CINXE.COM
René Bousquet - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>René Bousquet - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e8ea60f1-c610-493d-a016-5107fcbe4320","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"René_Bousquet","wgTitle":"René Bousquet","wgCurRevisionId":1244893234,"wgRevisionId":1244893234,"wgArticleId":9597848,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing French-language text","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from January 2023","Biography with signature","Articles with hCards","Pages with French IPA","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","1909 births","1993 deaths","People from Montauban","Prefects of Marne (department)","People of Vichy France","French police chiefs", "French police officers convicted of crimes","French bankers","French fascists","French mass murderers","French war criminals","Antisemitism in France","University of Toulouse alumni","Holocaust perpetrators in France","Order of the Francisque recipients","Knights of the Legion of Honour","People convicted of indignité nationale","French politicians convicted of crimes","People murdered in Paris","Assassinated French politicians","Assassinated Nazis","Assassinated police officers","1990s murders in Paris","1993 murders in France"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"René_Bousquet","wgRelevantArticleId":9597848,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q665228","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg/1200px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1363"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg/800px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="909"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg/640px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="727"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="René Bousquet - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-René_Bousquet rootpage-René_Bousquet skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ren%C3%A9+Bousquet" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ren%C3%A9+Bousquet" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ren%C3%A9+Bousquet" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ren%C3%A9+Bousquet" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewal_of_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewal_of_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Renewal of political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewal_of_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial_and_murder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial_and_murder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Trial and murder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial_and_murder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">René Bousquet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="René Bousquet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="René Bousquet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="René Bousquet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="René Bousquet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="René Bousquet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="René Bousquet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="René Bousquet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="René Bousquet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%94" title="רנה בוסקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רנה בוסקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="René Bousquet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="René Bousquet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1" title="ルネ・ブスケ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルネ・ブスケ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Рене Буске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рене Буске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="René Bousquet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="René Bousquet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%87%AF" title="雷内·布斯凯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雷内·布斯凯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q665228#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&oldid=1244893234" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&id=1244893234&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRen%25C3%25A9_Bousquet"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRen%25C3%25A9_Bousquet"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q665228" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French police chief (1909–1993)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">René Bousquet</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg/220px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg/330px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg/440px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1431" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bousquet in 1943</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1909-05-11</span>)</span>11 May 1909<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 June 1993<span style="display:none">(1993-06-08)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement of Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris, France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination by gunshot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toulouse" title="University of Toulouse">University of Toulouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Civil servant</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_de_Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_-_Archives_nationales_(France).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Signature_de_Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png/150px-Signature_de_Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Signature_de_Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png/225px-Signature_de_Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Signature_de_Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png/300px-Signature_de_Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_-_Archives_nationales_%28France%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1831" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>René Bousquet</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁəne<span class="wrap"> </span>buskɛ]</a></span>; 11 May 1909 – 8 June 1993) was a high-ranking French political appointee who served as secretary general to the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy French">Vichy French</a> police from May 1942 to 31 December 1943. For personal heroism, he had become a protégé of prominent officials before the war and had risen rapidly in the government. </p><p>In 1949, Bousquet was automatically convicted as a Vichy official and sentenced to five years of <i><a href="/wiki/Indignit%C3%A9_nationale" title="Indignité nationale">indignité