CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="vi" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dung nạp miễn dịch – Wikipedia tiếng Việt</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )viwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"vi normal","wgMonthNames":["","tháng 1","tháng 2","tháng 3","tháng 4","tháng 5","tháng 6","tháng 7","tháng 8","tháng 9","tháng 10","tháng 11","tháng 12"],"wgRequestId":"dd5f5c28-b1fd-4a60-8830-097575d18684","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dung_nạp_miễn_dịch","wgTitle":"Dung nạp miễn dịch","wgCurRevisionId":69882064,"wgRevisionId":69882064,"wgArticleId":14057824,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Quản lý CS1: địa điểm","Miễn dịch học"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"vi","wgPageContentLanguage":"vi","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dung_nạp_miễn_dịch","wgRelevantArticleId":14057824,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"vi","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"vi"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1356761","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.did_you_mean","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.AVIM","ext.gadget.AVIM_portlet","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.purgetab","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=vi&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dung nạp miễn dịch – Wikipedia tiếng Việt"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//vi.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sửa đổi" href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (vi)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//vi.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.vi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Nguồn cấp Atom của Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%A2y&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dung_nạp_miễn_dịch rootpage-Dung_nạp_miễn_dịch skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Bước tới nội dung</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Trình đơn chính" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Trình đơn chính</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Trình đơn chính</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Điều hướng </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Xem trang chính [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Trang Chính</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipedia-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:N%E1%BB%99i_dung_ch%E1%BB%8Dn_l%E1%BB%8Dc"><span>Nội dung chọn lọc</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ng%E1%BA%ABu_nhi%C3%AAn" title="Xem trang ngẫu nhiên [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Bài viết ngẫu nhiên</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_g%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%C3%A2y" title="Danh sách thay đổi gần đây trong wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Thay đổi gần đây</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:B%C3%A1o_l%E1%BB%97i_b%C3%A0i_vi%E1%BA%BFt"><span>Báo lỗi nội dung</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikipedia-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikipedia-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tương tác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-wikipedia-helppage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:S%C3%A1ch_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng_d%E1%BA%ABn"><span>Hướng dẫn</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u"><span>Giới thiệu Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:C%E1%BB%99ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Giới thiệu dự án, cách sử dụng và tìm kiếm thông tin ở đây"><span>Cộng đồng</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipedia-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn"><span>Thảo luận chung</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipedia-helpdesk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gi%C3%BAp_s%E1%BB%AD_d%E1%BB%A5ng_Wikipedia"><span>Giúp sử dụng</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Liên_lạc"><span>Liên lạc</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tr%C3%ACnh_t%E1%BA%A3i_l%C3%AAn_t%E1%BA%ADp_tin"><span>Tải lên tập tin</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Bách khoa toàn thư mở" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-vi.svg" width="120" height="10" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:T%C3%ACm_ki%E1%BA%BFm" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Tìm kiếm Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tìm kiếm</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tìm kiếm trên Wikipedia" aria-label="Tìm kiếm trên Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Tìm kiếm Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Đặc_biệt:Tìm_kiếm"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tìm kiếm</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Giao diện" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Giao diện</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi" class=""><span>Quyên góp</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Dung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản" class=""><span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Dung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Dung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Dung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dung nạp miễn dịch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 28 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="تحمل مناعي – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحمل مناعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunotolerancija" title="Imunotolerancija – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Imunotolerancija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Имунна толерантност – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Имунна