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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Rival_of_Frigg"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Rival_of_Frigg""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>"Rival of Frigg"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Rival_of_Frigg"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earth_and_fertility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earth_and_fertility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Earth and fertility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earth_and_fertility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerðr</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_(nordisk_mytologi)" title="Gerd (nordisk mytologi) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gerd (nordisk mytologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerda_(Mythologie)" title="Gerda (Mythologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gerda (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0" title="Gerð – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gerð" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3)" title="جرد (اسطوره نورس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرد (اسطوره نورس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd" title="Gerd – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gerd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%93%9C" title="게르드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게르드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd" title="Gerd – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gerd" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0ur" title="Gerður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gerður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%93%27" title="גרד' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרד'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerda" title="Gerda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gerda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd" title="Gerd – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gerd" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_(mythologie)" title="Gerd (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gerd (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA" title="ゲルズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_(mytologi)" title="Gerd (mytologi) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gerd (mytologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerda" title="Gerda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gerda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerda" title="Gerda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gerda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd" title="Gerd – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gerd" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Герд (мифология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герд (мифология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd" title="Gerd – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gerd" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_(mytologi)" title="Gerd (mytologi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gerd (mytologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gerðr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Ґерд (міфологія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґерд (міфологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%BE%B7" title="葛德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葛德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1127847#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norse deity</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skirnir%27s_message_to_Gerd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Skirnir%27s_message_to_Gerd.jpg/220px-Skirnir%27s_message_to_Gerd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Skirnir%27s_message_to_Gerd.jpg/330px-Skirnir%27s_message_to_Gerd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Skirnir%27s_message_to_Gerd.jpg/440px-Skirnir%27s_message_to_Gerd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption><i>Skirnir's Message to Gerd</i> (1908) by <a href="/wiki/W._G._Collingwood" title="W. G. Collingwood">W. G. Collingwood</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, <b>Gerðr</b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="non-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈɡerðz̠]</a></span>; "fenced-in"<sup id="cite_ref-ORCHARD54_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORCHARD54-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">goddess</a>, and the wife of the god <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a>. Gerðr is attested in the <i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i>, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; the <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a></i>, written in the 13th century by <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>; and in the poetry of <a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">skalds</a>. <i>Gerðr</i> is sometimes modernly anglicized as <b>Gerd</b> or <b>Gerth</b>. </p><p>In both the <i>Poetic Edda</i> and the <i>Prose Edda</i>, Freyr sees Gerðr from a distance, becomes deeply lovesick at the sight of her shimmering beauty, and has his servant <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a> go to <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheimr" title="Jötunheimr">Jötunheimr</a> (where Gerðr and her father <a href="/wiki/Gymir_(father_of_Ger%C3%B0r)" title="Gymir (father of Gerðr)">Gymir</a> reside) to gain her love. In the <i>Poetic Edda</i> Gerðr initially refuses, yet after a series of threats by Skírnir she is forced to yield. In the <i>Prose Edda</i>, no mention of threats is made. In both sources, Gerðr agrees to meet Freyr at a fixed time at the location of <a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a> and, after Skírnir returns with Gerðr's response, Freyr laments that the meeting could not occur sooner. In both the <i>Poetic Edda</i> and the <i>Prose Edda</i>, Gerðr is described as the daughter of Gymir and the jötunn <a href="/wiki/Aurbo%C3%B0a" title="Aurboða">Aurboða</a>. </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a></i>, Gerðr is recorded as the wife of Freyr, <a href="/wiki/Euhemerized" class="mw-redirect" title="Euhemerized">euhemerized</a> as having been a beloved <a href="/wiki/Mythical_kings_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythical kings of Sweden">king of Sweden</a>. In the same source, the couple are the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Yngling" title="Yngling">Yngling</a> dynasty and produced a son, <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lnir" title="Fjölnir">Fjölnir</a>, who rose to kinghood after Freyr's passing and continued their line. Gerðr is commonly theorized to be a goddess <a href="/wiki/Chthonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chthonic">associated with the earth</a>. Gerðr inspired works of art and literature. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attestations">Attestations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyrnir_and_Gerda_by_Harry_George_Theaker_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Skyrnir_and_Gerda_by_Harry_George_Theaker_1920.jpg/220px-Skyrnir_and_Gerda_by_Harry_George_Theaker_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Skyrnir_and_Gerda_by_Harry_George_Theaker_1920.jpg/330px-Skyrnir_and_Gerda_by_Harry_George_Theaker_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Skyrnir_and_Gerda_by_Harry_George_Theaker_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Skyrnir and Gerda - Illustration by Harry George Theaker for Children's Stories from the Northern Legends by M. Dorothy Belgrave and Hilda Hart, 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>Gerðr is attested in two poems in the <i>Poetic Edda</i>, in two books of the <i>Prose Edda</i>, and in two books in <i>Heimskringla</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetic_Edda"><i>Poetic Edda</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Poetic Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <i>Poetic Edda</i> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l" title="Skírnismál">Skírnismál</a></i>, the god Freyr sat on the high seat <a href="/wiki/Hlidskjalf" title="Hlidskjalf">Hlidskjalf</a> and looked into all worlds. Freyr saw a beautiful girl walking from the hall of her father to a storehouse. Freyr became heartsick for the girl. Freyr has a page named <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a>. Freyr's father <a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Njörðr">Njörðr</a> and, in verse, the goddess <a href="/wiki/Ska%C3%B0i" title="Skaði">Skaði</a> tells Skírnir to find out what troubles Freyr. An exchange occurs between Freyr and Skírnir in verse, where Freyr tells Skírnir that he has seen a wondrous girl with shining arms at the home of (her father) <a href="/wiki/Gymir_(father_of_Ger%C3%B0r)" title="Gymir (father of Gerðr)">Gymir</a>, yet that the gods and elves do not wish for the two to be together: </p> <blockquote> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <dl><dd><small><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thorpe" title="Benjamin Thorpe">Benjamin Thorpe</a> translation:</small></dd> <dd>In Gýmir's courts I saw walking</dd> <dd>a maid for whom I long.</dd> <dd>Her arms gave forth light wherewith shone</dd> <dd>all air and water.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Is more desirable to me that maid</dd> <dd>than to any youth in early days;</dd> <dd>yet will no one, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a> or Alfar,</dd> <dd>that we together live.<sup id="cite_ref-THORPE80_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THORPE80-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd><small><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams_Bellows_(businessman)" title="Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)">Henry Adams Bellows</a> translation:</small></dd> <dd>"From Gymir's house I behold forth</dd> <dd>A maiden dear to me;</dd> <dd>Her arms glittered, and from their gleam</dd> <dd>Shone all the sea and sky."