policy"},{"url":"https://privacy.thewaltdisneycompany.com/en/current-privacy-policy/your-us-state-privacy-rights/","isExternal":null,"title":"Your US State Privacy Rights"},{"url":"https://disneyprivacycenter.com/kids-privacy-policy/english/","isExternal":null,"title":"Children's Online Privacy Policy"},{"url":"http://preferences-mgr.trustarc.com/?pid=disney01&aid=natgeo01&type=natgeo","isExternal":null,"title":"Interest-Based Ads"},{"url":"http://www.nielsen.com/digitalprivacy","isExternal":null,"title":"About Nielsen Measurement"},{"url":"https://privacy.thewaltdisneycompany.com/en/dnssmpi/","isExternal":null,"title":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","style":"ot-sdk-show-settings"}]},{"title":"Our Sites","links":[{"url":"/","isExternal":null,"title":"Nat Geo Home"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/events/","isExternal":null,"title":"Attend a Live Event"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/expeditions/?cmpid=int_org=ngp::int_mc=website::int_src=ngp::int_cmp=exp_hp::int_add=ngpexp201904-book-footer","isExternal":null,"title":"Book a Trip"},{"url":"https://www.natgeomaps.com","isExternal":null,"title":"Buy Maps"},{"url":"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com","isExternal":null,"title":"Inspire Your Kids"},{"url":"https://www.shopdisney.com/franchises/national-geographic/","isExternal":null,"title":"Shop Nat Geo"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/tickets/events/","isExternal":null,"title":"Visit the D.C. Museum"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv/","isExternal":null,"title":"Watch TV"},{"url":"/impact","isExternal":null,"title":"Learn About Our Impact"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/give/","isExternal":null,"title":"Support Our Mission"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/masthead","isExternal":null,"title":"Masthead"},{"url":"https://nationalgeographicpartners.com/press/","isExternal":null,"title":"Press Room"},{"url":"https://www.disneyadsales.com/our-brands/national-geographic/","isExternal":null,"title":"Advertise With Us"}]},{"title":"Join Us","links":[{"url":"/subscribe","isExternal":false,"title":"Subscribe"},{"url":"https://help.nationalgeographic.com/","isExternal":false,"title":"Customer Service"},{"url":"/renew","isExternal":false,"title":"Renew Subscription"},{"url":"https://ngmservice.com","isExternal":false,"title":"Manage Your Subscription"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/topic/careers","isExternal":false,"title":"Work at Nat Geo"},{"url":"/newsletters/signup?gblftr","isExternal":true,"title":"Sign Up for Our Newsletters","target":"_blank"},{"url":"https://give.nationalgeographic.org/page/53299/donate/1?user_id=wb8em7wclp2gec8f8rj9f6lp88q9dftd","isExternal":true,"title":"Contribute to Protect the Planet","target":"_blank"}]}]},{"edtnSltr":{"rgns":[{"title":"Europe","countries":[{"title":"Bulgaria","flag":{"icon":"flag__bulgaria","alt":"bu"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/bg","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.bg/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Croatia","flag":{"icon":"flag__croatia","alt":"cr"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/hr","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.adriamedia.hr/izdanja/national-geographic-hrvatska","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Czech Republic","flag":{"icon":"flag__czech-republic","alt":"cz"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/cz","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://www.national-geographic.cz","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Denmark","flag":{"icon":"flag__denmark","alt":"de"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/dk","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Estonia","flag":{"icon":"flag__estonia","alt":"es"},"links":[{"url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.ee","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Finland","flag":{"icon":"flag__finland","alt":"fi"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/fi","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"France","flag":{"icon":"flag__france","alt":"fr"},"links":"https://www.nationalgeographic.fr"},{"title":"Georgia","flag":{"icon":"flag__georgia","alt":"ge"},"links":[{"url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.ge","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Germany","flag":{"icon":"flag__germany","alt":"ge"},"links":"https://www.nationalgeographic.de"},{"title":"Greece","flag":{"icon":"flag__greece","alt":"gr"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/gr","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Hungary","flag":{"icon":"flag__hungary","alt":"hu"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/hu","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.ng.hu","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Israel","flag":{"icon":"flag__israel","alt":"is"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/il","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Italy","flag":{"icon":"flag__italy","alt":"it"},"links":"http://www.nationalgeographic.it"},{"title":"Kazakhstan","flag":{"icon":"flag__kazakhstan","alt":"ka"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.kz","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Lithuania","flag":{"icon":"flag__lithuania","alt":"li"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.lt","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Netherlands","flag":{"icon":"flag__netherlands","alt":"ne"},"links":"https://www.nationalgeographic.nl"},{"title":"Norway","flag":{"icon":"flag__norway","alt":"no"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/no","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Poland","flag":{"icon":"flag__poland","alt":"po"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/pl","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.national-geographic.pl","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Portugal","flag":{"icon":"flag__portugal","alt":"po"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/pt","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://nationalgeographic.sapo.pt","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Romania","flag":{"icon":"flag__romania","alt":"ro"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/ro","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://www.natgeo.ro/