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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>起因</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-作者" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#作者"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>作者</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-作者-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-出版" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出版"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>出版</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出版-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-有爭議的論文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#有爭議的論文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>有爭議的論文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-有爭議的論文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對於憲法批准辯論的影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對於憲法批准辯論的影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>對於憲法批准辯論的影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對於憲法批准辯論的影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-司法上的运用和解释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#司法上的运用和解释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>司法上的运用和解释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-司法上的运用和解释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对权利法案的抵制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对权利法案的抵制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>对权利法案的抵制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对权利法案的抵制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-后世评价" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#后世评价"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>后世评价</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-后世评价-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中文译本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中文译本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>中文译本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中文译本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拓展书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拓展书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>拓展书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拓展书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">联邦党人文集</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。32种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="أوراق الفيديراليست – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوراق الفيديراليست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%82" title="Федералистът – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Федералистът" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Federalista" title="El Federalista – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El Federalista" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DB%95_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8E%D8%AF%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="کۆمەڵە وتاری فێدڕالیست – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمەڵە وتاری فێدڕالیست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listy_federalist%C5%AF" title="Listy federalistů – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Listy federalistů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers" title="Federalist Papers – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="The Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="مقاله‌های فدرالیست – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقاله‌های فدرالیست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalistikirjoitukset" title="Federalistikirjoitukset – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Federalistikirjoitukset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Papiers_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralistes" title="Les Papiers fédéralistes – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Papiers fédéralistes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98" title="כתבי הפדרליסט – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתבי הפדרליסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greinar_bandalagsmanna" title="Greinar bandalagsmanna – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Greinar bandalagsmanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Federalista" title="Il Federalista – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il Federalista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ザ・フェデラリスト – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザ・フェデラリスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Федералист жазбалары – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Федералист жазбалары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9E%90_%EB%85%BC%EC%A7%91" title="연방주의자 논집 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연방주의자 논집" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Federalist" title="The Federalist – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="The Federalist" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers" title="Federalist Papers – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers" title="Federalist Papers – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalista" title="Federalista – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Federalista" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Federalista" title="O Federalista – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="O Federalista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers" title="Federalist Papers – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Федералист – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Федералист" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers" title="Federalist Papers – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listy_federalistov" title="Listy federalistov – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Listy federalistov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalisti%C4%8Dni_spisi" title="Federalistični spisi – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Federalistični spisi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Списи федералиста – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Списи федералиста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers" title="Federalist Papers – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Federalist Papers" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Yaz%C4%B1lar" title="Federalist Yazılar – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Federalist Yazılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Федераліст – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Федераліст" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858036#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" 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href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="美国宪法历史">制定美国宪法的过程</a>中所写作的有关<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法">美国宪法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" title="联邦制">联邦制</a>度的评论文章的合集，共收有85篇文章。这个集合直到20世纪才被普遍称为《联邦党人文集》。此書主要对美国宪法和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="美国政府">美国政府</a>的运作原理进行了剖析和阐述，是研究美国宪法的最重要的历史文献之一。 </p><p> 《联邦党人文集》的作者包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E8%BF%AA%E9%80%8A" title="詹姆斯·麦迪逊">詹姆斯·麦迪逊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="亚历山大·汉密尔顿">亚历山大·汉密尔顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%8A" title="约翰·杰伊">约翰·杰伊</a>。他们使用了<b>普布利乌斯</b>这个笔名。这个名字来源于他们所尊敬的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98" title="罗马执政官">执政官</a>Publius Valerius Publicola。麦迪逊常被后人称为美国宪法之父，并且担任了第四任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国总统">美国总统</a>。汉密尔顿是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E5%AE%AA%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="美国制宪会议">宪法会议</a>中非常有影响力的一位代表，并成为美国首任财政部长。约翰·杰伊则是美国首任<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="联邦最高法院">联邦最高法院</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="首席大法官">首席大法官</a>。在文集中，大多数文章是由汉密尔顿执笔的，麦迪逊也对文集做出了重大的贡献，而杰伊因为患病，只写了5篇文章。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style></p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#cedeff;">联邦党人文集</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Federalist_(1st_ed,_1788,_vol_I,_title_page)_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/The_Federalist_%281st_ed%2C_1788%2C_vol_I%2C_title_page%29_-_02.jpg/220px-The_Federalist_%281st_ed%2C_1788%2C_vol_I%2C_title_page%29_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/The_Federalist_%281st_ed%2C_1788%2C_vol_I%2C_title_page%29_-_02.jpg/330px-The_Federalist_%281st_ed%2C_1788%2C_vol_I%2C_title_page%29_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/The_Federalist_%281st_ed%2C_1788%2C_vol_I%2C_title_page%29_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">《联邦党人文集》一个早期版本的封面</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">作者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="亚历山大·汉密尔顿">亚历山大·汉密尔顿</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16324495" class="extiw" title="d:Q16324495">论文集</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47461344" class="extiw" title="d:Q47461344">書面作品</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="期刊">期刊</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英語</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cedeff;;">發行信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131150192" class="extiw" title="d:Q131150192">John McLean & Company</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版時間</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1788年3月22日、1788年5月28日 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858036?uselang=zh#P577" title="编辑维基数据"><img alt="编辑维基数据" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版地點</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美國</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cedeff;;">系列作品</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">85篇</td></tr></tbody></table><p>这些文章的前77篇在1787年10月至1788年4月间分期刊登在《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="独立报">独立报</a>》、《纽约郵報》（<i>New York Packet</i>）和《每日广告》（<i>The Daily Advertiser</i>）上。<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 这77篇文章和其他八篇的汇编以两卷形式于1788年3月和5月由出版商J. & A. McLean出版，标题为《<b>联邦党人：一组文章，支持1787年9月17日联邦大会通过的新宪法</b>》（<i><b>The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787</b></i>），<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Citycyclopedia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 最后的八篇文章（第78-85篇）于1788年6月14日至8月16日间在纽约报纸上重新发表。《联邦党人》的作者意图是影响选民<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%87%86" title="批准">批准</a>宪法。在《联邦党人》第1篇中，他们明确将这场<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%AF%E8%AB%96" title="辯論">辩论</a>放在广泛的政治背景下：</p><blockquote><p>人们经常评论说，决定这个重要问题似乎已经由这个国家的人民通过他们的行为和榜样来决定了，那就是，人类社会究竟是否真的能够通过思考和选择建立良好的政府，或者他们是否永远注定要依靠偶然和武力来决定他们的政治体制。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>在《联邦党人》第10篇中，麦迪逊讨论了防止<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B8%E4%BA%BA%E6%9A%B4%E6%94%BF" title="多數人暴政">多数派派系暴政</a>的手段，并倡导一个大规模的商业<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制">共和国</a>。这在《联邦党人》第14篇中得到了补充，麦迪逊在这篇文章中审视了美国的情况，宣称这对于一个扩展的共和国来说是合适的，并以一种令人难忘的方式为联邦大会的宪法和政治创造力进行了辩护。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在《联邦党人》第84篇中，汉密尔顿认为没有必要通过增加《美利坚合众国权利法案》来修正宪法，坚持认为在拟议的宪法中保护自由的各种规定相当于「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="权利法案">权利法案</a>」。