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<li id="toc-Linga_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linga_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Linga dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linga_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dutch colonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surnames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surnames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Surnames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surnames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_dance_and_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_dance_and_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Traditional dance and arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_dance_and_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Traditional cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_cloth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_cloth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Traditional cloth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_cloth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gayo people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bansa_Gayo" title="Bansa Gayo – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bansa Gayo" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Gayo" title="Wong Gayo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wong Gayo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%91" title="Гаё – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гаё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayo_(population)" title="Gayo (population) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gayo (population)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Gayo" title="Suku Gayo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Gayo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Gayo" title="Wong Gayo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Gayo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Гайо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гайо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="جايونيز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جايونيز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayo" title="Gayo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gayo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Gayo" title="Urang Gayo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Gayo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayo_(lud)" title="Gayo (lud) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gayo (lud)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Гайо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гайо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Gayo" title="Suku Gayo – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suku Gayo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Гайо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гайо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="加约人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加约人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Gayo" title="Orang Gayo – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Orang Gayo" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2607626#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in Indonesia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gayo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gayo (disambiguation)">Gayo</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gayo_people" title="Special:EditPage/Gayo people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gayo+people%22">"Gayo people"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gayo+people%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gayo+people%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gayo+people%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gayo+people%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gayo+people%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><b>Gayo people</b></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><i>Urang Gayo</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gayo_Wedding.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gayo_Wedding.JPG/250px-Gayo_Wedding.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gayo_Wedding.JPG/375px-Gayo_Wedding.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gayo_Wedding.JPG/500px-Gayo_Wedding.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="2347" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Gayonese couple in traditional attire.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">336,856<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gayo</b> people are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> living in the <a href="/wiki/Highland_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland (landform)">highlands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> Province, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. The Gayo tribe has a population of 336,856 and they live predominantly in the mountains. Most Gayo live in three <a href="/wiki/Regency_(Indonesia)" title="Regency (Indonesia)">regencies in Aceh</a> namely <a href="/wiki/Bener_Meriah_Regency" title="Bener Meriah Regency">Bener Meriah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Aceh_Regency" title="Central Aceh Regency">Central Aceh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gayo_Lues_Regency" title="Gayo Lues Regency">Gayo Lues</a>. Some of them live in several <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">districts</a> in other regencies, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbejadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbejadi (page does not exist)">Serbejadi District</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpang_Jernih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpang Jernih (page does not exist)">Simpang Jernih District</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peunaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peunaron (page does not exist)">Peunaron District</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Aceh_Regency" title="East Aceh Regency">East Aceh Regency</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beutong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beutong (page does not exist)">Beutong District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nagan_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagan Raya">Nagan Raya Regency</a>. Other than that, the Gayo population also covers <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Aceh_Regency" title="Southeast Aceh Regency">Southeast Aceh Regency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Tamiang_Regency" title="Aceh Tamiang Regency">Aceh Tamiang Regency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their homeland lies in the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Mountains" title="Barisan Mountains">Barisan Mountains</a> which has elevations of over 12,000 feet and extends more than one thousand miles. The <a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayonese language</a> has four dialects: Lut, Serbejadi-Lukup, Lut and Luwes. Their language does not have a writing system, but folk tales, stories and poetry are passed down in oral tradition. The traditional house of the Gayo is called <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umah_(Gajo_house)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umah (Gajo house) (page does not exist)">Umah</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 11th century, the Linge Kingdom was established by the Gayo people<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the reign of Sultan Makhdum Johan Berdaulat Mahmud Syah from the Perlak Sultanate, as it was told by two rulers who were ruling during the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> era; namely Raja Uyem and his son Raja Ranta, who is Raja Cik Bebesen, and also Zainuddin from the rulers of Kejurun Bukit. Raja Linge I is said to have four children. The eldest was his daughter, Empu Beru or Datu Beru, and the remaining are Sebayak Lingga (Ali Syah), Meurah Johan (Johan Syah) and Meurah Lingga (Malamsyah). Sebayak Lingga wandered off to Karo land and founded a country there and he was known as Raja Lingga Sibayak. Meurah Johan ventured on to <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Besar_Regency" title="Aceh Besar Regency">Aceh Besar</a> and established his kingdom by the name of Lam Krak or Lam Oeii or also known as Lamuri or <a href="/wiki/Lamuri_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamuri Sultanate">Lamuri Sultanate</a>. This would mean that the <a href="/wiki/Lamuri_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamuri Sultanate">Lamuri Sultanate</a> was founded by Meurah Johan, while Meurah Lingga who was living in Linge, Gayo and the rest became kings of Linge for generations. Meurah Silu migrated to <a href="/wiki/Pasai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasai">Pasai</a> and became an officer to the <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Pasai Sultanate</a> there. Meurah Mege himself was buried with Ni Rayang at the slopes of Keramil Paluh in Linge, <a href="/wiki/Central_Aceh" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Aceh">Central Aceh</a>, which until today it can still be found and are considered sacred by the locals. The cause of migrating was unknown. However, according to history, Raja Linge favoured his youngest son, Meurah Mege, causing the rest of his children to prefer to wander away.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linga_dynasty">Linga dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Linga dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adi Genali Raja Linge I in Gayo. <ul><li>Raja Sebayak Lingga became King of Karo in Karo land.</li> <li>Raja Merah Johan, founded the <a href="/wiki/Lamuri_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamuri Sultanate">Lamuri Sultanate</a>.</li> <li>Merah Silu, son of Merah Sinabung, founded <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai Sultanate</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Raja Linge II also known as Marah Lingga in Gayo.</li> <li>Raja Lingga III to XII in Gayo.</li> <li>Raja Lingga XIII became Amir al-Harb of <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a>. In 1533, the new <a href="/wiki/Johor_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Empire">Johor Empire</a> was founded in pre-independence <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> led by Sultan Alauddin Mansyur Syah. Raja Lingga XIII was appointed to be in the cabinet of the new government. His descendants established the <a href="/wiki/Lingga_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingga Sultanate">Lingga Sultanate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lingga_Island" title="Lingga Island">Lingga Island</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands" title="Riau Islands">Riau Islands</a>, and his sovereignty extended to <a href="/wiki/Riau_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Riau Province">Riau Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Temasek" title="Temasek">Temasek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>) and parts of <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malaya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>).</li></ul> <p>No documentation were recorded on the rulers of Sebayak Lingga Karo. During the era of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, the monarchy was appointed again but for two eras only. </p> <ul><li>Raja Sendi Sibayak Lingga, as chosen by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>.</li> <li>Raja Kalilong Sibayak Lingga.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_colonization">Dutch colonization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dutch colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_in_de_versterkte_kampong_Lahat_met_vermoorde_inwoners_na_de_inname_door_de_marechaussee_tijdens_de_tocht_naar_de_Gajo-_en_Alaslanden_onder_leiding_van_overste_Van_Daalen_TMnr_60011256.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_in_de_versterkte_kampong_Lahat_met_vermoorde_inwoners_na_de_inname_door_de_marechaussee_tijdens_de_tocht_naar_de_Gajo-_en_Alaslanden_onder_leiding_van_overste_Van_Daalen_TMnr_60011256.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_in_de_versterkte_kampong_Lahat_met_vermoorde_inwoners_na_de_inname_door_de_marechaussee_tijdens_de_tocht_naar_de_Gajo-_en_Alaslanden_onder_leiding_van_overste_Van_Daalen_TMnr_60011256.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_in_de_versterkte_kampong_Lahat_met_vermoorde_inwoners_na_de_inname_door_de_marechaussee_tijdens_de_tocht_naar_de_Gajo-_en_Alaslanden_onder_leiding_van_overste_Van_Daalen_TMnr_60011256.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Gayo villagers at the fort of Likat killed by the <a href="/wiki/Korps_Marechaussee_te_voet" title="Korps Marechaussee te voet">Korps Marechaussee te voet</a> during the Gayo, Alas, and Batak campaign led by <a href="/wiki/Gotfried_Coenraad_Ernst_van_Daalen" title="Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen">Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen</a> in 1904 (Photographed by <a href="/wiki/Henricus_Marinus_Neeb" title="Henricus Marinus Neeb">Henricus Marinus Neeb</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>After initial Dutch resistance, where many Gayonese and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> were killed, the Dutch occupied the area during 1904–1942.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, the Gayonese developed a thriving <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a> economy in vegetables and coffee. Since the Dutch colonization, the Gayonese have gained access to higher levels of education, and participated to some degree in the Islamization and modernization of their homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-joshuaproject_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joshuaproject-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surnames">Surnames</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Surnames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although it is not the practice of majority of Gayo society to have their surnames included, however there are a small group of them that still have their surnames attached to their given name especially those that are from Bebesen region.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of the surname is only for them be identify and to be able to trace the individual's family lineage, thus it is not regarded as of great importance for the Gayo people.