nationale</a></i>, but his sentence was reduced due to beliefs that he also aided the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> and attempted to preserve some autonomy for French police during the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">German occupation</a>. Excluded from the government, he went into business. After receiving amnesty in 1959, Bousquet became active again in politics by supporting left-wing politicians through the 1970s and becoming a regular visitor in the 1980s of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> after his election as president. </p><p>In 1989, after years of increasing accusations about his activities during the war, Bousquet was accused by three groups of <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>. He was ultimately indicted by the <a href="/wiki/French_Ministry_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="French Ministry of Justice">French Ministry of Justice</a> in 1991 for his decisions during the <a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel' d'Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv Roundup</a> in 1942, which led to Jewish children being deported and killed in German <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Extermination camps">extermination camps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. Bousquet was assassinated in 1993 by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Didier" title="Christian Didier">Christian Didier</a> shortly before his trial was to begin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>René Bousquet was born to a radical <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> notary in <a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>. After his law studies, he began his career as chief of the cabinet of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet" class="mw-redirect" title="Préfet">préfet</a></i></span> for <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>. </p><p>In March 1930, he and a friend, the latter dying during the episode, became national heroes after they had personally saved dozens of people from drowning during floods in southwestern France.<sup id="cite_ref-RBselonEC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBselonEC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Médaille d'or des belles actions</i></span> ("Golden medal for fine deeds"). Maurice Sarraut, the Radical Socialist senator and CEO of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9p%C3%AAche_du_Midi" title="La Dépêche du Midi">La Dépêche du Midi</a></i></span>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Albert Sarraut</a>, deputy, president of the Council and minister, took on Bousquet as their <i>protégé</i>. Bousquet was detached to the Presidency of the Council to head the technical service in charge of the reconstruction of the flooded southern regions. He had a rapid rise within the government and gained increasingly-responsible appointments. </p><p>At the age of 22, he became second of the cabinet of Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cathala" title="Pierre Cathala">Pierre Cathala</a>. In 1933, Bousquet was promoted to <i>sous-préfet</i>, and in 1935, he was appointed as general director of the national cabinet of the Minister for Agriculture. The next year, Bousquet was given responsibility for the central files of the National Security. </p><p>In April 1938, Interior Minister Sarraut named Bousquet <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sous-préfet</i></span> for <a href="/wiki/Vitry-le-Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vitry-le-François">Vitry-le-François</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>). In 1939, he became general secretary of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">préfecture</i></span> for <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-sur-Marne</a> (now Châlons-en-Champagne). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0619-506,_Paris,_J%C3%BCdische_Frauen_mit_Stern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0619-506%2C_Paris%2C_J%C3%BCdische_Frauen_mit_Stern.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0619-506%2C_Paris%2C_J%C3%BCdische_Frauen_mit_Stern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0619-506%2C_Paris%2C_J%C3%BCdische_Frauen_mit_Stern.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0619-506%2C_Paris%2C_J%C3%BCdische_Frauen_mit_Stern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0619-506%2C_Paris%2C_J%C3%BCdische_Frauen_mit_Stern.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0619-506%2C_Paris%2C_J%C3%BCdische_Frauen_mit_Stern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Two Jewish women in occupied Paris wearing the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow Star of David badge</a> in June 1942, a few weeks before the mass arrest</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1940, Bousquet was appointed as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">préfet</i></span> after the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_France_(Second_Compi%C3%A8gne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with France (Second Compiègne)">Armistice with Germany</a>. </p><p>In September 1941, he was appointed as the youngest regional <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">préfet</i></span>. Because of his Radical Socialist background, he was frequently attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborationist</a> newspaper <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></i></span>. He helped some prisoners-of-war to escape and worked to lighten the economic toll of the Nazi occupation on the Marne department. </p><p>In 1942, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a> offered him the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(France)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (France)">Ministry of Agriculture</a>, which Bousquet twice refused. </p><p>In April 1942, as the <i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i> (SS) was taking over security duties in the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupied Zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> appointed Bousquet general secretary to the police. Bousquet was given permanent credentials to sign on behalf of the head of state. On 6 May or 7 May 1942, Bousquet sought and obtained consent from the SS to transfer another 5000 Jews from <a href="/wiki/Drancy_internment_camp" title="Drancy internment camp">Drancy internment camp</a> to the concentration camps in the East.