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 《联邦党人》第78篇，也是汉密尔顿所写，奠定了联邦法院对联邦立法或行政行为进行<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%86%E6%A0%B8" title="司法覆核">司法审查</a>的基础。《联邦党人》第70篇提出了汉密尔顿关于一位首席执行官的论点。在《联邦党人》第39篇中，麦迪逊提出了被称为「<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="联邦主义">联邦主义</a>」的概念的最清晰的阐述。在《联邦党人》第51篇中，麦迪逊对于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="權力分立">制衡政府</a>的论点进行了精炼的阐述，这篇文章经常因为其对政府作为「对人类本性的所有反思中最伟大的一篇」的理由而被引用。根据历史学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7G%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="理查德·G·莫里斯">理查德·B·莫里斯</a>的说法，《联邦党人文集》中的文章是「对宪法的无与伦比的阐释，在政治科学上是美国后来任何作家的作品所无法匹敌的」。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1788年6月21日，《联邦党人文集》被最低限度的九个州根据第七条款的要求批准。到1788年7月底，有十一个州批准了新宪法，新政府的组织工作开始了。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="起因"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E5.9B.A0"></span>起因</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：起因"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alexander_Hamilton_2020.jpg/330px-Alexander_Hamilton_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alexander_Hamilton_2020.jpg/495px-Alexander_Hamilton_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alexander_Hamilton_2020.jpg/660px-Alexander_Hamilton_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><center>联邦党人文集的最主要作者:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="亚历山大·汉密尔顿">亚历山大·汉密尔顿</a></center></figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="美国司法会议">美國憲法會議</a>（Federal Convention）將擬議的憲法提交給<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="邦聯國會">邦聯國會</a>，後者於1787年9月底將其提交給各州進行批准。1787年9月27日，「加圖」（Cato）首次出現在紐約報紙上，批評這一提議；「布魯圖斯」（Brutus）則於1787年10月18日發表。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>這些以及其他批評新憲法的文章和公開信件最終被稱為「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%80%85%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反聯邦主義者文集（页面不存在）">反聯邦主義者文集</a>」（Anti-Federalist Papers）。作為回應，亞歷山大·漢密爾頓決定向<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">紐約州</a>人民發起對擬議憲法的有節制的辯護和廣泛解釋。他在《聯邦黨人文集》第1號中寫道，該系列將「試圖對出現的所有反對意見作出滿意的回答，這些意見可能會引起您的關注。」<sup id="cite_ref-EarlAmerWrit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EarlAmerWrit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>漢密爾頓招募了該項目的合作者。他徵召了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%8A" title="约翰·杰伊">約翰·傑伊</a>，後者在撰寫了四篇文章（《聯邦黨人文集》第2、3、4和5號）後生病了，只又貢獻了一篇文章《聯邦黨人文集》第64號。傑伊還在1788年春天將自己的案件浓缩成小册子《紐約州人民致辭》（An Address to the People of the State of New-York）；<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 漢密爾頓在《聯邦黨人文集》第85號中表示贊同。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E8%BF%AA%E9%80%8A" title="詹姆斯·麦迪逊">詹姆斯·麥迪遜</a>作為弗吉尼亞州代表出席邦聯國會，受漢密爾頓和傑伊之邀成為漢密爾頓的主要合作者。考慮邀請的另外兩位是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="古弗尼尔·莫里斯">古弗尼尔·莫里斯</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·杜爾（页面不存在）">威廉·杜爾</a>。然而，莫里斯拒絕了邀請，漢密爾頓拒絕了杜爾寫的三篇文章。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 杜爾後來以「菲洛-普布利烏斯」（Philo-Publius）的名義支持這三位聯邦主義者作者，這個名字的意思是「人民的朋友」或「漢密爾頓的朋友」，這是根據漢密爾頓的筆名“普布利烏斯”來說的。 </p><p>漢密爾頓選擇了化名「普布利烏斯」。雖然許多代表憲法辯論雙方的其他文章都是以羅馬名字寫的，但歷史學家阿爾伯特·弗特朗格勒認為，「普布利烏斯」比「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E6%92%92" title="尤利烏斯·凱撒">凱撒</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF" title="马尔库斯·尤利乌斯·布鲁图斯">布魯圖斯</a>」甚至是「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%9B%BE" title="小加图">加圖</a>」都要高一等。<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%B8%83%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E7%BB%B4%E5%8E%84%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%9B%96%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF" title="普布利乌斯·弗莱维厄斯·维盖提乌斯·雷纳特斯">普布利烏斯·瓦萊里烏斯</a>（Publius Valerius）幫助建立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬共和國">古羅馬共和國</a>。他更有名的名字，普布利寇拉（Publicola），意思是「人民的朋友」。<sup id="cite_ref-Furtwangler1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furtwangler1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 漢密爾頓在1778年將這個假名用於三封信中，他在信中攻擊了同盟聯邦主義者<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%94%A1%E6%96%AF" title="塞缪尔·蔡斯">塞繆爾·蔡斯</a>，並透露了蔡斯利用在國會獲得的知識試圖控制麵粉市場的事實。<sup id="cite_ref-Furtwangler1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furtwangler1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="作者"><span id=".E4.BD.9C.E8.80.85"></span>作者</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：作者"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Madison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/James_Madison.jpg/220px-James_Madison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/James_Madison.jpg/330px-James_Madison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/James_Madison.jpg/440px-James_Madison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2465" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯·麥迪遜">詹姆斯·麥迪遜</a>，漢密爾頓的主要合作者，後來成為美國第四任總統（1809-1817）</figcaption></figure> <p>在發表時，《聯邦黨人文集》的作者試圖隱藏自己的身份，因為漢密爾頓和麥迪遜曾參加過會議。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>然而，敏銳的觀察者正確地識別出了漢密爾頓、麥迪遜和傑伊的身份。確定構成《聯邦黨人文集》的文章的作者真實性並不總是清楚的。在漢密爾頓於1804年去世後，出現了一份清單，聲稱他獨自撰寫了《聯邦黨人文集》的三分之二。一些人認為其中幾篇文章是由麥迪遜寫的（第49至58號和第62至63號）。1944年，學者道格拉斯·艾黛爾進行了學術研究，提出了以下作者歸屬的假設，1964年通過對文本的電腦分析得到證實：<sup id="cite_ref-MostellerWallace2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MostellerWallace2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>亞歷山大·漢密爾頓（51篇文章：第1號，第6-9號，第11-13號，第15-17號，第21-36號，第59-61號，和第65-85號）</li> <li>詹姆斯·麥迪遜（29篇文章：第10號，第14號，第18-20號，<sup id="cite_ref-three_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-three-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>第37-58號和第62-63號）</li> <li>約翰·傑伊（5篇文章：第2-5號和第64號）。</li></ul> <p>在六個月的時間裡，這三位男士共寫了85篇文章。漢密爾頓曾是1780年代全國憲法改革的主要倡導者，並且是1789年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E5%AE%AA%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="美利坚合众国制宪会议">制憲會議</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="纽约州">紐約州</a>的三位代表之一，於1789年成為首任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="美國財政部長">美國財政部長</a>，並在1795年辭職。麥迪遜現在被公認為是憲法之父，盡管他在有生之年多次拒絕這一榮譽，他成為了維吉尼亞州（1789-1797年）的美國眾議院的主要成員，並擔任國務卿（1801-1809年），最終成為美國第四任總統（1809-1817年）。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>約翰·傑伊曾於1784年至1789年間擔任<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B" title="邦联条例">邦聯條款</a>下的外交事務秘書，於1789年成為首位<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="美國首席大法官">美國首席大法官</a>，並於1795年辭職接受紐約州州長的選舉，擔任兩個任期，並於1801年退休。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="出版"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E7.89.88"></span>出版</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：出版"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Advertisement_of_The_Federalist_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/An_Advertisement_of_The_Federalist_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16960.jpg/220px-An_Advertisement_of_The_Federalist_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/An_Advertisement_of_The_Federalist_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16960.jpg/330px-An_Advertisement_of_The_Federalist_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/An_Advertisement_of_The_Federalist_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16960.jpg/440px-An_Advertisement_of_The_Federalist_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>《聯邦黨人文集》書籍版的廣告</figcaption></figure> <p>《聯邦黨人文集》的文章出現在三份紐約報紙上：《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獨立期刊（页面不存在）">獨立期刊</a>》、《紐約郵報》和《每日廣告》上，始於1787年10月27日。雖然這些文章是倉促寫作和發表的，但它們被廣泛閱讀，並對美國政治制度的形成產生了巨大影響。<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica2007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 漢密爾頓、麥迪遜和傑伊以極快的速度發表了這些文章。有時，普布利烏斯在一周內就在報紙上發表了三到四篇新文章。蓋瑞·威爾斯觀察到這種快節奏的產出“壓倒了”任何可能的回應：“誰能在足夠的時間內回答這樣一系列的論點呢？而且根本沒有給予足夠的時間。”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 漢密爾頓還鼓勵在紐約州以外的報紙上轉載這些文章，事實上，它們在其他一些正在進行批准辯論的州也被刊登。然而，在紐約州以外它們的刊登並不規律，在美國其他地方它們常常被當地作家所掩蓋。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由於這些文章最初是在紐約發表的，因此其中大多數文章都以相同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E5%80%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="問候語">問候語</a>開頭：“給紐約州人民”。 </p><p>對這些文章的高需求導致它們以更永久的形式出版。1788年1月1日，紐約出版公司J.＆A.麥克林宣布他們將將前36篇文章出版為一冊的卷子；該卷於1788年3月22日發行，名為《聯邦黨人文集》第1卷。<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 新的文章繼續在報紙上出現；聯邦主義者文集第77號是最後一篇以這種形式首次出現的文章，於4月2日發表。第二個卷於5月28日發行，包含第37至77號聯邦主義者文集以及之前未發表的第78至85號。<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 最後的八篇論文（第78至85號）於1788年6月14日至8月16日之間在紐約報紙上重新發表。<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd2_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica2007_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1792年的法文版結束了普布利烏斯的集體匿名，宣稱該作品是由“紐約州的公民漢密爾頓、麥迪遜和蓋伊”撰寫的。<sup id="cite_ref-Emerson1977_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emerson1977-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1802年，喬治·霍普金斯發表了一本美國版，同樣冠名作者。霍普金斯也希望“每篇文章的作者名稱都應該在前面加上”，但在這個時候漢密爾頓堅持不這樣做，這三位作者之間的文章分配保持了秘密。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>第一本將論文這樣分類的出版物是1810年的版本，該版本使用了漢密爾頓留下的清單來將作者與他們的編號相關聯；這個版本出現 </p><p>在編輯為漢密爾頓的著作的兩卷中。 1818年，雅各布·吉迪恩發表了一個新版本，其中包含根據麥迪遜提供的清單進行的新作者名單。漢密爾頓的清單和麥迪遜的清單之間的差異成為了一場關於十幾篇論文作者的爭議的基礎。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>霍普金斯和吉迪恩的版本都對論文本身進行了重大編輯，通常獲得了作者的批准。 1863年，亨利·道森發表了<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Federalist_(Dawson)" class="extiw" title="s:The Federalist (Dawson)">一個版本</a>，其中包含了論文的原始文本，他認為這些文本應該按照它們在歷史上特定的時刻被撰寫的方式來保留，而不是按照多年後作者的編輯來保留。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>現代學者通常使用雅各布·E·庫克於1961年編輯的《聯邦黨人文集》文本；該版本使用了報紙文本的文章編號1-76，以及麥克林版本的文章編號77-85。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="有爭議的論文"><span id=".E6.9C.89.E7.88.AD.E8.AD.B0.E7.9A.84.E8.AB.96.E6.96.87"></span>有爭議的論文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：有爭議的論文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Jay_(Gilbert_Stuart_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg/220px-John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg/330px-John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg/440px-John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="3004" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%8A" title="约翰·杰伊">約翰·傑伊</a>，《聯邦黨人文集》的五篇文章的作者，後來成為美國首位首席大法官</figcaption></figure> <p>雖然對於《聯邦黨人文集》的73篇論文的作者是相當確定的，但有些學者對於其餘的十二篇論文的作者身份存在爭議。現代的共識是，麥迪遜寫了49至58號論文，而18至20號論文是他和漢密爾頓合作的成果；64號論文是由約翰·傑伊寫的。關於哪篇文章屬於誰的第一次公開指定是由漢密爾頓提供的，在他與<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BE%99%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94" title="阿龙·伯尔">亞倫·伯爾</a>最終致命的槍戰之前的幾天，他向他的律師提供了一份詳細列出每一篇論文作者的清單。這份清單把63篇論文全部歸功於漢密爾頓（其中三篇與麥迪遜共同撰寫），幾乎占了全部的四分之三，並被用作1810年首次對論文進行具體歸屬的印刷品的基礎。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>麥迪遜並沒有立即對漢密爾頓的清單提出異議，但為1818年吉迪恩版的《聯邦黨人文集》提供了自己的清單。麥迪遜為自己聲稱了29篇論文，並建議兩份清單之間的差異“無疑是由於[漢密爾頓]的備忘錄匆忙製作的。”漢密爾頓清單中的一個已知錯誤──漢密爾頓將54號論文錯誤地歸因於約翰·傑伊，而實際上，這是傑伊寫的第64號──提供了一些證據支持麥迪遜的建議。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>已進行了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="文体学">文體分析</a>，試圖準確辨認每篇個別論文的作者。通過檢查詞選和寫作風格，研究通常一致認為有爭議的論文是由詹姆斯·麥迪遜寫的。然而，也有明顯的例外，認為現在廣泛歸因於麥迪遜的一些論文實際上是合作成果。<sup id="cite_ref-MostellerWallace20122_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MostellerWallace20122-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fung_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fung-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="對於憲法批准辯論的影響"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E6.96.BC.E6.86.B2.E6.B3.95.E6.89.B9.E5.87.86.E8.BE.AF.E8.AB.96.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>對於憲法批准辯論的影響</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：對於憲法批准辯論的影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《聯邦黨人文集》的撰寫是為了支持憲法的批准，特別是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約州">紐約州</a>。