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gayonese are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslims</a> but practise a local form of Islam. Traces of ancient pre-Islamic traditions are still extant. In ancient times, the Gayonese believed in good and bad spirits and in holy men, both dead and alive. They would regularly give ritual offerings and sacrifices to the spirits, to holy men, and to their ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-joshuaproject_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joshuaproject-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conversion to Islam among the Gayo took multiple routes. According to local traditions, the Gayo attribute their conversion to the missionary activities of a Acehnese religious scholar during the early 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>, Muslim merchants spread the religion to the highlands.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Aceh, the <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a> expanded their influence to the region which also contributed to the eventual conversion of the Gayo.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_dance_and_arts">Traditional dance and arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Traditional dance and arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mannen_dansen_Didong_een_Gajo-dans_TMnr_10004585.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mannen_dansen_Didong_een_Gajo-dans_TMnr_10004585.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mannen_dansen_Didong_een_Gajo-dans_TMnr_10004585.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mannen_dansen_Didong_een_Gajo-dans_TMnr_10004585.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mannen_dansen_Didong_een_Gajo-dans_TMnr_10004585.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mannen_dansen_Didong_een_Gajo-dans_TMnr_10004585.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mannen_dansen_Didong_een_Gajo-dans_TMnr_10004585.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><i>Didong</i> dancing by Gayonese men.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saman_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Saman_dance.jpg/220px-Saman_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Saman_dance.jpg/330px-Saman_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Saman_dance.jpg/440px-Saman_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Saman dance performed by Gayonese men.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guel_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Guel_dance.jpg/170px-Guel_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Guel_dance.jpg/255px-Guel_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Guel_dance.jpg/340px-Guel_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Guel dance.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Didong<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Didong Alo</li> <li>Didong Sesuk</li> <li>Didong Niet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman_(dance)" title="Saman (dance)">Saman dance</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bines dance<sup id="cite_ref-IJS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Guel dance<sup id="cite_ref-MTD_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTD-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Munalo dance</li> <li>Sining dance<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Turun ku Aih Aunen dance</li> <li>Resam Berume dance<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tuah Kukur</li> <li>Melengkan</li> <li>Dabus<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_cuisine">Traditional cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Traditional cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Masam Jaeng</li> <li>Gutel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepet" title="Lepet">Lepat</a><sup id="cite_ref-MTD_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTD-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pulut Bekuah</li> <li>Cecah<sup id="cite_ref-AGOG_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGOG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pengat<sup id="cite_ref-AGOG_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGOG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gegaloh</li> <li>Gelame</li> <li>Duekali</li> <li>Dedah<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_cloth">Traditional cloth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Traditional cloth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upuh_Ulen-Ulen" title="Upuh Ulen-Ulen">Upuh Ulen-Ulen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAris_AnantaEvi_Nurvidya_ArifinM_Sairi_HasbullahNur_Budi_Handayani2015" class="citation book cs1">Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M Sairi Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; Agus Pramono (2015). <i>Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity</i>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4519-87-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4519-87-8"><bdi>978-981-4519-87-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demography+of+Indonesia%27s+Ethnicity&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-981-4519-87-8&rft.au=Aris+Ananta&rft.au=Evi+Nurvidya+Arifin&rft.au=M+Sairi+Hasbullah&rft.au=Nur+Budi+Handayani&rft.au=Agus+Pramono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Junus_Melalatoa2006" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Junus Melalatoa (2006). <i>Memahami Aceh Sebuah Perspektif Budaya dalam Aceh</i>. Aceh Kembali ke Masa Depan anthology, IKJ Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-3778-27-X" title="Special:BookSources/979-3778-27-X"><bdi>979-3778-27-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memahami+Aceh+Sebuah+Perspektif+Budaya+dalam+Aceh&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Aceh+Kembali+ke+Masa+Depan+anthology%2C+IKJ+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=979-3778-27-X&rft.au=Muhammad+Junus+Melalatoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2016" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James B. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pGClDAAAQBAJ&dq=gayonese&pg=PA160"><i>Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 159–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-954-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-954-9"><bdi>978-1-61069-954-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Stateless+Nations%3A+Ethnic+and+National+Groups+around+the+World%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=159-160&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-954-9&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpGClDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dgayonese%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Junus_Djamil1959" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Junus Djamil (1959). <i>Gadjah Putih</i>. Lembaga Kebudayaan Atjeh. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/762157637">762157637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gadjah+Putih&rft.pub=Lembaga+Kebudayaan+Atjeh&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F762157637&rft.au=Muhammad+Junus+Djamil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM.H._Gayo1983" class="citation book cs1">M.H. Gayo (1983). <i>Perang Gayo-Alas Melawan Kolonial Belanda</i>. Balai Pustaka. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/568161081">568161081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perang+Gayo-Alas+Melawan+Kolonial+Belanda&rft.pub=Balai+Pustaka&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F568161081&rft.au=M.H.+Gayo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-joshuaproject-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-joshuaproject_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joshuaproject_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11837/ID">"Gayo in Indonesia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Project" title="Joshua Project">Joshua Project</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gayo+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=Joshua+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoshuaproject.net%2Fpeople_groups%2F11837%2FID&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoga_Mulyana2021" class="citation web cs1">Yoga Mulyana (11 November 2021). Sarnapi (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jurnalsoreang.pikiran-rakyat.com/khazanah/pr-1012991339/mengenal-suku-gayo-salah-satu-etnis-tertua-di-nusantara-inikeunikannya">"Mengenal Suku Gayo, Salah Satu Etnis Tertua di Nusantara, Ini.Keunikannya"</a>. Jurnal Soreang<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mengenal+Suku+Gayo%2C+Salah+Satu+Etnis+Tertua+di+Nusantara%2C+Ini.Keunikannya&rft.pub=Jurnal+Soreang&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.au=Yoga+Mulyana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjurnalsoreang.pikiran-rakyat.com%2Fkhazanah%2Fpr-1012991339%2Fmengenal-suku-gayo-salah-satu-etnis-tertua-di-nusantara-inikeunikannya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitria_Ratnawati,_S.Pd.,_Gr.2021" class="citation book cs1">Fitria Ratnawati, S.Pd., Gr. (2021). <i>Gayo Sang Pemikat</i>. Guepedia. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6-2330-9344-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-6-2330-9344-6"><bdi>978-6-2330-9344-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gayo+Sang+Pemikat&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Guepedia&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-6-2330-9344-6&rft.au=Fitria+Ratnawati%2C+S.Pd.%2C+Gr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeekes1984" class="citation book cs1">Weekes, Richard V. (1984-12-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dQ3FEAAAQBAJ"><i>Muslim Peoples [2 Volumes]: A World Ethnographic Survey</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23392-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23392-0"><bdi>978-0-313-23392-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Peoples+%5B2+Volumes%5D%3A+A+World+Ethnographic+Survey&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1984-12-21&rft.isbn=978-0-313-23392-0&rft.aulast=Weekes&rft.aufirst=Richard+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdQ3FEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarter2016" class="citation book cs1">Barter, S. (2016). "Empirical Foundations, Aceh". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DkNvBAAAQBAJ"><i>Civilian Strategy in Civil War: Insights from Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-40299-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-40299-8"><bdi>978-1-137-40299-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Empirical+Foundations%2C+Aceh&rft.btitle=Civilian+Strategy+in+Civil+War%3A+Insights+from+Indonesia%2C+Thailand%2C+and+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-137-40299-8&rft.aulast=Barter&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDkNvBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean_Cycon2007" class="citation book cs1">Dean Cycon (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/javatrekkerdispa00cyco_0"><i>Javatrekker: Dispatches from the World of Fair Trade Coffee</i></a></span>. Chelsea Green Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933392-70-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933392-70-7"><bdi>978-1-933392-70-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Javatrekker%3A+Dispatches+from+the+World+of+Fair+Trade+Coffee&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-933392-70-7&rft.au=Dean+Cycon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjavatrekkerdispa00cyco_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArndt_GrafSusanne_SchroterEdwin_Wieringa2010" class="citation book cs1">Arndt Graf; Susanne Schroter; Edwin Wieringa (2010). <i>Aceh: History, Politics and Culture</i>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4279-12-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4279-12-3"><bdi>978-981-4279-12-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aceh%3A+History%2C+Politics+and+Culture&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-981-4279-12-3&rft.au=Arndt+Graf&rft.au=Susanne+Schroter&rft.au=Edwin+Wieringa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IJS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IJS_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarby_Greenfield1976" class="citation book cs1">Darby Greenfield (1976). <i>Indonesia: Java and Sumatra</i>. Oleander Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902675-46-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902675-46-9"><bdi>978-0-902675-46-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia%3A+Java+and+Sumatra&rft.pub=Oleander+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-902675-46-9&rft.au=Darby+Greenfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTD-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MTD_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MTD_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Richard_Bowen1993" class="citation book cs1">John Richard Bowen (1993). <i>Muslims Through Discourse: Religion and Ritual in Gayo Society</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02870-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02870-2"><bdi>0-691-02870-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+Through+Discourse%3A+Religion+and+Ritual+in+Gayo+Society&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-691-02870-2&rft.au=John+Richard+Bowen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Junus_Melalatoa1982" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Junus Melalatoa (1982). <i>Kebudayaan Gayo</i>. Balai Pustaka. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/557829873">557829873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kebudayaan+Gayo&rft.pub=Balai+Pustaka&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F557829873&rft.au=Muhammad+Junus+Melalatoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Affan_Hasan,_Thantawy_R._&_Kamaluddin_M.1980" class="citation book cs1">M. Affan Hasan, Thantawy R. & Kamaluddin M. (1980). <i>Kesenian Gayo dan perkembangannya</i>. Balai Pustaka. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7410608">7410608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kesenian+Gayo+dan+perkembangannya&rft.pub=Balai+Pustaka&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7410608&rft.au=M.+Affan+Hasan%2C+Thantawy+R.+%26+Kamaluddin+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_J._Kartomi2012" class="citation book cs1">Margaret J. Kartomi (2012). <i>Musical Journeys in Sumatra</i>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03671-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03671-2"><bdi>978-0-252-03671-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musical+Journeys+in+Sumatra&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-252-03671-2&rft.au=Margaret+J.