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Higher_SS_and_Police_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher SS and Police Leader">Higher SS and Police Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Oberg" title="Carl Oberg">Carl Oberg</a> was in charge of the German police in France. Bousquet worked with him and obtained some autonomy for the French police by promising to collaborate with the Germans. Bousquet concentrated all police services under his personal authority and suppressed the branch led by <a href="/wiki/Darquier_de_Pellepoix" class="mw-redirect" title="Darquier de Pellepoix">Darquier de Pellepoix</a>, general commissary of Jewish affairs. </p><p>Bousquet negotiated the "Oberg-Bousquet" deal, which was presented to all regional <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">préfets</i></span> on 8 August 1942. It formally recognised the autonomy of the French police and <i><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></i> and said that the French police would not be compelled to provide hostages or to hand their prisoners over to German services. However, three days later, the Germans demanded the French provide 70 hostages in retaliation for the murder of eight Germans. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png/220px-WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png/330px-WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png/440px-WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>The deportation route from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 2 July 1942, Bousquet and Oberg prepared the arrests known as the <a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel' d'Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv Roundup</a> (<i>Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv</i>), which rounded up foreign and stateless Jews for deportation. Bousquet personally cancelled orders protecting some categories of people from arrests, notably children under 18 and parents with children under 5. After the arrests, some Catholic bishops and cardinals protested, and Bousquet threatened to cancel tax privileges for Catholic schools. </p><p>Under the pretext of not separating families, Prime Minister Pierre Laval ordered that Jewish children under 16 be included in deportation convoys, which exceeded the Nazis' requirements. Bousquet obliged and expanded the deportation to parents and their children under 2. In the event, children were separated from their parents and deported in different groups. Nonetheless, some scholarly sources insist that the Vichy government was unaware of the purpose of the deportation and believed that the Jews were being taken to provide a labour force in the East.<sup id="cite_ref-Cesarani2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cesarani2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-027-1475-38,_Marseille,_deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische_Besprechung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-027-1475-38%2C_Marseille%2C_deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische_Besprechung.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-027-1475-38%2C_Marseille%2C_deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische_Besprechung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-027-1475-38%2C_Marseille%2C_deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische_Besprechung.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-027-1475-38%2C_Marseille%2C_deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische_Besprechung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-027-1475-38%2C_Marseille%2C_deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische_Besprechung.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-027-1475-38%2C_Marseille%2C_deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische_Besprechung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>René Bousquet, in fur-trimmed coat, posing with Nazi German officials in 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1943, Bousquet aided Oberg in the organization and execution of a massive raid in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Round_up_of_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Round up of Marseille">Round up of Marseille</a>. The French police assisted the German police in expelling 30,000 people from the city's <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Marseille" title="Old Port of Marseille">Old Port</a>. They later destroyed the neighbourhood, which the German police considered a "terrorist nest" because of its many narrow and winding streets. Bousquet offered his services for that operation. As the French police controlled the identity documents of 40,000 people, their assistance allowed the operation to send 2,000 Jews living in the city to concentration camps. </p><p>That occasion was supervised by Oberg, who had come from Paris. He gave Bousquet orders that had been directly received from <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>. It is a notable case of the French police willingly collaborating with the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1943, Bousquet met with Himmler, who declared himself "impressed by Bousquet's personality" and mentioned him as a "precious collaborator in the framework of police collaboration".<sup id="cite_ref-Seibel2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seibel2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bousquet was then also an advisor to Pierre Laval, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Jardin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Jardin (page does not exist)">Jean Jardin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Jardin" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Jardin">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rochat" title="Charles Rochat">Charles Rochat</a>. Bousquet was controversial and became resented by his fellow collaborationists and competitors for power, such as Justice Minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barth%C3%A9l%C3%A9my" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Barthélémy">Joseph Barthélémy</a>. </p><p>On 2 December 1943, men of the <a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a>, the French collaborationist paramilitary organisation, assassinated <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sarraut" title="Maurice Sarraut">Maurice Sarraut</a>. Bousquet was set to arrest those responsible, and the Milice asked Berlin to have Bousquet removed. After ordering releases and destroying his archives, Bousquet resigned on 31 December 1943 and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Joseph Darnand</a>, the head of the Milice. </p><p>Put in the reserve of the civil corps, Bousquet was under surveillance for nearly two weeks in a villa in <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>. He then drove to Germany in a car that had been lent by Oberg. </p><p>In early 1944, the collaborationist press, including <i>Je suis partout</i>, attacked Bousquet and accused him of having served in the Vichy administration only to favour the Resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His cabinet director,(and fellow Vichy collaborationist) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Paul Martin (page does not exist)">Jean-Paul Martin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Martin" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Paul