他們是否成功達成這一目標還是值得懷疑的。每個州都進行了獨立的批准程序，這些文章在紐約州之外並未得到可靠的再版；此外，當這一系列文章進行得有聲有色時，一些重要的州已經批准了憲法，例如賓夕法尼亞州於12月12日。紐約州一直持續到7月26日；無疑，<i>聯邦主義者文集</i>在那裡比任何其他地方都更加重要，但弗特万格勒認為它“幾乎無法與批准辯論中的其他主要力量相提並論”——具體而言，這些力量包括著名聯邦主義者的個人影響力，例如漢密爾頓和傑伊，以及反對聯邦主義者，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF" title="乔治·克林顿">喬治·克林頓</a>州長。<sup id="cite_ref-Furt21_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furt21-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 此外，當紐約州進行投票時，已經有十個州批准了憲法，因此它已經通過了——只有九個州需要批准才能建立新政府；第十個州弗吉尼亞州的批准給紐約州帶來了壓力。在這種情況下，弗特万格勒觀察到，“紐約州的拒絕會使該州成為一個奇怪的局外人。”<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>只有19位聯邦主義者當選為紐約州的批准大會代表，而反對聯邦主義者則有46位代表。雖然紐約州確實於7月26日批准了憲法，但對於支持憲法的聯邦主義者缺乏公眾支持，使歷史學家約翰·卡明斯基認為《聯邦黨人文集》對紐約市民的影響“微乎其微”。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>至於弗吉尼亞州，它只在於6月25日的大會上批准了憲法，漢密爾頓在一封給麥迪遜的信中寫道，已將《聯邦黨人文集》的匯編版寄給了弗吉尼亞州；弗特万格勒推測這是作為該處大會的“辯論手冊”，儘管他聲稱這種間接影響力是一種“可疑的榮譽”。<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 然而，在弗吉尼亞州辯論中更重要的可能是乔治·华盛顿對提案憲法的支持，以及麥迪遜和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BC%A6%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB" title="埃德蒙·伦道夫">埃德蒙·伦道夫</a>，即州長，在辯論中爭取批准。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="司法上的运用和解释"><span id=".E5.8F.B8.E6.B3.95.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E8.BF.90.E7.94.A8.E5.92.8C.E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8A"></span>司法上的运用和解释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：司法上的运用和解释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在美国的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="司法">司法</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" title="审判">审判</a>实践中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" title="法官">法官</a>们经常将《联邦党人文集》作为关于美国宪法制定当初的起草过程的立法资料来使用。但是，在宪法解释过程中对联邦党人文集的尊重程度也遭到了很多非议。早在1819年，大法官<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·马歇尔">约翰·马歇尔</a>就在著名的麦卡洛诉<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E" title="马里兰州">马里兰州</a>一案的判决书中指出，“该文集的作者所表达的观点在宪法解释中的作用应该得到人们极大的尊敬。这些作品的价值是不可超越的。但是，在把作者们的观点运用于我们的政府运作的实际问题的时候，法官必须保留对其修正适用的权利。” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对权利法案的抵制"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E6.9D.83.E5.88.A9.E6.B3.95.E6.A1.88.E7.9A.84.E6.8A.B5.E5.88.B6"></span>对权利法案的抵制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：对权利法案的抵制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>联邦党人文集（尤其是第84号文）以反对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="美国权利法案">权利法案</a>而著称。在宪法中加入权利法案这一想法，从一开始就饱受争议。因为宪法并不通过列举具体的权利来保护人民，因此一旦这样的法案通过，人们会害怕这反而会成为人民权利的限制。然而，权利法案的支持者们指出，一份人民权利的列表并不应该被理解为是绝对完整的，它只是列举了人权中最为重要的一些权利，而并不包括所有人所应该拥有的权利。当然，持有这种观点的人都认为司法权力将在实践中扩张性地解释权利法案。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="后世评价"><span id=".E5.90.8E.E4.B8.96.E8.AF.84.E4.BB.B7"></span>后世评价</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：后世评价"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>这些文章在此后的二百年里成了法学家和历史学家的必修课，到2000年为止，《联邦党人文集》里的观点已经被联邦最高法院在判决书中引用了291次。它对后世的影响源远流长。一位学者说：“ 它对宪法的解释无与伦比，不管从广度还是深度上说，这部经典政治学著作无法被超越。”美国前总统<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" title="西奥多·罗斯福">西奥多·罗斯福</a>说：“它是一本现实政治的最好教材。” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中文译本"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E6.96.87.E8.AF.91.E6.9C.AC"></span>中文译本</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：中文译本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《联邦党人文集》，程逢和、在汉、舒逊译，1980年，商务印书馆</li> <li>《联邦论》，謝淑斐，2006年，左岸文化</li> <li>《联邦论：美国宪法述评》，尹宣，2010年，译林出版社</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联邦党人文集文章列表（页面不存在）">联邦党人文集文章列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反联邦党人文集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anti-Federalist Papers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反联邦党人文集（页面不存在）">反联邦党人文集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Federalist_Papers" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Federalist Papers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anti-Federalist Papers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adair, Douglass. <i>Fame and the Founding Fathers.</i> Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1974. <small>A collection of essays; that used here is "The Disputed Federalist Papers."</small></li> <li>Furtwangler, Albert. <i>The Authority of Publius: A Reading of the Federalist Papers</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1984.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拓展书目"><span id=".E6.8B.93.E5.B1.95.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>拓展书目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：拓展书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dietze, Gottfried. <i>The Federalist: A Classic on Federalism and Free Government</i>, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1960.</li> <li>Epstein, David F. <i>The Political Theory of the Federalist</i>, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984.</li> <li>Gray, Leslie, and Wynell Burroughs. "Teaching With Documents: Ratification of the Constitution," <i>Social Education</i>, 51 (1987): 322-324.</li> <li>Kessler, Charles R. <i>Saving the Revolution: The Federalist Papers and the American Founding</i>, New York: 1987.</li> <li>Patrick, John J., and Clair W. Keller. <i>Lessons on the Federalist Papers: Supplements to High School Courses in American History, Government and Civics</i>, Bloomington, IN: Organization of American Historians in association with ERIC/ChESS, 1987. ED 280 764.</li> <li>Schechter, Stephen L. <i>Teaching about American Federal Democracy</i>, Philadelphia: Center for the Study of Federalism at Temple University, 1984. ED 248 161.</li> <li>Yarbrough, Jean. "The Federalist". <i>This Constitution: A Bicentennial Chronicle</i>, 16 (1987): 4-9. SO 018 489.</li> <li>Webster, Mary E. <i>The Federalist Papers: In Modern Language Indexed for Today's Political Issues.</i> Bellevue, WA.: Merril Press, 1999.</li> <li>White, Morton. <i>Philosophy, The Federalist, and the Constitution</i>, New York: 1987.</li> <li>Wills, Gary. <i>Explaining America: The Federalist</i>, Garden City, NJ: 1981.</li> <li>Wills, Gary. <i>The Federalist Papers: By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay</i>, New York: Bantam Book, 1982.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050902050219/http://www2.zzu.edu.cn/lawc/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=105">论联邦党人文集的宪政智慧（中文）</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050831012507/http://paper.studa.com/2003/9-22/2003922114059.html">民主·宪政·美德——《联邦論》的“共和”概念（中文）</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051128011157/http://speaker.house.gov/library/texts/federalist/default.asp">美国白宫网站内文集全文（英文）</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/federalist.html">美国国会图书馆对联邦党人文集的介绍（英文）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210216185025/http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/federalist.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18">古登堡工程内文集全文（英文）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090924160235/http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-928/papers.htm">联邦論授课指南</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210424115158/http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-928/papers.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/fed.asp">耶鲁大学法学院联邦党人文集全文（英文）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111222165104/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/fed.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1" title="美国宪法第五条">第Ⅴ条</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%9D%A1" title="美国宪法第六条">第Ⅵ条</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%9D%A1" title="美国宪法第七条">第Ⅶ条</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法修正案">修正案</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">批准</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="美国权利法案">权利法案</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第一修正案">第1修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第二修正案">第2修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第三修正案">第3修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第四修正案">第4修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第五修正案">第5修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第六修正案">第6修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第七修正案">第7修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第八修正案">第8修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第九修正案">第9修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第十修正案">第10修正案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1795年－1804年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第十一修正案">第11修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第十二修正案">第12修正案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="重建修正案">重建修正案</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第十三修正案">第13修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第十四修正案">第14修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第十五修正案">第15修正案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第十六修正案">第16修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第十七修正案">第17修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第十八修正案">第18修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第十九修正案">第19修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第二十修正案">第20修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第二十一修正案">第21修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第二十二修正案">第22修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第二十三修正案">第23修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第二十四修正案">第24修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第二十五修正案">第25修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第二十六修正案">第26修正案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美國憲法第二十七修正案">第27修正案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">待定</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国会席位分配修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Congressional Apportionment Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国会席位分配修正案（页面不存在）">国会席位分配修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Apportionment_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Congressional Apportionment Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Congressional Apportionment Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="贵族头衔修正案">贵族头衔修正案</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科温修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Corwin Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%B8%A9%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科温修正案（页面不存在）">科温修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corwin_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Corwin Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Corwin Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="童工修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Child Labor Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%A5%E5%B7%A5%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="童工修正案（页面不存在）">童工修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Labor_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Child Labor Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Child