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Russia","flag":{"icon":"flag__russia","alt":"ru"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/ru","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.nat-geo.ru/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Serbia","flag":{"icon":"flag__serbia","alt":"se"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/rs","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.rs/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Slovenia","flag":{"icon":"flag__slovenia","alt":"sl"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/si","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.si/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Spain","flag":{"icon":"flag__spain","alt":"sp"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.es/","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Sweden","flag":{"icon":"flag__sweden","alt":"sw"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/se","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Turkey","flag":{"icon":"flag__turkey","alt":"tu"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/tr","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.com.tr/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"United Kingdom","flag":{"icon":"flag__united-kingdom","alt":"uk"},"links":"https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/"}]},{"title":"The Americas","countries":[{"title":"Brazil","flag":{"icon":"flag__brazil","alt":"br"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographicbrasil.com/","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Canada","flag":{"icon":"flag__canada","alt":"ca"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/ca","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Mexico","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"mx"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.ngenespanol.com/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Pan-Regional Latin America (Spanish)","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"pa"},"links":"https://www.nationalgeographicla.com/"},{"title":"United States","flag":{"icon":"flag__united-states","alt":"us"},"links":"/"}]},{"title":"Asia, Australia & Oceania","countries":[{"title":"Australia","flag":{"icon":"flag__australia","alt":"au"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Mainland China","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"ch"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeo.com.cn/","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.ngchina.com.cn/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Hong Kong","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"ho"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/hk","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"India","flag":{"icon":"flag__india","alt":"in"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/in","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://www.amarchitrakatha.com/in/magazines/national-geographic/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Indonesia","flag":{"icon":"flag__indonesia","alt":"in"},"links":[{"url":"https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Japan","flag":{"icon":"flag__japan","alt":"ja"},"links":[{"url":"http://www.ngcjapan.com/tv/","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.jp","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Korea","flag":{"icon":"flag__south-korea","alt":"ko"},"links":[{"url":"http://www.ngckorea.com","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.co.kr/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Pan-Regional Asia (English)","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"pa"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/asia","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Taiwan","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"ta"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.fng.tw/ngc/","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"https://www.natgeomedia.com/","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Thailand","flag":{"icon":"flag__thailand","alt":"th"},"links":[{"url":"http://www.ngthai.com","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]}]},{"title":"Middle East & Africa","countries":[{"title":"Farsi","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"fa"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/farsi","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Persian","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"pe"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/persian","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"South Africa","flag":{"icon":"flag__south-africa","alt":"so"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/za","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Middle East (English)","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"mi"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/ae","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"}]},{"title":"Middle East (Arabic)","flag":{"icon":null,"alt":"mi"},"links":[{"url":"https://www.natgeotv.com/me","isExternal":false,"title":"Channel","target":"_self"},{"url":"http://www.ngalarabiya.com","isExternal":false,"title":"Magazine","target":"_self"}]}]}],"crnt":{"title":"United States","flag":{"icon":"flag__united-states","alt":"us"},"links":"/"},"key":"edtnSltr"},"shrURLs":{"key":"shrURLs","fb":"https://www.facebook.com/natgeo","fbLabel":"natgeo.facebookShare.ariaLabel","fbIcon":"facebook__v2","fbButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_method":"facebook","content_title":""},"twitter":"https://twitter.com/natgeo/","twitterLabel":"natgeo.twitterShare.ariaLabel","twitterIcon":"x__v2","twitterButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_method":"twitter","content_title":""},"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/natgeo/","instagramLabel":"natgeo.instagramShare.ariaLabel","instagramIcon":"instagram__v2","instagramButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_method":"instagram","content_title":""},"tiktok":"https://www.tiktok.com/@natgeo?lang=en","tiktokLabel":"natgeo.tiktokShare.ariaLabel","tiktokButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_method":"tiktok"},"youtube":"https://www.youtube.com/@NatGeo","youtubeLabel":"natgeo.youtubeShare.ariaLabel","youtubeButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_method":"youtube"},"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-geographic","linkedinLabel":"natgeo.linkedinShare.ariaLabel","linkedinIcon":"linkedin__v2","linkedinButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_method":"linkedin"},"reddit":"https://www.reddit.com/r/nationalgeographic/s/7yv1etDW6q","redditLabel":"natgeo.redditShare.ariaLabel","redditButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_method":"reddit"}}}]},{"placement":"footer","id":"frame10","mods":[{"logoObj":{"key":"logoObj","alt":"National