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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Christmas traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christmas_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christmas traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christmas_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li 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id="toc-Panunulúyan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panunulúyan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span><i>Panunulúyan</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panunulúyan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Christmas Day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niños_Inocentes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niños_Inocentes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span><i>Niños Inocentes</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niños_Inocentes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Year's_Eve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Year's_Eve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>New Year's Eve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Year's_Eve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three_Kings'_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three_Kings'_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Three Kings' Day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three_Kings'_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Feast of the Black Nazarene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feast_of_the_Santo_Niño" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_of_the_Santo_Niño"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Feast of the Santo Niño</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_of_the_Santo_Niño-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Feast_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Candles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Feast_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Candles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>The Feast of Our Lady of the Candles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Feast_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Candles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Decorations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Decorations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Decorations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paról" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paról"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Paról</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paról-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Belén</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caroling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caroling"> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Christmas in the Philippines">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Christmas+in+the+Philippines%22">"Christmas in the Philippines"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Christmas+in+the+Philippines%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Christmas+in+the+Philippines%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Christmas+in+the+Philippines%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Christmas+in+the+Philippines%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Christmas+in+the+Philippines%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christmas_Lights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Christmas_Lights.jpg/250px-Christmas_Lights.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Christmas_Lights.jpg/375px-Christmas_Lights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Christmas_Lights.jpg/500px-Christmas_Lights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">Parols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Christmas lights</a> on display at night. The parol is regarded as one of the most iconic and important symbols of the Filipino Christmas season.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Pasko</i>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[pɐsˈkɔʔ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/Tl-PH-Pasko.ogg\/Tl-PH-Pasko.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tl-PH-Pasko.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Tl-PH-Pasko.ogg/Tl-PH-Pasko.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tl-PH-Pasko.ogg" title="File:Tl-PH-Pasko.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a major annual celebration, as in most countries of the <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christian world</a>. It is celebrated as a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Philippines" title="Public holidays in the Philippines">public holiday in the country</a> on December 25, concurrent with <a href="/wiki/Observance_of_Christmas_by_country" title="Observance of Christmas by country">other countries</a>. </p><p>As one of the two predominantly <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country#Asia" title="Catholic Church by country">Catholic countries in Asia</a> (the other one being <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>), the Philippines celebrates the world's longest <a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas season</a> (Filipino: <i lang="fil">Kapaskuhan</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spanning what it refers to as the "ber months".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Christmas music</a> played as early as August,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the holiday season gradually begins by September, reaches its peak in December during <a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a>, and concludes within the week after <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-manila-bulletin-1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manila-bulletin-1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, festivities may last until the third Sunday of January, the feast day of the <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ceb%C3%BA" title="Santo Niño de Cebú">Santo Niño</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inquirerpop_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirerpop-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgically</a>, the Christmas season is observed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholic Church</a> from the first day of <a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a> (the fourth Sunday before Christmas)<sup id="cite_ref-business-mirror-1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-business-mirror-1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Three Kings' Day</a>, which falls on the Sunday between January 2 and 8.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_nomenclature">Etymology and nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> and most <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a>, the word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pasko#Tagalog" class="extiw" title="wikt:Pasko">paskó</a></i> commonly refers to Christmas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comes from the Spanish phrase <i>pascua de navidad</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Easter of the Nativity</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>);<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter part, <i>de navidad</i>, fell out of use, leaving the word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pascua#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:pascua">pascua</a></i> to be <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">assimilated</a> into the local languages <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">over the years</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the Spanish word <i>pascua</i> is descended from Latin <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pascha#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:pascha">pascha</a></i>, which was borrowed from Ancient Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πάσχα">πάσχα</a> (<i>páskha</i>), meaning "<a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">languages spoken in the country</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Spanish-based_creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-based creole">Spanish-based creole</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cpu_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernabeLapidSibayan2019315_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernabeLapidSibayan2019315-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Spanish-derived word <i>pascua</i> is still in use, although its spelling may vary.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a>, <i>Pasku</i> (also spelled <i>Pascu</i>), a word related to <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <i>Paskó</i>, is used.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Krismas</i>, a Filipinized rendering of the English word <i>Christmas</i>, is also used occasionally in non-formal contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>Paskó</i> serves as the root word of some Christmas-related terms,<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer-1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kapaskuhan#Tagalog" class="extiw" title="wikt:Kapaskuhan">Kapaskuhán</a></i>, the name for the Christmas season;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>namamaskó</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">caroller</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mamasko#Tagalog" class="extiw" title="wikt:mamasko">pamamaskó</a></i>, the act of caroling;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inquirer-2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>pamaskó</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift" title="Christmas gift">Christmas gift</a> or present;<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer-1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inquirer-2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>pampaskó</i>, or <i>pang-Paskó</i>, which literally means "for Christmas" and may refer to clothing worn on the day of the holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Add to this, pamamasko is the act of Christian children going from house to house greeting Christmas cheers their relatives or friends and asking Christmas gifts whether in cash or in kind. It is the time after they went to church on every Christmas morning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The celebrations of Christmas in the Philippines have deep influences of <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, tracing their roots back to Spanish colonial rule from 1521 to 1898. Currently, the Philippines holds the longest running festivity of the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas season">Christmas season</a> in the world, which begins on September 1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The various <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">ethnic groups in the Philippines</a> observe different Christmas traditions, and the following are generally common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christmas_traditions">Christmas traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Christmas traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simbang_Gabi_and_Misa_de_Gallo">Simbang Gabi and Misa de Gallo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Simbang Gabi and Misa de Gallo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Simbang_Gabi" title="Simbang Gabi">Simbang Gabi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manila_Cathedral_(Simbang_Gabi)_(006)_2023-12-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28006%29_2023-12-20.jpg/220px-Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28006%29_2023-12-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28006%29_2023-12-20.jpg/330px-Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28006%29_2023-12-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28006%29_2023-12-20.jpg/440px-Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28006%29_2023-12-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The altar of the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a> decorated with <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a> for Simbang Gabi.