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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A0ndard_de_facto" title="Estàndard de facto – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estàndard de facto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industriestandard" title="Industriestandard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Industriestandard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1ndar_de_facto" title="Estándar de facto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estándar de facto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%8B%A4%EC%83%81_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80" title="사실상 표준 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사실상 표준" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83_(%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B)" title="तथ्यतः (डी फैक्टो) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तथ्यतः (डी फैक्टो)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto_umgangatho" title="De facto umgangatho – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="De facto umgangatho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_industriale" title="Standard industriale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Standard industriale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="デファクトスタンダード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デファクトスタンダード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_de_facto" title="Standard de facto – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Standard de facto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b><i>de facto</i> standard</b> is a custom or <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">convention</a> that is commonly used even though its use is not required. </p><p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">De facto</a></i></span> is a Latin phrase (literally "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/de_facto" class="extiw" title="wikt:de facto">of fact</a>"), here meaning "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established". </p><p>A <i>de facto</i> standard contrasts an <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standard</a> which is defined by an organization such as <a href="/wiki/International_Standards_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standards Organization">International Standards Organization</a>, or a standard required by law (also known as <a href="/wiki/De_jure_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="De jure standard"><i>de jure</i> standards</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Joint technical committee on information technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) developed a procedure in order for de facto standards to be processed through the formal standardization system to be transformed into international standards from <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a> a voluntary standard that is also a <i>de facto</i> standard is a typical solution to a <a href="/wiki/Coordination_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordination problem">coordination problem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ulmann_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulmann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The choice of a <i>de facto</i> standard tends to be stable in situations in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. In contrast, an enforced de jure standard is a solution to the <a href="/wiki/Prisoner%27s_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoner's problem">prisoner's problem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ulmann_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulmann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of some well known <i>de facto</i> standards: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Drive_side" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive side">driver's seat side</a> in a given country often starts as a user/industry preference, turning to a local tradition, then a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_code" title="Traffic code">traffic code</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> layout was one of several options for the layout of letters on <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> (and later <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyboard (computing)">keyboard</a>) keys.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-mover_advantage" title="First-mover advantage">Early entrance to the market</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="File_formats">File formats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: File formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> was first created in 1993 by <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe</a>. Adobe internal standards were part of its <a href="/wiki/Software_quality" title="Software quality">software quality</a> systems, but they were neither published nor coordinated by a standards body. With the <a href="/wiki/Acrobat_Reader" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrobat Reader">Acrobat Reader</a> program available for free, and continued support of the format, PDF eventually became the <i>de facto</i> standard for printable documents. In 2005, <a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">PDF/A</a> became a <a href="/wiki/De_jure_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="De jure standard">de jure standard</a> as <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> 19005-1:2005.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008 Adobe's PDF 1.7 became <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> 32000-1:2008.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">AutoCAD DXF</a>, an <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> format for import and export of <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> drawings and fragments in the 1980s and 1990s. In the 2000s, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> based standards emerged as <i>de facto</i> standards.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> audio format started as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a> for internet music distribution, then replaced it. It is now supported by the vast majority of music players, <a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">audio transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_server" title="Media server">audio storage</a>, and non-commercial media</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> <a href="/wiki/DOC_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="DOC (computing)">DOC</a>. Due to the market dominance of Word, it is supported by all office applications that intend to compete with it, typically by <a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse engineering</a> the undocumented file format. Microsoft has repeatedly internally changed the file specification between versions of Word to suit their own needs, while continuing to reuse the same file extension identifier for different versions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_values" title="Comma-separated values">CSV</a> file formats, commonly used in science and engineering, with FITS traditionally used in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connectors_and_interconnect_standards">Connectors and interconnect standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Connectors and interconnect standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">Phone connector</a> (3.5 mm jack), <a href="/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA</a> and <a href="/wiki/XLR_connector" title="XLR connector">XLR</a> connectors, used in the audio industry for connecting audio equipment such as headphones, mixing desks, microphones, stage lighting, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> connection (using <a href="/wiki/DIN_connector" title="DIN connector">DIN connector</a> or Phone connector), electrical and protocol standard for connecting musical instruments, synthesizers, drum machines, sequencers, and some audio equipment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMX512" title="DMX512">DMX512</a> (commonly just DMX) with <a href="/wiki/XLR_connector" title="XLR connector">XLR connector</a> to control and sometimes power stage and venue lights, effects, smoke machines, laser projectors, and pyrotechnics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> electrical and mechanical interface, and interconnect protocol used in computers, servers, and industrial applications.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPIB" title="GPIB">GPIB</a>, multi-device bus protocol, mechanical and electronic interface commonly found in electronic test equipment, e.g. digital <a href="/wiki/Multimeter" title="Multimeter">multimeters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">oscilloscopes</a>, etc. Initially created by Hewlett <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> as HP-IP. Commonly used with <a href="/wiki/SCPI" class="mw-redirect" title="SCPI">SCPI</a> protocol.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Display_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Display Port">Display Port</a>, <a href="/wiki/VGA" class="mw-redirect" title="VGA">VGA</a> for video, <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> for low bandwidth serial communication.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> for high speed serial interface in computers and for powering or charging low power external devices (like mobile phones, headphones, portable hard drives) usually using micro USB plug and socket.