Labor Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">过期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="平等权利修正案">平等权利修正案</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哥伦比亚特区投票权修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E6%9D%83%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥伦比亚特区投票权修正案（页面不存在）">哥伦比亚特区投票权修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Voting_Rights_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国宪法拟议修正案列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%9F%E8%AE%AE%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国宪法拟议修正案列表（页面不存在）">拟议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proposed_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" class="extiw" title="en:List of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="平衡预算修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Balanced budget amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E9%A2%84%E7%AE%97%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平衡预算修正案（页面不存在）">平衡预算修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_budget_amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Balanced budget amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Balanced budget amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布莱恩修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blaine Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布莱恩修正案（页面不存在）">布莱恩修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Blaine Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blaine Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布瑞克修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bricker Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布瑞克修正案（页面不存在）">布瑞克修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Bricker Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bricker Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="竞选财务改革修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Campaign finance reform amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%9E%E9%80%89%E8%B4%A2%E5%8A%A1%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="竞选财务改革修正案（页面不存在）">竞选财务改革修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Campaign finance reform amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Campaign finance reform amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christian amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教修正案（页面不存在）">基督教修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Christian amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christian amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里特登妥协" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crittenden Compromise"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E7%99%BB%E5%A6%A5%E5%8D%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里特登妥协（页面不存在）">克里特登妥协</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" class="extiw" title="en:Crittenden Compromise"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crittenden Compromise</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="废除选举人团修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electoral College abolition amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%9F%E9%99%A4%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A2%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="废除选举人团修正案（页面不存在）">废除选举人团修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_abolition_amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Electoral College abolition amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electoral College abolition amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="执政平等机会修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E6%9C%BA%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="执政平等机会修正案（页面不存在）">执政平等机会修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Opportunity_to_Govern_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联邦婚姻修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Federal Marriage Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联邦婚姻修正案（页面不存在）">联邦婚姻修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Federal Marriage Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Federal Marriage Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E4%BA%B5%E6%B8%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="禁止亵渎国旗修正案">禁止亵渎国旗修正案</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人类生命修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Human Life Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人类生命修正案（页面不存在）">人类生命修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Life_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Human Life Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Human Life Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卢德罗修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ludlow Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢德罗修正案（页面不存在）">卢德罗修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Ludlow Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ludlow Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亲权修正案 (美国宪法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%B2%E6%9D%83%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亲权修正案 (美国宪法)（页面不存在）">亲权修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_Rights_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" class="extiw" title="en:Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由修正案 (美国宪法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由修正案 (美国宪法)（页面不存在）">自由修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_%22Liberty%22_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" class="extiw" title="en:Proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proposed "Liberty" Amendment to the United States Constitution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="学校祈祷修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="School Prayer Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="学校祈祷修正案（页面不存在）">学校祈祷修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_Prayer_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:School Prayer Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">School Prayer Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="单一主题修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Single subject amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单一主题修正案（页面不存在）">单一主题修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_subject_amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Single subject amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Single subject amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="受害者权利修正案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Victims' Rights Amendment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%B3%E8%80%85%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="受害者权利修正案（页面不存在）">受害者权利修正案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victims%27_Rights_Amendment" class="extiw" title="en:Victims' Rights Amendment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Victims' Rights Amendment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">形成</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="美国宪法历史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B" title="邦联条例">邦联条例</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%86%9C%E5%B1%B1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="弗农山会议">弗农山会议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0_(1786%E5%B9%B4)" title="安納波利斯會議 (1786年)">安纳波利斯会议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E5%AE%AA%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="美利坚合众国制宪会议">费城会议</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="弗吉尼亚方案">弗吉尼亚方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="新泽西方案">新泽西方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E5%A6%A5%E5%8D%8F" title="康涅狄格妥协">康涅狄格妥协</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%88%86%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%89%E5%A6%A5%E5%8D%8F" title="五分之三妥协">五分之三妥协</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="细节委员会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Committee of Detail"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%8A%82%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="细节委员会（页面不存在）">细节委员会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Detail" class="extiw" title="en:Committee of Detail"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Committee of Detail</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AD%BE%E7%BD%B2%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美利坚合众国宪法签署人列表">宪法签署人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8" title="美國獨立紀念館">独立厅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E6%B0%8F%E5%A2%A8%E5%8F%B0" title="辛氏墨台">辛氏墨台</a></li></ul></li> <li>《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">联邦党人文集</a>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反联邦党人文集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anti-Federalist Papers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反联邦党人文集（页面不存在）">反联邦党人文集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Federalist_Papers" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Federalist Papers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anti-Federalist Papers</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%A6%A5%E5%8D%8F" title="马萨诸塞妥协">马萨诸塞妥协</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗吉尼亚批准会议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virginia Ratifying Convention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%B9%E5%87%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗吉尼亚批准会议（页面不存在）">弗吉尼亚批准会议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Ratifying_Convention" class="extiw" title="en:Virginia Ratifying Convention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virginia Ratifying Convention</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纽约通函" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New York Circular Letter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E9%80%9A%E5%87%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纽约通函（页面不存在）">纽约通函</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Circular_Letter" class="extiw" title="en:New York Circular Letter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New York Circular Letter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希尔斯伯勒会议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hillsborough Convention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E5%8B%92%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希尔斯伯勒会议（页面不存在）">希尔斯伯勒会议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsborough_Convention" class="extiw" title="en:Hillsborough Convention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hillsborough Convention</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="费耶特维尔会议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fayetteville Convention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E8%80%B6%E7%89%B9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="费耶特维尔会议（页面不存在）">费耶特维尔会议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayetteville_Convention" class="extiw" title="en:Fayetteville Convention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fayetteville