</dd></dl> <dl><dd>"To me more dear than in days of old</dd> <dd>Was ever maiden to man;</dd> <dd>But no one of gods or elves will grant</dd> <dd>That we be together should be."<sup id="cite_ref-BELLOWS110_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BELLOWS110-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </blockquote> <p>Skírnir requests that Freyr give him a horse and Freyr's sword; a sword which fights <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötnar</a> by itself. Under the cover of darkness, Skírnir rides the horse over nations and dew-covered mountains until he reaches <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheimr" title="Jötunheimr">Jötunheimr</a>, the home of the jötnar, and proceeds to Gymir's courts. Ferocious dogs are tied before the wooden fence that surrounds Gerðr's hall. Skírnir rides out to a herdsman (unnamed) sitting on a <a href="/wiki/Burial_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial mound">mound</a>, greets him, and asks the herdsman how he may speak to the maiden beyond Gymir's dogs. An exchange occurs between the herdsman and Skírnir, during which the herdsman tells Skírnir that he will never speak to the girl.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON62-63_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON62-63-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hearing a terrible noise in her dwellings, Gerðr asks where it is coming from, noting that the earth trembles and that all of Gymir's courts shake. A serving maid (unnamed) notes that outside a man has dismounted his horse and has let it graze. Gerðr tells the serving maid to invite the man to come into their hall and to partake of some of their "famous <a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">mead</a>," yet Gerðr expresses fear that the man outside may be her "brother's slayer".<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON64_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON64-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_I_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_I_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/220px-Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_I_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_I_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/330px-Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_I_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_I_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/440px-Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_I_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Gerðr refuses Skírnir's offer of eleven golden apples and the ring gift as illustrated (1895) by <a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich" title="Lorenz Frølich">Lorenz Frølich</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gerðr asks the stranger if he is of the elves, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a>, and why he comes alone "over the wild fire" to seek their company. Skírnir responds that he is of none of these groups, yet that he has indeed sought her out. Skírnir offers Gerðr 11 golden apples (or <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn">apples of eternal life</a>, in a common emendation) to gain her favor. Gerðr rejects the apples—no matter who offers them—and adds that neither will she and Freyr be together as long as they live. Skírnir offers Gerðr a ring, here unnamed (Draupnir), that <a href="/wiki/Draupnir" title="Draupnir">produces eight more gold rings every ninth night</a> and "was burned with <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a>'s young son". Gerðr responds that she is not interested in the ring, for she shares her father's property, and Gymir has no lack of gold.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON64AND271_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON64AND271-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Threats">Threats</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skirner_og_Gerd_(1907)_by_L._Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Skirner_og_Gerd_%281907%29_by_L._Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/220px-Skirner_og_Gerd_%281907%29_by_L._Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Skirner_og_Gerd_%281907%29_by_L._Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/330px-Skirner_og_Gerd_%281907%29_by_L._Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Skirner_og_Gerd_%281907%29_by_L._Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/440px-Skirner_og_Gerd_%281907%29_by_L._Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>Skírnir has turned to threats, describing Gerðr's fate at her refusal, as illustrated (1895) by Lorenz Frølich.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_III_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_III_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/220px-Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_III_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_III_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/330px-Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_III_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_III_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/440px-Sk%C3%ADrnir_and_Ger%C3%B0r_III_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="823" /></a><figcaption>Skírnir continues his threats as illustrated (1895) by Lorenz Frølich.</figcaption></figure> <p>Skírnir turns to threats; he points out to Gerðr that he holds a sword in his hand and he threatens to cut her head from her neck unless she agrees. Gerðr refuses; she says that she will not endure the coercion of any man, and says that if Gymir encounters Skírnir then a battle can be expected. Skírnir again reminds Gerðr of his blade and predicts that Gerðr's jötunn father will meet his doom with it. Skírnir warns Gerðr that he will strike her with his <a href="/wiki/Gambanteinn" title="Gambanteinn">Gambanteinn</a>, a wand, that it will tame her to his desires, and says that she will never again be seen by "the sons of men". From early morning, Gerðr will sit on <a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%A6svelgr" title="Hræsvelgr">an eagle's mound</a>, looking outward to the world, facing <a href="/wiki/Hel_(realm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hel (realm)">Hel</a>, and that "food shall be more hateful to you than to every man is the shining serpent among men".<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON65_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON65-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skírnir declares that when Gerðr comes out she will be a spectacle; <a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmgr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímgrímnir">Hrímgrímnir</a> will "glare" at her, "everything" will stare at her, she will become more famous than the <a href="/wiki/Heimdall" title="Heimdall">watchman of the gods</a>, and that she will "gape through the bars". Gerðr will experience "madness and howling, tearing affliction and unbearable desire" and that, in grief, tears will flow from her. Skírnir tells Gerðr to sit down, for her fate will be even worse yet. She will be harassed by fiends all her weary days. From the court of jötnar to the halls of the <a href="/wiki/Hrimthurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrimthurs">hrimthurs</a>, Gerðr shall everyday crawl without choice, nor hope of choice. Gerðr will weep rather than feel joy, suffering tearfully. She will live the rest of her life in misery with a three-headed <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">thurs</a> or otherwise be without a man altogether. Skírnir commands for Gerðr's mind to be seized, that she may waste away with pining, and that she be as the <a href="/wiki/Thistle" title="Thistle">thistle</a> at the end of the harvest; crushed.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON65-66_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON65-66-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skírnir says that he has been to a wood to get a "potent branch", which he found. He declares that the gods <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a> are angry with Gerðr, and that Freyr will hate her; she has "brought down the potent wrath of the gods". Skírnir declares to the hrimthursar, thursar, the sons of <a href="/wiki/Suttungr" title="Suttungr">Suttungr</a>, and the "troops of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a>" that he has denied both pleasure and benefit from men to Gerðr. Skírnir details that the thurs's name who will own her below the gates of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1grind" class="mw-redirect" title="Nágrind">Nágrind</a> is <a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmgr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímgrímnir">Hrímgrímnir</a> and that there, at the <a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">roots of the world</a>, the finest thing Gerðr will be given to drink is the urine of goats. He carves "thurs" (the <a href="/wiki/Runic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic alphabet">runic character</a> *<a href="/wiki/Thurisaz_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thurisaz (rune)">thurisaz</a>) on Gerðr and three runes (unnamed) symbolizing lewdness, frenzy, and unbearable desire, and comments that he can rub them off just as he has carved them—if he wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON66-67_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON66-67-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gerðr responds with a welcome to Skírnir and tells him to take a crystal cup containing ancient <a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">mead</a>, noting that she thought she would never love one of the <a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a>. Skírnir asks her when she will meet with Freyr. Gerðr says that they shall meet at a tranquil location called <a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a>, and that after nine nights she will there grant Freyr her love: </p> <blockquote> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <dl><dd><small>Benjamin Thorpe translation:</small></dd> <dd>Barri is the grove named, which we both know,</dd> <dd>the grove of tranquil paths.