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{"work":{"id":100561339,"created_at":"2023-04-21T18:31:38.228-07:00","from_world_paper_id":232165330,"updated_at":"2024-11-22T20:10:59.637-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"UPT Penerbitan Universitas Jember","grobid_abstract":"Sustainable development is a discourse promoted as a global scenario to save human civilization; at least, that is what international institutions have developed. Sustainable 1 development should be conceptualized empirically as anxiety over inequality conditions on the African continent or other developing world countries. Once again, the globalization that allows the acceleration of the exploitation scheme called Primitive Accumulation by Marx finds its concrete form, namely in how the circularization of capital is limited to the elite class. 2 Thus, sustainable development as a politically driven discourse does not escape the problems of capital accumulation and limited economic access. The destiny of capital that permeates social activities and forms social structures is a problem whose validity is seriously questioned. Economic stagnation anxiety occurs because there is capital that settles and cannot generate profits, while the capital market and investors demand generative values. This advantage in the process of capital accumulation is what is needed to drive the global economy. The movement of capital from one point to another, from one person to another, from social processes to the movement of commodities or services, is a prerequisite for how the development order can create life. Then, the fundamental question that needs to be asked is whether anxiety over economic stagnation can create a better life. Or do other fundamental issues need to be considered significantly to reduce massive, uneven development? Capital and development models are issues that present dependence on developed countries; for example, Cardoso sees economic and political dependence that occurs due to capital intervention and foreign policy models. 3 Instead of prospering the presence of international standards in the process of social change created by development programs, it becomes a trap for a country. What is happening in Zimbabwe, Uganda and Zambia in Africa 4 , then the cases of Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives, and Bangladesh in Asia becomes a marker of how the economic crisis is not just a development issue but is an integral part of reflecting on the global development scheme. This critique, which dependency theorists pioneered, was built by development practices in third world countries that intervened to receive aid and follow the prescription scheme of development produced by defenders of capitalism. The grand ambition to","publication_date":"2022,8,31","publication_name":"The Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"101350472"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Editor’s Introduction: Sustaining Global Development","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [217003069]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":101350472,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Editor’s Introduction: Sustaining Global Development”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/101350472/mini_magick20230422-1-iblbja.png?1682127137" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Editor’s Introduction: Sustaining Global Development</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="217003069" href="https://independent.academia.edu/dienvidiarosa"><img alt="Profile image of dien vidia rosa" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/217003069/75357264/63866715/s65_dien.vidia_rosa.png" />dien vidia rosa</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2022, The Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 100561339; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=100561339"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Sustainable development is a discourse promoted as a global scenario to save human civilization; at least, that is what international institutions have developed. Sustainable 1 development should be conceptualized empirically as anxiety over inequality conditions on the African continent or other developing world countries. Once again, the globalization that allows the acceleration of the exploitation scheme called Primitive Accumulation by Marx finds its concrete form, namely in how the circularization of capital is limited to the elite class. 2 Thus, sustainable development as a politically driven discourse does not escape the problems of capital accumulation and limited economic access. The destiny of capital that permeates social activities and forms social structures is a problem whose validity is seriously questioned. Economic stagnation anxiety occurs because there is capital that settles and cannot generate profits, while the capital market and investors demand generative values. This advantage in the process of capital accumulation is what is needed to drive the global economy. The movement of capital from one point to another, from one person to another, from social processes to the movement of commodities or services, is a prerequisite for how the development order can create life. Then, the fundamental question that needs to be asked is whether anxiety over economic stagnation can create a better life. Or do other fundamental issues need to be considered significantly to reduce massive, uneven development? Capital and development models are issues that present dependence on developed countries; for example, Cardoso sees economic and political dependence that occurs due to capital intervention and foreign policy models. 