Convention</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗德岛批准美国宪法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B%E6%89%B9%E5%87%86%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗德岛批准美国宪法（页面不存在）">罗德岛批准</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution_by_Rhode_Island" class="extiw" title="en:Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国宪法起草与批准时间线" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E8%B5%B7%E8%8D%89%E4%B8%8E%E6%89%B9%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国宪法起草与批准时间线（页面不存在）">起草与批准时间线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国宪法条款列表">条款</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="任命条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Appointments Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%BB%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="任命条款（页面不存在）">任命</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appointments_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Appointments Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Appointments Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%A5%E6%AC%BE%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="撥款法案 (美國)">拨款</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E5%8D%8F%E5%8A%A9%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="律师协助条款">律师协助</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="案件或争议条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Case or Controversy Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%88%E4%BB%B6%E6%88%96%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="案件或争议条款（页面不存在）">案件或争议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_or_Controversy_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Case or Controversy Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Case or Controversy Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="公民权条款">公民权</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商业条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Commerce Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商业条款（页面不存在）">商业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Commerce Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Commerce Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1#第3节：船税、军队和盟约" title="美国宪法第一条">盟约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="强制程序条款">强制程序</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对质条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Confrontation Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E8%B4%A8%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对质条款（页面不存在）">对质</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confrontation_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Confrontation Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Confrontation Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国会执法权" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Congressional power of enforcement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E6%89%A7%E6%B3%95%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国会执法权（页面不存在）">执法权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" class="extiw" title="en:Congressional power of enforcement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Congressional power of enforcement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="契约条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Contract Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%91%E7%BA%A6%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="契约条款（页面不存在）">契约</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Contract Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Contract Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="版权条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Copyright Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="版权条款（页面不存在）">版权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Copyright Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Copyright Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双重追诉条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Double Jeopardy Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%87%8D%E8%BF%BD%E8%AF%89%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双重追诉条款（页面不存在）">双重追诉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Jeopardy_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Double Jeopardy Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Double Jeopardy Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="正当法律程序条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Due Process Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E5%BD%93%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正当法律程序条款（页面不存在）">正当法律程序</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Due Process Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Due Process Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1#第1节：选举时间、地点的确定方式" title="美国宪法第一条">选举</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%A2%9D%E6%AC%BE" title="平等保護條款">平等保护</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="政教分离条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Establishment Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政教分离条款（页面不存在）">政教分离</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishment_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Establishment Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Establishment Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%9D%A1" title="美国宪法第三条">免责</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="额外保释条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Excessive Bail Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%9D%E5%A4%96%E4%BF%9D%E9%87%8A%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="额外保释条款（页面不存在）">额外保释</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excessive_Bail_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Excessive Bail Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Excessive Bail Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%BD%E6%BA%AF%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" title="追溯法令">追溯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="引渡条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extradition Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E6%B8%A1%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="引渡条款（页面不存在）">引渡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extradition_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Extradition Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extradition Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由信仰条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free Exercise Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由信仰条款（页面不存在）">信仰自由</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Free Exercise Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free Exercise Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88" title="美国宪法第一修正案">言论自由</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="逃亡奴隶条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fugitive Slave Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%83%E4%BA%A1%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逃亡奴隶条款（页面不存在）">逃亡奴隶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Fugitive Slave Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fugitive Slave Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="充分信任和尊重条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Full Faith and Credit Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%85%E5%88%86%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%8A%E9%87%8D%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="充分信任和尊重条款（页面不存在）">充分信任和尊重</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_Faith_and_Credit_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Full Faith and Credit Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Full Faith and Credit Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="税收与支出条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Taxing and Spending Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%87%BA%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="税收与支出条款（页面不存在）">公共福利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Taxing and Spending Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Taxing and Spending Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="担保条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guarantee Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%85%E4%BF%9D%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="担保条款（页面不存在）">担保</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarantee_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Guarantee Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guarantee Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国弹劾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Impeachment in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%B9%E5%8A%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国弹劾（页面不存在）">弹劾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Impeachment in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Impeachment in the United States</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进出口条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Import-Export Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进出口条款（页面不存在）">进出口</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Import-Export_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Import-Export Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Import-Export Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无资格条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ineligibility Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E8%B5%84%E6%A0%BC%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无资格条款（页面不存在）">无资格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineligibility_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Ineligibility Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ineligibility Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1#第八款：国会权力" title="美国宪法第一条">民兵</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然出生公民条款 (美国)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然出生公民条款 (美国)（页面不存在）">自然出生公民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="必要与适当条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Necessary and Proper Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%8E%E9%80%82%E5%BD%93%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="必要与适当条款（页面不存在）">必要与适当</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Necessary and Proper Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Necessary and Proper Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加入联邦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Admission to the Union"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加入联邦（页面不存在）">新州</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Admission to the Union"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Admission to the Union</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不宗教检验条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="No Religious Test Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不宗教检验条款（页面不存在）">不宗教检验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Religious_Test_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:No Religious Test Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">No Religious