</dd> <dd>Nine nights hence, there to Niörd's son</dd> <dd>Gerd will grant delight.<sup id="cite_ref-THORPE84_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THORPE84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd><small>Henry Adams Bellows translation:</small></dd> <dd>Barri there is, which we both know well,.</dd> <dd>A forest fair and still;</dd> <dd>And nine nights hence to the son of Njorth</dd> <dd>Will Gerth grant delight.<sup id="cite_ref-BELLOWS119_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BELLOWS119-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </blockquote> <p>Skírnir rides home. Standing outside, Freyr immediately greets Skírnir and asks for news. Skírnir tells him that Gerðr says she will meet with him at Barri. Freyr, impatient, comments that one night is long, as is two nights, and questions how he will bear three, noting that frequently a month seemed shorter than half a night before being with Gerðr.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON68_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON68-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A stanza in the poem <i><a href="/wiki/Lokasenna" title="Lokasenna">Lokasenna</a></i> refers to Gerðr. In the poem, <a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a> accuses the god Freyr of having purchased Gymir's daughter (Gerðr) with gold and comments that, in the process, Freyr gave away his sword. Referring to Freyr as a "wretch", Loki then posits how Freyr intends to fight when the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sons_of_Muspell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sons of Muspell (page does not exist)">Sons of Muspell</a> ride over the wood <a href="/wiki/Myrkvi%C3%B0r" title="Myrkviðr">Myrkviðr</a> (an event during <a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a>). Freyr's servant, <a href="/wiki/Byggvir" title="Byggvir">Byggvir</a>, interjects and the poem continues.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON91-92_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON91-92-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the poem <i><a href="/wiki/Hyndlulj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Hyndluljóð">Hyndluljóð</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ttar_(mythology)" title="Óttar (mythology)">Óttar</a>'s ancestry is recounted and information is provided about the gods. One stanza that actually belongs to <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lusp%C3%A1_hin_skamma" title="Völuspá hin skamma">Völuspá hin skamma</a></i> relates that Freyr and Gerðr were married, that Gerðr is the daughter of the jötunn Gymir, that Gerðr's mother is <a href="/wiki/Aurbo%C3%B0a" title="Aurboða">Aurboða</a>, and that they are related to <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ejazi" title="Þjazi">Þjazi</a> (the nature of the kinship is not specified)—father of the goddess and jötunn <a href="/wiki/Ska%C3%B0i" title="Skaði">Skaði</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON257_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON257-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose_Edda"><i>Prose Edda</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prose Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skirnir_beschw%C3%B6rt_Gerda_ihm_zu_folgen_by_Karl_Ehrenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Skirnir_beschw%C3%B6rt_Gerda_ihm_zu_folgen_by_Karl_Ehrenberg.jpg/220px-Skirnir_beschw%C3%B6rt_Gerda_ihm_zu_folgen_by_Karl_Ehrenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Skirnir_beschw%C3%B6rt_Gerda_ihm_zu_folgen_by_Karl_Ehrenberg.jpg/330px-Skirnir_beschw%C3%B6rt_Gerda_ihm_zu_folgen_by_Karl_Ehrenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Skirnir_beschw%C3%B6rt_Gerda_ihm_zu_folgen_by_Karl_Ehrenberg.jpg/440px-Skirnir_beschw%C3%B6rt_Gerda_ihm_zu_folgen_by_Karl_Ehrenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption><i>Skírnir Persuades Gerðr to Follow Him</i> (1882) by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ehrenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ehrenberg (page does not exist)">Karl Ehrenberg</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In chapter 37 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i> book <i><a href="/wiki/Gylfaginning" title="Gylfaginning">Gylfaginning</a></i>, Gerðr is introduced by the enthroned figure of <a href="/wiki/High,_Just-As-High,_and_Third" class="mw-redirect" title="High, Just-As-High, and Third">High</a> as the daughter of Gymir and the mountain jötunn Aurboða, and is described as "the most beautiful of all women". High reports that Freyr went into <a href="/wiki/Hlidskjalf" title="Hlidskjalf">Hlidskjalf</a> and looked over all worlds. When Freyr looked to the north he saw a distant homestead with a large and magnificent building. A woman went to the building, and when she lifted her arms and opened the door to the building "light was shed from her arms over both sky and sea, and <a href="/wiki/Norse_cosmology" title="Norse cosmology">all worlds</a> were made bright by her". In punishment for "his great presumption" in having sat in the holy seat, Freyr went away filled with grief.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES31_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES31-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freyr arrives home and neither sleeps nor drinks, remaining in silence. No one dares speak to him. The god <a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Njörðr">Njörðr</a> sends Freyr's servant <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a> to speak to Freyr. Freyr tells Skírnir that he saw a beautiful woman, so beautiful that he was filled with grief and that he would soon die if he could not have her. Freyr tells Skírnir that he must go gain her hand on his behalf—whether the woman's father agrees or not—and he will be rewarded. Skírnir replies that he accepts the mission but only in exchange for Freyr's sword, which can fight on its own. Freyr gives him the sword and Skírnir sets off. Skírnir asks for the woman's hand for Freyr and receives her promise. Nine nights later she is to meet with Freyr at a location called <a href="/wiki/Barey" class="mw-redirect" title="Barey">Barey</a>. Skírnir delivers the news to Freyr and Freyr responds with the final stanza from the <i>Poetic Edda</i> poem <i>Skírnismál</i>, lamenting that he must wait.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES31-32_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES31-32-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of the <i>Prose Edda</i> book <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1ldskaparm%C3%A1l" title="Skáldskaparmál">Skáldskaparmál</a></i>, eight goddesses are listed as attending a feast held by <a href="/wiki/%C3%86gir" title="Ægir">Ægir</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Hlesey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hlesey">Hlesey</a> (now <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6s%C3%B8" title="Læsø">Læsø</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>), including Gerðr.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES31_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES31-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chapter 19, different ways of referring to the goddess <a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a> are provided. One of these names is "rival of Gerðr";<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES86_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, this is probably a scribal error (see "Theories" section below). In chapter 57, various goddesses are listed, including Gerðr (between <a href="/wiki/Snotra" title="Snotra">Snotra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gefjon" title="Gefjon">Gefjon</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES157_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES157-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heimskringla"><i>Heimskringla</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Heimskringla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In chapter 12 of <i><a href="/wiki/Ynglinga_saga" title="Ynglinga saga">Ynglinga saga</a></i> (as collected in <i><a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a></i>), a <a href="/wiki/Euhemerized" class="mw-redirect" title="Euhemerized">euhemerized</a> prose account relates that Freyr was a much loved king in what is now <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. Freyr's wife was Gerðr and their son was <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lnir" title="Fjölnir">Fjölnir</a>. Gerðr's fate is not provided, but after Freyr's death their son goes on to become king and their family line, the <a href="/wiki/Yngling" title="Yngling">Ynglings</a>, continues.<sup id="cite_ref-HOLLANDER14_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOLLANDER14-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a verse stanza found in chapter 16 of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haralds_saga_Gr%C3%A1feldar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haralds saga Gráfeldar (page does not exist)">Haralds saga Gráfeldar</a></i>, Gerðr is mentioned in a kenning for "woman" ("Gerðr-of-gold-rings").<sup id="cite_ref-HOLLANDER143_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOLLANDER143-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_record">Archaeological record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Archaeological record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldgubb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Goldgubb.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Two figures embrace on a small piece of gold foil dating from the Migration Period to the early the Viking Age.