</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">Simbang Gabi</i></span> ("Night Mass"; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">Spanish</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Misa_de_Gallo" title="Misa de Gallo">Misa de Gallo</a></i>, "Rooster's Mass", or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Misa de Aguinaldo</i></span>, "Gift Mass")<sup id="cite_ref-mb-aguinaldo_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mb-aguinaldo-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">novena</a> of dawn <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Masses</a> from December 16 to 24 (Christmas Eve). The <i>Simbang Gabi</i> is practiced mainly by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Aglipayans</a>, with some <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christian">Evangelical Christian</a> and independent <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_Philippines" title="Protestantism in the Philippines">Protestant</a> churches having adopted the practise of pre-Christmas dawn services. Attending the Masses is meant to show devotion to God and heightened anticipation for <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Christ's birth</a>, and folk belief holds that God grants the special wish of a devotee who hears all nine Masses. </p><p>Morning observance of <span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">Simbang Gabi</i></span> during this holiday begins as early as 04:00 (or rarely, 02:30) or as late as 06:00 (or rarely, 06:30) <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a>, while in some parishes, some churches and others, anticipated Masses begin the previous evening at 20:00 PST, or as early as 16:00 or as late as 21:00 PST or even 22:00 PST. After hearing Mass, Catholic families buy <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Philippines">traditional Filipino holiday fare</a> for breakfast outside the church and eat it either within the church precincts or at home. Vendors offer many native delicacies, including <i><a href="/wiki/Bibingka" title="Bibingka">bibingka</a></i> (rice flour and egg-based cake, cooked using coal burners above and under); <i>putò bumbóng</i> (a purple, sticky rice delicacy steamed in bamboo tubes, buttered then sprinkled with <a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">brown sugar</a> and shredded dried <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> meat). Drinks include coffee, <i>salabát</i> (ginger tea) and <i><a href="/wiki/Tsokolate" title="Tsokolate">tsokolate</a></i> (thick, Spanish-style <a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">hot chocolate</a>). Some Aglipayan churches invite the congregation to partake of the "<i>paínit</i>" (literally, "heater"), a post-Mass snack of mostly rice pastries served with coffee or cocoa at the house of the Mass sponsor. The <i>bibingka</i> and <i>putò bumbóng</i> are also served to those attending the anticipated evening Masses together with dinner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christmas_Eve">Christmas Eve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Christmas Eve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve#Philippines" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve § Philippines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Filipino_cuisine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Traditional_Filipino_cuisine.jpg/220px-Traditional_Filipino_cuisine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Traditional_Filipino_cuisine.jpg/330px-Traditional_Filipino_cuisine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Traditional_Filipino_cuisine.jpg/440px-Traditional_Filipino_cuisine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4880" data-file-height="3253" /></a><figcaption>Typical traditional <i>noche buena</i> meal in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Filipino_lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino lechon">lechón</a> as the centerpiece</figcaption></figure> <p>For Catholic Filipinos, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Bisperas ng Pasko</i>"; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Víspera de Navidad</i>) on December 24 is celebrated with the <a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a>, and the traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Nochebuena" class="mw-redirect" title="Nochebuena">Noche Buena</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">Filipino Spanish</a> "Good Night") feast.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Family members dine together at around midnight. Some families would also open presents at this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Noche_Buena"><i>Noche Buena</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Noche Buena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner#Philippines" title="Christmas dinner">Christmas dinner § Philippines</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" title="Christmas dinner">Christmas dinner</a> eaten around midnight on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> is known as <i>Noche Buena</i> (not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a> dinner known as <i><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve#Philippines" title="New Year's Eve">Medianoche</a></i>). Common traditional dishes served for the meal include: <a href="/wiki/Filipino_lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino lechon">lechón</a>, various types of <a href="/wiki/Pancit" title="Pancit">pancit</a> (noodles), <a href="/wiki/Filipino_spaghetti" title="Filipino spaghetti">Filipino spaghetti</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hamonado" title="Hamonado">hamonado</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">jamón</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Edam_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edam (cheese)">queso de bola</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Morc%C3%B3n_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Morcón (Filipino cuisine)">morcón</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Embutido_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Embutido (Filipino cuisine)">embutido</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_galantina" title="Chicken galantina">chicken galantina</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Almondigas" class="mw-redirect" title="Almondigas">almondigas</a></i> (meatballs), <i><a href="/wiki/Paelya" title="Paelya">paelya</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Arroz_valenciana" class="mw-redirect" title="Arroz valenciana">arroz valenciana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bringhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bringhe">bringhe</a></i>, etc.), <i><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">lumpia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(stew)" title="Menudo (stew)">menudo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mechado" title="Mechado">mechado</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Caldereta" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldereta">caldereta</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Callos" title="Callos">callos</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_pastel" title="Chicken pastel">chicken pastel</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Relleno" class="mw-redirect" title="Relleno">relyenong</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangus">bangús</a></i> (stuffed milkfish), <i><a href="/wiki/Lengua_estofado" title="Lengua estofado">lengua estofado</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Adobo_(Filipino_cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobo (Filipino cuisine)">adobo</a></i>, and various types of barbecue (<i><a href="/wiki/Inihaw" title="Inihaw">inihaw</a></i>). Almost all of these dishes are eaten with white rice. Desserts and side dishes include <i><a href="/wiki/Ube_halaya" title="Ube halaya">úbe halayá</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">turon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leche_flan" class="mw-redirect" title="Leche flan">leche flan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macaroni_salad" title="Macaroni salad">macaroni salad</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dulce_de_membrillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulce de membrillo">membrilyo</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_salad" title="Fruit salad">fruit salad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buko_salad" title="Buko salad">buko salad</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crema_de_fruta" title="Crema de fruta">crema de fruta</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ensaymada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensaymada">ensaymada</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Champorado" title="Champorado">champorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango_float" title="Mango float">mango float</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruitcake" title="Fruitcake">fruitcake</a>, <i>castañas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Roasted_chestnuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Roasted chestnuts">roasted chestnuts</a>), and various other <i><a href="/wiki/Kakanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakanin">kakanin</a></i> (rice cakes) like <i><a href="/wiki/Puto_bumbong" title="Puto bumbong">puto bumbong</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bibingka" title="Bibingka">bibingka</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Suman_(food)" title="Suman (food)">suman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Biko_(food)" title="Biko (food)">biko</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sapin-sapin" title="Sapin-sapin">sapin-sapin</a></i>. Popular beverages are <i><a href="/wiki/Tsokolate" title="Tsokolate">tsokolate</a></i> as well as coffee, <a href="/wiki/Soft_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft drinks">soda</a>, wine, beer, alcoholic drinks, and fruit juices.<sup id="cite_ref-Koppe_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koppe-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tan_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tan-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Panunulúyan"><span id="Panunul.C3.BAyan"></span><i>Panunulúyan</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Panunulúyan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panuluyan_sa_Ibaan_Batangas_2023-12-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Panuluyan_sa_Ibaan_Batangas_2023-12-24.jpg/220px-Panuluyan_sa_Ibaan_Batangas_2023-12-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Panuluyan_sa_Ibaan_Batangas_2023-12-24.jpg/330px-Panuluyan_sa_Ibaan_Batangas_2023-12-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Panuluyan_sa_Ibaan_Batangas_2023-12-24.jpg/440px-Panuluyan_sa_Ibaan_Batangas_2023-12-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2131" data-file-height="1598" /></a><figcaption>Panunulúyan in <a href="/wiki/Ibaan" title="Ibaan">Ibaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In different provinces and schools, the journey of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> and the pregnant <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> in search of lodging is re-enacted. The pageant, traditionally called the "<i>Panunulúyan</i>", "<i>Pananawágan</i>", or "<i>Pananapátan</i>", is modeled after the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></i>. </p><p>The <i>Panunulúyan</i> is performed after dark, with the actors portraying Joseph and the Virgin Mary going to pre-designated houses. They perform a chant meant to rouse the "owners of the house" (also actors) to request for lodging. The owners then cruelly turn them away, sometimes also in song, saying that their house is already filled with other guests. Finally, Joseph and Mary make their way to the parish church where a replica of the stable is set up. The birth of Jesus is celebrated at midnight with the <i>Misa de Gallo</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christmas_Day">Christmas Day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Christmas Day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a> in the Philippines is primarily a family affair. The <i><a href="/wiki/Misa_de_Gallo" title="Misa de Gallo">Misa de Gallo</a></i> is celebrated on December 25 and is usually one of several Masses that all family members (including non-churchgoers) are present and is often celebrated between 10 pm and midnight, a schedule preferred by many Filipinos who stay up late on Christmas Eve for the night-long celebration of the <i>Noche Buena</i>. Fireworks and most merrymaking devices are sometimes used at the start of Christmas. </p><p>Preferably in the morning, Filipinos typically visit their extended family, especially to pay their respects to senior relatives. This custom of giving respect is enacted through the "<i><a href="/wiki/Mano_(gesture)" title="Mano (gesture)">Págmamáno</a></i>". A supplicant takes the back of an elder's hand and presses it against the forehead while giving the greeting, <i>Máno, pô</i> (lit. "[Thy] hand, please"). The elder often responds by reciting a blessing or simply acknowledging the gesture, and in return gives "<i>Aguinaldo</i>" or money in the form of crisp <a href="/wiki/Banknotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Banknotes">banknotes</a>, often placed in a sealed envelope such as an <i><a href="/wiki/Red_envelope" title="Red envelope">ang pao</a></i>. Godparents, in particular, are socially obligated to give presents or <i>aguinaldo</i> to their godchildren, to whom they often give larger amounts compared to other younger relatives. </p><p>A festive lunch may follow the "<i>Págmamáno</i>". The menu is heavily dependent upon the finances of the family, with richer families preparing grand feasts while poorer families choose to cook simple yet special dishes. Some families choose to open presents on this day after the lunch. </p><p>When nighttime falls, members of the family usually return home or linger to drink, play parlor games, and chat. Some may opt to have another feast for dinner, while a minority spend the entire day at home to rest after the previous days' festivities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niños_Inocentes"><span id="Ni.C3.B1os_Inocentes"></span><i>Niños Inocentes</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Niños Inocentes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Holy_Innocents" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Innocents">Holy Innocents</a>' Day or <a href="/wiki/Childermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Childermas">Childermas</a> is commemorated on December 28 as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Niños Inocentes</i></span>. Filipinos once celebrated the day by playing <a href="/wiki/Practical_joke" title="Practical joke">practical jokes</a> on one another, similar to <a href="/wiki/April_Fool%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="April Fool's Day">April Fool's Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prank_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prank-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the widely practiced pranks on this day is to borrow money without the intention of paying back. Creditors are usually helpless in getting remuneration from borrower, and are instead forewarned not to lend money on this day. Victims of such pranks were once called out, "<i>Na-Niños Inocentes ka!