Test Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%B0%B1%E8%81%B7%E5%AE%A3%E8%AA%93" title="美國總統就職宣誓">宣誓或声明</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="始创条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Origination Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%8B%E5%88%9B%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="始创条款（页面不存在）">始创</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origination_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Origination Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Origination Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6" title="美国总统特赦">特赦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88#集會及請願自由" title="美国宪法第一修正案">请愿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="邮政条款">邮政</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="呈送条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Presentment Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%88%E9%80%81%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="呈送条款（页面不存在）">呈送</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentment_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Presentment Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Presentment Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%B9%BC%E4%BB%BB%E9%A0%86%E5%BA%8F" title="美國總統繼任順序">总统继任</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特权与豁免条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Privileges and Immunities Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%8E%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特权与豁免条款（页面不存在）">特权与豁免</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileges_and_Immunities_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Privileges and Immunities Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Privileges and Immunities Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特权或豁免条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Privileges or Immunities Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%9D%83%E6%88%96%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特权或豁免条款（页面不存在）">特权或豁免</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileges_or_Immunities_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Privileges or Immunities Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Privileges or Immunities Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="休会任命" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Recess appointment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%9A%E4%BB%BB%E5%91%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="休会任命（页面不存在）">休会任命</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recess_appointment" class="extiw" title="en:Recess appointment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Recess appointment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%9D%A1#第2节：咨询和同意条款" title="美国宪法第二条">咨询与同意</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88#自证其罪" title="美國憲法第五修正案">自证其罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AE%BA%E6%88%96%E8%BE%A9%E8%AE%BA%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="言论或辩论条款">言论与辩论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="快速审理条款">快速审理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%9D%A1#第1节：国情咨文" title="美国宪法第二条">国情咨文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%AB%98%E6%A2%9D%E6%AC%BE" title="至高條款">至高</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1#第九款：对国会的限制" title="美国宪法第一条">搁置</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%9D%A1#第5节：切实执行法律" title="美国宪法第二条">注意</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%A1%88#征用条款" title="美國憲法第五修正案">征用</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="税收与支出条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Taxing and Spending Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%AF%E5%87%BA%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="税收与支出条款（页面不存在）">税收与支出</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Taxing and Spending Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Taxing and Spending Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%9D%A1#第2节：联邦领地和财产条款" title="美国宪法第四条">领地</a></li> <li>贵族头衔 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E8%96%AA%E9%85%AC%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE" title="外国薪酬条款">外国薪酬</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="缔约权条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Treaty Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%94%E7%BA%A6%E6%9D%83%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缔约权条款（页面不存在）">缔约权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Treaty Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Treaty Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="陪审团审案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jury trial"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%AA%E5%AE%A1%E5%9B%A2%E5%AE%A1%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陪审团审案（页面不存在）">陪审团审判</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_trial" class="extiw" title="en:Jury trial"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jury trial</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="背书条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vesting Clauses"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%8C%E4%B9%A6%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="背书条款（页面不存在）">背书</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesting_Clauses" class="extiw" title="en:Vesting Clauses"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vesting Clauses</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="近邻条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vicinage Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E9%82%BB%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="近邻条款（页面不存在）">近邻</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicinage_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Vicinage Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vicinage Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宣战权条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="War Powers Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A3%E6%88%98%E6%9D%83%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宣战权条款（页面不存在）">宣战权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Powers_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:War Powers Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">War Powers Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">释宪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="权利平衡 (联邦制)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Balance of power (federalism)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1_(%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="权利平衡 (联邦制)（页面不存在）">权利平衡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_power_(federalism)" class="extiw" title="en:Balance of power (federalism)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Balance of power (federalism)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="并行权力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Concurrent powers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="并行权力（页面不存在）">并行权力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_powers" class="extiw" title="en:Concurrent powers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Concurrent powers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="美国宪制法律">宪制法律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国宪制刑事诉讼程序" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United States constitutional criminal procedure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%AF%89%E8%AE%BC%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国宪制刑事诉讼程序（页面不存在）">刑事诉讼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_constitutional_criminal_procedure" class="extiw" title="en:United States constitutional criminal procedure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United States constitutional criminal procedure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国宪制量刑法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United States constitutional sentencing law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6%E9%87%8F%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国宪制量刑法（页面不存在）">刑事量刑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_constitutional_sentencing_law" class="extiw" title="en:United States constitutional sentencing law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United States constitutional sentencing law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="休眠商业条款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dormant Commerce Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%91%E7%9C%A0%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="休眠商业条款（页面不存在）">休眠商业条款</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Dormant Commerce Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dormant Commerce Clause</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="列举权力 (美国)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Enumerated powers (United States)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E4%B8%BE%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="列举权力 (美国)（页面不存在）">列举权力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumerated_powers_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:Enumerated powers (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Enumerated powers (United States)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="同等地位" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Equal footing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E7%AD%89%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同等地位（页面不存在）">同等地位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_footing" class="extiw" title="en:Equal footing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Equal footing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%9D%83" title="行政特权">行政特权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E7%A4%BA%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B" title="默示權力">默示权力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="合併原則">合并原则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E6%AC%8A" title="美國司法審查權">司法审查</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="禁止授权原则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nondelegation doctrine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禁止授权原则（页面不存在）">禁止授权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondelegation_doctrine" class="extiw" title="en:Nondelegation doctrine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nondelegation doctrine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="充分权力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plenary power"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%85%E5%88%86%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="充分权力（页面不存在）">充分权力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plenary_power" class="extiw" title="en:Plenary power"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plenary power</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E6%9D%83" title="联邦优先权">优先权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B" title="保留权力">保留权力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%AF%94%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9" title="薩克斯比修復">萨克斯比修复</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国的政教分离" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Separation of church and state in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国的政教分离（页面不存在）">政教分离</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Separation of church and state in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Separation of church and state in the United States</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" title="美國憲法中的權力分立">权力分立</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="对称联邦主义">对称联邦主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="抗税者宪法论点" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tax protester