CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wikipedia:Naming conventions (chemistry) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"257e8ce5-bdc9-411c-8a62-ba3608a355e5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Project","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":4,"wgPageName":"Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)","wgTitle":"Naming conventions (chemistry)","wgCurRevisionId":1244139968,"wgRevisionId":1244139968,"wgArticleId":860842,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Wikipedia naming conventions","WikiProject Chemistry"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)","wgRelevantArticleId":860842,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15868585", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES =["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (chemistry) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-4 ns-subject mw-editable page-Wikipedia_Naming_conventions_chemistry rootpage-Wikipedia_Naming_conventions_chemistry skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Wikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Wikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-General_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>General rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organic_compound_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organic_compound_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organic compound names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organic_compound_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_periodic_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_periodic_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The periodic table</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_periodic_table-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The periodic table subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_periodic_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_scandium_group_(group_3)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_scandium_group_(group_3)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>The scandium group (group 3)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_scandium_group_(group_3)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-column_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-column_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Non-column groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-column_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18_vs_32_columns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18_vs_32_columns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>18 vs 32 columns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18_vs_32_columns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Blocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categorising_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorising_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Categorising elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorising_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Element_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Element_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Element names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Element_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Isotopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theoretical_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theoretical_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Theoretical elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theoretical_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Capitalization of elements and compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prefixes_in_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prefixes_in_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Prefixes in titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prefixes_in_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_Stock_nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_Stock_nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Use of Stock nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_Stock_nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug-related_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug-related_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Drug-related articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug-related_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redirects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redirects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Redirects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redirects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Exceptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groups_of_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups_of_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Groups of compounds</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Groups_of_compounds-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Groups of compounds subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Groups_of_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Organic compound classes and functional groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organometallic_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organometallic_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Organometallic compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organometallic_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Naming conventions (chemistry)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Llibre_d%27estil/Composts_qu%C3%ADmics" title="Viquipèdia:Llibre d'estil/Composts químics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquipèdia:Llibre d'estil/Composts químics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Convenciones_de_t%C3%ADtulos/qu%C3%ADmica" title="Wikipedia:Convenciones de títulos/química – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Convenciones de títulos/química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Zalecenia_dotycz%C4%85ce_nazewnictwa_chemicznego" title="Wikipedia:Zalecenia dotyczące nazewnictwa chemicznego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Zalecenia dotyczące nazewnictwa chemicznego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:T%C3%AAn_b%C3%A0i_(h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Wikipedia:Tên bài (hóa học) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Tên bài (hóa học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (化学) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:命名常规 (化学)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15868585#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-project" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" title="View the project page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Project page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&oldid=1244139968" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWikipedia%3ANaming_conventions_%28chemistry%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWikipedia%3ANaming_conventions_%28chemistry%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wikipedia%3ANaming_conventions_%28chemistry%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15868585" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Blue tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> documents an English Wikipedia <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_naming_conventions" title="Category:Wikipedia naming conventions">naming convention</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">Editors should generally follow it, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">exceptions</a> may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PGCHANGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PGCHANGE">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" title="Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (chemistry)">this guideline's talk page</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CHEMNAME"></span><span id="WP:NCCHEM"></span><span id="WP:MOSCHEM/NAME"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CHEMNAME&redirect=no">WP:CHEMNAME</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NCCHEM&redirect=no">WP:NCCHEM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MOSCHEM/NAME&redirect=no">WP:MOSCHEM/NAME</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:1px solid #a3b1bf;width:auto;background:#f5faff;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#cee0f2;"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></i></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cee0f2; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.4em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Chemboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:InChI" title="Wikipedia:InChI">InChI</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_safety" title="Wikipedia:Chemical safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and<br/>external links</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemistry_templates" title="Category:Chemistry templates">Templates</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Category:Chemistry_citation_templates" title="Category:Chemistry citation templates">citation</a>)</span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232484023">.mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#f5faff;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title{background:#cee0f2;font-size:130%;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;margin-bottom:6px}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#cee0f2;padding:0.1em 0.7em 0.15em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content,.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding-top:0.15em}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .help-box{width:auto;max-width:22em}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint hlist" style="font-size:85%;width:23.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><span style="font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> All naming conventions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_naming_conventions" title="Category:Wikipedia naming conventions">Category:Wikipedia naming conventions</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Nature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(fauna)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (fauna)">Fauna (animals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(flora)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (flora)">Flora (plants)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Arts</li> <li>Entertainment</li> <li>Media</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (books)">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(broadcasting)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (broadcasting)">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(comics)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (comics)">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(films)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (films)">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(manuscripts)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (manuscripts)">Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(music)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (music)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(operas)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (operas)">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(television)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (television)">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(video_games)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (video games)">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts#Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people)">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(clergy)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (clergy)">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ethnicities_and_tribes)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ethnicities and tribes)">Ethnicities and tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(royalty_and_nobility)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (royalty and nobility)">Royalty and nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(sportspeople)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (sportspeople)">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(baseball_players)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (baseball