Martin">fr</a>]</span>,[b.Dec 31,1913-Dec 12,1986] was reported to have also helped some Resistance networks. </p><p>Bousquet was in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> during the <a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">German surrender</a>. He returned to France with the status of a "deported person". He met with Laval to help the latter prepare for his trial. Convicted of collaboration, Laval was sentenced to death. Bousquet spent part of the night with Laval before the execution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial">Trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1948cr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1948cr.jpg/220px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1948cr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1948cr.jpg/330px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1948cr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1948cr.jpg/440px-Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1948cr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>Bousquet at his trial in June 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1949, Bousquet was the last Frenchman to be tried by the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Haute Cour de Justice</i></span>, which had been created on 18 November 1944. He was acquitted of the charge of "compromising the interests of the national defence" but was automatically declared guilty of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Indignit%C3%A9_nationale" title="Indignité nationale">indignité nationale</a></i></span> for his involvement in the Vichy government. He was given the minimum sentence of five years on <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9gradation_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dégradation nationale">dégradation nationale</a></i>, a measure that was immediately lifted for "having actively and sustainably participated in the Resistance against the occupier".<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with other Vichy officials, Bousquet was excluded from the French public service. He made a career at the <i><a href="/wiki/Banque_de_l%27Indochine" title="Banque de l'Indochine">Banque de l'Indochine</a></i> and in newspapers. He met <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> through Jean-Paul Martin, Bousquet's former collaborator in Vichy. Martin was then minister of oversea territories and the director of Mitterrand's cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1957, the <i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Conseil d'État</a></i> returned Bousquet's <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a>. He was granted amnesty on 17 January 1958. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renewal_of_political_career">Renewal of political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Renewal of political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the legislative elections of 1958, Bousquet ran as a candidate for the 3rd circonscription of the Marne. He was supported by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Socialist_Union_of_the_Resistance" title="Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance">Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance</a>; his second was Hector Bouilly, a radical-socialist general councillor. Bousquet earned less than 10% of the votes. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baylet" title="Jean Baylet">Jean Baylet</a>'s death in 1959, Bousquet was appointed to the Council of administration of the newspaper <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9p%C3%AAche_du_Midi" title="La Dépêche du Midi">La Dépêche du Midi</a></i></span>. He supported Mitterrand's candidacy in 1965 and observed an anti-Gaullist editorial line. After Bousquet quit in 1971, the tone of the newspaper softened. </p><p>In 1974, Bousquet supported and helped finance Mitterrand in the <a href="/wiki/1974_French_presidential_election" title="1974 French presidential election">presidential election</a> against <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bousquet was acquainted with numerous other political and cultural figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Antoine Pinay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornut-Gentille" title="Bernard Cornut-Gentille">Bernard Cornut-Gentille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Jacques Chaban-Delmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Edgar Faure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Faure" title="Maurice Faure">Maurice Faure</a>. He was part of the administration council of <a href="/wiki/Union_des_Transports_A%C3%A9riens" class="mw-redirect" title="Union des Transports Aériens">Union des Transports Aériens</a>. </p><p>After Mitterrand's election in the <a href="/wiki/1981_French_presidential_election" title="1981 French presidential election">1981 presidential election</a>, Bousquet occasionally met him at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Élysée">Élysée</a> to "talk about politics". In 1986, Mitterrand distanced himself from Bousquet when opposition groups accused Bousquet of crimes against humanity during World War II. Mitterrand said he had ended the relationship after Bousquet was charged with crimes against humanity for organising mass deportations of Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parquet_(legal)" title="Parquet (legal)">parquet général de Paris</a> closed Bousquet's case by sending it to a court that no longer existed, which stirred outrage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial_and_murder">Trial and murder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trial and murder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klarsfelds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Klarsfelds.jpg/220px-Klarsfelds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Klarsfelds.jpg/330px-Klarsfelds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Klarsfelds.jpg/440px-Klarsfelds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Serge and Beate Klarsfeld visiting <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Serge_Klarsfeld" title="Serge Klarsfeld">Serge Klarsfeld</a> and his <i>Association des fils et filles des déportés juifs de France</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sons_and_daughters_of_Jewish_Deportees_from_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons and daughters of Jewish Deportees from France">Sons and daughters of Jewish Deportees from France</a>), the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">National Federation of deportees and internees, Resistants and Patriots</i></span> and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ligue_des_droits_de_l%27homme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligue des droits de l'homme">Ligue des droits de l'homme</a></i></span> filed a complaint against Bousquet for <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> for the deportation of 194 children from six departments of southern France. After eight years of investigation and numerous delay tactics, Bousquet was indicted by the national government in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1992, Bousquet wrote a 60 page letter in his defence to the Paris Court of Appeals that made a number of false claims that have been refuted by historians.