3 Instead of prospering the presence of international standards in the process of social change created by development programs, it becomes a trap for a country. What is happening in Zimbabwe, Uganda and Zambia in Africa 4 , then the cases of Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives, and Bangladesh in Asia becomes a marker of how the economic crisis is not just a development issue but is an integral part of reflecting on the global development scheme. This critique, which dependency theorists pioneered, was built by development practices in third world countries that intervened to receive aid and follow the prescription scheme of development produced by defenders of capitalism. The grand ambition to</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":101350472,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/100561339/Editor_s_Introduction_Sustaining_Global_Development"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":101350472,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/100561339/Editor_s_Introduction_Sustaining_Global_Development"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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It considers the contemporary Keynesian intellectual counter-revolution with regard to the political economy of underdevelopment. The basic thesis of the work is that there were two economic epochs in the postwar period. The first constituted the golden age of capitalism (1945-1973), to borrow a phrase coined by Cambridge (UK) Keynesians. The second period, post-1980, was not so benevolent an age. The global growth record of all countries and regions during the golden age was phenomenal-nobody disagrees. In the second phase since 1980 there has been considerable divergence in global growth and income, mainly because of economic collapse in Africa and Latin America, making the last two decades of the twentieth century lost decades for some. Again there is no disagreement with that-the question is why. Writers such as Amartya Sen talk about capabilities and rights without much reference to the costs of their provision. Jeffrey Sachs speaks of the big-push fundamentalism of increasing aid (mainly to Africa). Bill Easterly outlines the abject failure of development assistance. Dani Rodrik advocates a more eclectic and technocratic 'identify the constraints to growth' approach. Paul Collier elucidates on the povertyconflict traps of the bottom billion along with possible Iraq/Afghanistan-like protracted interventions to prevent conflict re-igniting. In this book Amsden argues that the first postwar era succeeded because developing countries were left alone to pursue independent strategies of economic development that were also 'demand' driven, while during the second phase they were subjected to colonial style prescriptions dictated by the structural adjustment syndrome; something that morphed into poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), which is really structural adjustment in drag. Both periods, Amsden argues, were driven by American dominance of an empire, unprecedented in its sheer size and extent. The golden age has been described as the era of 'Pax Americana'; the post-1980 globalization phase is likely to be remembered as less benign. Throughout history empires last while they are seen to provide security and prosperity in return for the tribute they exact. Underlying the thinking behind the second phase was the market fundamentalism of the 'Washington Consensus' quartet, something that has latterly changed its emphasis to institutional quality. The Washington consensus 'high priests' are curiously unforthcoming in producing a popular version of their own solutions to the world's contemporary economic predicament. Could they be a tad embarrassed by their failure to deliver? What is missing in Amsden's analysis is the fact that the earlier American and Western laissez faire (or in Richard's Nixon's words: 'don't give a damn') attitude to the home-grown development strategies of the third world was predicated on a genuine fear of countries adopting, in whole or in part, the alternative Soviet model. In fact, countries like India did rather well by playing off the two superpowers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The globalization and development reader: perspectives on development and global change","attachmentId":77908415,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66883796/The_globalization_and_development_reader_perspectives_on_development_and_global_change","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66883796/The_globalization_and_development_reader_perspectives_on_development_and_global_change"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="583387" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/583387/Capitalism_and_the_Third_World_Development_Dependency_and_the_World_System">Capitalism and the Third World: Development, Dependency and the World System</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53057" href="https://iss.academia.edu/WilHout">Wil Hout</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1993</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Capitalism and the Third World: Development, Dependency and the World System","attachmentId":30849100,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/583387/Capitalism_and_the_Third_World_Development_Dependency_and_the_World_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/583387/Capitalism_and_the_Third_World_Development_Dependency_and_the_World_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="66883799" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66883799/The_Globalization_and_Development_Reader_Perspectives_on_Development_and_Global_Change_edited_by_J_Timmons_Roberts_and_A_Bellone_Hite_and_x2028_Globalization_Development_and_Human_Security_edited_by_Anthony_McGrew_and_Nana_K_Poku">The Globalization and Development Reader: Perspectives on Development and Global Change edited by J. Timmons Roberts and A. Bellone Hite&#x2028; Globalization, Development and Human Security edited by Anthony McGrew and Nana K. Poku</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38401308" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PennyGriffin">Penny Griffin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Development and Change, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This