толерантност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toler%C3%A0ncia_immunit%C3%A0ria" title="Tolerància immunitària – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tolerància immunitària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunitn%C3%AD_tolerance" title="Imunitní tolerance – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Imunitní tolerance" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuntoleranz" title="Immuntoleranz – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Immuntoleranz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_tolerance" title="Immune tolerance – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Immune tolerance" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerancia_inmunitaria" title="Tolerancia inmunitaria – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tolerancia inmunitaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunotolerantzia" title="Immunotolerantzia – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Immunotolerantzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تحمل ایمنی – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تحمل ایمنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tol%C3%A9rance_(immunologie)" title="Tolérance (immunologie) – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tolérance (immunologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerancia_inmunol%C3%B3xica" title="Tolerancia inmunolóxica – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tolerancia inmunolóxica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%97%AD%EA%B4%80%EC%9A%A9" title="면역관용 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="면역관용" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolleranza_immunologica" title="Tolleranza immunologica – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tolleranza immunologica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Иммунологиялық толеранттық – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иммунологиялық толеранттық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerantie_(immunologie)" title="Tolerantie (immunologie) – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tolerantie (immunologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AF%9B%E5%AE%B9" title="免疫寛容 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="免疫寛容" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologik_tolerantlik" title="Immunologik tolerantlik – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Immunologik tolerantlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84" title="معافيتي تحمل – Tiếng Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="معافيتي تحمل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerancja_immunologiczna" title="Tolerancja immunologiczna – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tolerancja immunologiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toler%C3%A2ncia_imunol%C3%B3gica" title="Tolerância imunológica – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tolerância imunológica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Иммунологическая толерантность – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иммунологическая толерантность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleranca_(medicina)" title="Toleranca (medicina) – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Toleranca (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunotolerancija" title="Imunotolerancija – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Imunotolerancija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuntolerans" title="Immuntolerans – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Immuntolerans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mm%C3%BCn_tolerans" title="İmmün tolerans – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İmmün tolerans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Імунологічна толерантність – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імунологічна толерантність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E8%80%90%E5%8F%97" title="免疫耐受 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="免疫耐受" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1356761#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&oldid=69882064" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&id=69882064&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDung_n%25E1%25BA%25A1p_mi%25E1%25BB%2585n_d%25E1%25BB%258Bch"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDung_n%25E1%25BA%25A1p_mi%25E1%25BB%2585n_d%25E1%25BB%258Bch"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Dung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Immune_tolerance" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1356761" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><p><b>Dung nạp miễn dịch</b>, <b>khoan dung miễn dịch</b> là trạng thái không phản hồi (unresponsiveness) của <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Hệ miễn dịch">hệ miễn dịch</a> đối với các chất hoặc mô có khả năng gợi ra <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%A1p_%E1%BB%A9ng_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đáp ứng miễn dịch (trang không tồn tại)">đáp ứng miễn dịch</a> (immune response) trong <a href="/wiki/Sinh_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Sinh vật">sinh vật</a> (organism) đã cho. Nó được gây ra do sự phơi nhiễm trước (prior exposure) với <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A1ng_nguy%C3%AAn" title="Kháng nguyên">kháng nguyên</a> (antigen) cụ thể đó<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_lecture_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel_lecture-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Janeways_ch15_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janeways_ch15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> và tương phản với việc loại bỏ các kháng nguyên bên ngoài thông qua trung gian miễn dịch thông thường. Sự dung nạp được phân loại thành <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_trung_t%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dung