players)">Baseball players</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Science</li> <li>Technology</li> <li>Transport</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(astronomical_objects)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (astronomical objects)">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles#Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(languages)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (languages)">Programming languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(aircraft)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (aircraft)">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ships)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ships)">Ships</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Government</li> <li>Politics</li> <li>Law</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(government_and_legislation)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (government and legislation)">Government and legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(political_parties)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (political parties)">Political parties</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(companies)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (companies)">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Latter Day Saints)">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(sports_teams)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (sports teams)">Sports teams</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Numbers</li> <li>Dates</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(numbers_and_dates)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (numbers and dates)">Numbers and dates</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Places</li> <li>Events</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(events)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (events)">Events</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <ul><li>Lists</li> <li>Categories</li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Category_names" title="Wikipedia:Category names">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists#Naming_conventions" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(long_lists)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (long lists)">Long lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Naming_conventions" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming conventions">Stub sorting</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Language/country-specific</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(writing_systems)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (writing systems)">Writing systems</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(languages)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (languages)">All languages</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(country-specific_topics)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (country-specific topics)">All countries</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(ancient_Romans)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ancient Romans)">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Armenian)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Armenian)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(places_in_Bangladesh)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (places in Bangladesh)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Burmese)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Burmese)">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Chinese)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Chinese)">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Germany/Conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Germany/Conventions">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Greek)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Greek)">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Hebrew)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Hebrew)">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Indic)">Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(Ireland-related_articles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (Ireland-related articles)">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Korean)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Mongolian)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Mongolian)">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(New_Zealand)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Norse_mythology)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Norse mythology)">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanization_of_Russian" title="Wikipedia:Romanization of Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Tibetan)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Tibetan)">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanization_of_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Romanization of Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Formatting</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(capitalization)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)">Use English</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(definite_or_indefinite_article_at_beginning_of_name)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (definite or indefinite article at beginning of name)">Definite or indefinite article at beginning of name</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(plurals)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (plurals)">Plurals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations#Acronyms_in_page_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Acronyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">Technical restrictions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Naming_conventions" title="Template:Naming conventions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Naming_conventions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Naming conventions (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Naming_conventions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Naming conventions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="General_rule" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_rule"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_rule"></span>General rule<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_rule"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions">Wikipedia:Naming conventions</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Generally, article naming should give priority to what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity, while at the same time making linking to those articles easy and second nature.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Organic_compound_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Organic_compound_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Organic_compound_names"></span>Organic compound names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Organic_compound_names"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organic compound names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:OCHEMNAME"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:OCHEMNAME&redirect=no">WP:OCHEMNAME</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Trivial_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivial names">Trivial names</a> (non-systematic, or "common" names) are favored for use in titles of articles for organic compounds instead of <a href="/wiki/Systematic_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Systematic names">systematic names</a>. Trivial names are usually different from the <a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">preferred name</a> following <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">IUPAC nomenclature</a>. For compounds lacking trivial names, as is often the case for complex structures, <a href="/wiki/Substitutive_nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Substitutive nomenclature">substitutive nomenclature</a> or other systematic names may be used. The general rule is to use the name most commonly used to refer to the compound, as evidenced by use in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable sources</a> (in line with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">WP:COMMONNAME</a>). </p><p>Classes of compounds may have more specific guidance on naming, such as the use of <a href="/wiki/International_nonproprietary_name" title="International nonproprietary name">international nonproprietary names</a> for <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">pharmaceutical compounds</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NCMED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NCMED">WP:NCMED</a> and <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Drug-related_articles">below</a>). </p><p>Examples of use of trivial names and not systematic names include: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">acetic acid</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">ethanoic acid</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">toluene</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">methylbenzene</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">lysine</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">2,6-diaminohexanoic acid</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">1-pentanol</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">pentan-1-ol</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">benzaldehyde</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">benzenecarbaldehyde</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">diethyl ether</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">ethoxyethane</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">benzophenone</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">diphenylmethanone</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Systematic and other accepted names for the compound not used as the article title should instead be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REDIRECT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REDIRECT">redirects</a> tagged with the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:R_from_alternative_name" title="Template:R from alternative name">R from alternative name</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template and listed in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CHEMBOX" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CHEMBOX">chembox</a> as other names, with especially significant alternative names <a href="/wiki/MOS:BOLDALTNAMES" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BOLDALTNAMES">mentioned in the lede in bold font</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="The_periodic_table" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_periodic_table"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_periodic_table"></span>The periodic table<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_periodic_table"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The periodic table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PERIODIC"></span><span id="WP:PERIODICTABLE"></span><span id="MOS:PERIODICTABLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PERIODIC&redirect=no">WP:PERIODIC</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PERIODICTABLE&redirect=no">WP:PERIODICTABLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PERIODICTABLE&redirect=no">MOS:PERIODICTABLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groups" data-mw-thread-id="h-Groups-The_periodic_table"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Groups-The_periodic_table"></span>Groups<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Groups-The_periodic_table"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">groups</a> of <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">the periodic table</a> are numbered left to right as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">1</span>–<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">18</span>, with the f-block groups (columns) unnumbered, as recommended by <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> (1988).<sup id="cite_ref-Fluck_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>Note that "group" has a chemical meaning and "column" has the tabular meaning.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Alternatively, they may be named by their first element, e.g. "<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">boron group</span>" for group 13.