book is an intellectual tour de force. It considers the contemporary Keynesian intellectual counter-revolution with regard to the political economy of underdevelopment. The basic thesis of the work is that there were two economic epochs in the postwar period. The first constituted the golden age of capitalism (1945-1973), to borrow a phrase coined by Cambridge (UK) Keynesians. The second period, post-1980, was not so benevolent an age. The global growth record of all countries and regions during the golden age was phenomenal-nobody disagrees. In the second phase since 1980 there has been considerable divergence in global growth and income, mainly because of economic collapse in Africa and Latin America, making the last two decades of the twentieth century lost decades for some. Again there is no disagreement with that-the question is why. Writers such as Amartya Sen talk about capabilities and rights without much reference to the costs of their provision. Jeffrey Sachs speaks of the big-push fundamentalism of increasing aid (mainly to Africa). Bill Easterly outlines the abject failure of development assistance. Dani Rodrik advocates a more eclectic and technocratic 'identify the constraints to growth' approach. Paul Collier elucidates on the povertyconflict traps of the bottom billion along with possible Iraq/Afghanistan-like protracted interventions to prevent conflict re-igniting. In this book Amsden argues that the first postwar era succeeded because developing countries were left alone to pursue independent strategies of economic development that were also 'demand' driven, while during the second phase they were subjected to colonial style prescriptions dictated by the structural adjustment syndrome; something that morphed into poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), which is really structural adjustment in drag. Both periods, Amsden argues, were driven by American dominance of an empire, unprecedented in its sheer size and extent. The golden age has been described as the era of 'Pax Americana'; the post-1980 globalization phase is likely to be remembered as less benign. Throughout history empires last while they are seen to provide security and prosperity in return for the tribute they exact. Underlying the thinking behind the second phase was the market fundamentalism of the 'Washington Consensus' quartet, something that has latterly changed its emphasis to institutional quality. The Washington consensus 'high priests' are curiously unforthcoming in producing a popular version of their own solutions to the world's contemporary economic predicament. Could they be a tad embarrassed by their failure to deliver? What is missing in Amsden's analysis is the fact that the earlier American and Western laissez faire (or in Richard's Nixon's words: 'don't give a damn') attitude to the home-grown development strategies of the third world was predicated on a genuine fear of countries adopting, in whole or in part, the alternative Soviet model. In fact, countries like India did rather well by playing off the two superpowers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Globalization and Development Reader: Perspectives on Development and Global Change edited by J. Timmons Roberts and A. Bellone Hite\u0026#x2028; Globalization, Development and Human Security edited by Anthony McGrew and Nana K. Poku","attachmentId":77908411,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66883799/The_Globalization_and_Development_Reader_Perspectives_on_Development_and_Global_Change_edited_by_J_Timmons_Roberts_and_A_Bellone_Hite_and_x2028_Globalization_Development_and_Human_Security_edited_by_Anthony_McGrew_and_Nana_K_Poku","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66883799/The_Globalization_and_Development_Reader_Perspectives_on_Development_and_Global_Change_edited_by_J_Timmons_Roberts_and_A_Bellone_Hite_and_x2028_Globalization_Development_and_Human_Security_edited_by_Anthony_McGrew_and_Nana_K_Poku"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="40439759" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40439759/Book_Review_Essay_The_Global_Development_Crisis">Book Review Essay, The Global Development Crisis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11338405" href="https://uncw.academia.edu/ChrisCarlson">Chris Carlson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Review of Radical Political Economics, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Benjamin Selwyn's book offers a contemporary Marxist account of today's global development divide. Through an engagement with several important political economists, he seeks to transcend earlier debates and demonstrate the superiority of a Marxist framework. Liberal conceptions of inclusion vs. exclusion from capitalism are rejected, and commodity chains and global surplus flows are seen as the primary causal factors. But while his critique of liberal theory is warranted, Selwyn's alternative framework borrows liberally from world-systems theory, and therefore shares some of its same flaws. During the 1970s, critics showed that world-system's focus ignored important internal determinants of capital accumulation, and therefore offered a "Smithian" understanding of economic development (Brenner 1977; see also Skocpol 1977). Selwyn commits this same error, glossing over the productive relations within developing countries, and focusing on their position in the world economy as the primary explanatory variable.