</figcaption></figure> <p>Small pieces of gold foil featuring engravings dating from the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a> into the early <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a> (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Gullgubber" title="Gullgubber">gullgubber</a></i>) have been discovered in various locations in <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, almost 2,500 at one location. The foil pieces have been found largely at sites of buildings, only rarely in graves. The figures are sometimes single, occasionally an animal, sometimes a man and a woman with a leafy bough between them, facing or embracing one another. The human figures are almost always clothed and are sometimes depicted with their knees bent. Scholar <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Ellis_Davidson" title="Hilda Ellis Davidson">Hilda Ellis Davidson</a> says that it has been suggested that the figures are partaking in a dance, and that they may have been connected with weddings, as well as linked to the <a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a> group of gods, representing the notion of a divine marriage, such as in the <i>Poetic Edda</i> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l" title="Skírnismál">Skírnismál</a></i>; the coming together of Gerðr and Freyr.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSON121_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSON121-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories">Theories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Rival_of_Frigg""><span id=".22Rival_of_Frigg.22"></span>"Rival of Frigg"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: "Rival of Frigg""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In chapter 19 of the <i>Prose Edda</i> book <i>Skáldskaparmál</i>, Gerðr is listed among "rivals" of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a>, a list of sexual partners of Frigg's husband, <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES86_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of <i>Gerðr</i>, the jötunn <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Gríðr">Gríðr</a>, mother of Odin's son <a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0arr" title="Víðarr">Víðarr</a> according to the <i>Prose Edda</i>, was probably intended. One manuscript has Gríðr corrected to Gerðr.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andy Orchard notes that it may nonetheless be an intentional inclusion in view of "Odin's notorious appetites".<sup id="cite_ref-ORCHARD54_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORCHARD54-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earth_and_fertility">Earth and fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Earth and fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scholar <a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">John Lindow</a> comments that Gerðr's name has been etymologically associated with the earth and enclosures and that the wedding of Gerðr and Freyr is commonly seen as "the <a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">divine coupling</a> of sky and earth or at least <a href="/wiki/Fertility_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility god">fertility god</a> and representative of the soil." Lindow adds that, at the same time, the situation can be read as simply the gods getting what they want from the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötnar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LINDOW139_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINDOW139-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hilda Ellis Davidson comments that Gerðr's role in <i>Skírnismál</i> has parallels with the goddess <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> from <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, "since it is made clear that if [Gerðr] remains below in the dark kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a> there will be nothing to hope for but sterility and famine. She does not become the bride of the underworld, however; her bridal is to be in the upper world when she consents to meet Freyr at Barri."<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSON86_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSON86-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_influence">Modern influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gerðr has inspired works of art and literature. The Danish poet <a href="/wiki/Adam_Gottlob_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger">Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger</a> wrote a series of poems referencing Gerðr as collected in (1819) <i>Nordens Guder</i>. <a href="/wiki/Esaias_Tegn%C3%A9r" title="Esaias Tegnér">Esaias Tegnér</a>'s (1782–1846) unfinished epic poem <i>Gerda</i> also references the goddess. K. Ehrenberg depicted the goddess in his illustration (1883) <i>Freyr und Gerda, Skade und Niurd</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SIMEK105_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMEK105-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her story was retold in free verse by the Icelandic poet <a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B0ur_Kristn%C3%BD" title="Gerður Kristný">Gerður Kristný</a> in her <i>Blóðhófnir</i>, a feminist retelling of <i>Skírnismál</i> that won the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Literature_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Icelandic Literature Award">Icelandic Literature Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saturn's moon <a href="/wiki/Gerd_(moon)" title="Gerd (moon)">Gerd</a> is named after her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ORCHARD54-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ORCHARD54_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ORCHARD54_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Orchard (1997:54).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THORPE80-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THORPE80_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorpe (1866:80).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BELLOWS110-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BELLOWS110_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bellows (1923:110).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON62-63-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON62-63_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:62—63).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON64-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON64_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:64).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON64AND271-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON64AND271_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:64). Regarding alternate translation of "eleven", see Larrington (1999:271).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON65-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON65_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:65).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON65-66-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON65-66_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:65—66).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON66-67-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON66-67_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:66—67).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THORPE84-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THORPE84_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorpe (1866:84).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BELLOWS119-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BELLOWS119_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bellows (1923:119).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON68-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON68_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:68).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON91-92-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON91-92_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:91—92).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON257-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON257_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:257).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES31-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES31_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES31_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:31).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES31-32-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES31-32_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:31—-32).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES86-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES86_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES86_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:86).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES157-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES157_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:157).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOLLANDER14-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HOLLANDER14_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollander (2007:14).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOLLANDER143-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HOLLANDER143_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollander (2007:143).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAVIDSON121-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSON121_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson (1988:121).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finnur Jónsson (1900:90); he emends the text. In his 1931 diplomatic <a href="/wiki/Arnamagn%C3%A6an_Institute" title="Arnamagnæan Institute">Arnamagnæan</a> edition he notes the same.