</i>" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Year's_Eve"><span id="New_Year.27s_Eve"></span>New Year's Eve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: New Year's Eve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BGC_Bonifacio_High_Street,_NYE_2022_fireworks_display_(Taguig;_12-31-2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BGC_Bonifacio_High_Street%2C_NYE_2022_fireworks_display_%28Taguig%3B_12-31-2021%29.jpg/220px-BGC_Bonifacio_High_Street%2C_NYE_2022_fireworks_display_%28Taguig%3B_12-31-2021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BGC_Bonifacio_High_Street%2C_NYE_2022_fireworks_display_%28Taguig%3B_12-31-2021%29.jpg/330px-BGC_Bonifacio_High_Street%2C_NYE_2022_fireworks_display_%28Taguig%3B_12-31-2021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/BGC_Bonifacio_High_Street%2C_NYE_2022_fireworks_display_%28Taguig%3B_12-31-2021%29.jpg/440px-BGC_Bonifacio_High_Street%2C_NYE_2022_fireworks_display_%28Taguig%3B_12-31-2021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Fireworks at <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_High_Street" title="Bonifacio High Street">Bonifacio High Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 31 (<span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">Bisperas ng Bagong Taón</i></span>), Filipino families gather for the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Media Noche</i></span> a lavish midnight feast that supposedly symbolizes their hopes for prosperity in the coming year, and lasts until the following morning as with the <a href="/wiki/Nochebuena" class="mw-redirect" title="Nochebuena">Noche Buena</a> taken on Christmas Eve. </p><p>Filipinos make noise both to greet the New Year and in the belief that the din exorcises their surroundings of malevolent spirits. In spite of the yearly ban (due to the national government restrictions), people in most towns and cities customarily light <a href="/wiki/Firecrackers" class="mw-redirect" title="Firecrackers">firecrackers</a>, or employ safer methods of merrymaking such as banging on pots and pans and blowing car horns. </p><p>Other traditions and beliefs include encouraging children to jump at the stroke of midnight to increase their height; displaying circular fruit such as oranges; wearing clothes with dots and other circular designs to symbolize coins and money; eating twelve grapes at midnight for good luck in the twelve months of the year (a Spanish custom); and opening all windows and doors to let in the blessings on the first day of the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three_Kings'_Day"><span id="Three_Kings.27_Day"></span>Three Kings' Day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Three Kings' Day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christmas officially ends on the <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphany (Christian)">Feast of the Epiphany</a>, more commonly known as Three Kings' Day (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Día de los Tres Reyes</i>; <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Araw ng Tatlóng Harì</i>), which falls on the first Sunday after <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-epiphany-1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epiphany-1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A dying tradition is the Hispanic custom of children leaving their shoes out by the window or the door, so that the Three Kings can leave small gifts like candy or money inside upon their descent on <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Twelfth Night</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene">Feast of the Black Nazarene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Feast of the Black Nazarene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene" title="Feast of the Black Nazarene">Feast of the Black Nazarene</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feast_of_Black_Nazarene,_Quiapo,_Manila.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Feast_of_Black_Nazarene%2C_Quiapo%2C_Manila.JPG/220px-Feast_of_Black_Nazarene%2C_Quiapo%2C_Manila.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Feast_of_Black_Nazarene%2C_Quiapo%2C_Manila.JPG/330px-Feast_of_Black_Nazarene%2C_Quiapo%2C_Manila.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Feast_of_Black_Nazarene%2C_Quiapo%2C_Manila.JPG/440px-Feast_of_Black_Nazarene%2C_Quiapo%2C_Manila.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4883" data-file-height="3255" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene" title="Feast of the Black Nazarene">Feast of the Black Nazarene</a> procession in <a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo, Manila</a> on January 9, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Nazarene" title="Black Nazarene">Black Nazarene</a>, whose devotees are primarily centered in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a>, is borne in procession on January 9 after a <a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">novena</a> in its honor. The date commemorates the image's 1787 <i>Traslación</i> (solemn transfer) from its original location in what is now <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a> to <a href="/wiki/Quiapo_Church" title="Quiapo Church">its present shrine</a> in the Quiapo District of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feast_of_the_Santo_Niño"><span id="Feast_of_the_Santo_Ni.C3.B1o"></span>Feast of the Santo Niño</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Feast of the Santo Niño"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The latest date for the end of popular Christmas celebrations is the Feast of the <i><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ceb%C3%BA" title="Santo Niño de Cebú">Santo Niño</a></i> (Christ Child) on the third Sunday of January. The image depiction most associated with this day is the purportedly miraculous <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ceb%C3%BA" title="Santo Niño de Cebú">Santo Niño de Cebú</a>, the first Christian icon brought to the islands. In 1521, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> came to <a href="/wiki/Cebu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Cebu Island">Cebú</a> and gave the image as a present to Humamay, chief consort of the local monarch, <a href="/wiki/Humabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Humabon">Raja Humabon</a>, when she, together with her husband and a number of his subjects, were <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a> into the Catholic faith. Tradition holds that Humamay—who received the Christian name <i>Juana</i> after <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan of Castile">Joan of Castile</a>—danced for joy upon receiving the <i>Santo Niño</i>, providing a legendary origin for the fervent religious dancing during the <i><a href="/wiki/Sinulog" title="Sinulog">Sinulog</a></i> held in honor of the Christ Child. Celebrations are mostly focused in Cebu, where the Sinulog Festival is held, while there are other celebrations held nationwide in its honor, including the <a href="/wiki/Ati-Atihan_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Ati-Atihan Festival">Ati-Atihan Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a> Province, the <a href="/wiki/Dinagyang" title="Dinagyang">Dinagyang</a> in Iloilo, the Kahimunan in Butuan, and the feasts of the Holy Child in the districts of Tondo and Pandacan in Manila. The National Cathedral or the Central Church of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente or <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Aglipayans</a> is dedicated to the Santo Niño and other several parishes and missions around the country. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:792px;max-width:792px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Santo Niño feasts in the Philippines</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SINULOG_FESTIVAL_CONTINGENTS_IN_STREET_DANCE_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SINULOG_FESTIVAL_CONTINGENTS_IN_STREET_DANCE_10.jpg/248px-SINULOG_FESTIVAL_CONTINGENTS_IN_STREET_DANCE_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SINULOG_FESTIVAL_CONTINGENTS_IN_STREET_DANCE_10.jpg/372px-SINULOG_FESTIVAL_CONTINGENTS_IN_STREET_DANCE_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SINULOG_FESTIVAL_CONTINGENTS_IN_STREET_DANCE_10.jpg/496px-SINULOG_FESTIVAL_CONTINGENTS_IN_STREET_DANCE_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4247" data-file-height="3034" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Sinulog" title="Sinulog">Sinulog</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parade-Goers_At_Kalibo_Ati-Atihan_Festival,_Philippines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Parade-Goers_At_Kalibo_Ati-Atihan_Festival%2C_Philippines.jpg/266px-Parade-Goers_At_Kalibo_Ati-Atihan_Festival%2C_Philippines.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Parade-Goers_At_Kalibo_Ati-Atihan_Festival%2C_Philippines.jpg/399px-Parade-Goers_At_Kalibo_Ati-Atihan_Festival%2C_Philippines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Parade-Goers_At_Kalibo_Ati-Atihan_Festival%2C_Philippines.jpg/532px-Parade-Goers_At_Kalibo_Ati-Atihan_Festival%2C_Philippines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ati-Atihan_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Ati-Atihan Festival">Ati-Atihan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kalibo,_Aklan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalibo, Aklan">Kalibo, Aklan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinagyang_Festival_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Dinagyang_Festival_2013.jpg/266px-Dinagyang_Festival_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Dinagyang_Festival_2013.jpg/399px-Dinagyang_Festival_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Dinagyang_Festival_2013.jpg/532px-Dinagyang_Festival_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Dinagyang" title="Dinagyang">Dinagyang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Feast_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Candles">The Feast of Our Lady of the Candles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Feast of Our Lady of the Candles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In older traditions (which are still kept in the liturgical calendar of the Extraordinary Form of the Mass) Christmas lasted until <a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Candlemas</a>, or the Feast of the Purification of Mary and the Presentation of the Baby Jesus at the Temple. This marked the end of a long 40-day "Christmastide" corresponding to the 40 days of Lent. This date falls on February 2, after Mary had participated in a rite of purification in according to the ancient Candlemas festival rooted in <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a> (Jewish law). This is also when Simeon makes his well-known prophecy to Mary and Joseph about the Holy Child, of Jesus being a light for the Gentiles. Many parishes, if possible will still keep their nativity scenes displayed up until the celebration of the Presentation of the Lord on February 2.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This final salvo is marked by the Feast of Our Lady of the Candles in <a href="/wiki/Jaro,_Iloilo_City" title="Jaro, Iloilo City">Jaro, Iloilo City</a>, where the image is enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Jaro_Cathedral" title="Jaro Cathedral">Jaro Cathedral</a>, the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Candles, where <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Masses</a> are celebrated in commemoration. Similar celebrations are held nationwide in towns where Our Lady of the Candles is its patroness, including <a href="/wiki/Candelaria,_Quezon" title="Candelaria, Quezon">Candelaria, Quezon</a>, whose town fiesta is celebrated on this date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Dapitan_tiangge_stall_sells_Santa_Claus_figurines_and_other_Christmas_decorations_ahead_of_the_%27ber_months%27_in_Quezon_City_on_August_31,_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/A_Dapitan_tiangge_stall_sells_Santa_Claus_figurines_and_other_Christmas_decorations_ahead_of_the_%27ber_months%27_in_Quezon_City_on_August_31%2C_2022.jpg/220px-A_Dapitan_tiangge_stall_sells_Santa_Claus_figurines_and_other_Christmas_decorations_ahead_of_the_%27ber_months%27_in_Quezon_City_on_August_31%2C_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/A_Dapitan_tiangge_stall_sells_Santa_Claus_figurines_and_other_Christmas_decorations_ahead_of_the_%27ber_months%27_in_Quezon_City_on_August_31%2C_2022.jpg/330px-A_Dapitan_tiangge_stall_sells_Santa_Claus_figurines_and_other_Christmas_decorations_ahead_of_the_%27ber_months%27_in_Quezon_City_on_August_31%2C_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/A_Dapitan_tiangge_stall_sells_Santa_Claus_figurines_and_other_Christmas_decorations_ahead_of_the_%27ber_months%27_in_Quezon_City_on_August_31%2C_2022.jpg/440px-A_Dapitan_tiangge_stall_sells_Santa_Claus_figurines_and_other_Christmas_decorations_ahead_of_the_%27ber_months%27_in_Quezon_City_on_August_31%2C_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3498" data-file-height="2623" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a> figurines and other <a href="/wiki/Christmas_decoration" title="Christmas decoration">Christmas decorations</a> sold in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> ahead of the "ber" months on August 31, 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to <a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">secularization</a>, decorations such as <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a>, tinsel, faux evergreens, reindeer, and snow have become popular. <a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights_(holiday_decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas lights (holiday decoration)">Christmas lights</a> are strung about in <a href="/wiki/Festoon" title="Festoon">festoons</a>, as the tail of the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Belens</a></i>, star shapes, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">angels</a>, and in a large variety of other ways, going as far as draping the whole outside of the house in lights. Despite these, the Philippines still retains its traditional decorations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paról"><span id="Par.C3.B3l"></span><i>Paról</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Paról"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barnstar_on_Philippine_house_as_Christmas_decoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barnstar_on_Philippine_house_as_Christmas_decoration.jpg/220px-Barnstar_on_Philippine_house_as_Christmas_decoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barnstar_on_Philippine_house_as_Christmas_decoration.jpg/330px-Barnstar_on_Philippine_house_as_Christmas_decoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Barnstar_on_Philippine_house_as_Christmas_decoration.jpg/440px-Barnstar_on_Philippine_house_as_Christmas_decoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption>A traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">parol</a></i> on a house as Christmas decoration</figcaption></figure> <p>Every Christmas season, Filipino homes and buildings are adorned with star-shaped lanterns, called <i><a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">paról</a></i> from the Spanish <i>farol</i>, meaning "lantern" or "lamp".