Geographic Logo - Home","href":"/","title":null,"logo":{"image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":3.4364261168384878,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}},"mobileLogo":{"image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":3.4364261168384878,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4da26b5c-18ee-413f-96dd-4cf3fb4a68a0/2fl-white.png"}}},"cprt":{"key":"cprt","txt":["Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society","Copyright © 2015-2024 National Geographic Partners, LLC. All rights reserved"]}}],"cmsType":"CopyrightFrame"}]},"header":{"frms":[{"id":"natgeo-global-header-frame1","placement":"header","chldOptns":{"bannerPlacement":"header"}},{"placement":"header","id":"natgeo-nav","mods":[{"logoObj":{"key":"logoObj","alt":"National Geographic Logo - Home","href":"/","title":"National Geographic","logo":{"image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":3.404255319148936,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e76f5368-6797-4794-b7f6-8d757c79ea5c/ng-logo-2fl.png"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e76f5368-6797-4794-b7f6-8d757c79ea5c/ng-logo-2fl.png","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e76f5368-6797-4794-b7f6-8d757c79ea5c/ng-logo-2fl.png"}},"mobileLogo":{"image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":0.7,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1852daf6-1c8d-4428-8ee2-d9a82bd0401c/ng-border.png"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1852daf6-1c8d-4428-8ee2-d9a82bd0401c/ng-border.png","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1852daf6-1c8d-4428-8ee2-d9a82bd0401c/ng-border.png"}}},"usr":{"key":"usr","links":[{"url":"#oneid-profile","title":"Account Settings"},{"url":"https://w1.buysub.com/servlet/ECareGateway?cds_mag_code=NGM&cds_page_id=226717&cds_misc_1=NGM","title":"Manage Your Subscription"},{"url":"/subscribe/link-subscription","title":"Link Your Subscription"},{"url":"https://help.nationalgeographic.com/s/","title":"Help","target":"_blank"},{"url":"#oneid-logout","title":"Log Out"}],"lnk":{"url":"#oneid-login"}},"srch":{"title":null,"icon":null,"href":"/search","key":"srch","shw":true},"rnw":{"key":"rnw","shw":true,"title":"Newsletters","url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/newsletters/signup"},"sbcrb":{"key":"sbcrb","shw":true,"title":"Subscribe","url":"/subscribe"},"mnu":{"undefined":{"title":"","links":[{"url":"/subscribe","title":"Subscribe"},{"url":"/renew","title":"Renew"}]},"prmMnu":{"key":"prmMnu","title":"Topics","links":[{"url":"/animals","title":"Animals"},{"url":"/environment","title":"Environment"},{"url":"/history","title":"History & Culture"},{"url":"/science","title":"Science"},{"url":"/travel","title":"Travel"}]},"secMnu":{"key":"secMnu","title":"Sites","links":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv/","title":"Watch TV!"},{"url":"/magazine","title":"Read The Magazine"},{"url":"/family","title":"Visit Nat Geo Family"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/expeditions/","title":"Book A Trip"},{"url":"https://kids.nationalgeographic.com","title":"Inspire your Kids"},{"url":"/podcasts/overheard","title":"Listen to Podcasts"},{"url":"https://www.shopdisney.com/franchises/national-geographic/","title":"Shop Nat Geo"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/events/","title":"Attend a Live Event"},{"url":"/impact/","title":"Learn About Our Impact"},{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/give/","title":"Support Our Mission"}]},"key":"mnu"},"cmsType":"NavModule"}],"cmsType":"NavFrame"},{"id":"e17aa8d2-d11b-4156-88f1-93b2a532cac9","className":"stickyFrame stickyFrame--bottom","placement":"header","chldOptns":{"bannerPlacement":"footer"}}]},"hub":{"frms":[{"bgImage":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":2.6595744680851063,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765.jpg"},"focalPoint":{"x":"center","y":"center"},"mods":[{"id":"1cf8666d-595e-4823-a4c0-7d6c9b6becaa","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"left","edgs":[{"cmsType":"BannerHeadingTile","id":"ef928d23-a6f9-44e6-ab33-8820c74878c0","title":"Environment"}]}],"orientation":"horizontal","theme":"dark","tint":"medium","cmsType":"EnhancedFrame","mdiaKy":"video","video":{"pId":"035a2d33-70ee-4fe8-beac-6e60030a7e5a","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000.jpg"},"cId":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:869cba05-a4ad-4081-80a5-b30d558e6a77","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/72b479ff-a590-4d18-b08f-1f77fe05312a/00000164-46b1-dc83-aff7-feffb5cf0000.jpg","cmsType":"ambientVideo"}},{"mods":[{"id":"a2630b27-d6d9-404e-8fa0-7b3cff0b9a18","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"left","edgs":[{"id":"fde6b193-0ac5-4583-8911-a8d13c721b3d","cmsType":"AdTile","pos":"pixel"}]}]},{"cmsType":"FilterFrame","filters":[{"label":"All Stories","moduleIds":["b21f6767-43f8-4657-9f7c-2bcd2a8fc57c","8569d81b-d3ee-4209-954b-68dc5c3cc276","94e4e0b4-65a2-4ead-ab3c-5f8592fc4c30"]},{"label":"Series","moduleIds":["9f058229-8ab5-4217-bc18-0b50fa96b9df"]}],"mods":[{"tiles":[{"id":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286","cmsType":"RegularImmersivePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_8842585b-3d3f-4535-9246-b0fb631ad371","description":"In 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean released energy equivalent to 23,000 Hiroshima type atomic bombs. 20 years later, we examine the disaster and its toll.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/tsunami-indian-ocean","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.332436069986541,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dee3ceac-7d59-4d7e-a400-bd0aae7d2378/388.jpg","dsc":"An aerial view of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, shows a debris-littered landscape after a tsunami swept the coastline on December 26, 2004. The devastating tsunami, triggered by the underwater Sumatra-Andaman earthquake in Indonesia, hit coastal areas throughout the Indian Ocean.","ttl":"Tsunami Relief, Sri Lanka"},"abstract":"In 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean released energy equivalent to 23,000 Hiroshima type atomic bombs. 