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LINDOW139-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LINDOW139_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindow (2001:139).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAVIDSON86-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSON86_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson (1999:86).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMEK105-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIMEK105_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simek (2007:105).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Björn Þór Sigbjörnsson, Bergsteinn Sigurðsson, and others, <i>Ísland í aldanna rás, 2001-2010: Saga lands og þjóðar ár frá ári</i> (Reykjavík: JPV, 2012), 390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrockerGeeraert2022" class="citation book cs1">Crocker, Christopher; Geeraert, Dustin, eds. (2022-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv28m3gh8"><i>Cultural Legacies of Old Norse Literature: New Perspectives</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv28m3gh8.16">10.2307/j.ctv28m3gh8.16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80010-609-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80010-609-3"><bdi>978-1-80010-609-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv28m3gh8">j.ctv28m3gh8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Legacies+of+Old+Norse+Literature%3A+New+Perspectives&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv28m3gh8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv28m3gh8.16&rft.isbn=978-1-80010-609-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv28m3gh8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGer%C3%B0r" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ger%C3%B0r&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ger%C3%B0r" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gerðr">Gerðr</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams_Bellows_(businessman)" title="Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)">Bellows, Henry Adams</a> (Trans.) (1923). <i>The Poetic Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_American-Scandinavian_Foundation" title="The American-Scandinavian Foundation">The American-Scandinavian Foundation</a>.</li> <li>Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). <i>Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-460-87616-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-460-87616-3">0-460-87616-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Ellis_Davidson" title="Hilda Ellis Davidson">Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis</a> (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythssymbolsinpa00davi"><i>Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815624387" title="Special:BookSources/9780815624387"><bdi>9780815624387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+and+Symbols+in+Pagan+Europe%3A+Early+Scandinavian+and+Celtic+Religions&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780815624387&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Hilda+Roderick+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythssymbolsinpa00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGer%C3%B0r" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1999" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5uTruKINZCIC"><i>Roles of the Northern Goddess</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-13611-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-13611-3"><bdi>0-415-13611-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roles+of+the+Northern+Goddess&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-415-13611-3&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Hilda+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5uTruKINZCIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGer%C3%B0r" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnur_Jónsson1900" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Finnur_J%C3%B3nsson" title="Finnur Jónsson">Finnur Jónsson</a> (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/snorristurluson00jngoog"><i>Edda Snorra Sturlusonar</i></a> (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gad. <q>Hvernig skal kenna Frigg.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edda+Snorra+Sturlusonar&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Gad&rft.date=1900&rft.au=Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsnorristurluson00jngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGer%C3%B0r" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_M._Hollander" title="Lee M. Hollander">Hollander, Lee Milton</a>. (Trans.) (2007). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHpwje7-wNkC&q=Heimskringla:+History+of+the+Kings+of+Norway">Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-73061-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-73061-8">978-0-292-73061-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarrington1999" class="citation book cs1">Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nBzuQZ4MCPIC"><i>The Poetic Edda</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-283946-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-283946-2"><bdi>0-19-283946-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poetic+Edda&rft.pub=Oxford+World%27s+Classics&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-283946-2&rft.aulast=Larrington&rft.aufirst=Carolyne+%28Trans.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnBzuQZ4MCPIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGer%C3%B0r" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">Lindow, John</a> (2001). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KlT7tv3eMSwC">Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515382-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515382-0">0-19-515382-0</a></li> <li>Orchard, Andy (1997). <i>Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend</i>. <a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Cassell</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-34520-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-34520-2">0-304-34520-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Simek, Rudolf</a> (2007) translated by Angela Hall. <i>Dictionary of Northern Mythology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">D.S. Brewer</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85991-513-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85991-513-1">0-85991-513-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thorpe" title="Benjamin Thorpe">Thorpe, Benjamin</a> (Trans.) (1866) <i>The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson</i>. <a href="/wiki/Norr%C5%93na_Society" title="Norrœna Society">Norrœna Society</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_god_Freyr_in_Germanic_paganism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7e7e7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freyr" title="Template:Freyr"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freyr" title="Template talk:Freyr"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freyr" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freyr"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_god_Freyr_in_Germanic_paganism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The god <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#e7e7e7"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingunar-Freyr" title="Ingunar-Freyr">Ingunar-Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Yngvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfheimr" title="Álfheimr">Álfheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0ugh%C3%B3fi" title="Blóðughófi">Blóðughófi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B3%C3%B0i%27s_Peace" title="Fróði's Peace">Fróði's Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0bla%C3%B0nir" title="Skíðblaðnir">Skíðblaðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Freyr" title="Sword of Freyr">Sword of Freyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Major attestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hrafnkels_saga" title="Hrafnkels saga">Hrafnkels saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96gmundar_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr_dytts" title="Ögmundar þáttr dytts">Ögmundar þáttr dytts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l" title="Skírnismál">Skírnismál</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADga-Gl%C3%BAms_saga" title="Víga-Glúms saga">Víga-Glúms saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lusp%C3%A1" title="Völuspá">Völuspá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ynglinga_Saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynglinga Saga">Ynglinga Saga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Names and associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Freyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Freyr">Names of Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyla" title="Beyla">Beyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byggvir" title="Byggvir">Byggvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lnir" title="Fjölnir">Fjölnir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Cult</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_boar_helmet" title="Germanic boar helmet">Germanic boar helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitstrenging" title="Heitstrenging">Heitstrenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4llinge_statuette" title="Rällinge statuette">Rällinge statuette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonarg%C3%B6ltr" title="Sonargöltr">Sonargöltr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_%C3%B6d" title="Uppsala öd">Uppsala öd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngling" title="Yngling">Yngling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Old_Norse_religion_and_mythology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d6dbbe;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Template:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Template talk:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Old_Norse_religion_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Old