<sup id="cite_ref-redbook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (But per below, avoid <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">iron group</span> for <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">group 8</span> as ambiguous.)</li> <li>In the 1–18 scheme, f-block groups are unnumbered. There is no widely-agreed system of numbering these groups in the literature, so one should not be used.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Avoid labeling these groups as <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">n/a</span> (for not applicable?, or not available i.e. "not found yet"?). Best is to leave this group number blank. Provide textual description when needed. This also applies to any (theoretical) g-block groups.</dd> <dd>To refer to such a group (column), list the elements explicitly, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">ytterbium and nobelium</span>. Do not name by first element (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">ytterbium group</span>). The reasons for this are that many of the expected first-element names have other meanings as rare earth separation groups (see "Non-column groups" below), and that referring to individual f-block groups in the literature is rare (so it's better to be explicit).</dd></dl> <ul><li>Hydrogen belongs to <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">group 1</span> (<i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">group 17</span> or <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">floating outside all groups</span>), and helium belongs to <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">group 18</span> (<i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">group 2</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Fluck_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2021IUPAC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021IUPAC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"halogen" and "noble gas" are used to refer to the entirety of groups 17 and 18, per a 2016 IUPAC report about naming new elements<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources focusing on <a href="/wiki/Superheavy_element" title="Superheavy element">superheavy elements</a> may not consider <a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">tennessine</a> (Ts) to be a halogen, or <a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">oganesson</a> (Og) to be a noble gas, as their predicted chemistry is generally supposed to be quite different from those of their lighter congeners. Such more limited usage should be explained before its first occurrence.</li> <li>A few groups have IUPAC-approved names, called <i>trivial name</i>, that may also be used:</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">alkali metal</span> = group 1 except <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a></dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">alkaline earth metal</span> = group 2</dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">triels</span> = group 13</dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tetrels</span> = group 14</dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">pnictogen</span> = group 15 (earlier <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">pentels</span>)</dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">chalcogen</span> = group 16</dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">halogen</span> = group 17</dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">noble gas</span> = group 18</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Triels</span> (group 13), <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tetrels</span> (group 14) and <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">pentels</span> (group 15) have been previously recommended by IUPAC (in 1970), and the former two are still <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupac.org/project/2016-001-2-300/">used by them</a>, though they are not in the most recent Red Book. Avoid rarer synonyms like <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">icosagen</span> (group 13) and <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">crystallogen</span> (group 14).</li> <li>Avoid <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">coinage metal</span> for <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">group 11</span>, since "metal used for making coins" (see <a href="/wiki/Coinage_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Coinage metal">coinage metal</a>) contains also metals outside of group 11, and roentgenium in group 11 is (for obvious reasons) not used for coins.</li> <li>The group numberings with Roman numbers and "A" and "B" suffixes (like <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">VIIA</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">VIII</span>) should not be used, as they are outdated and ambiguous. For example, in the CAS scheme "<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">group VIIB</span>" denotes <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">manganese group</span> (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">group 7</span>), while in the old IUPAC scheme it denotes <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">halogen group</span> (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">group 17</span>). If they are used at all, context should clarify (disambiguate) into the 1–18 numbering. Care should be taken when translating old sources that use this nomenclature to modern terminology.</li> <li>Some <i>sets of groups</i> have names: <ul><li>The <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">main group elements</span> are the elements of groups 1, 2, and 13–18 (i.e. the s-block and p-block).<sup id="cite_ref-principles_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-principles-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">transition elements</span> are the elements of groups 3–12 (i.e. the d-block) – this in particular <i>includes</i> group 12 (although some sources do not include it).<sup id="cite_ref-principles_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-principles-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">inner transition elements</span> are f-block elements.<sup id="cite_ref-redbook_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_scandium_group_(group_3)" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_scandium_group_(group_3)-Groups"><span id="The_scandium_group_.28group_3.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_scandium_group_(group_3)-Groups"></span>The scandium group (group 3)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_scandium_group_(group_3)-Groups"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The scandium group (group 3)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:SCANDIUM"></span><span id="WP:GROUP3"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SCANDIUM&redirect=no">WP:SCANDIUM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:GROUP3&redirect=no">WP:GROUP3</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>The scandium group should <i>by default</i> be treated as containing <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the elements scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lutetium (Lu), and lawrencium (Lr)</span>. <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Lanthanum (La) and actinium (Ac)</span>, which in some sources take the positions of lutetium and lawrencium (especially in older sources), should <i>not</i> be in group 3. Care should be taken when employing sources that mention "group 3" or "group IIIB" or "group IIIA", since they may not always use this arrangement.</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>This group 3 set is established per the 1988 IUPAC report<sup id="cite_ref-Fluck_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and per a subsequent 2021 provisional report by a IUPAC project dedicated to this constitution question<sup id="cite_ref-2021IUPAC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021IUPAC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>In fact, the old classification was based on erroneous early measurements of electron configurations,<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen1982_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen1982-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was already criticised as "incorrect" by <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Lifshitz" title="Evgeny Lifshitz">Evgeny Lifshitz</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Landau_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landau-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IUPAC report convention is accepted by most chemists and physicists considering the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mustdie_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mustdie-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Note that the so-called "IUPAC(-published) periodic table" is not actually approved by IUPAC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It leaves the spaces below yttrium blank, and there is significant confusion among (and within) sources on whether that includes the lanthanides and actinides in group 3 or not;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hence this form is also best avoided.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Alternative compositions of group 3 may be illustrated when describing the dispute, e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Group_3_element#Composition" title="Group 3 element">Group 3 element#Composition</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-column_groups" data-mw-thread-id="h-Non-column_groups-Groups"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Non-column_groups-Groups"></span>Non-column groups<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Non-column_groups-Groups"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Non-column groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In case of commonly named "groups" that are not a column, such as <a href="/wiki/Platinum_group" title="Platinum group">Platinum group</a> or <a href="/wiki/Iron_group" title="Iron group">Iron group</a>, care should be taken that no confusion remains with column-wise periodic table group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18_vs_32_columns" data-mw-thread-id="h-18_vs_32_columns-The_periodic_table"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-18_vs_32_columns-The_periodic_table"></span>18 vs 32 columns<span data-mw-comment-end="h-18_vs_32_columns-The_periodic_table"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 18 vs 32 columns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/512px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="512" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/768px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg/1024px-Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-blocks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="638"/></a><figcaption>The 18-column format used on Wikipedia; see below for the 32-column format that is also used</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The periodic table can be displayed in either 18- or 32-column format, with the 32-column format as in Fig. 4 of the aforementioned 2021 IUPAC report. The forms present the same scientific statement and should be consistent with each other. The 18-column format cuts out the f-block rows, containing the elements lanthanum (La) through <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a> (Yb) and actinium (Ac) through <a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">nobelium</a> (No), and places them at the bottom of the table.<sup id="cite_ref-Fluck_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fluck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asterisks should be placed between groups 2 and 3 to indicate the theoretical position of these cut-out rows.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Note that these f-block rows <i>do not equal</i> the <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanides</a>/lanthanoids (La–Lu) and <a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">actinides</a>/actinoids (Ac–Lr) which commonly extend to include lutetium and lawrencium.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Other structures, e.g. the Janet left-step or the 8-group form, should only be used when <i>specifically</i> illustrating such alternative periodic tables.