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1995, only four senior French Vichy officials had been indicted for war crimes, and, only <a href="/wiki/Paul_Touvier" title="Paul Touvier">Paul Touvier</a> had yet stood trial.<sup id="cite_ref-Dejevsky_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dejevsky-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former Vichy official <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Papon" title="Maurice Papon">Maurice Papon</a> was convicted of war crimes in 1998. </p><p>On 8 June 1993, a few weeks before his trial was scheduled to open, Bousquet was shot dead at his apartment at 34 Avenue Raphaël in Paris by the 49-year-old <a href="/wiki/Christian_Didier" title="Christian Didier">Christian Didier</a>, who was accused of murder and pleaded not guilty, as he claimed the killing was justified by Bousquet's wartime crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dejevsky_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dejevsky-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a history of pursuing former Vichy officials, Didier held a press conference to announce his killing of a "monster". He was defended by <a href="/wiki/Thierry_L%C3%A9vy" title="Thierry Lévy">Thierry Lévy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dejevsky_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dejevsky-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Didier was ruled sane although the court heard testimony about his mental problems and was convicted and sentenced to ten years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Had the trial against Bousquet proceeded, it would have been the first against a French citizen for crimes against humanity, and it would also have served as a "trial of the Vichy regime", according to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Round_up_of_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Round up of Marseille">Round up of Marseille</a> (22–24 January 1943)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RBselonEC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RBselonEC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEric_Conan1990" class="citation web cs1">Eric Conan (28 September 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/la-vraie-vie-de-rene-bousquet_492437.html">"La vraie vie de René Bousquet"</a>. Groupe L'Express<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+vraie+vie+de+Ren%C3%A9+Bousquet&rft.pub=Groupe+L%27Express&rft.date=1990-09-28&rft.au=Eric+Conan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Fla-vraie-vie-de-rene-bousquet_492437.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evans2009_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Evans2009" class="citation book cs1">Richard J. Evans (19 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WjoiVWGQ9HYC&dq=rene+bousquet+Heydrich+and+Himmler&pg=PT407"><i>The Third Reich at War: 1939–1945</i></a>. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-02230-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-02230-6"><bdi>978-1-101-02230-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+at+War%3A+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009-03-19&rft.isbn=978-1-101-02230-6&rft.au=Richard+J.+Evans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWjoiVWGQ9HYC%26dq%3Drene%2Bbousquet%2BHeydrich%2Band%2BHimmler%26pg%3DPT407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cesarani2002-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cesarani2002_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Cesarani2002" class="citation book cs1">David Cesarani (11 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1LeGAgAAQBAJ&dq=rene+bousquet+Heydrich+and+Himmler&pg=PA198"><i>The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation</i></a>. Routledge. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-74421-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-74421-3"><bdi>978-1-134-74421-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Final+Solution%3A+Origins+and+Implementation&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.isbn=978-1-134-74421-3&rft.au=David+Cesarani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1LeGAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Drene%2Bbousquet%2BHeydrich%2Band%2BHimmler%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rajsfus" title="Maurice Rajsfus">Maurice Rajsfus</a>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Police de Vichy. Les Forces de l'ordre françaises au service de la Gestapo, 1940/1944</i></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Cherche_Midi_%C3%A9diteur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Cherche Midi éditeur (page does not exist)">Le Cherche Midi éditeur</a>, 1995. Chapter XIV, "<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">La Bataille de Marseille</span></span>", pp. 209–217 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seibel2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seibel2016_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfgang_Seibel2016" class="citation book cs1">Wolfgang Seibel (30 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ErelDAAAQBAJ&dq=Himmler+impressed+by+Bousquet's+personality&pg=PA225"><i>Persecution and Rescue: The Politics of the "Final Solution" in France, 1940–1944</i></a>. University of Michigan Press. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11860-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11860-1"><bdi>978-0-472-11860-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persecution+and+Rescue%3A+The+Politics+of+the+%22Final+Solution%22+in+France%2C+1940%E2%80%931944&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2016-06-30&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11860-1&rft.au=Wolfgang+Seibel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DErelDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHimmler%2Bimpressed%2Bby%2BBousquet%27s%2Bpersonality%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mr Bousquet, ex-general secretary for the Police, is at Fresnes. It had to be so. Of course, it had to be so. But it should have begun by being so. But... Mr Bousquet (from the Sarraut gang) was the protégé of hard-line republicans and in spite of being the main responsible for the Maquis, he resigned his functions under congratulations of the utmost indecency" – <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">« M. Bousquet, qui fut secrétaire général pour la Police est à Fresnes. Cela devait finir ainsi. Bien sûr, cela devait finir ainsi. Mais cela eût dû commencer ainsi. Seulement voilà... M. Bousquet (du gang Sarraut) était le protégé des républicains musclés et bien qu'il fût le principal responsable du maquis, il abandonna ses fonctions avec des félicitations de la plus parfaite indécence. », <a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></i></span>, 21 April 1944</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent.co.uk-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-rene-bousquet-1490548.html">"Obituary: Rene Bousquet"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 9 June 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Rene+Bousquet&rft.date=1993-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-rene-bousquet-1490548.