+Kartomi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AGOG-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AGOG_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AGOG_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomenyk_Eades2005" class="citation book cs1">Domenyk Eades (2005). <i>A Grammar of Gayo: A Language of Aceh, Sumatra</i>. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85883-553-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85883-553-3"><bdi>0-85883-553-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Gayo%3A+A+Language+of+Aceh%2C+Sumatra&rft.pub=Research+School+of+Pacific+and+Asian+Studies%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-85883-553-3&rft.au=Domenyk+Eades&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimDapur_Demedia2008" class="citation book cs1">TimDapur Demedia (2008). <i>Masakan Aceh</i>. DeMedia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-1471-37-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-1471-37-4"><bdi>978-979-1471-37-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masakan+Aceh&rft.pub=DeMedia&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-979-1471-37-4&rft.au=TimDapur+Demedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGayo+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayo_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bowen, J. R., <i>Sumatran Politics and Poetics: Gayo History, 1900–1989</i>, Yale University Press, 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04708-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04708-0">978-0-300-04708-0</a></li> <li>Bowen, J. R., <i>Muslims Through Discourse: Religion and Ritual in Gayo Society</i>, Princeton University Press, 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02870-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02870-2">0-691-02870-2</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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Indonesia">Ethnic groups in Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Indonesians" title="Indonesians">Indonesians</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Malay#Indonesia" title="Proto-Malay">Aboriginal</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akit_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akit people (page does not exist)">Akit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batin_people" title="Batin people">Batin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonai_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonai people (page does not exist)">Bonai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_people" title="Lubu people">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mante_people" title="Mante people">Mante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kuala" title="Orang Kuala">Orang Kuala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Rimba_people" title="Orang Rimba people">Orang Rimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakai_people_(Indonesia)" title="Sakai people (Indonesia)">Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petalangan_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petalangan people (page does not exist)">Petalangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talang_Mamak_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talang Mamak people (page does not exist)">Talang Mamak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_people" title="Acehnese people">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alas_people" title="Alas people">Alas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak" title="Batak">Batak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkola_people" title="Angkola people">Angkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karo_people_(Indonesia)" title="Karo people (Indonesia)">Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_people" title="Mandailing people">Mandailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakpak_people" title="Pakpak people">Pakpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simalungun_people" title="Simalungun people">Simalungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_people" title="Toba Batak people">Toba Batak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_people" title="Enggano people">Enggano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kluet_people" title="Kluet people">Kluet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komering_people" title="Komering people">Komering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_people" title="Lampung people">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Laut" title="Orang Laut">Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asahan_Malay_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asahan Malay people (page does not exist)">Asahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basemah_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basemah people (page does not exist)">Basemah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belida_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belida people (page does not exist)">Belida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugis-Malay" title="Bugis-Malay">Bugis-Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deli_Malay_people" title="Deli Malay people">Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enim_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enim people (page does not exist)">Enim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kikim_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kikim people (page does not exist)">Kikim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisam_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kisam people (page does not exist)">Kisam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahat_Malay_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahat Malay people (page does not exist)">Lahat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langkat_Malay_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langkat Malay people (page does not exist)">Langkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembak_people" title="Lembak people">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lintang_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lintang people (page does not exist)">Lintang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musi_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musi people (page does not exist)">Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_people" title="Palembang people">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegagan_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegagan people (page does not exist)">Pegagan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penesak_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penesak people (page does not exist)">Penesak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambang_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambang people (page does not exist)">Rambang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau_Malays" title="Riau Malays">Riau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semendo_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semendo people (page does not