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Kewajiban pelayanan publik - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-PSO_di_Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PSO_di_Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>PSO di Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PSO_di_Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kewajiban pelayanan publik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Terdapat 5 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_obligation" title="Public service obligation – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Public service obligation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligaci%C3%B3n_de_servicio_p%C3%BAblico" title="Obligación de servicio público – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Obligación de servicio público" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostoliikenne" title="Ostoliikenne – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ostoliikenne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obriga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_servi%C3%A7o_p%C3%BAblico" title="Obrigação de serviço público – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Obrigação de serviço público" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Зобов&#039;язання щодо надання публічних послуг – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зобов&#039;язання щодо надання публічних послуг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7257987#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;oldid=24243919" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;action=info" title="Informasi 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7257987" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kewajiban pelayanan publik</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <i><span lang="en">public service obligation</span></i> atau <b>PSO</b>), terutama berlaku berdasarkan hukum transportasi <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>, adalah kebijakan <a href="/wiki/Pemerintah" title="Pemerintah">pemerintah</a> kepada perusahaan (umumnya <a href="/wiki/BUMN" class="mw-redirect" title="BUMN">BUMN</a>) untuk memberikan <a href="/wiki/Subsidi" title="Subsidi">subsidi</a>, antara lain memberikan perusahaan tersebut suatu hak <a href="/wiki/Monopoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoli">monopoli</a> untuk mengoperasikan <a href="/wiki/Transportasi_publik" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportasi publik">transportasi publik</a> dalam jangka waktu tertentu, umumnya setiap setahun sekali. </p><p>Umumnya PSO dilaksanakan karena operator tidak memiliki cukup <a href="/wiki/Biaya_operasional" title="Biaya operasional">biaya operasional</a> rute-rutenya untuk meraup keuntungan di <a href="/wiki/Pasar_bebas" title="Pasar bebas">pasar bebas</a>, tetapi dapat memberikan keuntungan sosial pada transportasinya. Penggunaan PSO dapat diterapkan pada segala macam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moda_transportasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moda transportasi (halaman belum tersedia)">moda transportasi</a> publik, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Pesawat_udara" title="Pesawat udara">pesawat udara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kereta_api" title="Kereta api">kereta api</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapal" title="Kapal">kapal</a>, dll, bahkan kini dapat digunakan untuk semua barang yang dikuasai oleh negara, penting bagi negara, dan untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Dalam beberapa kasus pengenalan PSO merupakan cara untuk mem<a href="/wiki/Privatisasi" title="Privatisasi">privatisasi</a> operator milik negara. Prasarana dipisahkan dari sarananya, dan dapat dimiliki oleh pihak ketiga ataupun pemerintah, dan pemerintah terkadang juga ikut campur dalam mengelola sarananya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PSO_di_Indonesia">PSO di Indonesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: PSO di Indonesia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: PSO di Indonesia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PSO di <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> merupakan salah satu jenis subsidi yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. PSO di Indonesia dilatarbelakangi disparitas (perbedaan) harga pokok penjualan BUMN/swasta dengan harga yang ditetapkan Pemerintah agar pelayanan produk atau jasa terjamin dan terjangkau oleh publik. Pemerintah memberikan penugasan kepada BUMN untuk menyelenggarakan fungsi kemanfaatan umum dengan tetap mempertahankan maksud dan tujuan kegiatan BUMN itu sendiri. Apabila tidak viabel menurut kajian secara finansial, Pemerintah memberikan kompensasi atas semua biaya yang dikeluarkan BUMN itu termasuk margin yang diharapkan. Akibatnya, terjadi intervensi politik dalam penentuan harga.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contoh perusahaan BUMN atau lembaga yang menerima PSO adalah <a href="/wiki/PT_Kereta_Api_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="PT Kereta Api Indonesia">PT Kereta Api Indonesia</a> (operator kereta api), <a href="/wiki/Perum_DAMRI" class="mw-redirect" title="Perum DAMRI">Perum DAMRI</a> (operator <a href="/wiki/Perum_DAMRI#Angkutan_perintis" class="mw-redirect" title="Perum DAMRI">bus perintis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bus_kota" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus kota">bus perkotaan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pos_Indonesia" title="Pos Indonesia">PT Pos Indonesia</a> (jasa layanan pos), <a href="/wiki/Pelayaran_Nasional_Indonesia" title="Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia">PT Pelni</a> (perusahaan pelayaran), dan <a href="/wiki/TVRI" class="mw-redirect" title="TVRI">TVRI</a> (stasiun televisi). Jadi, walaupun asal mula PSO berawal dari sektor transportasi, tetapi PSO juga sudah diterapkan ke sektor komunikasi. </p><p>PSO di Indonesia lebih identik dengan <a href="/wiki/Kereta_api" title="Kereta api">kereta api</a>. Apabila perusahaan operator sarana sudah tidak menerima PSO tersebut, mau tidak mau operator harus menaikkan harga <a href="/wiki/Tiket" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tiket">tiket</a>. Hal ini terkadang menimbulkan <a href="/wiki/Protes" class="mw-redirect" title="Protes">protes</a> masyarakat jika tuntutan kepada operator sarana tidak dipenuhi. Sebagai contoh, pada <a href="/wiki/Januari" title="Januari">Januari</a> <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>, subsidi kereta api ekonomi jarak jauh dan menengah dihapus; kemudian diganti dengan tarif komersial (yang salah satu contohnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Kereta_api_Gaya_Baru_Malam_Selatan" title="Kereta api Gaya Baru Malam Selatan">KA GBMS</a>). Keadaan ini dapat saja menimbulkan protes oleh sejumlah elemen masyarakat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subsidi" title="Subsidi">Subsidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidi_perkeretaapian" title="Subsidi perkeretaapian">Subsidi perkeretaapian</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134416/http://www.anggaran.depkeu.go.id/web-content-list.asp?ContentId=193">"Ditjen Anggaran: PSO"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anggaran.depkeu.go.id/web-content-list.asp?ContentId=193">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ditjen+Anggaran%3A+PSO&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anggaran.depkeu.go.id%2Fweb-content-list.asp%3FContentId%3D193&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKewajiban+pelayanan+publik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2014/10/10/penghapusan-pso-kereta-api-ekonomi-jarak-jauh-dan-sedang-langgar-uu">TribunNews: Penghapusan PSO Jarak Jauh dan Sedang Langgar UU</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ThreeCoins.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ThreeCoins.svg/40px-ThreeCoins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ThreeCoins.svg/60px-ThreeCoins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ThreeCoins.svg/80px-ThreeCoins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik ekonomi ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kewajiban_pelayanan_publik&amp;action=edit">mengembangkannya</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ekonomi-stub" title="Templat:Ekonomi-stub"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Ekonomi-stub" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ekonomi-stub"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ekonomi-stub&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18342415"><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sinnbild_Kraftrad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sinnbild_Kraftrad.svg/40px-Sinnbild_Kraftrad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sinnbild_Kraftrad.svg/60px-Sinnbild_Kraftrad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sinnbild_Kraftrad.svg/80px-Sinnbild_Kraftrad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik transportasi ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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