constitutional arguments"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%97%E7%A8%8E%E8%80%85%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%BA%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抗税者宪法论点（页面不存在）">征税权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_protester_constitutional_arguments" class="extiw" title="en:Tax protester constitutional arguments"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tax protester constitutional arguments</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="行政一體">行政一體</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC" title="国家档案馆大楼">国家档案馆大楼</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由宪章 (美国)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charters of Freedom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由宪章 (美国)（页面不存在）">自由宪章圆厅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" class="extiw" title="en:Charters of Freedom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charters of Freedom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="独立广场 (费城)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Independence Mall (Philadelphia)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA_(%E8%B4%B9%E5%9F%8E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独立广场 (费城)（页面不存在）">独立广场</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Mall_(Philadelphia)" class="extiw" title="en:Independence Mall (Philadelphia)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Independence Mall (Philadelphia)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宪法日 (美国)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constitution Day (United States)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%97%A5_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宪法日 (美国)（页面不存在）">宪法日</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Day_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution Day (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constitution Day (United States)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E8%8A%B1%E5%9B%AD" title="宪法花园">宪法花园</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="國家憲法中心">國家憲法中心</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%BE%E7%BD%B2%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF" title="签署美利坚合众国宪法的情景">签署美利坚合众国宪法的情景</a>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="更完美合众国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B4%E5%AE%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="更完美合众国（页面不存在）">更完美合众国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" class="extiw" title="en:A More Perfect Union (film)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">A More Perfect Union (film)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E8%99%9F%E5%B7%A1%E9%98%B2%E8%89%A6" title="憲法號巡防艦">憲法號巡防艦</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国宪法与世界影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United States Constitution and worldwide influence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国宪法与世界影响（页面不存在）">世界影响</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution_and_worldwide_influence" class="extiw" title="en:United States Constitution and worldwide influence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United States Constitution and worldwide influence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:美國">美国主题</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="Portal:法律">法律主题</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858036#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858036#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858036#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/185884818">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202673-8">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260911305171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80021463">美国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027678385">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lloyd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="zh" dir="ltr">引用错误：没有为名为<code>Lloyd</code>的参考文献提供内容</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2014jeff21562v1/?sp=11">The Federalist: a Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787, in two volumes</a> 1st. New York City: J. & A. McLean. 1788. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316213452/https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2014jeff21562v1/?sp=11">存档</a>于March 16, 2017） –通过Library of Congress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.btitle=The+Federalist%3A+a+Collection+of+Essays%2C+Written+in+Favour+of+the+New+Constitution%2C+as+Agreed+upon+by+the+Federal+Convention%2C+September+17%2C+1787%2C+in+two+volumes&rft.date=1788&rft.edition=1st&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=J.+%26+A.+McLean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fresource%2Frbc0001.2014jeff21562v1%2F%3Fsp%3D11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Citycyclopedia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Citycyclopedia_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jackson, Kenneth T. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E4BXngEACAAJ&pg=PA194">The Encyclopedia of New York City</a>. New Haven, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. 1995: 194. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-05536-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-300-05536-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-300-05536-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05536-8&rft.pages=194&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE4BXngEACAAJ%26pg%3DPA194&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/federalistpaper000alex">The Federalist Papers</a><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需要免费注册"><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantam_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantam Books（页面不存在）">Bantam Books</a>. 1982. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780553210729" title="Special:网络书源/9780553210729"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780553210729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.btitle=The+Federalist+Papers&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780553210729&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ontario%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffederalistpaper000alex&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wills, x.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hamilton, Alexander; Madison, James; Jay, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1143829765">The Federalist Papers</a>. New York City: Open Road Integrated Media. 2020. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-5040-6099-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-5040-6099-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-5040-6099-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1143829765"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 1143829765</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.au=Jay%2C+John&rft.au=Madison%2C+James&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.btitle=The+Federalist+Papers&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-5040-6099-8&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Open+Road+Integrated+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1143829765&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1143829765&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Morris, Richard B. The Forging of the Union: 1781–1789. New York City: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. 1987: 309. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0060914240" title="Special:网络书源/978-0060914240"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0060914240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.btitle=The+Forging+of+the+Union%3A+1781%E2%80%931789&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0060914240&rft.pages=309&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Madison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Madison（页面不存在）">Madison, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin, Benjamin</a>; Paterson, William; <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington">Washington, George</a>; Mason, George; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson, Thomas</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Hamilton（页面不存在）">Hamilton, Alexander</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Jay（页面不存在）">Jay, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/convention-and-ratification.html">Convention and Ratification - Creating the United States | Exhibitions - Library of Congress</a>. www.loc.gov. April 12, 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-04-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190728200315/http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/convention-and-ratification.html">存档</a>于2019-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.atitle=Convention+and+Ratification+-+Creating+the+United+States+%7C+Exhibitions+-+Library+of+Congress&rft.au=Franklin%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Jay%2C+John&rft.au=Jefferson%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Mason%2C+George&rft.au=Paterson%2C+William&rft.au=Washington%2C+George&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.date=2008-04-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fcreating-the-united-states%2Fconvention-and-ratification.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furtwangler，《<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA48">https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA48</a> 第48-49頁》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EarlAmerWrit-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EarlAmerWrit_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gunn, Giles B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OlphD37HAY4C&pg=PA540">早期美國文學</a>. 紐約市: 企鵝古典. 1994: 540. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-14-039087-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-14-039087-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-14-039087-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.aufirst=Giles+B.&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-14-039087-2&rft.pages=540&rft.place=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E4%BC%81%E9%B5%9D%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOlphD37HAY4C%26pg%3DPA540&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jay, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627012856/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/exhibitions/constitution/address/address.html">紐約州人民致辭</a>. columbia.edu. 哥倫比亞大學圖書館. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/exhibitions/constitution/address/address.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010-06-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%87%B4%E8%BE%AD&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=columbia.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Flweb%2Fdigital%2Fexhibitions%2Fconstitution%2Faddress%2Faddress.