20 years later, we examine the disaster and its toll.","title":"How the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami unfolded","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_c82a9051-df49-48cf-bc30-076350bd9cd2","description":"Here's everything you need to know about the benefits and the risks of this common but controversial natural element.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/fluoride-drinking-tap-water-health-controversy","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":0.71435546875,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/201dd407-8469-42ff-a535-37b9ca843e42/h_16213329.jpg","dsc":"FILE -- A drinking glass is filled with tap water from a kitchen faucet in New York on April 30, 2023. New research suggests a link between prenatal fluoride levels and behavioral issues in children, but xperts are divided on the study's significance."},"abstract":"Here's everything you need to know about the benefits and the risks of this common but controversial natural element.","title":"Why we add fluoride to water—and how it became so controversial","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_f762a84e-32b8-439b-9f79-4aa8a7cd1b9b","description":"Scientists eavesdropped on orcas and found ship sounds may hide fish from the endangered killer whales.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/orcas-hunting-ship-traffic-noise","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/8b3297c6-950b-418f-b096-14252d3f97e3/naturepl_01611990.jpg","dsc":"Killer whale or orca (Orcinus orca) breaching, with freight ship in the background. Salish Sea, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada"},"abstract":"Scientists eavesdropped on orcas and found ship sounds may hide fish from the endangered killer whales.","title":"Noisy boat traffic may hide fish from hungry orcas","tags":[{"name":"Animals","id":"fa010584-7bbf-3e92-90f9-586bb27fce94","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals"}]},{"id":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":true,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_320a4c94-c3f5-407a-a617-5b487b5f3db7","description":"Glaciers have survived through a delicate balance of gain and loss. A new study shows just how much the scale has tipped.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/glacier-ice-melting-climate-change-sea-level-rise","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/763b92f9-6005-4635-9dc4-e58b1da3b944/NationalGeographic_2756643.jpg","dsc":"Drone light dramatically illuminates the Pastoruri Glacier in Cordillera Blanca, Peru, 2020.","ttl":"NationalGeographic_2756643"},"abstract":"Glaciers have survived through a delicate balance of gain and loss. A new study shows just how much the scale has tipped.","title":"The world's glaciers are melting faster than we thought","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"fc7eef55-2476-40c6-ba36-dffd29139286_c5e671e5-509d-4a6b-958d-8c4ae73c05c9","description":"Exclusive photos reveal a sprawling, 300-year-old coral near Solomon Islands, recently discovered by the National Geographic Society’s Pristine Seas expedition team.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/world-largest-coral-colony-discovery","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/55270e62-6b9a-4a69-bc93-b6786e20d57c/19---NGSPS2024SOL_MSF_2641Nat_Geographic.jpg","dsc":"Divers from National Geographic Pristine Seas measure the world’s largest coral colony in the Solomon Islands."},"abstract":"Exclusive photos reveal a sprawling, 300-year-old coral near Solomon Islands, recently discovered by the National Geographic Society’s Pristine Seas expedition team.","title":"Scientists discover world’s largest coral","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]}],"id":"b21f6767-43f8-4657-9f7c-2bcd2a8fc57c","cmsType":"PromoGridModule","enableAds":true,"gridType":"grid","pageInfo":{"endCursor":"NDpSRmxPUVY4d0kwbEVPa1JTVG54a2NtNDZjM0pqT201aGRHZGxienAxYm1semIyNDZPbkJ5YjJRNll6VmxOamN4WlRVdE5UQTVaQzAwWVRaaUxUazFPR1F0T0dNMFlXVTNNMk13TldNNUkxTlBVbFE2YjNKcFoybHVZV3hRZFdKc2FYTm9aV1JFWVhSbGZERTNNekUxTkRJME1EQXdNREE9","hasNextPage":true},"templateContext":"eyJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6IlVuaXNvbkh1YiIsInZhcmlhYmxlcyI6eyJsb2NhdG9yIjoiL2Vudmlyb25tZW50IiwicG9ydGZvbGlvIjoibmF0Z2VvIiwicXVlcnlUeXBlIjoiTE9DQVRPUiJ9LCJtb2R1bGVJZCI6bnVsbH0","pageType":"hub"},{"id":"8569d81b-d3ee-4209-954b-68dc5c3cc276","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"left","edgs":[{"id":"79d25620-a3a2-4872-b546-cc4bd25d8539","cmsType":"AdTile","pos":"interstitialAd"}]},{"tiles":[{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularImmersivePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_dc1404a3-efe3-47f0-ad8a-d87a3ba13537","description":"The ultra-rich are flying more on private jets, some of which emit more carbon per hour than an average person produces in a year.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/private-jet-flights-climate-change","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.4989293361884368,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/52453337-44fe-4233-ad58-1ba02943d341/h_15714645.jpg","dsc":"Private jets at Friedman Memorial Airport in Hailey, Idaho, June 29th, 2022. Every July, as the elite Sun Valley conference kicks off, one man at a small airport plays a high-stakes game of three-dimensional Tetris involving multimillion dollar private planes and some of the world's most powerful people."},"abstract":"The ultra-rich are flying more on private jets, some of which emit more carbon per hour than an average person produces in a year.","title":"Private jets are increasingly replacing car trips","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":true,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_be008bbf-a013-4d33-a241-24b2db3a7f18","description":"A small Arctic research station in Norway has emerged as a scientific hub, and it’s home to an increasingly female-led contingent of experts doing some of the planet’s most important studies.