</li></ul> <table class="" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #a9a9a9" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="background:#e0e0e0; box-sizing: border-box;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(32-column form)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)" title="Template:Periodic table (32 columns, compact)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)" title="Template talk:Periodic table (32 columns, compact)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic table (32 columns, compact)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block">B</span></a></span> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block">C</span></a></span> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block">N</span></a></span> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen"><span style="display:block">O</span></a></span> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine"><span style="display:block">F</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a></span> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus"><span style="display:block">P</span></a></span> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block">S</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="display:block">K</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a></span> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block">V</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a></span> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block">As</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a></span> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block">I</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a></span> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a></span> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block">W</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a></span> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block">At</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a></span> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a></span> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33" style="padding:0;"> <div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; padding:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blocks" data-mw-thread-id="h-Blocks-The_periodic_table"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Blocks-The_periodic_table"></span>Blocks<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Blocks-The_periodic_table"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Blocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At this English wiki, the preferred presentation coloring scheme of the elements is by blocks (s, p, d, or f). </p><p>The colours to be used are given in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Element_color" title="Template:Element color">Element color</a>}}</code>: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff9999; color:;"> </span> </span> <code style="border:thin solid var(--border-color-base, #caa);background-color:var(--color-inverted, white);color:inherit;padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;">s-block</code> → <code>#ff9999</code> </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fdff8c; color:;"> </span> </span> <code style="border:thin solid var(--border-color-base, #caa);background-color:var(--color-inverted, white);color:inherit;padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;">p-block</code> → <code>#fdff8c</code> </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#99ccff; color:;"> </span> </span> <code style="border:thin solid var(--border-color-base, #caa);background-color:var(--color-inverted, white);color:inherit;padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;">d-block</code> → <code>#99ccff</code> </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9bff99; color:;"> </span> </span> <code style="border:thin solid var(--border-color-base, #caa);background-color:var(--color-inverted, white);color:inherit;padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;">f-block</code> → <code>#9bff99</code> </li></ul> <p>This template also gives colours for the higher orbitals: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fd99ff; color:;"> </span> </span> <code style="border:thin solid var(--border-color-base, #caa);background-color:var(--color-inverted, white);color:inherit;padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;">g-block</code> → <code>#fd99ff</code> </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7ed9d9; color:;"> </span> </span> <code style="border:thin solid var(--border-color-base, #caa);background-color:var(--color-inverted, white);color:inherit;padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;">h-block</code> → <code>#7ed9d9</code> </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e0c880; color:;"> </span> </span> <code style="border:thin solid var(--border-color-base, #caa);background-color:var(--color-inverted, white);color:inherit;padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;">i-block</code> → <code>#e0c880</code> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categorising_elements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorising_elements-The_periodic_table"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorising_elements-The_periodic_table"></span>Categorising elements<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorising_elements-The_periodic_table"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Categorising elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Categorisation</i> is an attempt to classify all elements into one overall scheme, with each element in exactly one category (as opposed to listing non-completifying sets like <a href="/wiki/Coinage_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Coinage metal">coinage metals</a>). A general classification is not achieved in sources (let alone without <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NPOV">WP:NPOV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OR">WP:OR</a>). Such categorisation then is not to be used in general (for example, not as a general coloring of the periodic table). </p><p>A general colouring by metallicity is discouraged, because there are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NPOV">WP:NPOV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOR">WP:NOR</a> concerns: the borders of some categories can differ drastically between sources (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">metalloids</a>), and there is no set of categories that are mutually exclusive and yet cover the entire periodic table (e.g. astatine is quite likely to be both a metal and a halogen). However, such coloring may be used to base and illustrate dedicated topics (such as in sections of <a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">metalloids</a>). Individual, well-established "metallicity" categories, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">transition metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">post-transition metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">metalloid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth metals">rare earth metals</a> etc., can be referred to without "all elements all once" colouring. </p><p>When a specific categorisation scheme is relevant (e.g. <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ChemicalBondsToCarbon" title="Template:ChemicalBondsToCarbon">ChemicalBondsToCarbon</a>}}</code>), a periodic table-filling categorisation can be applied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Element_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Element_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Element_names"></span>Element names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Element_names"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Element names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:ALUM"></span><span id="WP:ALUMINIUM"></span><span id="WP:CAES"></span><span id="WP:CAESIUM"></span><span id="WP:SULF"></span><span id="WP:SULFUR"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ALUM&redirect=no">WP:ALUM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ALUMINIUM&redirect=no">WP:ALUMINIUM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CAES&redirect=no">WP:CAES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CAESIUM&redirect=no">WP:CAESIUM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SULF&redirect=no">WP:SULF</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SULFUR&redirect=no">WP:SULFUR</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Traditionally, the names of three <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">elements</a> have been spelled differently in different parts of the English-speaking world. For articles about chemistry-related topics, Wikipedia follows the spellings recommended by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (IUPAC):<sup id="cite_ref-bluebook_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bluebook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-redbook_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">aluminium</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">aluminum</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">sulfur</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">sulphur</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">caesium</span> </td> <td><i>not</i> </td> <td><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">cesium</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>These spellings should be used in all chemistry-related articles on English Wikipedia, even if they conflict with the other national spelling varieties used in the article. </p><p>This convention should also be applied to all compounds and derivative names of these chemicals: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">sulfate</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">sulphate</span>; <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">sulfuric</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">sulphuric</span>; etc. </p><p>The English name of element 74 is <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tungsten</span> and not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">wolfram</span>: the latter was <i>once</i> adopted by IUPAC (in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1543419">1949</a>), but is no longer recommended by them (even as an alternative) per the 2011 <i>Principles</i>. (Of course, the symbol is still W, and the name "wolfram" may be referred to when explaining why that is the case, or when quoting text in languages that use that name.) Similarly for derivatives (per the 2005 Red Book), use <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tungstate</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tungsty</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tungsta</span> and not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">wolframate</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">wolframy</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">wolframa</span>. (And similarly avoid the old names <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">emanation</span> and <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">niton</span> for element 86 outside historical contexts; there is a real confusion even in today's literature between radon meaning the element Rn and radon meaning the isotope <sup>222</sup>Rn, but the way to solve that is by explicitly clarifying what is meant, not resurrecting archaic terms that have fallen out of use and may not be generally understood.) </p><p>Elements that have not been given trivial names by IUPAC may be referred to either by IUPAC <a href="/wiki/Systematic_element_name" title="Systematic element name">systematic element names</a> and symbols, or by atomic numbers. So <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">ununennium</span> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">element 119</span> are both correct, and symbols <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Uue</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">119</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">E119</span> may all be used in text. However, for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NATURAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NATURAL">natural disambiguation</a>, the article titles should be at the systematic names. </p><p>When new elements are recognised, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">do not</span> change the names and symbols to those proposed by the discoverers until the public comment period expires and IUPAC makes the final announcement! (The symbol has changed between the initial proposal and the final recommendation before, in the case of <a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">copernicium</a>: originally proposed as Cp, but became Cn.