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Book Review Essay, The Global Development Crisis","attachmentId":60699398,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40439759/Book_Review_Essay_The_Global_Development_Crisis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40439759/Book_Review_Essay_The_Global_Development_Crisis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="28586576" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28586576/CHANGING_CONCEPTS_OF_DEPENDENCY_THE_CONCEPT_OF_DEVELOPMENT_AS_A_POLITICAL_STRATEGY_IN_THE_MISSION_FOR_GLOBAL_CAPITALISM">CHANGING CONCEPTS OF DEPENDENCY: THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT AS A POLITICAL STRATEGY IN THE MISSION FOR GLOBAL CAPITALISM</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24692724" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/DianaVanVugt">Diana Van Vugt</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34855738" href="https://peoples-studies.academia.edu/JOURNALOFPEOPLESSTUDIES">JOURNAL OF PEOPLE'S STUDIES</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Together with humanitarianism and human rights, development forms the conceptual heart of the post-colonial world order, which revolves around the values of egalitarianism and compassion. Compassion unites mankind under the same egalitarian and universalist post religious morality. However, at a closer view, the politics of compassion harbour a set of arguments that legitimises post-colonial interventionism: 'just wars' to replace dictatorship by democracy, humanitarian intervention to halt excessive human rights violations and sustainable development programmes to promote general welfare and well-being. This paper investigates the concept of development as a strategy to pursue the political interests of economically strong international stakeholders, as represented by the global economic institutions; the World Trade Organisation, World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Because the World Bank has manifested itself most prominently as a global development agency, the emphasis will be on the study of the Bank's Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF). Comprehensive development should be viewed in contrast with the Bank's former 'narrow' economic concept of development. In accordance with the popularity of the discourse of compassion, the World Bank's development ideology has become a wholistic amalgam of policy goals related to human welfare and wellbeing Generally, World Bank development projects are concerned with the privatisation of those services, welfare and well-being oriented sectors. It will thus be argued that the comprehensiveness of the World Bank's development concept should be seen in the light of the Bank's neo-liberal premise of a global, privatised and liberalised market economy, while weakening the influence of the state and public sector.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CHANGING CONCEPTS OF DEPENDENCY: THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT AS A POLITICAL STRATEGY IN THE MISSION FOR GLOBAL CAPITALISM","attachmentId":48954341,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28586576/CHANGING_CONCEPTS_OF_DEPENDENCY_THE_CONCEPT_OF_DEVELOPMENT_AS_A_POLITICAL_STRATEGY_IN_THE_MISSION_FOR_GLOBAL_CAPITALISM","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28586576/CHANGING_CONCEPTS_OF_DEPENDENCY_THE_CONCEPT_OF_DEVELOPMENT_AS_A_POLITICAL_STRATEGY_IN_THE_MISSION_FOR_GLOBAL_CAPITALISM"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="15105166" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15105166/International_development_and_the_potential_for_change_beyond_capitalism_Red_Pepper">International development and the potential for change beyond capitalism_Red Pepper</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1263084" href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/ThomasMarois">Thomas Marois</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5802228" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/LuciaPradella">Lucia Pradella</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"International development and the potential for change beyond capitalism_Red Pepper","attachmentId":38542521,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15105166/International_development_and_the_potential_for_change_beyond_capitalism_Red_Pepper","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15105166/International_development_and_the_potential_for_change_beyond_capitalism_Red_Pepper"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="86797284" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86797284/Confronting_the_Orthodoxies_of_Globalisation_Failed_State_Syndrome_Economic_Dependency_and_the_l_ilemma_of_African_Development">Confronting the Orthodoxies of Globalisation: Failed State Syndrome, Economic Dependency and the l)ilemma of African Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3429947" href="https://bowenuniversity-edu.academia.edu/DrAgaptusNwozor">Agaptus Nwozor, Ph.D</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Africa is ern uneqnal partner in the globalisetl vr,orlr-1. L)espite the neoliberal claims that globalisation pr11r1,i6les eqlr.rl opportunities for growth and devekrpment to ali prl;1ys15 in thc global capitalist ;rrena, all indices of growth and developrrncnt in relatitrn to Africa are in the nc;ative lr,hich signify that globalis.rtion has led to retrogrc.ssion rather than progress. The dilemma of Africa&#39;s develr.lprmgnt is in svnc &quot;r,ith, and indeed jr-rstifies, the seeming snsprcion and criticisms of the de;renden., theorisation of Third World scholarship. No dor-rbt, the n.rture of Africa&#39;s incorporation :into the global c.,rpitalist system contributed to its peripheral status, but that explanatory moclel does not satisfactorilv subsist in explaining its continued entrapment in r.rnderdevelop-rment given its abundant human and natr-rral eudowments. The culpability for Africa&#39;s underdevelopment does not only reside in the mechanisms of its integration into glob...