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/arctic-research-station-women-scientists","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6181b30b-d7b8-47b5-89ee-66dd0879a47c/STOCKPKG_MM10141_WomenofArcticScience_EstherHorvath_010.jpg","dsc":"Scientists collect data from polar locations to understand how the world is changing. The weather balloon Haupt holds typically carries a radiosonde, an instrument that measures temperature, humidity, and pressure. One is released every day at Ny-Ålesund research station, in Svalbard, Norway. Haupt says such research is critical to “our chances to survive as a species in the long run.”","ttl":"BETTINA HAUPT FORMER STATION MANAGER, AWIPEV ARCTIC RESEARCH BASE"},"abstract":"A small Arctic research station in Norway has emerged as a scientific hub, and it’s home to an increasingly female-led contingent of experts doing some of the planet’s most important studies.","title":"This Arctic boomtown is led by women studying climate change","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_e964900c-7e43-434f-ac2f-2644ded05146","description":"Regions struck by storms, floods, and other disasters create likely settings for ghost sightings, triggered by conditions like psychological trauma and exposure to the toxic chemicals in crumbled buildings.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/ghostly-sightings-natural-disasters","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.2525993883792048,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/dd46857a-05d4-486e-b607-a2693d7caf25/h_14002973.jpg","dsc":"April 2006 - New Orleans, nine months after Hurricane Katrina hit the region. When it made landfall on August 29, 2005, Katrina became the costliest and one of the deadliest hurricanes in United States history.","ttl":"h_14002973"},"abstract":"Regions struck by storms, floods, and other disasters create likely settings for ghost sightings, triggered by conditions like psychological trauma and exposure to the toxic chemicals in crumbled buildings.","title":"Why natural disasters are linked to paranormal beliefs","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":true,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_b4372bcd-83e7-422e-ae01-b6d5dd26baf0","description":"As dark sky sanctuaries grow in popularity, scientists are revealing more of the benefits of darkness—from repairing DNA to improving your mental health.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/dark-sky-health-benefits","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.3438320209973753,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/5b749f51-334d-46fe-b56b-29f8c1cce09c/Spiti-Valley-India.jpg","dsc":"Panorama of the Spiti Valley, India. Chasing stars in the rugged beauty of Spiti Valley."},"abstract":"As dark sky sanctuaries grow in popularity, scientists are revealing more of the benefits of darkness—from repairing DNA to improving your mental health.","title":"Why dark skies are actually good for your health","tags":[{"name":"Science","id":"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_5b2aabff-d30f-4428-a02c-642888839900","description":"Climate change could wipe out monarchs' winter habitats by 2090, but an ‘assisted migration’ strategy aims to build new environs they could call home.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/monarch-butterflies-oyamel-forests-migration","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/08147c8b-bd8b-4305-84e4-11efc6700865/003_NGS_73252S_20_230227_0048002.jpg","dsc":"Sunset with oyamel firs covered in Monarch Butterflies. Santuario El Rosario. Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Michoacan, Mexico."},"abstract":"Climate change could wipe out monarchs' winter habitats by 2090, but an ‘assisted migration’ strategy aims to build new environs they could call home.","title":"To save monarchs, these scientists want to move mountains","tags":[{"name":"Science","id":"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_684cc7c7-900f-4d00-a5cd-c0793bc5bd9b","description":"Historically, it’s rare for a storm to exceed 200mph—but early research suggests it might not be so uncommon in the near future.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/hurricanes-climate-change-intensification","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/197d78cf-a39e-4f70-b14e-b99df000a6ee/GettyImages-2176954319.jpg","dsc":"Hurricane Milton, a Category 5 storm at the time of this photograph, is pictured in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Yucatan Peninsula on October 8, 2024 seen from the International Space Station as it orbited 257 miles above.","ttl":"GettyImages-2176954319"},"abstract":"Historically, it’s rare for a storm to exceed 200mph—but early research suggests it might not be so uncommon in the near future.","title":"Are we approaching the scientific limit to a hurricane's power?","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_170b4152-ebfe-4f8b-9fb9-46cd5c91e0ca","description":"Will AI always give flawed answers? Can we prevent AI from compounding problems from our past? Four experts weigh in.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/ai-effects-questions-concerns","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.4999121110915803,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/56f459a2-43eb-48aa-ad1e-8e240cfb61e7/NATGEO_ARTWORK_NEW_COLOR.jpg"},"abstract":"Will AI always give flawed answers? Can we prevent AI from compounding problems from our past? Four experts weigh in.","title":"Your biggest AI questions, answered","tags":[{"name":"Science","id":"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_69fb9057-a9ac-4b00-a684-37ed73fc1520","description":"Some earthquakes are imperceptibly quiet. We may not feel them, but machines might detect them—and they can point scientists to a potential \"Big One\".","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/ai-predict-earthquakes-seismology","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.2972202423378474,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/d95f57f1-f045-45b2-8aca-293f41958c36/MM10211_20240721_2304.jpg","dsc":"SEISMIC CHANGE Geophysicist Zachary Ross is pioneering a new way to understand the world beneath our feet.","ttl":"Zachary Ross"},"abstract":"Some earthquakes are imperceptibly quiet. We may not feel them, but machines might detect them—and they can point scientists to a potential \"Big One\".","title":"AI is helping to find the next monster earthquake","tags":[{"name":"Science","id":"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_ccecca2a-3757-48f6-b7e9-506047f362eb","description":"The signs of global warming are everywhere, and are more complex than just climbing temperatures.