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Isotopes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Isotopes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Isotopes"></span>Isotopes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Isotopes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:MAINISOTOPE"></span><span id="WP:MAINISOTOPES"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:MAINISOTOPE&redirect=no">MOS:MAINISOTOPE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MAINISOTOPES&redirect=no">WP:MAINISOTOPES</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>Isotopes are named and identified as [element]-[mass number] with regular lowercase and hyphen (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">carbon-13</span>), or by equivalent symbol format <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>13</sup>C</span> (in wikicode: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><sup>13</sup>C</code>). Avoid <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">13C</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">C-13</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">C<sup>13</sup></span> (and avoid like single character <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+2074</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⁴</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SUPERSCRIPT FOUR</span></span>, as used in Wikidata).</li> <li>Metastable states are noted by format <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tantalum-180m1</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>180m1</sup>Ta</span>. The number <span class="nowrap">⟨<sup>1</sup>⟩</span> can be omitted when there is only one isomeric state, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tantalum-180m</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>180m</sup>Ta</span>. You may use a <a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclide_templates" title="Category:Nuclide templates">nuclide template</a>. Corresponding letters also used in literature, these are not used in this wiki: <span class="nowrap">⟨<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><sup><i>m n p q</i></sup></span>⟩</span>.</li> <li>The hydrogen isotopes are exceptions where the common special names may be used: <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Protium</span> (= <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">hydrogen-1</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>1</sup>H</span>).</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Deuterium</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">D</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>2</sup>D</span> (= <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">hydrogen-2</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>2</sup>H</span>).</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Tritium</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">T</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>3</sup>T</span> (= <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">hydrogen-3</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>3</sup>H</span>).</li></ul></li> <li>Chemical formulae with deuterated solvents (for example, in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance">NMR</a> use) are customarily described with "D" as chemical symbol: CD<sub>3</sub>OD, methanol-<i>d</i><sub>4</sub>; CD<sub>3</sub>SOCD<sub>3</sub>, DMSO-<i>d</i><sub>6</sub> (regular notation would be C<sup>2</sup>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>2</sup>H). These established systems are acceptable, provided they are consistent within an article.</li></ul> <ul><li>Some isotopes have had historical or confusing names and symbols, these are to be avoided (except when quoting historical usage): e.g. <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">thoron</span> (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Tn</span>) (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>220</sup>Rn</span>), <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">actinon</span> (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">An</span>) (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>219</sup>Rn</span>), <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">ionium</span> (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Io</span>) (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>230</sup>Th</span>), <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">radiocarbon</span> (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>14</sup>C</span>).</li></ul> <ul><li>It is permissible to use the atomic number rather than the symbol in contexts about history when anachronism is to be avoided, e.g. "<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">In 2003, the collaboration at the JINR discovered <sup>288</sup>115 and <sup>284</sup>113</span>" (because at that point those elements had not yet been named). But this should be avoided outside talking about history. Avoid using the systematic element names in such contexts even when talking about history, because they are not supposed to be used once the element actually has a trivial name. For isotopes of undiscovered elements, either systematic names (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>296</sup>Uue</span>) or atomic numbers (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><sup>296</sup>119</span>) are acceptable for the symbols, but only the systematic names can be used for the full names (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">ununennium-296</span>, not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">element 119-296</span> which nobody uses).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Theoretical_elements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Theoretical_elements"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Theoretical_elements"></span>Theoretical elements <span class="anchor" id="NONEWELEMENTS"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Theoretical_elements"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Theoretical elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NONEWELEMENTS"></span><span id="WP:NONEWELEMENTS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NONEWELEMENTS&redirect=no">MOS:NONEWELEMENTS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NONEWELEMENTS&redirect=no">WP:NONEWELEMENTS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Elements with atomic number <span class="nowrap"><i>Z</i> ≥ 119</span> are theoretical elements, they have not been discovered (synthesized). Regarding public-page creation and content (reader-visible pages, such as artricle, category, template): </p> <ul><li><i>Element page</i>: Articles pages, by systematic name, exist for E119 up to E184: <a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Ununennium</a> (Element 119).</li></ul> <dl><dd>These are either full articles (like Ununennium) or redirects (like <i><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Unbitrium">Unbitrium</a></i>, 58 redirects). This serves readers searching for these element names.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Redirect element articles like <a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Unbitrium">Unbitrium</a> (Element 123) R</i>:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">WP:notability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">WP:Reliable sources</a>, these articles can and may only be created with content when substantial information is available.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Secondary public pages</i> for element articles, like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redlink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redlink (page does not exist)"><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Isotopes of unbioctium</span></a>, {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Redlink" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Redlink"><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Infobox unbioctium</span></a>}}, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redlink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redlink (page does not exist)">:Category:unbioctium</a>:</li></ul> <dl><dd>These can and may only be created (1) when the base element article exists by content, and (2) when substantial new information like papers is available. These secondary pages may not be created as redirect.</dd></dl> <p>To compare: Disovered element <a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> (E118) has its article, plus all five secondary articles; none is a redirect. </p><p>As of 4 Jan 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>: Effectively this means that currently public-page creation, by content or redirect, is not permitted nor needed. See also documentation at <a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_element#Theoretical_elements_handling" title="Template:Infobox element">Template:Infobox element § Theoretical elements handling</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds" data-mw-thread-id="h-Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds"></span>Capitalization of elements and compounds<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Capitalization of elements and compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CHEMCAPS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CHEMCAPS&redirect=no">WP:CHEMCAPS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>The names of elements and other chemicals should be written without abbreviations and treated as <a href="/wiki/Common_noun" class="mw-redirect" title="Common noun">common nouns</a>. They do not have special capitalization or italic formatting (see <a href="/wiki/MOS:CAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:CAPS">MOS:CAPS</a> and <a href="/wiki/MOS:ITALIC" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ITALIC">MOS:ITALIC</a>) regardless of the origin of the name unless appropriate for the start of a sentence or part of a title. The symbols for elements should always be capitalized. </p> <dl><dd><i>Use</i>: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Iron and californium (Fe and Cf) are metals. After I iron my clothes, I will go to California.</span></dd> <dd><i>Avoid</i>: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Iron and californium (fe and cf) are metals.</span></dd> <dd><i>Avoid</i>: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Iron and Californium (Fe and Cf) are metals.</span></dd> <dd><i>Avoid</i>: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>Iron</i> and <i>californium</i> (Fe and Cf) are metals.</span></dd></dl> <p>Prefixes that are such as <i>sec</i>-, <i>tert</i>-, <i>ortho</i>-, <i>meta</i>-, <i>para</i>-, α-, β-, <small>D</small>-, <small>L</small>-, (+)-, (−)-, (<i>R</i>)-, (<i>S</i>)- and the numerical prefixes are not considered part of the name: they each follow their own capitalization and italics rules, and it is instead the first letter of the main part of the name that is treated as the "first letter" of the name to be capitalized where appropriate. Exceptions are <b>cyclo</b>, <b>iso</b>, <b>neo</b>, and <b>spiro</b> which are considered part of the name and therefore not italicized or hyphenated. <a href="/wiki/Substituent" title="Substituent">Substituent</a> groups are also considered part of the name. </p><p>In former versions of the IUPAC recommendations, names were written with a capital initial letter. This practice has been abandoned in later publications.<sup id="cite_ref-PIN_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIN-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IUPAC policy differentiate proper names from things named after proper names. This rule (full name uncapitalized but symbol capitalized) applies also to isotopes and nuclides, when completely written out: thus <sup>14</sup>C but carbon-14. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Prefixes_in_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Prefixes_in_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Prefixes_in_titles"></span>Prefixes in titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Prefixes_in_titles"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prefixes in titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Prefix"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CHEMPREFIX"></span><span id="WP:MOSCHEM/PREFIX"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CHEMPREFIX&redirect=no">WP:CHEMPREFIX</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MOSCHEM/PREFIX&redirect=no">WP:MOSCHEM/PREFIX</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>When the chosen article title starts with a prefix including positional identifiers (<i>ortho</i>-, <i>meta</i>-, <i>para</i>-, <i>N</i>-, <i>O</i>-, α-, β-, γ-, etc.), isomeric identifiers (<i>sec</i>-, <i>tert</i>-, etc.), stereochemical identifiers (<i>cis</i>-, <i>trans</i>-, (<i>E</i>)-, (<i>Z</i>)-, etc.), chiral identifiers ((<i>R</i>)-, (<i>S</i>)-, <small>D</small>-, <small>L</small>-, (+)-, (−)-, etc.), or numbers, the first letter after the prefix in the name should be capitalized: hence titlecase <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">1,1,1-Trichloroethane</span></span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap">1,1,1-trichloroethane</span></span>. A redirect from the uncapitalized version should be created to simplify linking from other articles. </p><p>Non-numerical prefixes are italicized and uncapitalized in titles (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap"><i>tert</i>-Butyl alcohol</span></span>, for example). Both numerical and non-numerical prefixes are followed by a hyphen. The template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:DISPLAYTITLE" title="Template:DISPLAYTITLE">DISPLAYTITLE</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> is used to display titles which start with lowercase letters or include italics. </p><p>Note that <i>cyclo</i>, <i>iso</i>, <i>neo</i>, and <i>spiro</i> are considered part of a chemical name (such as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">isopropanol</span>) and not considered prefixes. No hyphens or italics are used in these cases. </p><p>Article titles for compounds and related topics should reflect how the compound name is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">commonly</a> written and use Greek letter prefixes if appropriate, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">Α-Ketoglutaric acid</span></span>, using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:DISPLAYTITLE" title="Template:DISPLAYTITLE">DISPLAYTITLE</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to display as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">α-Ketoglutaric acid</span></span>, <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap">Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid</span></span> and displaying as <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap"><i>alpha</i>-Ketoglutaric acid</span></span>. In the article page name (article location) it is important to use the uppercase Greek letter, even though it can be easily confused with uppercase Latin letters in many cases, so that DISPLAYTITLE (or alternatively, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Lowercase_title" title="Template:Lowercase title">lowercase title</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>) will work properly. It is also essential to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TSC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TSC">ensure redirects exist for all possible typed variations</a> of the compound name so searchers can easily reach the appropriate article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Use_of_Stock_nomenclature" data-mw-thread-id="h-Use_of_Stock_nomenclature"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Use_of_Stock_nomenclature"></span>Use of Stock nomenclature<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Use_of_Stock_nomenclature"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Use of Stock nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stock_nomenclature" title="Stock nomenclature">Stock nomenclature</a> for inorganic compounds is based on the indication of the <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation number">oxidation number</a> (as a roman numeral, in parentheses) of each of the major elements in the compound, <i>e.g.</i> <a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride" title="Iron(III) chloride">iron(III) chloride</a>. It is widely, if sometimes incorrectly, used on Wikipedia for the titles of articles about inorganic compounds. <i>It is not obligatory</i>, as there are other acceptable methods for naming these compounds, but it is often preferred as the most common non-ambiguous name for a substance. The following guidelines are based on current WikiBestPractice: </p> <ol><li>Only the <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cationic</a> element (i.e. the element whose name appears unchanged in the compound name) is assigned its oxidation number. Except in rare cases (none at present), we do not assign the oxidation number in the <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a>: hence <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">potassium permanganate</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap">potassium manganate(VII)</span></span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">sodium hypochlorite</span></span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap">sodium chlorate(I)</span></span>.</li> <li>There is no space between the end of the element name and the opening parenthesis: hence <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">silver(I) fluoride</span></span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap">silver (I) fluoride</span></span>. <i>Note</i> that this is an exception to the usual English style for parentheses.</li> <li>It is not necessary to specify the oxidation number when there is no possibility of ambiguity in the compound title: hence <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">sodium chloride</span></span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap">sodium(I) chloride</span></span>.</li> <li>Stock nomenclature should be used for predominantly ionic compounds. Compounds with a substantial degree of covalency should be named by stoichiometric nomenclature: hence <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">titanium tetrachloride</span></span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="nowrap">titanium(IV) chloride</span></span>. However, it should be noted that ionic vs. covalent (not to mention metallic and van der Waals bonding) is a continuum and that many such situations will require significant editorial judgement (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_chloride" title="Mercury(II) chloride">mercury(II) chloride</a>, which is in fact a molecular compound, or <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(IV)_oxide" title="Ruthenium(IV) oxide">ruthenium(IV) oxide</a> which exhibits metallic conductivity).</li></ol> <p>Names of oxyanions should in general follow the names in Table X of the IUPAC 2005 Red Book.<sup id="cite_ref-redbook_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exceptions can be made if an alternate name is much more common in the literature, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">xenate</span> rather than <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">xenonate</span> (don't generalise this to radon though, as it would create an ambiguity between radon and radium). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Drug-related_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Drug-related_articles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Drug-related_articles"></span>Drug-related articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Drug-related_articles"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Drug-related articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Drugs/General/Naming_of_drug_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Drugs/General/Naming of drug pages">WikiProject Drugs</a></div> <p>Where a compound has a <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> <a href="/wiki/International_nonproprietary_name" title="International nonproprietary name">international nonproprietary name</a> (INN), this should be used as the article title (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NCMED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NCMED">WP:NCMED</a>). Exceptions would be where the pharmaceutical use of a certain compound is secondary to other applications (commodity chemical, synthetic intermediate, etc., agriculture or industry). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Redirects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Redirects"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Redirects"></span>Redirects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Redirects"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Redirects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>From <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Wikipedia:Deletion policy</a>: "Don't worry, redirects are cheap."</i><br/></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirects">Redirects</a> should be created for: </p> <ul><li>Alternative names for the compound, including acronyms where appropriate;</li> <li>Alternative capitalizations, where there is a numerical prefix in the article title;</li> <li>Formulas of simple compounds; for example <a href="/wiki/H2O" class="mw-redirect" title="H2O">H2O</a> → <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Exceptions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Exceptions"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Exceptions"></span>Exceptions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Exceptions"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Exceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even with the best will in the world, no set of guidelines can cover every case. Some articles on Wikipedia have non-standard titles through consensus that this is the most commonly used name (in scientific circumstances) for the compound concerned, <i>whatever</i> IUPAC or the other rules suggest. For example: </p> <dl><dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">ethylene oxide</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">oxirane</span></dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">phosphine</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">phosphane</span> (and for substituted <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">phosphines</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">arsine</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">stibine</span>, and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">bismuthine</span>)</dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Wilkinson's catalyst</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">chlorotris(triphenylphosphane)rhodium</span></dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Vaska's complex</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">carbonylchlorobis(triphenylphosphane)iridium</span></dd> <dd><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">titin</span> <i>not</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylalanyl...(189,768 letters)...isoleucine</span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Please do not revert-war over the naming of an article: the best place for discussion is on the article's talk page or (failing that) at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Chemicals" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Chemicals">Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Chemicals</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Groups_of_compounds" data-mw-thread-id="h-Groups_of_compounds"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Groups_of_compounds"></span>Groups of compounds<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Groups_of_compounds"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Groups of compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CHEMGROUP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CHEMGROUP&redirect=no">WP:CHEMGROUP</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups" data-mw-thread-id="h-Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups-Groups_of_compounds"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups-Groups_of_compounds"></span>Organic compound classes and functional groups<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups-Groups_of_compounds"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Organic compound classes and functional groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For articles about classes of organic compounds, the singular class name from the IUPAC "Glossary of Class Names"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is usually used, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">alkane</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">carboxylic acid</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">ether</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">ketone</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">acyl chloride</span>. Articles about <a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">functional groups</a> should use the name most <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">commonly used</a> to refer to the group in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable sources</a> (generally, the name of the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)" title="Radical (chemistry)">radical</a>) followed by the word "group", e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">alkyl group</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">carboxyl group</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">phenyl group</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">carbonyl group</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">trimethylsilyl group</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">triflyl group</span>. In many cases, the compound or compound class and corresponding functional group are discussed in the same article, generally using the compound class as the article title with the name(s) of the functional group redirecting there (although the opposite is possible). </p><p>For groups of compounds named after a simple parent compound, articles about the group should be located at the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PLURAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PLURAL">plural</a> of the parent compound name, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">hydrazines</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">silanes</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">boranes</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">diphosphenes</span>. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Salts">salts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acid" title="Carboxylic acid">carboxylic acids</a> should collectively be referred to by the plural of the <a href="/wiki/Carboxylate" title="Carboxylate">carboxylate</a>. In some cases, the group of compounds (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">triflates</span>), the functional group (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">triflate group</span>), and the carboxylate (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">triflate</span>) will warrant a separate article; whether the article should be titled by the compound group, functional group, or carboxylate should be decided on a case by case basis depending on the group and how the article is constructed. Related terms not chosen as the title should be redirects and mentioned in the lede in bold font. In cases where the carboxylate is not generally considered as a functional group, the plural may either redirect to the article about the parent acid (or the carboxylate if there is a separate article about the carboxylate), or be a separate article or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SIA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SIA">chemistry index</a> that lists salts and esters of the parent acid (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">benzoates</span>). Rare cases may have separate articles for the carboxylate, functional group, and group of compounds. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HATNOTE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:HATNOTE">Hatnotes</a> should be used to link between these similarly named pages to facilitate navigation between these closely related topics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organometallic_compounds" data-mw-thread-id="h-Organometallic_compounds-Groups_of_compounds"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Organometallic_compounds-Groups_of_compounds"></span>Organometallic compounds<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Organometallic_compounds-Groups_of_compounds"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Organometallic compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general article about the <a href="/wiki/Organometallic_chemistry" title="Organometallic chemistry">organometallic chemistry</a> of an element should be entitled "Organo[element] chemistry", e.g., <a href="/wiki/Organomercury_chemistry" title="Organomercury chemistry">organomercury chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organopalladium_chemistry" title="Organopalladium chemistry">organopalladium chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organozinc_chemistry" title="Organozinc chemistry">organozinc chemistry</a>. The IUPAC definition of an "organometallic compound" includes boron, silicon, arsenic, and selenium, so this title guideline also applies to <a href="/wiki/Organoboron_chemistry" title="Organoboron chemistry">organoboron chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organosilicon_chemistry" title="Organosilicon chemistry">organosilicon chemistry</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For consistency this is extended even to obvious nonmetals, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Organoxenon_chemistry" title="Organoxenon chemistry">organoxenon chemistry</a>. The related pages "Organo[element] compound" and its plural should generally be redirects. Some flexibility can be used if the article is heavily weighted toward a specific topic, such as the case for <a href="/wiki/Organolithium_reagent" title="Organolithium reagent">organolithium reagent</a>, so long as the other forms redirect there. In some cases, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BCA">broad-concept article</a> regarding the organometallic chemistry of an element may not yet exist; in these cases it is adequate to redirect these terms to an appropriate section of another article. On the other hand, depending on the metallic element, it may well be appropriate to have additional articles covering specific compounds or groups of compounds, or specific reactions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of organic compounds">List of organic compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds" title="List of inorganic compounds">List of inorganic compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals">Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Elements" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements">Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fluck-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fluck_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fluck_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fluck_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fluck_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFluck1988" class="citation journal cs1">Fluck, E. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf">"New Notations in the Periodic Table"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure Appl. Chem.</a></i> <b>60</b> (3): 431–436. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac198860030431">10.1351/pac198860030431</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:96704008">96704008</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152951/https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=New+Notations+in+the+Periodic+Table&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=431-436&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac198860030431&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A96704008%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fluck&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F1988%2Fpdf%2F6003x0431.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-redbook-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-redbook_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-redbook_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-redbook_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-redbook_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Inorganic_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry">Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry</a></i> (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">RSC</a>–<a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8">0-85404-438-8</a>. pp. 47, 51, 248. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf">Electronic version.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021IUPAC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021IUPAC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021IUPAC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScerri2021" class="citation journal cs1">Scerri, Eric (18 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ChemInt_Jan2021_PP.pdf">"Provisional Report on Discussions on Group 3 of the Periodic Table"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Chemistry International</i>. <b>43</b> (1): 31–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fci-2021-0115">10.1515/ci-2021-0115</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231694898">231694898</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413150110/https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ChemInt_Jan2021_PP.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+International&rft.atitle=Provisional+Report+on+Discussions+on+Group+3+of+the+Periodic+Table&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-34&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fci-2021-0115&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231694898%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiupac.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F04%2FChemInt_Jan2021_PP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoppenol2016" class="citation journal cs1">Koppenol, W. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/55935/1/2016_Koppenol_etal_PureApplChem.pdf">"How to name new chemical elements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. DeGruyter. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0802">10.1515/pac-2015-0802</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10045%2F55935">10045/55935</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:102245448">102245448</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511193435/https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/55935/1/2016_Koppenol_etal_PureApplChem.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=How+to+name+new+chemical+elements&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10045%2F55935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A102245448%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0802&rft.aulast=Koppenol&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frua.ua.es%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F10045%2F55935%2F1%2F2016_Koppenol_etal_PureApplChem.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-principles-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-principles_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-principles_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh2011" class="citation book cs1">Leigh, G. J., ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Principles_Leigh2011-compressed.pdf"><i>Principles of Chemical Nomenclature</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84973-007-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84973-007-5"><bdi>978-1-84973-007-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Chemical+Nomenclature&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84973-007-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiupac.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F12%2FPrinciples_Leigh2011-compressed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jensen1982-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jensen1982_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_B._Jensen1982" class="citation journal cs1">William B. Jensen (1982). "The Positions of Lanthanum (Actinium) and Lutetium (Lawrencium) in the Periodic Table". <i>J. Chem. Educ</i>. <b>59</b> (8): 634–636. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982JChEd..59..634J">1982JChEd..59..634J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed059p634">10.1021/ed059p634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Chem.+Educ.&rft.atitle=The+Positions+of+Lanthanum+%28Actinium%29+and+Lutetium+%28Lawrencium%29+in+the+Periodic+Table&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=634-636&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed059p634&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982JChEd..59..634J&rft.au=William+B.+Jensen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landau-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Landau_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._D._Landau,_E._M._Lifshitz1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">L. D. Landau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Lifshitz" title="Evgeny Lifshitz">E. M. Lifshitz</a> (1958). <i>Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory</i>. Vol. 3 (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>. pp. 256–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantum+Mechanics%3A+Non-Relativistic+Theory&rft.pages=256-7&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.au=L.