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin had rendered important services to the French Resistance, notably by saving Mitterrand from arrest by the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> at the end of 1943. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Jean_Leguay" title="Jean Leguay">Jean Leguay</a> and Bousquet, Martin was never accused by the French authorities or by families of deported people. (<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Franz-Olivier Giesbert, <i>François Mitterrand, une vie</i>, éd. du Seuil, « Points »</span></span>, pp. 160–161)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitterrand later said that Bousquet had financed all of the most prominent left-wing politicians from the 1950s to the 1970s, including <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Pierre Mendès France</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons1995" class="citation web cs1">Simons, Marlise (17 July 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/17/world/chirac-affirms-france-s-guilt-in-fate-of-jews.html">"Chirac Affirms France's Guilt in Fate of Jews"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chirac+Affirms+France%27s+Guilt+in+Fate+of+Jews&rft.date=1995-07-17&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Marlise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F07%2F17%2Fworld%2Fchirac-affirms-france-s-guilt-in-fate-of-jews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curtis2015_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Curtis2015" class="citation book cs1">Michael Curtis (27 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BW1fBgAAQBAJ&dq=vichy+france+bousquet+trial&pg=PT407"><i>Verdict on Vichy: Power and Prejudice in the Vichy France Regime</i></a>. Arcade Publishing. p. 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62872-481-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62872-481-3"><bdi>978-1-62872-481-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verdict+on+Vichy%3A+Power+and+Prejudice+in+the+Vichy+France+Regime&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=2015-01-27&rft.isbn=978-1-62872-481-3&rft.au=Michael+Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBW1fBgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dvichy%2Bfrance%2Bbousquet%2Btrial%26pg%3DPT407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolsan1996" class="citation book cs1">Golsan, Richard Joseph, ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoryholocaustf0000unse"><i>Memory, the Holocaust, and French justice : the Bousquet and Touvier affairs</i></a>. Hanover: Dartmouth College. pp. 53–109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874517330" title="Special:BookSources/9780874517330"><bdi>9780874517330</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32922667">32922667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memory%2C+the+Holocaust%2C+and+French+justice+%3A+the+Bousquet+and+Touvier+affairs&rft.place=Hanover&rft.pages=53-109&rft.pub=Dartmouth+College&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32922667&rft.isbn=9780874517330&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoryholocaustf0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dejevsky-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dejevsky_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dejevsky_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dejevsky_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Dejevsky1995" class="citation news cs1">Mary Dejevsky (7 November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/killers-tale-stirs-ghosts-of-vichy-1580759.html">"Killer's tale stirs ghosts of Vichy"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Killer%27s+tale+stirs+ghosts+of+Vichy&rft.date=1995-11-07&rft.au=Mary+Dejevsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fkillers-tale-stirs-ghosts-of-vichy-1580759.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARen%C3%A9+Bousquet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130319062618/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-11-14/news/9511140320_1_christian-didier-nazis-rene-bousquet">Gary Borg, "Writer Sentenced In Vichy Slaying"</a>, <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, 14 November 1995. Retrieved 28 May 2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Celinscak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Celinscak (page does not exist)">Mark Celinscak</a>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">"René Bousquet"</i></span> in <i>Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia</i>. Edited by A. Mikaberidze (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2013), pp. 72–73.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascale_Froment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascale Froment (page does not exist)">Pascale Froment</a>, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">René Bousquet</i></span></i>, Fayard, 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kitson" title="Simon Kitson">Simon Kitson</a>, 'The Marseille Police in their context from Popular Front to Liberation', <i>D Phil thesis</i>, University of Sussex, 1995</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Lagarrigue" class="extiw" title="fr:Max Lagarrigue">Max Lagarrigue</a>, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">99 questions sur...les Français pendant l'Occupation</i></span></i>, Montpellier, CNDP, 2006. see also <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ir%C3%A9n%C3%A9e_Bonnafous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irénée Bonnafous (page does not exist)">Irénée Bonnafous</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkheia-revue.org">Revue Arkheia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:René Bousquet">René Bousquet</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/info/france/dossier/occupation/dossier.asp?ida=420542"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La vraie vie de René Bousquet</i></span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930220421/http://www.lexpress.fr/info/france/dossier/occupation/dossier.asp?ida=420542">Archived</a> 30 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%27Express_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Express (France)">L'Express</a>, 28 September 1990)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://golox.chez.tiscali.fr/html/bousquet.htm"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Une biographie détaillée</i></span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050926213012/http://golox.chez.tiscali.fr/html/bousquet.htm">Archived</a> 26 September 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeanbonhomme.com/archives/depeche.pdf">PDF</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Une histoire détaillée de La Dépêche et de René Bousquet écrite par Jean Bonhomme, ancien vice-président de l'Assemblée Nationale</i></span></li> <li>Dissertation by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kitson" title="Simon Kitson">Simon Kitson</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter8/interviews/filetodownload,27676,en.