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNC_connector" title="BNC connector">BNC</a> for medium frequency signal in electronic engineering testing (commonly used by signal generators, oscilloscopes, multimeters, etc.) and sometimes in video signal delivery between devices in studios and other professional settings.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMP_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="AMP Incorporated">AMP</a>'s AMP MATE-N-LOK / <a href="/wiki/Molex_connector" title="Molex connector">Molex</a>'s Standard .093" Pin Power plug and socket, commonly used on hard drives, and other medium power devices both in PC, server, industrial applications, and others where standardized power connector for 5V and 12V is required, and off the shelf <a href="/wiki/Power_supply_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Power supply unit">PSU</a> can be used. In embedded applications it is usually replaced with smaller square connector, that is easier to connect.</li> <li>2.54 mm (0.1 inch) pin spacing on many electronic components, including <a href="/wiki/Dual_in-line_package" title="Dual in-line package">DIP</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_in-line-_package&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dual in-line- package (page does not exist)">SIL</a> packages, <a href="/wiki/Header_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Header connector">header connectors</a>, and many more. The standard spacing enable use of these devices in prototyping boards and standardized sockets.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-20mA" class="mw-redirect" title="4-20mA">4-20mA</a> current loop, used in industrial control and automation.</li> <li>3.5 inch and 2.5 inch hard drives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">19-inch rack</a> standards for telecommunication, server, storage, audio, music, video, and power equipment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATX" title="ATX">ATX</a> motherboard, back plane, and power standards.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materials_and_units_of_packaging">Materials and units of packaging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Materials and units of packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">Soldering</a> alloys in electronics, like <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">Sn<sub class="template-chem2-sub">60</sub>Pb<sub class="template-chem2-sub">40</sub></span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_alloy" title="Aluminium alloy">Aluminium alloys</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/6061_aluminium_alloy" title="6061 aluminium alloy">6061</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">Intermodal</a> 48-foot container.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Many American-made <a href="/wiki/Spark_plugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark plugs">spark plugs</a> require a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>-inch hex socket (21mm) to remove or install.</li> <li>The 1/2 inch (12.7mm) spacing of the rollers in a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_chain" title="Bicycle chain">bicycle chain</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> (PC). By one year after its 1981 release, <a href="/wiki/John_Dvorak" class="mw-redirect" title="John Dvorak">John Dvorak</a> described the PC as rapidly becoming a "de facto standard microcomputer".<sup id="cite_ref-zussman19820823_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zussman19820823-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, it gained a large share of the personal computer market. Because of the great <a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_IBM_PC_on_the_personal_computer_market" title="Influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market">influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market</a>, competing products like the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_100" title="Rainbow 100">Rainbow 100</a> were eventually withdrawn.</li> <li>Programming languages that have multiple implementations such as <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> tend to also have a <i>de facto</i> standard. In PHP's case the <i>de facto</i> standard is the binaries available from php.net, rather than the <a href="/wiki/Phalanger_(compiler)" title="Phalanger (compiler)">Phalanger</a> implementation.</li> <li>Use of programming languages <a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a> and <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> in science and engineering disciplines, other than computer science, where automated analysis of data is required, while remaining simple enough for a non-professional.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system, commonly used in creating scientific articles and reports for publication (in fact many journals require the publication to be fully written in TeX).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardization_disputes">Standardization disputes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Standardization disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many examples of <i>de facto</i> consolidation of a standard by market forces and <a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">competition</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Two-sided_market" title="Two-sided market">two-sided market</a>, after a <a href="/wiki/Format_war" title="Format war">dispute</a>. Examples: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">Alternating current</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_currents" title="War of the currents">war of the currents</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> over <a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Videotape_format_war" title="Videotape format war">videotape format war</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> during the <a href="/wiki/High_definition_optical_disc_format_war" class="mw-redirect" title="High definition optical disc format war">high definition optical disc format war</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> (SVG) over <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animations</a>.</li></ul> <p>An example of an ongoing dispute is <a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a>'s <a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">OpenDocument</a> format <i>vs</i> Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> format.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_evangelism" title="Platform evangelism">Platform evangelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_tradition" title="Appeal to tradition">Appeal to tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominant_design" title="Dominant design">Dominant design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embrace,_extend,_and_extinguish" title="Embrace, extend, and extinguish">Embrace, extend, and extinguish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format_war" title="Format war">Format war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonization_(standards)" title="Harmonization (standards)">Harmonization (standards)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_ossification" title="Protocol ossification">Protocol ossification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specification_(technical_standard)" title="Specification (technical standard)">Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical standard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_facto_standard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCampbellPentzBorthwick2012" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Robert; Pentz, Ed; Borthwick, Ian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/academic-and-professional/9781843346692/"><i>Academic and Professional Publishing</i></a>. Chandos Publishing. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Academic+and+Professional+Publishing&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Chandos+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Pentz%2C+Ed&rft.au=Borthwick%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearning.oreilly.com%2Flibrary%2Fview%2Facademic-and-professional%2F9781843346692%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docplayer.net/23885374-International-standards-and-private-standards.html"><i>International standards and private standards</i></a>. Geneva,Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. February 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-67-10518-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-67-10518-5"><bdi>978-92-67-10518-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+standards+and+private+standards&rft.place=Geneva%2CSwitzerland&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.date=2010-02&rft.isbn=978-92-67-10518-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocplayer.net%2F23885374-International-standards-and-private-standards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADe+facto+standard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ulmann-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ulmann_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ulmann_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdna_Ullmann-Margalit2015" class="citation book cs1">Edna Ullmann-Margalit (5 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9FLCBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA94"><i>The Emergence of Norms</i></a>. 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