+D.+Landau%2C+E.+M.+Lifshitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jensen2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jensen2015_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2015" class="citation journal cs1">Jensen, William B. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1">"The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update"</a>. <i>Foundations of Chemistry</i>. <b>17</b>: 23–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10698-015-9216-1">10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:98624395">98624395</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130011116/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foundations+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+positions+of+lanthanum+%28actinium%29+and+lutetium+%28lawrencium%29+in+the+periodic+table%3A+an+update&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=23-31&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10698-015-9216-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A98624395%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10698-015-9216-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mustdie-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mustdie_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScerri2019" class="citation journal cs1">Scerri, Eric (2019). "Five ideas in chemical education that must die". <i>Foundations of Chemistry</i>. <b>21</b>: 61–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10698-018-09327-y">10.1007/s10698-018-09327-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:104311030">104311030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foundations+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Five+ideas+in+chemical+education+that+must+die&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=61-69&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10698-018-09327-y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A104311030%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh2009" class="citation journal cs1">Leigh, G. Jeffery (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.iupac.org/publications/ci/2009/3101/1_leigh.html">"Periodic Tables and IUPAC"</a>. <i>Chemistry International</i>. <b>31</b> (1): 4–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fci.2009.31.1.4">10.1515/ci.2009.31.1.4</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+International&rft.atitle=Periodic+Tables+and+IUPAC&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-6&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fci.2009.31.1.4&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=G.+Jeffery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fci%2F2009%2F3101%2F1_leigh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is not very clear how the 15 element cells for La–Lu are meant to fit below the one cell for Y. See for example <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPyykkö2019" class="citation journal cs1">Pyykkö, Pekka (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.helsinki.fi/~pyykko/pekka/No330b.pdf">"An essay on periodic tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <b>91</b> (12): 1959–1967. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0801">10.1515/pac-2019-0801</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=An+essay+on+periodic+tables&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1959-1967&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0801&rft.aulast=Pyykk%C3%B6&rft.aufirst=Pekka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.helsinki.fi%2F~pyykko%2Fpekka%2FNo330b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span>, which both suggests that there is a hole in period 6 and group 3 in this form, and that all the trivalent rare earths fit there. These cannot simultaneously be true. In the 1990 IUPAC Red Book and a 2009 <i>Chemistry International</i> article by G. J. Leigh, this "blank below Y" table in 18-column is expanded to a 32-column table with Lu below Y. If this is the intention, it seems better to make it clear by putting Lu there in the 18-column form as well, as drawn in the 2021 report and a 2019 <i>Chemistry International</i> article by E. R. Scerri, and as described in the 1988 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bluebook-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bluebook_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanico,_R.;_Powell,_W._H._(Eds.)1994" class="citation book cs1">Panico, R.; Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). <i>A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993</i>. Oxford: Blackwell Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-6320-3488-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-6320-3488-2"><bdi>0-6320-3488-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+IUPAC+Nomenclature+of+Organic+Compounds+1993&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+Science&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-6320-3488-2&rft.au=Panico%2C+R.%3B+Powell%2C+W.+H.+%28Eds.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIN-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIN_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/favre_310305.html"><i>Preferred IUPAC Names Provisional Recommendation</i></a>, September 2004; Chapter 1, par. 16 Name writing, p.80-90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMossSmithTavernier1995" class="citation journal cs1">Moss, G.P.; Smith, P.A.S.; Tavernier, D. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1995/pdf/6708x1307.pdf">"Glossary of Class Names for Organic Compounds and Reactive Intermediates Based on Structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a></i>. <b>67</b> (8–9): 1307–1375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac199567081307">10.1351/pac199567081307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Glossary+of+Class+Names+for+Organic+Compounds+and+Reactive+Intermediates+Based+on+Structure+%28IUPAC+Recommendations+1995%29&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8%E2%80%939&rft.pages=1307-1375&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac199567081307&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=G.P.&rft.au=Smith%2C+P.A.S.&rft.au=Tavernier%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F1995%2Fpdf%2F6708x1307.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_books#Gold_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC books">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a></i>, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/O04328.html">organometallic compounds</a>". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.O04328">10.1351/goldbook.O04328</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes-References"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes-References"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Longest_word_in_English" title="Longest word in English">Longest word in English</a> for more information.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>General references</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBünzli–Trepp2007" class="citation book cs1">Bünzli–Trepp, Ursula (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemical-nomenclature.ch"><i>Systematic Nomenclature of Organic, Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry: Chemical-Abstracts Guidelines with IUPAC Recommendations and Many Trivial Names</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/EPFL_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="EPFL Press">EPFL Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782940222131" title="Special:BookSources/9782940222131"><bdi>9782940222131</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systematic+Nomenclature+of+Organic%2C+Organometallic+and+Coordination+Chemistry%3A+Chemical-Abstracts+Guidelines+with+IUPAC+Recommendations+and+Many+Trivial+Names&rft.pub=EPFL+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782940222131&rft.aulast=B%C3%BCnzli%E2%80%93Trepp&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemical-nomenclature.ch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Abbreviations and Symbols". <i>Eur. J. Biochem</i>. <b>74</b> (1): 1–6. 1977. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1432-1033.1977.tb11359.x">10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11359.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eur.+J.+Biochem.&rft.atitle=Abbreviations+and+Symbols&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-6&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1432-1033.1977.tb11359.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ANaming+conventions+%28chemistry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/">http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/">http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/</a></li></ul> <p><br/> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&oldid=1244139968">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&oldid=1244139968</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_naming_conventions" title="Category:Wikipedia naming conventions">Wikipedia naming conventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Chemistry" title="Category:WikiProject Chemistry">WikiProject Chemistry</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 September 2024, at 08:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9msw5","wgBackendResponseTime":119,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-General_rule","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Organic_compound_names","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-The_periodic_table","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Groups-The_periodic_table","replies":[{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-The_scandium_group_(group_3)-Groups","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":4,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Non-column_groups-Groups","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-18_vs_32_columns-The_periodic_table","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Blocks-The_periodic_table","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Categorising_elements-The_periodic_table","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Element_names","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Isotopes","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Theoretical_elements","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Capitalization_of_elements_and_compounds","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Prefixes_in_titles","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Use_of_Stock_nomenclature","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Drug-related_articles","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Redirects","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Exceptions","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Groups_of_compounds","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Organic_compound_classes_and_functional_groups-Groups_of_compounds","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Organometallic_compounds-Groups_of_compounds","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-References","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notes-References","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-External_links","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.067"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.887","walltime":"1.166","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14273,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":226591,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":19426,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":97368,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 921.491 1 -total"," 25.79% 237.609 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.14% 176.354 1 Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_compact)"," 18.79% 173.140 10 Template:Cite_journal"," 13.19% 121.518 118 Template:Element_cell/navbox"," 11.14% 102.614 2 Template:Sidebar"," 10.29% 94.817 10 Template:Shortcut"," 10.14% 93.454 139 Template:Element_color"," 7.39% 68.127 1 Template:Wikipedia_subcat_guideline"," 7.21% 66.424 1 Template:Naming_conventions"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.366","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8749779,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-55b5456bcb-w7brq","timestamp":"20241120181009","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>