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520113939/http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter8/interviews/filetodownload,27676,en.pdf">Archived</a> 20 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vichy_France" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vichy_France" title="Template:Vichy France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vichy_France" title="Template talk:Vichy France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vichy_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vichy France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vichy_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>World War II collaboration in:</i> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Wartime collaboration in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulangism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Fall of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">History of the Jews in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_231_of_the_Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles">Article 231</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_guilt_question" title="War guilt question">War guilt question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dorg%C3%A8res" title="Henry Dorgères">Henry Dorgères</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Beginnings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_22_June_1940" title="Armistice of 22 June 1940">Armistice of 22 June 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitutional_Law_of_1940" title="French Constitutional Law of 1940">French Constitutional Law of 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighty_(Vichy_France)" title="The Eighty (Vichy France)">The Eighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_du_Parc" title="Hôtel du Parc">Hôtel du Parc</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zone_libre" title="Zone libre">Zone libre</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Antignac" title="Joseph Antignac">Joseph Antignac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Bergeret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Bergeret (page does not exist)">Jean-Marie Bergeret</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bergeret_(militaire)" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Bergeret (militaire)">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">René Bousquet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Bourgain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Bourgain (page does not exist)">Louis Bourgain</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bourgain" class="extiw" title="fr:Louis Bourgain">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Broc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Broc (page does not exist)">André Broc</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Broc" class="extiw" title="fr:André Broc">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Charpentier_(lawyer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Charpentier (lawyer) (page does not exist)">Jacques Charpentier</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Charpentier_(avocat)" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Charpentier (avocat)">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Henry Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Cousteau" title="Pierre-Antoine Cousteau">Pierre-Antoine Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Darquier_de_Pellepoix" title="Louis Darquier de Pellepoix">Louis Darquier de Pellepoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_du_Paty_de_Clam" title="Charles du Paty de Clam">Charles du Paty de Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Pierre-Étienne Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Henriot" title="Philippe Henriot">Philippe Henriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Henry-Haye" title="Gaston Henry-Haye">Gaston Henry-Haye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Huntziger" title="Charles Huntziger">Charles Huntziger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Leguay" title="Jean Leguay">Jean Leguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Luchaire" title="Jean Luchaire">Jean Luchaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_M%C3%A9n%C3%A9trel" title="Bernard Ménétrel">Bernard Ménétrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montandon" title="George Montandon">George Montandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Papon" title="Maurice Papon">Maurice Papon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pucheu" title="Pierre Pucheu">Pierre Pucheu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sabiani" title="Simon Sabiani">Simon Sabiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Touvier" title="Paul Touvier">Paul Touvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tulard" title="André Tulard">André Tulard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Xavier Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Weygand" title="Maxime Weygand">Maxime Weygand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carltheo_Zeitschel" title="Carltheo Zeitschel">Carltheo Zeitschel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France" title="Government of Vichy France">Government of Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Pétain_and_the_French_State" title="Government of Vichy France">Pétain government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#First_Laval_administration_(1940)" title="Government of Vichy France">First Laval government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Flandin_regime" title="Government of Vichy France">Flandin government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Darlan_regime" title="Government of Vichy France">Darlan government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vichy_France#Second_Laval_administration_(1942-1944)" title="Government of Vichy France">Second Laval government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Parties