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These lanterns represent the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a> that guided the magi, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Three Kings</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>: <i>Tatlóng Harì</i>). Paról are as beloved and iconic to Filipinos as <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a> are to Westerners. </p><p>The most common form of the lantern is a <a href="/wiki/Pentagram" title="Pentagram">5-pointed star</a> with two "tails" at the lower two tips. Other popular variations are four, eight, and ten-pointed stars, while rarer ones sport six, seven, nine, and more than twelve points. The earliest paróls were made from simple materials like bamboo, Japanese rice paper (known as "<i>papél de Hapón</i>") or crêpe paper, and were lit by a candle or coconut oil lamp. Simple paróls can be easily constructed with just ten <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> sticks, paper, and glue. Present-day paról has endless possible shapes and forms and is made of a variety of materials, such as cellophane, plastic, rope, <a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">capiz</a> <a href="/wiki/Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">shell</a>, glass, and even recycled refuse. Paról-making is a folk craft, and many <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> children often craft them as a school project or for leisure. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Giant_Lantern_Festival" title="Giant Lantern Festival">Giant Lantern Festival</a> is an annual festival held the Saturday before Christmas Eve in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando, Pampanga</a>. The festival features a competition of giant lanterns, and the popularity of the festival, has earned the city the moniker, "Christmas Capital of the Philippines". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belén"><span id="Bel.C3.A9n"></span><i>Belén</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Belén"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Catholic_nun_looks_at_the_nativity_scene_figures_inside_the_Manila_Cathedral-Basilica_in_Intramuros,_Manila_on_December_7,_2022_(58377).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/A_Catholic_nun_looks_at_the_nativity_scene_figures_inside_the_Manila_Cathedral-Basilica_in_Intramuros%2C_Manila_on_December_7%2C_2022_%2858377%29.jpg/220px-A_Catholic_nun_looks_at_the_nativity_scene_figures_inside_the_Manila_Cathedral-Basilica_in_Intramuros%2C_Manila_on_December_7%2C_2022_%2858377%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/A_Catholic_nun_looks_at_the_nativity_scene_figures_inside_the_Manila_Cathedral-Basilica_in_Intramuros%2C_Manila_on_December_7%2C_2022_%2858377%29.jpg/330px-A_Catholic_nun_looks_at_the_nativity_scene_figures_inside_the_Manila_Cathedral-Basilica_in_Intramuros%2C_Manila_on_December_7%2C_2022_%2858377%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/A_Catholic_nun_looks_at_the_nativity_scene_figures_inside_the_Manila_Cathedral-Basilica_in_Intramuros%2C_Manila_on_December_7%2C_2022_%2858377%29.jpg/440px-A_Catholic_nun_looks_at_the_nativity_scene_figures_inside_the_Manila_Cathedral-Basilica_in_Intramuros%2C_Manila_on_December_7%2C_2022_%2858377%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>A Catholic nun looks at the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">nativity scene</a> figures inside the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a>-Basilica in <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, Manila on December 7, 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Another traditional Filipino Christmas symbol is the <i>belén</i>—a <a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">creche</a> or tableau depicting the Birth of Christ. Derived from the Spanish name for <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, <i>Belén</i>, it depicts the infant Jesus in the <a href="/wiki/Manger" title="Manger">manger</a>, surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph">St. Joseph</a>, the shepherds, their flock, the <a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a> and some stable animals, and is surmounted by an <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a>, the Star or both. </p><p><i>Belén</i> were introduced by the Spanish since the 16th century. They are an ubiquitous and iconic Christmas symbol in the Philippines, on par with the <a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">parol</a> (Christmas lanterns depicting the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a>) which are often incorporated into the scene as the source of illumination. Both the <i>Belén</i> and the <i>parol</i> were the traditional <a href="/wiki/Christmas_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas decorations">Christmas decorations</a> in Filipino homes before <a href="/wiki/American_colonial_period_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="American colonial period of the Philippines">Americans</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bondoc_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bondoc-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ferrolino_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferrolino-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macairan_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macairan-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gonzalez_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzalez-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Laquian_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laquian-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most churches in the Philippines also transform their altars into a <i>Belén</i> at Christmas. They are also found in schools (which also hold <a href="/wiki/Nativity_play" title="Nativity play">nativity plays</a>), government buildings, commercial establishments, and in public spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Dice_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dice-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowler_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowler-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Llamas_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Llamas-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Candon_Church_Christmas_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Candon_Church_Christmas_2009.JPG/170px-Candon_Church_Christmas_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Candon_Church_Christmas_2009.JPG/255px-Candon_Church_Christmas_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Candon_Church_Christmas_2009.JPG/340px-Candon_Church_Christmas_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A <i>Belén</i> set up in the altar of the <a href="/wiki/Candon_Church" title="Candon Church">Candon Church</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">parol</a> above it</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Belén</i> can be seen in homes, churches, schools and even office buildings; the ones on office buildings can be extravagant, using different materials for the figures and using Christmas lights, <i>parol</i>s for the Star, and painted background scenery. A notable outdoor belén in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> is the one that used to be at the Manila COD department store building in <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Avenue" title="Rizal Avenue">Avenida Rizal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> from 1952 until the store and display itself was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City#Cubao" title="Quezon City">Cubao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> in 1966. In 2003, the <i>belén</i> was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Greenhills_Shopping_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhills Shopping Center">Greenhills Shopping Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a> when the COD building closed down in 2002. The last known display in Greenhills was held from November 2016 to January 2017, before returning to Cubao in 2018 at the Times Square Park.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <i>belén</i> is a lights and sounds presentation, the story being narrated over speakers set up and most probably using <a href="/wiki/Automaton" title="Automaton">automatons</a> to make the figures move up and down, or turn, etc. Each year, the company owning it changes the theme from the Nativity Story, with variations such as a fairground story, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a>' journey. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tarlac_City" title="Tarlac City">Tarlac City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a> is known as the "<i>Belén</i> Capital of the Philippines" holds the annual "Belenísmo sa Tarlac". It is a <i>belén</i>-making contest which is participated by establishments and residents in <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>. Giant versions of the <i>belén</i> with different themes are displayed in front of the establishments and roads of Tarlac for the entire season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caroling">Caroling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Caroling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Philippines, children in small groups go from house to house singing Christmas carols, which they called <i>pangangaroling</i>. Makeshift instruments include <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourines</a> made with <i>tansan</i>s (aluminum bottle caps) strung on a piece of wire. With the traditional chant of "<i>Namamasko po!</i>", these carolers wait expectantly for the homeowners to reward them with coins. Afterward, the carolers thank the generous homeowners by singing "Thank you, thank you, <i>ang babait ninyo</i> (you are so kind), thank you!" </p><p>An example of a traditional Filipino carol is a part of a series known as <i>"Maligayang Pasko"</i>, which is commonly called <i>"Sa maybahay ang aming bati"</i>. The tradition of carols stems from the long years of Spanish rule, in which traditions practiced in Spanish Latin America during this time of the year were adopted to suit Philippine conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aguinaldo">Aguinaldo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aguinaldo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a word heard repeatedly during the Christmas Season in the Philippines. Presently, the term is interpreted as gift or money received from benefactors. <i>Aguinaldo</i> is a Spanish term for bonus. Its prevalent use may have originated from Filipino workers of the Spanish era, receiving extra pay from the generosity of the rich employers during the celebration of the Christmas season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rice_cakes">Rice cakes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Rice cakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several rice cakes often sold outside churches during <a href="/wiki/Simbang_Gabi" title="Simbang Gabi">Simbang Gabi</a>, providing a warm, sweet treat in the early morning hours.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puto_bumbong" title="Puto bumbong">Puto bumbong</a> has a distinctive purple color which comes naturally from a sticky rice called “pirurutong”<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibingka" title="Bibingka">Bibingka</a> is made from rice flour, coconut milk, and water, which are poured into a clay pot lined with banana leaves<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puto_(food)" title="Puto (food)">Puto</a> is made from mixing fermented rice with yeast overnight to create a dough which is then wrapped in banana leaves and steamed to create small, puffy, rounded cakes.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutsinta" title="Kutsinta">Kutsinta</a>, looking like a rounded piece of toffee, is made by steaming a mix of rice flour, tapioca, brown sugar, and lye, which is then colored with yellow food coloring or annatto tree extract<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Songs">Songs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Christmas_carols_and_songs" title="List of Filipino Christmas carols and songs">List of Filipino Christmas carols and songs</a></div> <p>The song "<a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Our_Hearts" title="Christmas in Our Hearts">Christmas in Our Hearts</a>", released by <a href="/wiki/Jose_Mari_Chan" title="Jose Mari Chan">Jose Mari Chan</a> in 1990,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has become the most famous song for Christmas in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is synonymous with the start of the Christmas season, often played in homes, shopping malls, and on radio stations as early as September.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countdowns">Countdowns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Countdowns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> in the Philippines and abroad, the countdown to Christmas gradually begins by September, reaching its peak in December, and concludes at midnight between December 24 (<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a>) and December 25 (<a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the names of Christmas in other languages spoken in the Philippines, see <a href="#Etymology_and_nomenclature">§ Etymology and nomenclature</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The months ending with the <i>-ber</i> suffix, i.e. September, October, November, and December</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a>, which is generally observed on January 6 in the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>; however, some countries, including the Philippines, observe it between January 2 and 8.