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/global-warming-effects","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/48597c14-b468-42ec-a2fa-1ff99195aed0/GettyImages-1354065189.jpg","dsc":"WIGAN, ENGLAND - NOVEMBER 18: People view artist Luke Jerram's new 'Floating Earth' Debuts In Wigan on November 18, 2021 in Wigan, England. The floating Earth will hover over Pennington Flash for 10 days from November 19, as part of a celebration of Wigan and Leigh's watercourses. It is the first time one of Jerram's globes has been floated on an open expanse of water."},"abstract":"The signs of global warming are everywhere, and are more complex than just climbing temperatures.","title":"How global warming is disrupting life on Earth","tags":[{"name":"Environment","id":"623ce370-3e67-3fb2-b9a5-070ceb9b2de5","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2","cmsType":"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile","isPremium":false,"isEntitled":false,"cId":"09ad5c1a-a328-47bf-9e31-8070bfed5ee2_8e4d215e-9af0-4772-a033-0ded0a87a2c6","description":"The Flood Insurance Rate Maps used by FEMA are based on antiquated data and obsolete models. As a result, the U.S. government downplays flood risks for homeowners across the country—but especially in mountainous regions like Appalachia.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/flood-maps-fema-risk-insurance","text":"natgeo.ctaText.read","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b10ac51f-031f-46c7-a686-76995a6b8c37/h_16259318.jpg","dsc":"Destroyed houses along the Swannanoa River in Swannanoa, N.C., Sept. 28, 2024. After years of documenting the effects of climate change in his home state of North Carolina, a photographer found himself in the path of a hurricane."},"abstract":"The Flood Insurance Rate Maps used by FEMA are based on antiquated data and obsolete models. As a result, the U.S. government downplays flood risks for homeowners across the country—but especially in mountainous regions like Appalachia.","title":"Many are buying homes in flood zones—and don't realize it","tags":[{"name":"Science","id":"2af51eeb-09a8-3bcf-8467-6b2a08edb76c","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science"}]}],"id":"94e4e0b4-65a2-4ead-ab3c-5f8592fc4c30","cmsType":"InfiniteFeedModule","enableAds":true,"gridType":"list","layout":"horizontal","pageInfo":{"endCursor":"OTpSRmxPUVY4d0kwbEVPa1JTVG54a2NtNDZjM0pqT201aGRHZGxienAxYm1semIyNDZPbkJ5YjJRNk9HVTBaREl4TldVdE9XRm1NQzAwTnpjeUxXRXdNek10TUdSbFpEQmhPRGRoTW1NMkkxTlBVbFE2YjNKcFoybHVZV3hRZFdKc2FYTm9aV1JFWVhSbGZERTNNamcyTnpZeE16QXdNVEE9","hasNextPage":true},"showLoadMore":true,"templateContext":"eyJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6IlVuaXNvbkh1YiIsInZhcmlhYmxlcyI6eyJsb2NhdG9yIjoiL2Vudmlyb25tZW50IiwicG9ydGZvbGlvIjoibmF0Z2VvIiwicXVlcnlUeXBlIjoiTE9DQVRPUiJ9LCJtb2R1bGVJZCI6bnVsbH0","pageType":"hub"},{"tiles":[{"id":"29ab1149-a13e-413d-a11b-b69c82acae5d","cmsType":"SeriesTile","isEntitled":false,"cId":"29ab1149-a13e-413d-a11b-b69c82acae5d_c40a8282-63c7-4f03-af9d-7c8cacacaffd","description":"The latest news on the ongoing wildfire season.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/topic/wildfires-coverage","text":"natgeo.ctaText.seeMore","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/83bbb582-664f-43b7-855e-f9cfd8be4b01/mm9468_200905_004438-wide.jpg"},"abstract":"The latest news on the ongoing wildfire season.","title":"Wildfires Coverage","tags":[{"name":"Environment","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},{"id":"29ab1149-a13e-413d-a11b-b69c82acae5d","cmsType":"SeriesTile","isEntitled":false,"cId":"29ab1149-a13e-413d-a11b-b69c82acae5d_d4ebd11f-ead0-4427-9627-eb3243534728","description":"Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of other impacts will be seen as the climate changes.","ctas":[{"url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/topic/climate-change","text":"natgeo.ctaText.seeMore","icon":"article"}],"img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.4341736694677871,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9ef8fca-3112-4ca7-bcdd-3c41f6a8acae/climatechangethumb.jpg"},"abstract":"Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of other impacts will be seen as the climate changes.","title":"Climate Change Coverage","tags":[{"name":"Environment","type":"sources","uri":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]}],"id":"9f058229-8ab5-4217-bc18-0b50fa96b9df","cmsType":"PromoGridModule","enableAds":true,"gridType":"grid","pageInfo":{"endCursor":"MTpUVUZPVlVGTVh6QWpaSEp1T25OeVl6cHVZWFJuWlc4NmRXNXBjMjl1T2pwd2NtOWtPbVEwWldKa01URm1MV1ZoWkRBdE5EUXlOeTA1TmpJM0xXVmlNekkwTXpVek5EY3lPQT09"},"smallFirstPromo":true,"templateContext":"eyJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6IlVuaXNvbkh1YiIsInZhcmlhYmxlcyI6eyJsb2NhdG9yIjoiL2Vudmlyb25tZW50IiwicG9ydGZvbGlvIjoibmF0Z2VvIiwicXVlcnlUeXBlIjoiTE9DQVRPUiJ9LCJtb2R1bGVJZCI6bnVsbH0","pageType":"hub"}]},{"mods":[{"id":"71a9f56d-eb69-4139-a224-e08ea8dce806","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"left","edgs":[{"id":"88f9a689-5fd6-40fc-b306-971451ff9d26","cmsType":"EmailInlineTile","title":"THE BEST OF PLANET POSSIBLE DELIVERED TO YOUR INBOX","backgroundImage":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/81efddb5-ba51-48fd-8952-f75ef2aae638/01surprisingcountries.jpg","errorMessage":"Please enter a valid email address","mrktngMeta":{"afnty":"Environment","cpgnCd":"20220201_GLOBAL_inline_email_environment_hub","cntxt":"NATGEOCONSUMERWEB"},"campaignName":"planet_possible","placeholder":"Enter your email","subtitle":"Get the latest stories that inform, inspire, and enable you to live more lightly on the planet, plus updates from National Geographic and The Walt Disney Family of Companies.","success":{"header":"Thank you!"