Norse religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d6dbbe;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_people,_items_and_places_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of people, items and places in Norse mythology">Mythological Norse people, items and places</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_deities" title="List of Germanic deities">Deities</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">dwarfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötnar</a>,<br />and other figures</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alm%C3%A1ttki_%C3%A1ss" title="Almáttki áss">Almáttki áss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldr" title="Baldr">Baldr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragi" title="Bragi">Bragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dellingr" title="Dellingr">Dellingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forseti" title="Forseti">Forseti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdall" title="Heimdall">Heimdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%B3%C3%B0r" title="Hermóðr">Hermóðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Höðr">Höðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%93nir" title="Hœnir">Hœnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtreksj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Ítreksjóð">Ítreksjóð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3%C3%B0urr" title="Lóðurr">Lóðurr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ni" title="Máni">Máni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meili" title="Meili">Meili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmir" title="Mímir">Mímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0i_and_Magni" title="Móði and Magni">Móði and Magni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93%C3%B0r" title="Óðr">Óðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr" title="Týr">Týr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullr" title="Ullr">Ullr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li" title="Váli">Váli (son of Odin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0arr" title="Víðarr">Víðarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vili_and_V%C3%A9" title="Vili and Vé">Vili and Vé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Ásynjur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir" title="Eir">Eir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulla" title="Fulla">Fulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefjon" title="Gefjon">Gefjon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Gná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%ADn" title="Hlín">Hlín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn">Iðunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmr" title="Ilmr">Ilmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Irpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofn" title="Lofn">Lofn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanna_(Norse_deity)" title="Nanna (Norse deity)">Nanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6run" title="Njörun">Njörun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1n" title="Rán">Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rindr" title="Rindr">Rindr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ga_and_S%C3%B6kkvabekkr" title="Sága and Sökkvabekkr">Sága</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sif" title="Sif">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigyn" title="Sigyn">Sigyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6fn" title="Sjöfn">Sjöfn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska%C3%B0i" title="Skaði">Skaði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snotra" title="Snotra">Snotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_(Germanic_mythology)" title="Sól (Germanic mythology)">Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn_(goddess)" title="Syn (goddess)">Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0r" title="Þrúðr">Þrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1r" title="Vár">Vár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r" title="Vör">Vör</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingunar-Freyr" title="Ingunar-Freyr">Ingunar-Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Yngvi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gersemi" title="Gersemi">Gersemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullveig" title="Gullveig">Gullveig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnoss" title="Hnoss">Hnoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvasir" title="Kvasir">Kvasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Njörðr">Njörðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister-wife_of_Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Sister-wife of Njörðr">Sister-wife of Njörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C3%B6tnar_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of jötnar in Norse mythology">Jötnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86gir" title="Ægir">Ægir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvaldi" title="Alvaldi">Alvaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrbo%C3%B0a" title="Angrboða">Angrboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurbo%C3%B0a" title="Aurboða">Aurboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baugi" title="Baugi">Baugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_(j%C3%B6tunn)" title="Beli (jötunn)">Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergelmir" title="Bergelmir">Bergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestla" title="Bestla">Bestla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6l%C3%BEorn" title="Bölþorn">Bölþorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BDleistr" title="Býleistr">Býleistr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg%C3%BE%C3%A9r" title="Eggþér">Eggþér</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1rbauti" title="Fárbauti">Fárbauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lvar" title="Fjölvar">Fjölvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornj%C3%B3t" title="Fornjót">Fornjót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangr" title="Gangr">Gangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geirr%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Geirröðr">Geirröðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingr" title="Gillingr">Gillingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%A1lp_and_Greip" title="Gjálp and Greip">Gjálp and Greip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Gríðr">Gríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnl%C3%B6%C3%B0" title="Gunnlöð">Gunnlöð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymir_(father_of_Ger%C3%B0r)" title="Gymir (father of Gerðr)">Gymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%B0greipr" title="Harðgreipr">Harðgreipr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helblindi" title="Helblindi">Helblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helreginn" title="Helreginn">Helreginn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hljod" title="Hljod">Hljod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%A6svelgr" title="Hræsvelgr">Hræsvelgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmger%C3%B0r" title="Hrímgerðr">Hrímgerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmgr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímgrímnir">Hrímgrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímnir">Hrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hro%C3%B0r" title="Hroðr">Hroðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrungnir" title="Hrungnir">Hrungnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrymr" title="Hrymr">Hrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymir" title="Hymir">Hymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrrokkin" title="Hyrrokkin">Hyrrokkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0i" title="Iði">Iði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dm" title="Ím">Ím</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnsaxa" title="Járnsaxa">Járnsaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufey_(mythology)" title="Laufey (mythology)">Laufey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leikn" title="Leikn">Leikn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logi_(mythology)" title="Logi (mythology)">Logi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6g%C3%BErasir" title="Mögþrasir">Mögþrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi" title="Narfi">Narfi (father of Nott)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6kkm%C3%ADmir" title="Sökkmímir">Sökkmímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtr" title="Surtr">Surtr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suttungr" title="Suttungr">Suttungr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ejazi" title="Þjazi">Þjazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B6kk" title="Þökk">Þökk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%ADvaldi" title="Þrívaldi">Þrívaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0gelmir" title="Þrúðgelmir">Þrúðgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymr" title="Þrymr">Þrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0a-Loki" title="Útgarða-Loki">Útgarða-Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaf%C3%BEr%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Vafþrúðnir">Vafþrúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0blindi" title="Víðblindi">Víðblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosud" title="Vosud">Vosud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6rnir" title="Vörnir">Vörnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymir" title="Ymir">Ymir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dwarfs_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of dwarfs in Norse