exist)">Semendo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serdang_Malay_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serdang Malay people (page does not exist)">Serdang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_people" title="Mentawai people">Mentawai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakuddei" title="Sakuddei">Sakuddei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aneuk_Jamee_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aneuk Jamee people">Aneuk Jamee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_people" title="Nias people">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haloban_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haloban people (page does not exist)">Haloban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan people (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_people" title="Rejang people">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_people" title="Simeulue people">Simeulue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singkil_people" title="Singkil people">Singkil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_people" title="Betawi people">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirebonese_people" title="Cirebonese people">Cirebonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_people" title="Banyumasan people">Banyumasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osing_people" title="Osing people">Osing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_people" title="Tenggerese people">Tenggerese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangeanese_people" title="Kangeanese people">Kangeanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_people" title="Madurese people">Madurese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawean_people" title="Bawean people">Bawean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baduy_people" title="Baduy people">Baduy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantenese_people" title="Bantenese people">Bantenese</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Kalimantan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_people" title="Banjar people">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li>Apo Duat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelabit_people" title="Kelabit people">Kelabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang" title="Lun Bawang">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ban_people" title="Sa'ban people">Sa'ban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_Kayan_people" title="Apo Kayan people">Apo Kayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahau_people" title="Bahau people">Bahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_people_(Borneo)" title="Kayan people (Borneo)">Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyah_people" title="Kenyah people">Kenyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebbo%27_people" title="Lebbo' people">Lebbo'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Baka%27_people" title="Uma Baka' people">Uma Baka'</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_people" title="Kendayan people">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selako_people" title="Selako people">Selako</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_Mualang" title="Dayak Mualang">Mualang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murut_people" title="Murut people">Murut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidung_people" title="Tidung people">Tidung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ot_Danum_people" title="Ot Danum people">Ot Danum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawangan_people" title="Lawangan people">Lawangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_people" title="Ma'anyan people">Ma'anyan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaju_people" title="Ngaju people">Ngaju</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakumpai_people" title="Bakumpai people">Bakumpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meratus_Dayak" title="Meratus Dayak">Meratus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Bah" title="Punan Bah">Punan Bah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukitan_people" title="Bukitan people">Bukitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krio_Dayak_people" title="Krio Dayak people">Krio</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malays" title="Berau Malays">Berau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Malay" title="Pontianak Malay">Pontianak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Laut" title="Orang Laut">Orang Laut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taus%C5%ABg_people" title="Tausūg people">Suluk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Buginese people">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_people" title="Bungku people">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butonese_people" title="Butonese people">Butonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_people" title="Bonerate people">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontaloan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontaloan people">Gorontaloan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumpang_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalumpang people (page does not exist)">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindu_people" title="Lindu people">Lindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_people" title="Makassar people">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarese_people" title="Mandarese people">Mandarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_people" title="Minahasan people">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_people" title="Mongondow people">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_people" title="Muna people">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_people" title="Pamona people">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rampi_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rampi people (page does not exist)">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangirese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese people">Sangirese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seko_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seko people (page does not exist)">Seko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Taa_Wana" title="Tau Taa Wana">Tau Taa Wana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torajan_people" title="Torajan people">Torajan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_people" title="Mamasa people">Mamasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">Papua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abun_people" title="Abun people">Abun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amung_people" title="Amung people">Amungme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmat_people" title="Asmat people">Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauzi_people" title="Bauzi people">Bauzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damal_people" title="Damal people">Damalme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani_people" title="Dani people">Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekari people">Ekari (Mee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayu_people" title="Fayu people">Fayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanum_people" title="Kanum