nạp trung tâm (trang không tồn tại)">dung nạp trung tâm</a> (central tolerance) hoặc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_ngo%E1%BA%A1i_vi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dung nạp ngoại vi (trang không tồn tại)">dung nạp ngoại vi</a> (peripheral tolerance) tùy thuộc vào nơi tình trạng (state) ban đầu được gây ra ở <a href="/wiki/Tuy%E1%BA%BFn_%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tuyến ức">tuyến ức</a> (thymus) và <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%A7y_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tủy xương">tủy xương</a> (bone marrow) (vùng trung tâm) hoặc ở các mô và <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1ch_b%E1%BA%A1ch_huy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Hạch bạch huyết">hạch bạch huyết</a> (lymph nodes) khác (vùng ngoại biên). Các cơ chế mà theo đó các hình thức khoan dung được thiết lập là khác biệt, nhưng hiệu quả kết quả là tương tự. </p><p>Dung nạp miễn dịch là quan trọng đối với <a href="/wiki/Sinh_l%C3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinh lý">sinh lý</a> bình thường. Dung nạp trung tâm là cách chính hệ miễn dịch học cách phân biệt (discriminate) chính nó, hay cái thuộc về nó (self), với chất lạ, hay cái không thuộc về nó, (non self). Dung nạp ngoại vi là chìa khóa để ngăn ngừa phản ứng quá mức (over-reactivity) của hệ thống miễn dịch đối với các thực thể môi trường khác nhau (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BA%A5t_g%C3%A2y_d%E1%BB%8B_%E1%BB%A9ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chất gây dị ứng (trang không tồn tại)">chất gây dị ứng</a> (allergen), <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_vi_khu%E1%BA%A9n_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_ru%E1%BB%99t" class="mw-redirect" title="Hệ vi khuẩn đường ruột">hệ vi khuẩn đường ruột</a> (gut microbes), v..v..). Thâm hụt trong dung nạp trung tâm hoặc ngoại vi cũng gây ra <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BB%87nh_t%E1%BB%B1_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bệnh tự miễn dịch">bệnh tự miễn dịch</a>, dẫn đến hội chứng như <a href="/wiki/Lupus_ban_%C4%91%E1%BB%8F_h%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng" title="Lupus ban đỏ hệ thống">lupus ban đỏ hệ thống</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%AAm_kh%E1%BB%9Bp_d%E1%BA%A1ng_th%E1%BA%A5p" title="Viêm khớp dạng thấp">viêm khớp dạng thấp</a>, bệnh <a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%83u_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_lo%E1%BA%A1i_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiểu đường loại 1">tiểu đường loại 1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Round_et_al_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Round_et_al-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_%C4%91a_tuy%E1%BA%BFn_n%E1%BB%99i_ti%E1%BA%BFt_t%E1%BB%B1_mi%E1%BB%85n_lo%E1%BA%A1i_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hội chứng đa tuyến nội tiết tự miễn loại 1 (trang không tồn tại)">hội chứng đa tuyến nội tiết tự miễn loại 1</a> (polyendocrine, APS-1),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_IPEX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hội chứng IPEX (trang không tồn tại)">hội chứng IPEX</a> (immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked - IPEX),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> và có khả năng đóng góp vào bệnh <a href="/wiki/Hen_suy%E1%BB%85n" class="mw-redirect" title="Hen suyễn">hen suyễn</a> (asthma), <a href="/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_%E1%BB%A9ng" title="Dị ứng">dị ứng</a> (allergy),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> và bệnh <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%AAm_ru%E1%BB%99t" title="Viêm ruột">viêm ruột</a> (IDB).<sup id="cite_ref-Round_et_al_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Round_et_al-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Và dung nạp miễn dịch trong thai kỳ là điều cho phép một động vật mẹ mang thai một con (offspring) khác biệt về mặt di truyền với một đáp ứng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_lo%E1%BA%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miễn dịch đồng loại (trang không tồn tại)">miễn dịch đồng loại</a> (alloimmune) bị tắt (muted) đủ để ngăn ngừa <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%A9y_thai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sẩy thai">sẩy thai</a> (miscarriage). </p><p>Tuy nhiên dung nạp cũng có những sự cân bằng (tradeoffs) tiêu cực hay mặt hạn chế của nó. Nó cho phép một số vi khuẩn gây bệnh (pathogenic microbes) lây nhiễm thành công cho vật chủ và tránh thải trừ.<sup id="cite_ref-More_of_the_same_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-More_of_the_same-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ngoài ra, gây ra dung nạp miễn dịch trong môi trường vi mô cục bộ là một chiến lược sống còn phổ biến đối với một số khối u ngăn chặn sự loại bỏ của chúng bởi hệ miễn dịch chủ.<sup id="cite_ref-Becker_et_al_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Becker_et_al-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nobel_lecture-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nobel_lecture_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1960/medawar-lecture.html">“Nobel Lectures, Physiology of Medicine 1942-1962”</a>. Elsevier Publishing Company. 13 tháng 10 năm 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Lectures%2C+Physiology+of+Medicine+1942-1962&rft.pub=Elsevier+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1960%2Fmedawar-lecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janeways_ch15-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Janeways_ch15_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2012" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Kenneth (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janewaysimmunobi00murp_528"><i>Janeway's Immunobiology: 8th ed</i></a>. Chapter 15: Garland Science. tr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janewaysimmunobi00murp_528/page/n632">611</a>–668. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/0815342438" title="Đặc biệt:Nguồn sách/0815342438"><bdi>0815342438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janeway%27s+Immunobiology%3A+8th+ed.&rft.place=Chapter+15&rft.pages=611-668&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=0815342438&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjanewaysimmunobi00murp_528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">Quản lý CS1: địa điểm (<a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Qu%E1%BA%A3n_l%C3%BD_CS1:_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m" title="Thể loại:Quản lý CS1: địa điểm">liên kết</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFChoiKim_STCraft_J2012" class="citation journal cs1">Choi, J; Kim ST; Craft J (tháng 12 năm 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3508331">“The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus-an update”</a>. <i>Curr Opin Immunol</i>. <b>24</b> (6): 651–657. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.coi.2012.10.004">10.1016/j.coi.2012.10.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (định danh)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Truy cập mở"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3508331">3508331</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr+Opin+Immunol&rft.atitle=The+pathogenesis+of+systemic+lupus+erythematosus-an+update.&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=651-657&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3508331%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.coi.2012.10.004&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Kim+ST&rft.au=Craft+J&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3508331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Round_et_al-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Round_et_al_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Round_et_al_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFRoundO'Connell_RMMazmanian_SK2010" class="citation journal cs1">Round, JL; O'Connell RM; Mazmanian SK (tháng 5 năm 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155383">“Coordination of tolerogenic immune responses by the commensal microbiota”</a>. <i>J Autoimmun</i>. <b>34</b> (3): J220–J225. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaut.2009.11.007">10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (định danh)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Truy cập mở"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155383">3155383</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19963349">19963349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Autoimmun&rft.atitle=Coordination+of+tolerogenic+immune+responses+by+the+commensal+microbiota&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=J220-J225&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3155383%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19963349&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jaut.2009.11.007&rft.aulast=Round&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.au=O%27Connell+RM&rft.au=Mazmanian+SK&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3155383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFPerniola2012" class="citation journal cs1">Perniola, R (2012). “Expression of the autoimmune regulator gene and its relevance to the mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance”. <i>Clin Dev Immunol</i>. <b>2012</b>: 207403. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2012%2F207403">10.1155/2012/207403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clin+Dev+Immunol&rft.atitle=Expression+of+the+autoimmune+regulator+gene+and+its+relevance+to+the+mechanisms+of+central+and+peripheral+tolerance.&rft.volume=2012&rft.pages=207403&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2012%2F207403&rft.aulast=Perniola&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFVerbskyChatila_TA.2013" class="citation journal cs1">Verbsky, JW; Chatila TA. (tháng 12 năm 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4047515">“Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) and IPEX-related disorders: an evolving web of heritable autoimmune diseases”</a>. <i>Curr Opin Pediatr</i>. <b>25</b> (6): 708–714. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fmop.0000000000000029">10.1097/mop.0000000000000029</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (định danh)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Truy cập mở"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4047515">4047515</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr+Opin+Pediatr&rft.atitle=Immune+dysregulation%2C+polyendocrinopathy%2C+enteropathy+X-linked+%28IPEX%29+and+IPEX-related+disorders%3A+an+evolving+web+of+heritable+autoimmune+diseases&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=708-714&rft.date=2013-12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4047515%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2Fmop.0000000000000029&rft.aulast=Verbsky&rft.aufirst=JW&rft.au=Chatila+TA.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4047515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFMaaziLam_JLombardi_VAkbari_O2013" class="citation journal cs1">Maazi, H; Lam J; Lombardi V; Akbari O (tháng 6 năm 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693732">“Role of plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets in allergic asthma”</a>. <i>Allergy</i>. <b>68</b> (6): 695–701. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fall.12166">10.1111/all.12166</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (định danh)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Truy cập mở"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693732">3693732</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allergy&rft.atitle=Role+of+plasmacytoid+dendritic+cell+subsets+in+allergic+asthma&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=695-701&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3693732%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fall.12166&rft.aulast=Maazi&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Lam+J&rft.au=Lombardi+V&rft.au=Akbari+O&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3693732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-More_of_the_same-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-More_of_the_same_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFCurotto_de_LafailleLafaillle_JJ2009" class="citation journal cs1">Curotto de Lafaille, MA; Lafaillle JJ (2009). “Natural and Adaptive Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: More of the Same or a Division of Labor?”. <i>Immunity</i>. <b>30</b> (6): 626–635. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.immuni.2009.05.002">10.1016/j.immuni.2009.05.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunity&rft.atitle=Natural+and+Adaptive+Foxp3%2B+Regulatory+T+Cells%3A+More+of+the+Same+or+a+Division+of+Labor%3F&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=626-635&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.immuni.2009.05.002&rft.aulast=Curotto+de+Lafaille&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Lafaillle+JJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Becker_et_al-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Becker_et_al_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFBeckerAndersen_MHSchrama_DStraten_P2013" class="citation journal cs1">Becker, JC; Andersen MH; Schrama D; Straten P (tháng 7 năm 2013). “Immune-suppressive properties of the tumor microenvironment”. <i>Cancer Immunol Immunother</i>. <b>62</b> (7): 1137–1148. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00262-013-1434-6">10.1007/s00262-013-1434-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Immunol+Immunother&rft.atitle=Immune-suppressive+properties+of+the+tumor+microenvironment&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1137-1148&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00262-013-1434-6&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.au=Andersen+MH&rft.au=Schrama+D&rft.au=Straten+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3ADung+n%E1%BA%A1p+mi%E1%BB%85n+d%E1%BB%8Bch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lấy từ “<a dir="ltr" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dung_nạp_miễn_dịch&oldid=69882064">https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dung_nạp_miễn_dịch&oldid=69882064</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Đặc biệt:Thể loại">Thể loại</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Thể loại:Miễn dịch học">Miễn dịch học</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Thể loại ẩn: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Qu%E1%BA%A3n_l%C3%BD_CS1:_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m" title="Thể loại:Quản lý CS1: địa điểm">Quản lý CS1: địa điểm</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Trang này được sửa đổi lần cuối vào ngày 15 tháng 4 năm 2023, 02:46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Văn bản được phát hành theo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nguy%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_ph%C3%A9p_Creative_Commons_Ghi_c%C3%B4ng%E2%80%93Chia_s%E1%BA%BB_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%B1_phi%C3%AAn_b%E1%BA%A3n_4.0_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Wikipedia:Nguyên văn Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự phiên bản 4.0 Quốc tế">Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự</a>; có thể áp dụng điều khoản bổ sung. Với việc sử dụng trang web này, bạn chấp nhận <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/vi">Điều khoản Sử dụng</a> và <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/vi">Quy định quyền riêng tư</a>. Wikipedia® là thương hiệu đã đăng ký của <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, một tổ chức phi lợi nhuận.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Quy định quyền riêng tư</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u">Giới thiệu Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ph%E1%BB%A7_nh%E1%BA%ADn_chung">Lời phủ nhận</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Bộ Quy tắc Ứng xử Chung</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Lập trình viên</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/vi.wikipedia.org">Thống kê</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Tuyên bố về cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//vi.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Phiên bản di động</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d9797f5d-sc7pd","wgBackendResponseTime":219,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.152","walltime":"0.180","ppvisitednodes":{"value":468,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":20128,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":32,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":32738,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 151.029 1 Bản_mẫu:Tham_khảo","100.00% 151.029 1 -total"," 52.41% 79.154 1 Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_web"," 25.02% 37.790 7 Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_tạp_chí"," 6.75% 10.196 1 Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_sách"," 1.28% 1.936 1 Bản_mẫu:Column-width"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.089","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3374896,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84d8f4b96-92sph","timestamp":"20241117232447","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dung n\u1ea1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch","url":"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dung_n%E1%BA%A1p_mi%E1%BB%85n_d%E1%BB%8Bch","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1356761","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1356761","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Qu\u1ef9 Wikimedia","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-10-15T10:08:23Z","dateModified":"2023-04-15T02:46:58Z"}</script> </body> </html>