mythology">Dwarfs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alv%C3%ADss" title="Alvíss">Alvíss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andvari" title="Andvari">Andvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austri,_Vestri,_Nor%C3%B0ri_and_Su%C3%B0ri" title="Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri">Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billingr" title="Billingr">Billingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1inn_(Norse_dwarf)" title="Dáinn (Norse dwarf)">Dáinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durinn" title="Durinn">Durinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BArnir" title="Dúrnir">Dúrnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvalinn" title="Dvalinn">Dvalinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1fnir" title="Fáfnir">Fáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_and_Galar" title="Fjalar and Galar">Fjalar and Galar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_(mythology)" title="Gandalf (mythology)">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrei%C3%B0marr" title="Hreiðmarr">Hreiðmarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tsognir" title="Mótsognir">Mótsognir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93tr" title="Ótr">Ótr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin" title="Regin">Regin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ivaldi" title="Sons of Ivaldi">Sons of Ivaldi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brokkr" title="Brokkr">Brokkr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitri" title="Eitri">Eitri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Germanic heroic legend">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Lists of figures in Germanic heroic legend">List of figures in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_A" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, A"> A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_B%E2%80%93C" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, B–C"> B–C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_D%E2%80%93E" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, D–E"> D–E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_F%E2%80%93G" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, F–G"> F–G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_H%E2%80%93He" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, H–He"> H–He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_Hi%E2%80%93Hy" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, Hi–Hy"> Hi–Hy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_I%E2%80%93O" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, I–O"> I–O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_P%E2%80%93S" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, P–S"> P–S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_T%E2%80%93Y" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, T–Y"> T–Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people,_clan,_and_place_names_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend">people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_animals_and_plants_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named animals and plants in Germanic heroic legend">named animals and plants </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_weapons,_armour_and_treasures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named weapons, armour and treasures in Germanic heroic legend">named weapons, armour and treasures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ask_and_Embla" title="Ask and Embla">Ask and Embla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0r_(mythology)" title="Auðr (mythology)">Auðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0umbla" title="Auðumbla">Auðumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurvandill" title="Aurvandill">Aurvandill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyla" title="Beyla">Beyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borr" title="Borr">Borr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAri" title="Búri">Búri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byggvir" title="Byggvir">Byggvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADs" title="Dís">Dísir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landd%C3%ADsir" title="Landdísir">Landdísir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_dragon" title="Germanic dragon">Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Draugs">Draugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einherjar" title="Einherjar">Einherjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldir" title="Eldir">Eldir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Dark elves (Dökkálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Light elves (Ljósálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Black elves (Svartálfar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimafeng" title="Fimafeng">Fimafeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_(rooster)" title="Fjalar (rooster)">Fjalar (rooster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenrir" title="Fenrir">Fenrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6rgyn_and_Fj%C3%B6rgynn" title="Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn">Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fylgja" title="Fylgja">Fylgja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmr" title="Garmr">Garmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hati_Hr%C3%B3%C3%B0vitnisson" title="Hati Hróðvitnisson">Hati Hróðvitnisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(mythological_being)" title="Hel (mythological being)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildisv%C3%ADni" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildisvíni">Hildisvíni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Hjúki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_of_the_%C3%86sir" title="Horses of the Æsir">Horses of the Æsir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rvakr_and_Alsvi%C3%B0r" title="Árvakr and Alsviðr">Árvakr and Alsviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0ugh%C3%B3fi" title="Blóðughófi">Blóðughófi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falh%C3%B3fnir" title="Falhófnir">Falhófnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gísl">Gísl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0r" title="Glaðr">Glaðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6r" title="Glær">Glær</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenr" title="Glenr">Glenr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grani" title="Grani">Grani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullfaxi" title="Gullfaxi">Gullfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulltoppr" title="Gulltoppr">Gulltoppr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyllir" title="Gyllir">Gyllir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamskerpir_and_Gar%C3%B0rofa" title="Hamskerpir and Garðrofa">Hamskerpir and Garðrofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Hófvarpnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinfaxi_and_Hr%C3%ADmfaxi" title="Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi">Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir" title="Sleipnir">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sva%C3%B0ilfari" title="Svaðilfari">Svaðilfari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Jörð">Jörð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rmungandr" title="Jörmungandr">Jörmungandr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf_and_L%C3%ADfthrasir" class="mw-redirect" title="Líf and Lífthrasir">Líf and Lífthrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loddf%C3%A1fnir" title="Loddfáfnir">Loddfáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0gu%C3%B0r" title="Móðguðr">Móðguðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Daughters_of_%C3%86gir_and_R%C3%A1n" title="Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán">Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mothers_of_Heimdallr" title="Nine Mothers of Heimdallr">Nine Mothers of Heimdallr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi_(son_of_Loki)" title="Narfi (son of Loki)">Narfi (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr">Níðhöggr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norns" title="Norns">Norns</a></li> <li>Personifications <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagr" title="Dagr">Dagr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elli" title="Elli">Elli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3tt" title="Nótt">Nótt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumarr_and_Vetr" title="Sumarr and Vetr">Sumarr and Vetr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Sæhrímnir">Sæhrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B6ll" title="Sköll">Sköll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield-maiden" title="Shield-maiden">Shield-maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanngrisnir_and_Tanngnj%C3%B3str" title="Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr">Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%A1lfi_and_R%C3%B6skva" title="Þjálfi and Röskva">Þjálfi and Röskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ttir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vættir">Vættir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landv%C3%A6ttir" title="Landvættir">Landvættir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li_(son_of_Loki)" title="Váli (son of Loki)">Váli (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_the_Smith" title="Wayland the Smith">Völundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Vörðr">Vörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Locations_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Locations in Norse mythology">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Underworld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(location)" title="Hel (location)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lj%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Éljúðnir">Éljúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjallarbr%C3%BA" title="Gjallarbrú">Gjallarbrú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1str%C3%B6nd" title="Náströnd">Náströnd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflhel" title="Niflhel">Niflhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0afj%C3%B6ll" title="Niðafjöll">Niðafjöll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liv%C3%A1gar" title="Élivágar">Élivágar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B6ll" title="Gjöll">Gjöll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dfingr" title="Ífingr">Ífingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerlaugar" title="Kerlaugar">Kerlaugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6rmt_and_%C3%96rmt" title="Körmt and Örmt">Körmt and Örmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slidr_River" title="Slidr River">Slidr River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadgelmir" title="Vadgelmir">Vadgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimur_River" title="Vimur River">Vimur River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asgard" title="Asgard">Asgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsvartnir" title="Amsvartnir">Amsvartnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andlang" title="Andlang">Andlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifr%C3%B6st" title="Bifröst">Bifröst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilskirnir" title="Bilskirnir">Bilskirnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1vellir" title="Brávellir">Brávellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimir" title="Brimir">Brimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir">Fensalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr" title="Fólkvangr">Fólkvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signhildsberg" title="Signhildsberg">Fornsigtuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyrisvellir" title="Fyrisvellir">Fyrisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lgvi%C3%B0r" title="Gálgviðr">Gálgviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandvik" title="Gandvik">Gandvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastropnir" title="Gastropnir">Gastropnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giml%C3%A9" title="Gimlé">Gimlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnungagap" title="Ginnungagap">Ginnungagap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0sheimr" title="Glaðsheimr">Glaðsheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6sisvellir" title="Glæsisvellir">Glæsisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitnir" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitnir">Glitnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnipahellir" title="Gnipahellir">Gnipahellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_of_fetters" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove of fetters">Grove of fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0r" title="Heiðr">Heiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himinbj%C3%B6rg" title="Himinbjörg">Himinbjörg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindarfjall" title="Hindarfjall">Hindarfjall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlidskjalf" title="Hlidskjalf">Hlidskjalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnitbjorg" title="Hnitbjorg">Hnitbjorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddm%C3%ADmis_holt" title="Hoddmímis holt">Hoddmímis holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0av%C3%B6llr" title="Iðavöllr">Iðavöllr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnvi%C3%B0r" title="Járnviðr">Járnviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheimr" title="Jötunheimr">Jötunheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmamei%C3%B0r" title="Mímameiðr">Mímameiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrkvi%C3%B0r" title="Myrkviðr">Myrkviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munarv%C3%A1gr" title="Munarvágr">Munarvágr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3at%C3%BAn_(mythology)" title="Nóatún (mythology)">Nóatún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolnir" title="Okolnir">Okolnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessr%C3%BAmnir" title="Sessrúmnir">Sessrúmnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindri_(mythology)" title="Sindri (mythology)">Sindri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singasteinn" title="Singasteinn">Singasteinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0heimr" title="Þrúðheimr">Þrúðheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0vangr" title="Þrúðvangr">Þrúðvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymheimr" title="Þrymheimr">Þrymheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamla_Uppsala" title="Gamla Uppsala">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0ar" title="Útgarðar">Útgarðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaskj%C3%A1lf" title="Valaskjálf">Valaskjálf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaheimr" title="Vanaheimr">Vanaheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0bl%C3%A1inn" title="Víðbláinn">Víðbláinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADgr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Vígríðr">Vígríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ving%C3%B3lf" title="Vingólf">Vingólf</a></li> <li>Wells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hvergelmir" title="Hvergelmir">Hvergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmisbrunnr" title="Mímisbrunnr">Mímisbrunnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%B0arbrunnr" title="Urðarbrunnr">Urðarbrunnr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ddalir" title="Ýdalir">Ýdalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Events in Norse mythology">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir%E2%80%93Vanir_War" title="Æsir–Vanir War">Æsir–Vanir War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulvetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B3%C3%B0i%27s_Peace" title="Fróði's Peace">Fróði's Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hja%C3%B0ningav%C3%ADg" title="Hjaðningavíg">Hjaðningavíg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edda" title="Edda">Edda</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Sagas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3msv%C3%ADkinga_saga" title="Jómsvíkinga saga">Jómsvíkinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_saga" title="Legendary saga">Legendary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrfing_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrfing Cycle">Tyrfing Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lsung_Cycle" title="Völsung Cycle">Völsung Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Norse mythology in popular culture">Later influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Religious practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic_wooden_cult_figurines_of_Central_and_Northern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe">Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_hof" title="Heathen hof">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitstrenging" title="Heitstrenging">Heitstrenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Horses in Germanic paganism">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rgr" title="Hörgr">Hörgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_rituals" title="Norse rituals">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96ndvegiss%C3%BAlur" title="Öndvegissúlur">Öndvegissúlur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginnaglar" title="Reginnaglar">Reginnaglar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_and_groves_in_Germanic_paganism_and_mythology" title="Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology">Sacred trees and groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonarg%C3%B6ltr" title="Sonargöltr">Sonargöltr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vé">Vé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_and_islands_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Wetlands and islands in Germanic paganism">Wetlands and islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Festivals and holy periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfabl%C3%B3t" title="Álfablót">Álfablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADsabl%C3%B3t" title="Dísablót">Dísablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorrabl%C3%B3t" title="Þorrablót">Þorrablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetrn%C3%A6tr" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetrnætr">Vetrnætr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Norse_paganism" title="Death in Norse paganism">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergi" title="Ergi">Ergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lag" title="Félag">Félag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galdr" title="Galdr">Galdr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothi" title="Gothi">Goði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamingja" title="Hamingja">Hamingja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiti" title="Heiti">Heiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead_hall" title="Mead hall">Mead hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%AB%C3%BE" title="Nīþ">Nīþ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_cosmology" title="Norse cosmology">Norse cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Norse_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Numbers in Norse mythology">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_philosophy" title="Old Norse philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic cultures">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">Skald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lva" class="mw-redirect" title="Völva">Völva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry (new religious movement)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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