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furtwangler，《<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA51">https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA51</a> 第51-56頁》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Furtwangler1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Furtwangler1_13-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Furtwangler1_13-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Furtwangler，《<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA51">https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA51</a> 第51頁》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Barendt, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D4UyDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT54">匿名言論：文學、法律和政治</a>. 紐約市: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloomsbury_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloomsbury Publishing（页面不存在）">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. 2016: 38. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781509904075" title="Special:网络书源/9781509904075"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781509904075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Barendt&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E3%80%81%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781509904075&rft.pages=38&rft.place=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD4UyDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT54&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MostellerWallace2012-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MostellerWallace2012_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Mosteller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Mosteller（页面不存在）">Mosteller, Frederick</a>; Wallace, David L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LJXaBwAAQBAJ">應用貝葉斯和古典推斷：《聯邦主義者文集》案例</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4612-5256-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4612-5256-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4612-5256-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.au=Wallace%2C+David+L.&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft.aulast=Mosteller&rft.btitle=%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E8%B2%9D%E8%91%89%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%8E%A8%E6%96%B7%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8A%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%80%85%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86%E3%80%8B%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4612-5256-6&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLJXaBwAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-three-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-three_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="zh" dir="ltr">引用错误：没有为名为<code>three</code>的参考文献提供内容</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">參見，例如，拉爾夫·凱奇姆，《詹姆斯·麥迪遜》。紐約：麥克米蘭，1971年；重新印刷版，夏洛茨維爾：維吉尼亞大學出版社，1998年。另見歐文·N·布蘭特，《詹姆斯·麥迪遜：憲法之父，1787-1800年》。印第安納波利斯：鮑伯斯-美林，1950年。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica2007-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica2007_19-0"><sup><b>19.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica2007_19-1"><sup><b>19.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tcnL-Alo9lsC">Founding Fathers: The Essential Guide to the Men Who Made America</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-02-27</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-470-11792-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-470-11792-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-470-11792-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407002122/https://books.google.com/books?id=tcnL-Alo9lsC">存档</a>于2023-04-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.btitle=Founding+Fathers%3A+The+Essential+Guide+to+the+Men+Who+Made+America&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-470-11792-7&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtcnL-Alo9lsC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">威爾斯，xii。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furtwangler，《<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA20">https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA20</a> 第20頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lloyd2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd2_22-0"><sup><b>22.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd2_22-1"><sup><b>22.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd2_22-2"><sup><b>22.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lloyd, Gordon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teachingamericanhistory.org/ratification/federalist/">《聯邦主義者文集》介紹</a>. teachingamericanhistory.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-06-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102440/http://teachingamericanhistory.org/ratification/federalist/">存档</a>于2018-06-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%80%85%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86%E3%80%8B%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=teachingamericanhistory.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteachingamericanhistory.org%2Fratification%2Ffederalist%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emerson1977-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emerson1977_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bain, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DDvjVgAkqnAC&pg=260">The Federalist</a>. Emerson, Everett H. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanliteratu00emer/page/260">美國文學，1764-1789年：革命年代</a>. 威斯康辛大學出版社. 1977: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanliteratu00emer/page/260">260</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-299-07270-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-299-07270-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-299-07270-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.atitle=The+Federalist&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%8C1764-1789%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-299-07270-4&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E8%BE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDDvjVgAkqnAC%26pg%3D260&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">艾黛爾，40–41。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">艾黛爾，44–46。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lodge, Henry Cabot (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9S-HAAAAMAAJ">《聯邦主義者文集》，對美國憲法的評論</a>. Putnam. 1902: xxxviii–xliii <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-02-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416032436/https://books.google.com/books?id=9S-HAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2023-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.aufirst=Henry+Cabot&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%80%85%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%8C%E5%B0%8D%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96&rft.date=1902&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=xxxviii-xliii&rft.pub=Putnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9S-HAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">亞歷山大·漢密爾頓、約翰·傑伊和詹姆斯·麥迪遜（雅各布·E·庫克編，《The Federalist》（康涅狄格州：威斯理大學出版社，1961年及後再版）。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8195-6077-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8195-6077-3">978-0-8195-6077-3</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">艾黛爾，46–48。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">艾黛爾，48。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MostellerWallace20122-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MostellerWallace20122_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="zh" dir="ltr">引用错误：没有为名为<code>MostellerWallace20122</code>的参考文献提供内容</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Collins, Jeff; Kaufer, David; Vlachos, Pantelis; Butler, Brian; Ishizaki, Suguru. Detecting Collaborations in Text: Comparing the Authors' Rhetorical Language Choices in The Federalist Papers. Computers and the Humanities. February 2004, <b>38</b> (1): 15–36. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.459.8655"><span title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX 10.1.1.459.8655</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207680270"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 207680270</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3ACHUM.0000009291.06947.52"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1023/B:CHUM.0000009291.06947.52</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.atitle=Detecting+Collaborations+in+Text%3A+Comparing+the+Authors%27+Rhetorical+Language+Choices+in+The+Federalist+Papers&rft.au=Butler%2C+Brian&rft.au=Ishizaki%2C+Suguru&rft.au=Kaufer%2C+David&rft.au=Vlachos%2C+Pantelis&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.date=2004-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+the+Humanities&rft.pages=15-36&rft.volume=38&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.459.8655&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207680270&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3ACHUM.0000009291.06947.52&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fung-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fung_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fung, Glenn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~gfung/federalist.pdf">The Disputed Federalist Papers: SVM Feature Selection via Concave Minimization</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Journal of the ACM. 2003. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050417060742/http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~gfung/federalist.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2005-04-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.atitle=The+Disputed+Federalist+Papers%3A+SVM+Feature+Selection+via+Concave+Minimization&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.wisc.edu%2F~gfung%2Ffederalist.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Furt21-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Furt21_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furtwangler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA21">p. 21</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furtwangler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA22">p. 22</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Coenen, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=fac_pm">Fifteen Curious Facts about The Federalist Papers</a>. Media Commons. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-12-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115083653/http://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=fac_pm">存档</a>于2013-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.aulast=Coenen&rft.btitle=Fifteen+Curious+Facts+about+The+Federalist+Papers&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Media+Commons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.uga.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1001%26context%3Dfac_pm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Furtwangler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfWGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA23">p. 23</a>.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=联邦党人文集&oldid=81897871">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=联邦党人文集&oldid=81897871</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="Category:美国政治哲学文献">美国政治哲学文献</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D" title="Category:政治書籍">政治書籍</a></li><li><a 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