<sup id="cite_ref-manila-bulletin-2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manila-bulletin-2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino-language</a> phrase <i>Paskó ng (Muling) Pagkabuhay</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Pasch of the Resurrection</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), <i>Paskó</i> means "Pasch" or "<a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Paskó</i>, when used by itself, specifically refers to Christmas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancient Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πάσχα">πάσχα</a> (<i>páskha</i>) was itself borrowed from Aramaic <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%90#Aramaic" class="extiw" title="wikt:פסחא">פסחא</a> (<i>paskha</i>), which in turn was borrowed from Hebrew <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97#Hebrew" class="extiw" title="wikt:פסח">פסח</a> (<i>pésakh</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, in the aforementioned Hiligaynon and Ilocano languages, it is spelled <i>Paskwa</i><sup id="cite_ref-cpu_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Paskua</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernabeLapidSibayan2019315_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernabeLapidSibayan2019315-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cnn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Sarah (December 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/05/world/asia/irpt-xmas-philippines-traditions/index.html">"The Philippines shows the world how to celebrate Christmas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+Philippines+shows+the+world+how+to+celebrate+Christmas&rft.date=2012-12-05&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2012%2F12%2F05%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Firpt-xmas-philippines-traditions%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/12/02/entertainment-lifestyle/life-times/paskong-pinoy-at-kultura/1824324">"Paskong Pinoy at Kultura"</a></span> [Filipino Christmas and Culture]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manila_Times" title="The Manila Times">The Manila Times</a></i>. December 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2022</span>. <q>In the Philippines, the parol has become an iconic symbol of the Filipino Christmas and is as important to Filipinos as the Christmas tree is to Western cultures.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=Paskong+Pinoy+at+Kultura&rft.date=2021-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2F2021%2F12%2F02%2Fentertainment-lifestyle%2Flife-times%2Fpaskong-pinoy-at-kultura%2F1824324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitrelli2021" class="citation news cs1">Pitrelli, Monica Buchanan (December 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/21/philippines-the-longest-christmas-celebrations-in-the-world-.html">"The country that celebrates Christmas for more than 4 months a year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PhilStar+Global&rft.atitle=%27Belen+most+important+Christmas+decor%27&rft.date=2010-12-19&rft.aulast=Macairan&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2010%2F12%2F19%2F640363%2Fbelen-most-important-christmas-decor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gonzalez-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gonzalez_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez2009" class="citation book cs1">Gonzalez, Joaquin Jay (2009). <i>Filipino American Faith in Action: Immigration, Religion, and Civic Engagement</i>. NYU Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814732977" title="Special:BookSources/9780814732977"><bdi>9780814732977</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Filipino+American+Faith+in+Action%3A+Immigration%2C+Religion%2C+and+Civic+Engagement&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780814732977&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Joaquin+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laquian-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Laquian_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaquian" class="citation news cs1">Laquian, Eleanor R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadianfilipino.net/sections/culture/christmas-belen-tradition-brings-baby-jesus-to-vancouver-homes?start=8">"Christmas Belen tradition brings Baby Jesus to Vancouver homes"</a>. <i>CanadianFilipino.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CanadianFilipino.net&rft.atitle=Christmas+Belen+tradition+brings+Baby+Jesus+to+Vancouver+homes&rft.aulast=Laquian&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianfilipino.net%2Fsections%2Fculture%2Fchristmas-belen-tradition-brings-baby-jesus-to-vancouver-homes%3Fstart%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dice-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dice_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDice2009" class="citation book cs1">Dice, Elizabeth A. (2009). <i>Christmas and Hanukkah</i>. Infobase Publishing. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438119717" title="Special:BookSources/9781438119717"><bdi>9781438119717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christmas+and+Hanukkah&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781438119717&rft.aulast=Dice&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowler-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowler_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowler2012" class="citation book cs1">Bowler, Gerry (2012). <i>The World Encyclopedia of Christmas</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christianity+Today&rft.atitle=The+Philippines+Has+the+Longest+Christmas+Season+in+the+World&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft.aulast=Llamas&rft.aufirst=Cora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2Fdecember%2Fphilippines-longest-christmas-season-commercialism-catholic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoliman2018" class="citation news cs1">Soliman, Michelle Anne P. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BusinessWorld&rft.atitle=COD+display+returns+to+Cubao&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft.aulast=Soliman&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Anne+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bworldonline.com%2Fcod-display-returns-to-cubao%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiamediacentre.org.nz/features/10-ways-of-celebrating-christmas-in-the-philippines/">"Top 10 Unique Filipino Christmas Traditions"</a>. <i>Asia Media Centre | New Zealand</i>. 2023-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aleteia+%E2%80%94+Catholic+Spirituality%2C+Lifestyle%2C+World+News%2C+and+Culture&rft.atitle=The+traditional+Philippines%27+Christmas+dawn+Mass+treats&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faleteia.org%2F2023%2F12%2F18%2Fthe-philippines-christmas-dawn-mass-treats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/puto">"Puto - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"</a>. <i>www.sciencedirect.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sciencedirect.com&rft.atitle=Puto+-+an+overview+%7C+ScienceDirect+Topics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Ftopics%2Fagricultural-and-biological-sciences%2Fputo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mb.com.ph/2023/12/23/jose-mari-chan-deserves-national-artist-title-for-immortal-xmas-song-solon">"Jose Mari Chan deserves to be named National Artist for immortal Christmas song--solon"</a>. <i>Manila Bulletin</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Jose+Mari+Chan+deserves+to+be+named+National+Artist+for+immortal+Christmas+song--solon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmb.com.ph%2F2023%2F12%2F23%2Fjose-mari-chan-deserves-national-artist-title-for-immortal-xmas-song-solon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbunda" class="citation web cs1">Abunda, Boy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2023/09/15/2296296/jose-mari-chan-shares-interesting-story-about-christmas-our-hearts">"Jose Mari Chan shares an interesting story about Christmas in Our Hearts"</a>. <i>Philstar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=Jose+Mari+Chan+shares+an+interesting+story+about+Christmas+in+Our+Hearts&rft.aulast=Abunda&rft.aufirst=Boy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fentertainment%2F2023%2F09%2F15%2F2296296%2Fjose-mari-chan-shares-interesting-story-about-christmas-our-hearts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://konigle.com/glossary/b/ber-months">"Ber Months"</a>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ber+Months&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkonigle.com%2Fglossary%2Fb%2Fber-months&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/21385/jose-mari-chan-trends-online-a-day-before-the-start-of-the-ber-months/photo">https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/21385/jose-mari-chan-trends-online-a-day-before-the-start-of-the-ber-months/photo</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernabeLapidSibayan2019" class="citation book cs1">Bernabe, Emma; Lapid, Virginia; Sibayan, Bonifacio (March 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1nGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA315"><i>Ilokano Lessons</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_Press" title="University of Hawaiʻi Press">University of Hawaiʻi Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7899-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-7899-3"><bdi>978-0-8248-7899-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilokano+Lessons&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+Press&rft.date=2019-03-31&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-7899-3&rft.aulast=Bernabe&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Lapid%2C+Virginia&rft.au=Sibayan%2C+Bonifacio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1nGDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristmas+in+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christmas_in_the_Philippines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Christmas in the Philippines">Christmas in the Philippines</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines#Q1253235" class="extiw" title="voy:Christmas in the Philippines">Christmas in the Philippines</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christmas" title="Template:Christmas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christmas" title="Template talk:Christmas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christmas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas"><span style="color:white">Christmas</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Christmas_(holiday)" title="Blue Christmas (holiday)"><span style="color:white">Blue Christmas</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day"><span style="color:white">Boxing Day</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day"><span style="color:white">Children's Day</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve"><span style="color:white">Christmas Eve</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Day" title="Saint Nicholas Day"><span style="color:white">Saint Nicholas Day</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Day" title="Saint Stephen's Day"><span style="color:white">St. Stephen's Day</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus"><span style="color:white">Sol Invictus</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule"><span style="color:white">Yule</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%">In<br />Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Angel Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">in later culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_nativity_scene" title="Neapolitan nativity scene">Neapolitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Twelfth Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore"><span style="color:white">folklore</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badalisc" title="Badalisc">Badalisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caganer" title="Caganer">Caganer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BDla" title="Grýla">Grýla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Frost" title="Jack Frost">Jack Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korvatunturi" title="Korvatunturi">Korvatunturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Christmas_Spider" title="Legend of the Christmas Spider">Legend of the Christmas Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Lwyd" title="Mari Lwyd">Mari Lwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_figure" title="Miner's figure">Miner's figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisse_(folklore)" title="Nisse (folklore)">Nisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Winter" title="Old Man Winter">Old Man Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Santa's workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%B3_de_Nadal" title="Tió de Nadal">Tió de Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turo%C5%84" title="Turoń">Turoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_cat" title="Yule cat">Yule cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_Lads" class="mw-redirect" title="Yule Lads">Yule Lads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift-bringer" title="Christmas gift-bringer"><span style="color:white">Gift-bringers</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_(European_folklore)" title="Saint Nicholas (European folklore)">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">Befana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ded_Moroz" title="Ded Moroz">Ded Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandpa_Indian" title="Grandpa Indian">Grandpa Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulupukki" title="Joulupukki">Joulupukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julemanden" title="Julemanden">Julemanden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Baba" title="Noel Baba">Noel Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olentzero" title="Olentzero">Olentzero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_No%C3%ABl" title="Père Noël">Père Noël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_winter_gift-bringers" title="List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas"><span style="color:white">Companions of<br />Saint Nicholas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Claus" title="Mrs. Claus">Mrs. Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Fouettard" title="Père Fouettard">Père Fouettard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_Man" title="Sack Man">Sack Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_daughter" title="Santa Claus' daughter">Santa Claus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27s_reindeer" title="Santa Claus's reindeer">Santa's reindeer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer" title="Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer">Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegurochka" title="Snegurochka">Snegurochka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Piet" title="Zwarte Piet">Zwarte Piet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_traditions" title="Christmas traditions"><span style="color:white">Traditions</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_calendar" title="Advent calendar">Advent calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_candle" title="Advent candle">Advent candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_Head_Feast" title="Boar's Head Feast">Boar's Head Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwibbogen" title="Schwibbogen">Candle arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_card" title="Christmas card">Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carols_by_Candlelight" title="Carols by Candlelight">Carols by Candlelight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christingle" title="Christingle">Christingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Peace" title="Christmas Peace">Christmas Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cracker" title="Christmas cracker">Crackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_decoration" title="Christmas decoration">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didukh" title="Didukh">Didukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_events_and_celebrations" title="Category:Christmas events and celebrations">Events and celebrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Seven_Fishes" title="Feast of the Seven Fishes">Feast of the Seven Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Santa" title="Flying Santa">Flying Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift" title="Christmas gift">Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Google Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamper#Christmas_hamper" title="Hamper">Hampers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_letter" title="Round-robin letter">Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule" title="Lord of Misrule">Lord of Misrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_meals_and_feasts" title="Category:Christmas meals and feasts">Meals and feasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_star" title="Moravian star">Moravian star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">Nutcrackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_doll" title="Nutcracker doll">dolls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ornament" title="Christmas ornament">Ornaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_parade" title="Santa Claus parade">Parades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">Piñatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pyramid" title="Christmas pyramid">Pyramids</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4uchermann" title="Räuchermann">Räuchermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seal">Seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Santa" title="Secret Santa">Secret Santa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanbaum" title="Spanbaum">Spanbaum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stamp" title="Christmas stamp">Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stocking" title="Christmas stocking">Stockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Twelve Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassailing" title="Wassailing">Wassailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_window" title="Christmas window">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_goat" title="Yule goat">Yule goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log" title="Yule log">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Observance_of_Christmas_by_country" title="Observance of Christmas by country"><span style="color:white">By country</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Australia" title="Christmas in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Colombia" title="Christmas in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_and_Christmas_in_Denmark" title="Yule and Christmas in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_in_England" title="Category:Christmas in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Christmas" title="Ethiopian Christmas">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Finland" title="Christmas in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_France" title="Christmas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihnachten" title="Weihnachten">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hungary" title="Christmas in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Iceland" title="Christmas in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Indonesia" title="Christmas in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ireland" title="Christmas in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Italy" title="Christmas in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Mexico" title="Christmas in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Zealand" title="Christmas in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Poland" title="Christmas in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Romania" title="Christmas in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia" title="Christmas in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Serbia" title="Christmas in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Sweden" title="Christmas in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ukraine" title="Christmas in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Christmas in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Christmas in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hawaii" title="Christmas in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Mexico" title="Christmas in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_United_States_(1946%E2%80%931964)" title="Christmas in the United States (1946–1964)">Post-War United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music"><span style="color:white">Music</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols" title="List of Christmas carols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_operas" title="List of Christmas operas">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music#Popular_Christmas_songs" title="Christmas music">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_hit_singles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom">Hit singles in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_Christmas_singles_in_the_United_States" title="List of popular Christmas singles in the United States">Hit singles in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Christmas_Holiday_charts" title="Billboard Christmas Holiday charts">Music charts (<i>Billboard</i>)</a></li> <li>Music books <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carols_for_Choirs" title="Carols for Choirs">Carols for Choirs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The Oxford Book of Carols">The Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The New Oxford Book of Carols">The New Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piae_Cantiones" title="Piae Cantiones">Piae Cantiones</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_by_medium" title="Christmas by medium"><span style="color:white">Other media</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in literature">In literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christmas novels">novels</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_films" title="List of Christmas films">Films (Christmas,</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_in_film" title="Santa Claus in film">Santa,</a> <a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a>)</li> <li>Poetry <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Santeclaus_with_Much_Delight" title="Old Santeclaus with Much Delight">Old Santeclaus with Much Delight</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas" title="A Visit from St. Nicholas">A Visit from St. Nicholas</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_in_the_Workhouse" title="Christmas Day in the Workhouse">Christmas Day in the Workhouse</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journey_of_the_Magi" title="Journey of the Magi">Journey of the Magi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomten">Tomten</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of Christmas television specials">Christmas television specials</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yule_Log_(TV_program)" title="Yule Log (TV program)">Yule Log</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%">In<br />modern<br />society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Conspiracy" title="Advent Conspiracy">Advent Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(partying)" title="Black Friday (partying)">Black Friday (partying)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday (shopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronner%27s_Christmas_Wonderland" title="Bronner's Christmas Wonderland">Bronner's Christmas Wonderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_creep" title="Christmas creep">Christmas creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_(Trading)_Act_2004" title="Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004">Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Christmas Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Mountains" title="Christmas Mountains">Christmas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_controversies" title="Christmas controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_Christmas" title="Economics of Christmas">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinch" title="Grinch">Grinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Christmas_Lottery" title="Spanish Christmas Lottery">El Gordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_July" title="Christmas in July">In July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_August_(Yellowstone)" title="Christmas in August (Yellowstone)">In August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_Christmas_games" title="NBA Christmas games">NBA games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Christmas_Day" title="NFL on Christmas Day">NFL games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikkujoulu" title="Pikkujoulu">Pikkujoulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SantaCon" title="SantaCon">SantaCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_Candy_Castle" title="Santa's Candy Castle">Santa's Candy Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Village" title="Santa Claus Village">Santa Claus Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Scrooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Saturday" title="Super Saturday">Super Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Ugly sweaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_O%27Hanlon" title="Virginia O'Hanlon">Virginia O'Hanlon</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus" title="Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus">Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(weather)" title="White Christmas (weather)">White Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multinational_festivals_and_holidays" title="List of multinational festivals and holidays">Winter festivals</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WWE_Tribute_to_the_Troops" title="WWE Tribute to the Troops">WWE Tribute to the Troops</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes" title="List of Christmas dishes"><span style="color:white">Food and<br />drink</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" title="Christmas dinner"><span style="color:white">Dinner</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joulup%C3%B6yt%C3%A4" title="Joulupöytä">Joulupöytä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julebord" title="Julebord">Julebord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Dios" title="Kūčios">Kūčios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon" title="Réveillon">Réveillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_desserts" title="Thirteen desserts">Thirteen desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-dish_Christmas_Eve_supper" title="Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper">Twelve-dish supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">Smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigilia" title="Wigilia">Wigilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska" title="Baked Alaska">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_cane" title="Candy cane">Candy cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cake" title="Christmas cake">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookie" title="Christmas cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">Cozonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitcake" title="Fruitcake">Fruitcake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutia" title="Kutia">Kutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3wki" title="Makówki">Makówki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampushka" title="Pampushka">Pampushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlova_(cake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlova (cake)">Pavlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_velvet_cake" title="Red velvet cake">Red velvet cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szaloncukor" title="Szaloncukor">Szaloncukor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Turrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)" title="Yule log (cake)">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Soup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(soup)" title="Menudo (soup)">Menudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_sauce" title="Bread sauce">Bread sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcurrant_sauce" title="Redcurrant sauce">Redcurrant sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">Hot chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissel" title="Kissel">Kissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking Bishop">Smoking Bishop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponche_crema" title="Ponche crema">Ponche crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_(cocktail)" title="Snowball (cocktail)">Snowball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Dumplings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenyky" class="mw-redirect" title="Varenyky">Varenyky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Meat and fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_goose" title="Roast goose">Roast goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeritos" title="Romeritos">Romeritos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourti%C3%A8re" title="Tourtière">Tourtière</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">meat pie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas" title="Category:Christmas"><span style="color:white">Category</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:Catholic Church in the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Catholic Church in the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church in the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholic Church in the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops%27_Conference_of_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines">Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mass_in_the_Philippines" title="First Mass in the Philippines">First Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Spanish occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus#Philippines" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Expulsion of Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization_movement_in_the_Philippines" title="Secularization movement in the Philippines">Secularization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">First Papal visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%9386)#Martial_Law_(1972–1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1965–86)">Martial Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995 World Youth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Philippines" title="Capital punishment in the Philippines">Death penalty debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_history" title="Contemporary history">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_II" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSA II">EDSA Dos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Family" title="Pontifical Council for the Family">World Meeting of Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Pope_John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of Pope John Paul II">Death of John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Death of Cardinal Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_Parenthood_and_Reproductive_Health_Act_of_2012" title="Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012">Reproductive Health Bill debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Year of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal#Official_English_translations" title="Roman Missal">Revision of the Roman Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod#Sainthood" title="Pedro Calungsod">Canonization of Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_People_March" title="Million People March">Million People March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_by_Pope_Francis_to_the_Philippines" title="Visit by Pope Francis to the Philippines">Pope Francis's visit to the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_International_Eucharistic_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 International Eucharistic Congress">2016 International Eucharistic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Years_of_Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="500 Years of Christianity in the Philippines">500 YOC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">Archdioceses</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cathedrals in the Philippines">cathedrals</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_churches_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Catholic churches in the Philippines">churches</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Caceres" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Caceres">Caceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Capiz" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Capiz">Capiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cebu" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cotabato" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cotabato">Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Davao" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Davao">Davao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Jaro" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jaro">Jaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Lingayen%E2%80%93Dagupan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lingayen–Dagupan">Lingayen–Dagupan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Lipa" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lipa">Lipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Manila" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Nueva_Segovia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia">Nueva Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Ozamiz" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ozamiz">Ozamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Palo" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Palo">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_San_Fernando" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Tuguegarao" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuguegarao">Tuguegarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zamboanga" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga">Zamboanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the Philippines">Dioceses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">Suffragans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Alaminos" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Alaminos">Alaminos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Antipolo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Antipolo">Antipolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bacolod" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bacolod">Bacolod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Baguio" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Baguio">Baguio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Balanga" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Balanga">Balanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bangued" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bangued">Bangued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bayombong" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayombong">Bayombong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Boac" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Boac">Boac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Borongan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Borongan">Borongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Butuan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Butuan">Butuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cabanatuan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cabanatuan">Cabanatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Calbayog" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Calbayog">Calbayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Catarman" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Catarman">Catarman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cubao" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao">Cubao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Daet" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Daet">Daet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Digos" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Digos">Digos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dipolog" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dipolog">Dipolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dumaguete" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumaguete">Dumaguete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gumaca" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Gumaca">Gumaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Iba" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Iba">Iba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ilagan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ilagan">Ilagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Iligan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Iligan">Iligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ipil" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ipil">Ipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Imus" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Imus">Imus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kabankalan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kabankalan">Kabankalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kalookan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalookan">Kalookan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kalibo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalibo">Kalibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kidapawan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kidapawan">Kidapawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Laoag" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Legazpi" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Legazpi">Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Libmanan" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Libmanan">Libmanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Lucena" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Lucena">Lucena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Maasin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Maasin">Maasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Mati" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Mati">Mati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Malaybalay" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Malaybalay">Malaybalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Malolos" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Marbel" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Marbel">Marbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Masbate" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Masbate">Masbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Naval" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Naval">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Novaliches" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Novaliches">Novaliches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pagadian" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pagadian">Pagadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Parañaque">Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pasig" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig">Pasig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Prosperidad" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Prosperidad">Prosperidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Romblon" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Romblon">Romblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Carlos_(Philippines)" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Carlos (Philippines)">San Carlos Borromeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Fernando_de_La_Union" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Fernando de La Union">San Fernando de La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Jose_de_Antique" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose de Antique">San Jose de Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Jose_(Nueva_Ecija)" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose (Nueva Ecija)">San Jose de Nueva Ecija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Pablo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo">San Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sorsogon" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Surigao" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Surigao">Surigao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tagbilaran" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tagbilaran">Tagbilaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tagum" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tagum">Tagum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Talibon" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Talibon">Talibon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tandag" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tandag">Tandag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tarlac" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarlac">Tarlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Urdaneta" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Urdaneta">Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Virac" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Virac">Virac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Ordinariate_of_the_Philippines" title="Military Ordinariate of the Philippines">Military Ordinariate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_prelate" title="Territorial prelate">Territorial prelatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Batanes" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Batanes">Batanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Infanta" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Infanta">Infanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Isabela" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Isabela">Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Marawi" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Marawi">Marawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Bontoc-Lagawe" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Bontoc-Lagawe">Bontoc-Lagawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Calapan" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Calapan">Calapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Jolo" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Jolo">Jolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Puerto_Princesa" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Princesa">Puerto Princesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_San_Jose_in_Mindoro" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of San Jose in Mindoro">San Jose in Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Tabuk" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Tabuk">Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Taytay" title="Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Taytay">Taytay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Prelates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Antonio_Tagle" title="Luis Antonio Tagle">Luis Antonio Tagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Advincula" title="Jose Advincula">Jose Advincula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudencio_Rosales" title="Gaudencio Rosales">Gaudencio Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Quevedo" title="Orlando Quevedo">Orlando Quevedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Andrew_Alarcon" title="Rex Andrew Alarcon">Rex Andrew Alarcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Baccay" title="Ricardo Baccay">Ricardo Baccay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Barnuevo_Bendico" title="Victor Barnuevo Bendico">Victor Bendico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Cabantan" title="Jose Cabantan">José Cabantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Du" title="John F. Du">John Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Garcera" title="Gilbert Garcera">Gilbert Garcera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Jumoad" title="Martin Jumoad">Martin Jumoad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelito_Lampon" title="Angelito Lampon">Angelito Lampon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentino_Lavarias" title="Florentino Lavarias">Florentino Lavarias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Romeo_Lazo" title="Jose Romeo Lazo">Jose Romeo Lazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma" title="José S. Palma">José S. Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlo_Peralta" title="Marlo Peralta">Marlo Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Valles" title="Romulo Valles">Rómulo Valles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_B._Villegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrates B. Villegas">Socrates Villegas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism_for_Filipino_Catholics" title="Catechism for Filipino Catholics">Catechism for Filipino Catholics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Christiana" title="Doctrina Christiana">Doctrina Christiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasyon" title="Pasyon">Pasyón</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" title="List of Filipino Catholic saints and beatified people">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious institute (Catholic)">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Priest#Catholicism_and_Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Priest">Priests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brother_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Catholic)">brothers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_Province_of_the_Most_Holy_Name_of_Jesus_of_the_Philippines" title="Augustinian Province of the Most Holy Name of Jesus of the Philippines">Augustinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_Province_of_Sto._Ni%C3%B1o_de_Cebu,_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinian Province of Sto. Niño de Cebu, Philippines">Augustinian in Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_Recollect_Province_of_Saint_Ezequi%C3%A9l_Moreno" title="Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno">Augustinian Recollects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Word_Missionaries#The_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Word Missionaries">Divine Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers_Philippine_District" title="De La Salle Brothers Philippine District">La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesians_of_Don_Bosco" title="Salesians of Don Bosco">Salesian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Sisters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Dominican_Sisters_of_St._Catherine_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation of the Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena">Dominican Sisters of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Apostolic_Sisters" title="Franciscan Apostolic Sisters">Franciscan Apostolic Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Notre_Dame" title="Oblates of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Religious of the Virgin Mary">Religious of the Virgin Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_devotions" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic devotions">Devotions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_devotions_to_Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic devotions to Jesus Christ">Jesus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nazarene" title="Black Nazarene">Black Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_in_the_Philippines" title="Crucifixion in the Philippines">Crucifixion in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_the_Divine_Mercy_(Philippines)" title="National Shrine of the Divine Mercy (Philippines)">Divine Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ceb%C3%BA" title="Santo Niño de Cebú">Santo Niño de Cebú</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Santo Niño de Arévalo">Santo Niño de Arévalo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calasiao,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Calasiao, Pangasinan">Señor Tesoro</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Marian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Buen_Suceso_de_Para%C3%B1aque" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso de Parañaque">Buen Suceso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Candelaria" title="Virgin of Candelaria">Candelaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_Virgen_del_Santissimo_Rosario,_Reina_de_Caracol" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuestra Señora Virgen del Santissimo Rosario, Reina de Caracol">Caracol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Caysasay" title="Our Lady of Caysasay">Caysasay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guidance" title="Our Lady of Guidance">Guia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronages_of_the_Immaculate_Conception#Philippines" title="Patronages of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Manaoag" title="Our Lady of Manaoag">Manaoag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Our Lady of La Naval de Manila">La Naval de Manila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Peace_and_Good_Voyage" title="Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage">Paz y Buen Viaje</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Pe%C3%B1afrancia" title="Our Lady of Peñafrancia">Peñafrancia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help#The_Philippines" title="Our Lady of Perpetual Help">Perpetual Help</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Piat" title="Our Lady of Piat">Piat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Soledad_de_Porta_Vaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga">Porta Vaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Los_Remedios" title="Virgin of Los Remedios">Remedios</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Salvation" title="Our Lady of Salvation">Salvación</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Turumba" title="Our Lady of Turumba">Turumba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Jose_de_Baras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Jose de Baras (page does not exist)">San José de Baras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as_Church" title="Las Piñas Church">Tata Hosep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christmas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Belén</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Christmas_carols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Filipino Christmas carols">Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift#Gift_Giving_Occasions" title="Gift">Gift giving</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nochebuena" class="mw-redirect" title="Nochebuena">Nochebuena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">Parol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi#Spanish_customs" title="Biblical Magi">Three Kings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simbang_Gabi" title="Simbang Gabi">Simbang Gabi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ati-Atihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ati-Atihan">Ati-Atihan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene" title="Feast of the Black Nazarene">Feast of the Black Nazarene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinagyang" title="Dinagyang">Dinagyang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flores_de_Mayo" title="Flores de Mayo">Flores de Mayo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros_Grand_Marian_Procession" title="Intramuros Grand Marian Procession">Intramuros Grand Marian Procession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obando_Fertility_Rites" title="Obando Fertility Rites">Obando Fertility Rites</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinulog" title="Sinulog">Sinulog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_the_Philippines" title="Holy Week in the Philippines">Holy Week</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Roman Catholic Church">Fasting and abstinence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pabasa_(ritual)" title="Pabasa (ritual)">Pabasa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passion_play#Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion play">Senákulo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Via Crucis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Churches_Visitation" title="Seven Churches Visitation">Visita Iglesia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_Organ" title="Bamboo Organ">Bamboo Organ</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Communal_work#Bayanihan" title="Communal work">Bayanihan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name#Spanish_names_and_saints_used_as_surnames" title="Filipino name">Filipino names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Registry_of_Cultural_Property" title="Philippine Registry of Cultural Property">Historical churches</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mano_(gesture)" title="Mano (gesture)">Mano</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Philippines">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Media_Network" title="Catholic Media Network">Catholic Media Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Notre Dame Broadcasting Corporation">Notre Dame Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maria_Philippines" title="Radio Maria Philippines">Radio Maria Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRV-AM" title="DZRV-AM">Radio Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Maria" title="TV Maria">TV Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Catholic_Television_Network" title="Cebu Catholic Television Network">Cebu Catholic Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Communications_Foundation" title="Jesuit Communications Foundation">Jesuit Communications Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_universities_and_colleges_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines">Schools, colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Agustin" title="University of San Agustin">Augustinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SVD_schools#List_of_schools_run_by_the_Society_of_the_Divine_Word_(SVD)_in_the_Philippines" title="List of SVD schools">Divine Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesuit_educational_institutions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Jesuit educational institutions in the Philippines">Jesuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Philippines" title="De La Salle Philippines">La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Educational_Association" title="Notre Dame Educational Association">Notre Dame</a></li> <li>Dominican <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas_System" title="University of Santo Tomas System">University of Santo Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamson_University" title="Adamson University">Vincentian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Laity" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Laity">Laity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Women%27s_League" title="Catholic Women's League">Catholic Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_for_Christ" title="Couples for Christ">Couples for Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai_(movement)" title="El Shaddai (movement)">El Shaddai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Rosary_Crusade" title="Family Rosary Crusade">Family Rosary Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus" title="Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_Pastoral_Council_for_Responsible_Voting" title="Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting">Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Sanchez" title="Bo Sanchez">The Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Worldwide_Prayer_Network" title="Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network">Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Filipino">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontificio_Collegio_Filippino" title="Pontificio Collegio Filippino">Pontificio Collegio Filippino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Ruiz_Chapel_(New_York_City)" title="San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel (New York City)">San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" 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href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Indonesia" title="Christmas in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Israel" title="Christmas in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia" title="Christmas in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christmas_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christmas in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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