},"submitButton":"SIGN UP"}]}]},{"mods":[{"id":"53ac0497-bd92-45b2-983e-6b1db6963f71","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"center","edgs":[{"cmsType":"VideoPlaylistTile","id":"e8a09816-c1c2-4cef-9d4a-085f28185839","media":[{"cId":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:e28b567c-9815-4f21-845c-61faaf8cb31e","id":"e28b567c-9815-4f21-845c-61faaf8cb31e","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/080aad64-f8ac-472c-959c-6287a7d393b3/00000172-b3a2-d017-a972-bbb387500000.jpg"},"cmsType":"video","pId":"86093482-74f6-4f15-9da4-36d26d276ec6","src":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","description":"Hundreds of millions of people in the Himalayan region rely on glaciers for their water supply. Global climate change is forcing many to leave their homes in search of new beginnings. In the Mustang District of Nepal, the Gurung family has made the difficult choice to split their family and livelihoods between two locations in order to ensure a sustainable future for their children. See how they are continuing to adapt to this new way of life.","duration":"11:41","slideTitle":"Scattered by climate change, a family stays close","title":"Scattered by climate change, a family stays close","imageSrc":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="},{"cId":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:910c6670-b1ef-431b-ae6e-67f3a5c4b36f","id":"910c6670-b1ef-431b-ae6e-67f3a5c4b36f","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/0ccf6706-87f4-4f82-8025-c89cf88d5436/0000016e-6102-ddd2-a1ff-6996f5620000.jpg"},"cmsType":"video","pId":"96b6b1ea-de93-4198-83b8-7c6d060ec02a","src":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","description":"While on the National Geographic 2019 Expedition to Everest, scientists traveled to Nepal's Gokyo Valley to collect sediment cores from glacial lakes. The team's mission was to gather data on the effects of climate change at the highest elevation on the planet and discover what kind of history they could find in the mud. See what challenges they faced while collecting samples at Taboche Lake in the Himalayas. Read more in \"What happens when the roof of the world melts?\" To learn more about the National Geographic and Rolex Perpetual Planet Extreme Expedition to Everest, visit natgeo.com/everest.","duration":"8:01","slideTitle":"What mud from glacial lakes can tell us about our history and future","title":"What mud from glacial lakes can tell us about our history and future","imageSrc":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="},{"cId":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:528fb5b3-fe46-44ed-86f7-b813de89d411","id":"528fb5b3-fe46-44ed-86f7-b813de89d411","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6bfd5642-eece-4083-8886-1f747d4449ec/0000016d-4572-de5b-a3ef-5572983c0000.jpg"},"cmsType":"video","pId":"690b69f0-4f16-40e7-a947-aa3c7d302dd1","src":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","description":"Peatlands lock in more carbon than forests—and a new mapping effort suggest that the Democratic Republic of Congo’s might be the world’s largest.","duration":"2:49","slideTitle":"These peatlands could be critical to fighting climate change","title":"These peatlands could be critical to fighting climate change","imageSrc":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="},{"cId":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:53018d6b-ab19-46b7-978d-5957bbc18e01","id":"53018d6b-ab19-46b7-978d-5957bbc18e01","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/2749336e-2bdc-4b04-916b-94894f0fedb7/0000016c-ce52-de13-adef-fffe9e800000.jpg"},"cmsType":"video","pId":"1e27e678-c16a-460d-9375-dcdcfc5c98aa","src":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","description":"In Porto Velho, capital of a Brazilian state ravaged by recent fires, residents are on edge and falling ill from the pervasive smoke. A hymn describes the city's sky as forever blue, but now it's grey with smoke. Read the full article. Published August 26, 2019","duration":"1:42","slideTitle":"Amazon fires 'so much worse than before' say locals","title":"Amazon fires 'so much worse than before' say locals","imageSrc":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="},{"cId":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:87d93579-0d28-4643-a6eb-c8d92b6cf57e","id":"87d93579-0d28-4643-a6eb-c8d92b6cf57e","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/342d17e7-dfae-4926-9450-2e398ba598d0/0000016c-ab3a-d100-a77d-af3b2c0b0000.jpg"},"cmsType":"video","pId":"9c48f6e1-e48d-4ed3-a34d-3f1f7f2f9f9d","src":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","description":"August 20, 2019 - The red abalone fishery is closed down until 2021 in hopes that the snail population would rebound. Many coastal communities are suffering from the closure.","duration":"10:51","slideTitle":"What a sea snail die-off means for Californians—and the climate","title":"What a sea snail die-off means for Californians—and the climate","imageSrc":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="},{"cId":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:5ef64c3e-7573-42e9-b04a-d3e7dcb4e28f","id":"5ef64c3e-7573-42e9-b04a-d3e7dcb4e28f","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000.jpg","src":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e287c461-5087-4f3c-a1e6-ff1c28590eb5/0000016c-4977-d99d-af7c-6f773d850000.jpg"},"cmsType":"video","pId":"0bf9c18a-a2b9-4317-8991-607ebe259667","src":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","credit":"Jaskiran Nagi","description":"Stunning drone footage captures Chasm 1, a huge crack on the Brunt Ice Shelf. When it inevitably intersects with the nearby Halloween Crack, an iceberg the size of Houston, Texas will break off into the ocean.","duration":"2:02","slideTitle":"See the crack splitting an Antarctic ice shelf in two","title":"See the crack splitting an Antarctic ice shelf in two","imageSrc":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="}],"positionMetaBottom":true,"alignCarousel":"top","pageInfo":{"hasPreviousPage":false,"hasNextPage":true,"totalCount":100,"totalPages":17,"startCursor":"RFlOQV8wI0lEOkRSTnxkcm46c3JjOm5hdGdlbzp1bmlzb246OnByb2Q6ZTI4YjU2N2MtOTgxNS00ZjIxLTg0NWMtNjFmYWFmOGNiMzFlI1NPUlQ6b3JpZ2luYWxQdWJsaXNoZWREYXRlfDE1OTIxNTE2ODMwMDA=","endCursor":"RFlOQV8wI0lEOkRSTnxkcm46c3JjOm5hdGdlbzp1bmlzb246OnByb2Q6NWVmNjRjM2UtNzU3My00MmU5LWIwNGEtZDNlN2RjYjRlMjhmI1NPUlQ6b3JpZ2luYWxQdWJsaXNoZWREYXRlfDE1NjQ2MDA2NTcwMDA=","id":"53ac0497-bd92-45b2-983e-6b1db6963f71","context":"eyJjb250ZW50VHlwZSI6IlVuaXNvbkh1YiIsInZhcmlhYmxlcyI6eyJsb2NhdG9yIjoiL2Vudmlyb25tZW50IiwicG9ydGZvbGlvIjoibmF0Z2VvIiwicXVlcnlUeXBlIjoiTE9DQVRPUiJ9LCJtb2R1bGVJZCI6bnVsbH0","geosClose":{}}}],"title":"Latest Videos"}],"orientation":"horizontal","theme":"dark","cmsType":"EnhancedFrame"}],"meta":{"cnnicl":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment","dsc":"Read National Geographic's latest stories about the environment.","id":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:29044477-031c-45c0-86cb-f8b342b6be26","ttl":"The