people">Kanum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketengban_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketengban people (page does not exist)">Ketengban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombai_people" title="Kombai people">Kombai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korowai_people" title="Korowai people">Korowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lani_people" title="Lani people">Lani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marind_people" title="Marind people">Marind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mek_people" title="Mek people">Mek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_people" title="Moni people">Moni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduga_people" title="Nduga people">Nduga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_people" title="Sawi people">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentani_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentani people (page does not exist)">Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehit_people" title="Tehit people">Tehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobati_people" title="Tobati people">Tobati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wambon_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wambon people (page does not exist)">Wambon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waropen_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waropen people (page does not exist)">Waropen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolani_people" title="Wolani people">Wolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yali_people" title="Yali people">Yali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaur_people" title="Yaur people">Yaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_people_(Indonesia)" title="Yei people (Indonesia)">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser <br />Sunda Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abui_people" title="Abui people">Abui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoni" title="Atoni">Atoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Aga" title="Bali Aga">Bali Aga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimanese_people" title="Bimanese people">Bimanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunak_people" title="Bunak people">Bunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong_people" title="Helong people">Helong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemak_people" title="Kemak people">Kemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamaholot_people" title="Lamaholot people">Lamaholot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loloan_Malays" title="Loloan Malays">Loloan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manggarai_people" title="Manggarai people">Manggarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nage" class="mw-redirect" title="Nage">Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotenese_people" title="Rotenese people">Rotenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_people" title="Sasak people">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_people" title="Savu people">Savu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikka_people" title="Sikka people">Sikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumba_people" title="Sumba people">Sumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_people" title="Sumbawa people">Sumbawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetum_people" title="Tetum people">Tetum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moluccans" title="Moluccans">Moluccan</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfur people">Alfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alune_people" title="Alune people">Alune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manusela_people" title="Manusela people">Manusela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaulu_people" title="Nuaulu people">Nuaulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambelau_people" title="Ambelau people">Ambelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambonese">Ambonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buru_people" title="Buru people">Buru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wai_Apu_people" title="Wai Apu people">Wai Apu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayeli_people" title="Kayeli people">Kayeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisela_people" title="Lisela people">Lisela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanimbarese" title="Tanimbarese">Tanimbarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobelo_people" title="Tobelo people">Tobelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togutil_people" title="Togutil people">Togutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemale_people" title="Wemale people">Wemale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Non-indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Indonesians" title="African Indonesians">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belanda_Hitam" title="Belanda Hitam">Black Dutchmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesians" title="Arab Indonesians">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Indonesia" title="Armenians in Indonesia">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindians" title="Chindians">Chindian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benteng_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Benteng Chinese">Benteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_the_Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Chinese in the Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Belitung Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Maluku" title="Chinese Maluku">Maluku Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padang_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padang Chinese (page does not exist)">Padang Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aceh_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aceh Chinese (page does not exist)">Aceh Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bali_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bali Chinese (page does not exist)">Bali Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parit_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parit Chinese (page does not exist)">Parit Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palembang_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palembang Chinese (page does not exist)">Palembang Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medan_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medan Chinese (page does not exist)">Medan Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakans" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakans">Peranakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Indonesia" title="Filipinos in Indonesia">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesians" title="Indian Indonesians">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klingalese" title="Klingalese">Klingalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Indonesians" title="Tamil Indonesians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_migration_to_Indonesia" 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