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Confronting the Orthodoxies of Globalisation: Failed State Syndrome, Economic Dependency and the l)ilemma of African Development","attachmentId":91170864,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86797284/Confronting_the_Orthodoxies_of_Globalisation_Failed_State_Syndrome_Economic_Dependency_and_the_l_ilemma_of_African_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86797284/Confronting_the_Orthodoxies_of_Globalisation_Failed_State_Syndrome_Economic_Dependency_and_the_l_ilemma_of_African_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="8185348" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8185348/_July_2001_International_capital_a_menace_to_human_dignity_and_life_on_planet_earth_Notes_on_globalisation_and_its_effects_on_developing_societies_as_explained_by_structuralism_and_dependency_theory">(July 2001) International capital: a menace to human dignity and life on planet earth Notes on globalisation and its effects on developing societies as explained by structuralism and dependency theory </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="137354" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/R%C3%B3binsonRojasSandford">Róbinson Rojas Sandford</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">By Róbinson Rojas Sandford.- 1.- Increasing globalisation, which appears as if it was the only way societies can develop in modern times, points to the continuing relevance of structuralist theory as posed by ECLAC since the 1950s, and dependency theory as developed from the early 1960s, in Chile. Both theories view the problems of underdevelopment and development within a global context, as interconnected economic, political and social processes. Dependency theory forecasted that the world system will tend to concentrate production in the hands of relatively few transnational corporations, making of the world market an oligopoly market. From this, the theory also forecasted a long trend to slow down production and to speed up income polarisation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"(July 2001) International capital: a menace to human dignity and life on planet earth Notes on globalisation and its effects on developing societies as explained by structuralism and dependency theory ","attachmentId":34628139,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8185348/_July_2001_International_capital_a_menace_to_human_dignity_and_life_on_planet_earth_Notes_on_globalisation_and_its_effects_on_developing_societies_as_explained_by_structuralism_and_dependency_theory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8185348/_July_2001_International_capital_a_menace_to_human_dignity_and_life_on_planet_earth_Notes_on_globalisation_and_its_effects_on_developing_societies_as_explained_by_structuralism_and_dependency_theory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="24711326" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24711326/Capitalism_Globalisation_and_the_Underdevelopment_Process_in_Africa_History_in_Perpetuity">Capitalism, Globalisation and the Underdevelopment Process in Africa: History in Perpetuity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="204145" href="https://ibadan.academia.edu/AyokunleOlumuyiwaOmobowale">Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Africa Development, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Since the incorporation of the Third World nations into the world capitalist system, the underdevelopment process seems to have commenced through the use of liberal economic principles. In spite of the obvious pauperisation of these nations, it seems as if there is no alternative even when indigenous governments are in control of affairs. This paper attempts to show why the underdevelopment process has persisted with capitalism entrenched in the garb of globalisation. It suggests that the way out is for the developing world to control and own their means of survival without which the underdevelopment process shall continue. Of utmost significance however is the need to control the intellectual domain.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Capitalism, Globalisation and the Underdevelopment Process in Africa: History in Perpetuity","attachmentId":45043671,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24711326/Capitalism_Globalisation_and_the_Underdevelopment_Process_in_Africa_History_in_Perpetuity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24711326/Capitalism_Globalisation_and_the_Underdevelopment_Process_in_Africa_History_in_Perpetuity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="800575" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/800575/Development_Collapse_Stagnation_and_Crisis_in_the_Capitalist_System">Development Collapse: Stagnation and Crisis in the Capitalist System</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="294198" href="https://jussemper.academia.edu/%C3%81lvaroDeRegilCastilla">Álvaro de Regil</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this essay is to discuss the stagnation of the capitalist system with the end of the recovery of the developed economies and the subsequent collapse of Third World development and the unilateral abandonment of the gold pattern by the U.S., effectively breaking with Keynesian economics -not because of its failure but because of the lack of U.S. fiscal discipline and its geopolitical interests- and replacing it with the current Neoliberal ethos. The essay opens by briefly describing the strong growth of the developed economies in the sixties, which then fall into stagnation and inflation in the seventies. Summary  The Dependencies of the System  The Decline of the Empire  Oil Crises and Third World Indebtedness  Developmental Collapse  A New Economic Thought  Reaganomics and the Third World  Debt Restructuring by Economic Restructuring</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development Collapse: Stagnation and Crisis in the Capitalist System","attachmentId":30853187,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/800575/Development_Collapse_Stagnation_and_Crisis_in_the_Capitalist_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/800575/Development_Collapse_Stagnation_and_Crisis_in_the_Capitalist_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":101350472,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":101350472,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_101350472" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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