Planet","sclDsc":"Read National Geographic's latest stories about the environment.","sclImg":"https://i.natgeofe.com/n/3fab4f62-442d-4787-a6c9-cbb39b6a5fc8/nationalgeographic_1278765_16x9.jpg?w=1200","sclImgHgt":674.9439042632761,"sclImgWdth":1200,"sclTtl":"The Planet","adKvps":{"objid":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:29044477-031c-45c0-86cb-f8b342b6be26","tag":"UNILEVER2024|unilever2024"},"pgTxnmy":{"audiences":["General"],"sources":["Environment"]},"hreflngs":[{"lcl":"en-us","url":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment"}]},"flags":{"hideSource":true,"hideDek":true,"hideSeries":true,"hideGenre":true},"prtfloFlgs":{"hideSharing":false,"hideSource":false},"config":{"logoIcon":"ng-border","numLines":3,"type":"default","IMAGE_CONFIGS":{"default":[{"cropName":"raw","width":374,"screenWidth":374,"aspectRatio":1.1743119266055047},{"cropName":"raw","width":413,"screenWidth":413,"aspectRatio":1.1743119266055047},{"cropName":"raw","width":718}],"featureImg":[{"cropName":"2x3","width":374,"screenWidth":374},{"cropName":"2x3","width":413,"screenWidth":413},{"cropName":"2x3","width":767,"screenWidth":767},{"cropName":"3x2","width":1024,"screenWidth":1024},{"cropName":"2x1","width":1260,"screenWidth":1260},{"cropName":"2x1","width":1440}],"frameBackground":[{"cropName":"3x2","width":374,"screenWidth":374},{"cropName":"3x2","width":413,"screenWidth":413},{"cropName":"3x2","width":767,"screenWidth":767},{"cropName":"3x2","width":1024,"screenWidth":1024},{"cropName":"3x2","width":1440}],"immersiveLdBg":{"img":[{"cropName":"raw","width":374,"screenWidth":374,"aspectRatio":1.1743119266055047},{"cropName":"raw","width":413,"screenWidth":413,"aspectRatio":1.1743119266055047},{"cropName":"raw","width":767,"screenWidth":767,"aspectRatio":1.5003663003663004},{"cropName":"raw","width":1024,"screenWidth":1024,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":1260,"screenWidth":1440,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":1440}],"default":[{"cropName":"raw","width":374,"screenWidth":374,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":413,"screenWidth":413,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":767,"screenWidth":767,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":1024,"screenWidth":1024,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":1260,"screenWidth":1440,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":1440,"aspectRatio":0.6640625}]},"large":[{"cropName":"raw","width":374,"screenWidth":374,"aspectRatio":1.1743119266055047},{"cropName":"raw","width":413,"screenWidth":413,"aspectRatio":1.1743119266055047},{"cropName":"raw","width":767,"screenWidth":767,"aspectRatio":1.5003663003663004},{"cropName":"raw","width":1024,"screenWidth":1024,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":1260,"screenWidth":1440,"aspectRatio":0.6640625},{"cropName":"raw","width":1440,"aspectRatio":1.5003663003663004}],"spnsrBanner":[{"cropName":"raw","height":32}],"RegularStandardPrismTile":{"aspectRatio":1,"cropName":"square","width":195},"undefined":[{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":310,"screenWidth":413},{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":636,"screenWidth":768},{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":310}],"promoTile":{"aspectRatio":1,"cropName":"square","width":195},"infiniteTile":[{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":195,"screenWidth":685},{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":310}],"tileStack":{"aspectRatio":0.75,"cropName":"3x4","width":400},"SeriesTile":{"aspectRatio":0.6666666666666666,"cropName":"2x3","width":400},"featContent":{"aspectRatio":0.6666666666666666,"cropName":"2x3","width":400},"RegularImmersivePrismTile":[{"aspectRatio":0.75,"cropName":"3x4","width":730,"screenWidth":480},{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":718}],"RegularEdgeToEdgePrismTile":[{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":310,"screenWidth":413},{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":636,"screenWidth":768},{"aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"cropName":"4x3","width":310}],"fllWdthRaw":[{"cropName":"raw","width":374,"screenWidth":374},{"cropName":"raw","width":413,"screenWidth":413},{"cropName":"raw","width":767,"screenWidth":767},{"cropName":"raw","width":1024,"screenWidth":1024},{"cropName":"raw","width":1260,"screenWidth":1260},{"cropName":"raw","width":1440}],"playlist":{"player":[{"cropName":"16x9","width":374,"screenWidth":374},{"cropName":"16x9","width":413,"screenWidth":413},{"cropName":"16x9","width":718}],"tile":[{"cropName":"raw","width":220,"screenWidth":767},{"cropName":"raw","width":300,"screenWidth":1119},{"cropName":"raw","width":195}]},"video":{"default":[{"cropName":"16x9","width":374,"screenWidth":374},{"cropName":"16x9","width":413,"screenWidth":413},{"cropName":"16x9","width":718,"screenWidth":767},{"cropName":"16x9","width":718,"screenWidth":1024},{"cropName":"16x9","width":1280}]}},"themes":{"byTagId":{"9e8034f6-2e16-3b86-998b-56f8ff9dffb7":"dark","9af83c1e-1fdc-3710-b252-c42eedb1b7c1":"dark"},"styleByTagId":{"9e8034f6-2e16-3b86-998b-56f8ff9dffb7":"framed","9af83c1e-1fdc-3710-b252-c42eedb1b7c1":"framed"}},"deeplink":{"playlist":{"scrollTo":true,"updateURL":true}}}}},"ads":{"kvps":[{"name":"pgtyp","value":"hub"},{"name":"ed","value":"us"},{"name":"lang","value":"en"},{"name":"objid","value":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:29044477-031c-45c0-86cb-f8b342b6be26"},{"name":"tag","value":"UNILEVER2024|unilever2024"}]},"analytics":{"page_type":"hub","page_url":"www.nationalgeographic.com/environment","userab_cookie":"0","page_taxonomy":{"srcs":"Environment","auds":"General"}}},"request":{"headers":{},"httpVersion":"1.1","method":"GET","url":"/environment","vary":{"cached":true,"device":"pc","host":"www.nationalgeographic.com","path":"/environment","forwarded-proto":"https","country":"hk","edition":"natgeo-en-us","edition-view":"natgeo-en-us","loggedin":"false","userab":"0"}},"viewport":{"width":1260,"height":0},"user":{}};</script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/_manifest.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/natgeo-b6cb5abe.js" defer></script><script src="//assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/f76c83dbe629-release-11-19-2024.2/client/natgeo/hub-a4f3e2a4.js" defer></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10