and<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_League" title="French League">French League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Populaire_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Jeunesse Populaire Française">Jeunesse Populaire Française</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Combattants" title="Légion Française des Combattants">Légion Française des Combattants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Social_Movement" title="Revolutionary Social Movement">Revolutionary Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Corporation" title="Peasant Corporation">Peasant Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Legal and<br />treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation" title="Vichy anti-Jewish legislation">Anti-Jewish laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Saint_Jean_d%27Acre" title="Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre">Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_constitutional_laws_of_the_Vichy_regime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of constitutional laws of the Vichy regime (page does not exist)">List of constitutional laws of the Vichy regime</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actes_constitutionnels_du_r%C3%A9gime_de_Vichy" class="extiw" title="fr:Actes constitutionnels du régime de Vichy">fr</a>]</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitutional_Law_of_1940" title="French Constitutional Law of 1940">French Constitutional Law of 1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Protocols" title="Paris Protocols">Paris Protocols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riom_Trial" title="Riom Trial">Riom Trial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_du_travail_obligatoire" title="Service du travail obligatoire">Service du travail obligatoire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Policy &<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vichy_France" title="Foreign relations of Vichy France">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Foundation_for_the_Study_of_Human_Problems" title="French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems">French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_jeune_France" title="La jeune France">La jeune France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_collaboration_in_Vichy_France" title="Police collaboration in Vichy France">Police collaboration in Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_situation_in_French_Africa_under_Vichy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political situation in French Africa under Vichy (page does not exist)">Political situation in French Africa</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_politique_en_Afrique_fran%C3%A7aise_lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:Situation politique en Afrique française libérée">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Sections" title="Special Sections">Special Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_Holocaust_collaboration_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline">Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Press and<br />propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_publications_in_France" title="Antisemitic publications in France">Antisemitic publications</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_under_the_German_occupation_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship under the German occupation in France (page does not exist)">Censorship under the occupation</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censure_sous_l%27occupation_allemande_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Censure sous l'occupation allemande en France">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_media_in_German-occupied_France" title="Underground media in German-occupied France">Underground media in German-occupied France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_the_Press_Ordinances_of_1944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of the Press Ordinances of 1944 (page does not exist)">Freedom of the Press Ordinances of 1944</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordonnances_de_1944_sur_la_libert%C3%A9_de_la_presse" class="extiw" title="fr:Ordonnances de 1944 sur la liberté de la presse">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Juif_et_la_France" title="Le Juif et la France">Le Juif et la France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal,_nous_voil%C3%A0_!" title="Maréchal, nous voilà !">Maréchal, nous voilà !</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_newspapers_confiscated_for_collaboration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French newspapers confiscated for collaboration (page does not exist)">Newspapers confiscated for collaboration</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaux_confisqu%C3%A9s_pour_collaboration" class="extiw" title="fr:Journaux confisqués pour collaboration">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_fran%C3%A7ais_d%27information" title="Office français d'information">Office français d'information</a><br /></li> <li><b><span style="color:gray">Press:</span></b> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Alerte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Alerte (page does not exist)">L'Alerte</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Alerte" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Alerte">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Appel" title="L'Appel">L'Appel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aujourd%27hui" title="Aujourd'hui">Aujourd'hui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Cahier_jaune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Cahier jaune (page does not exist)">Le Cahier jaune</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cahier_jaune" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Cahier jaune">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Cri_du_peuple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Cri du peuple (page does not exist)">Le Cri du peuple</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cri_du_peuple_(journal,_1940-1944)" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Cri du peuple (journal, 1940-1944)">fr</a>; <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cri_du_Peuple" class="extiw" title="it:Le Cri du Peuple">it</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combats_(Vichy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combats (Vichy) (page does not exist)">Combats</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combats" class="extiw" title="fr:Combats">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Documents_ma%C3%A7onniques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Documents maçonniques (page does not exist)">Documents maçonniques</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documents_ma%C3%A7onniques" class="extiw" title="fr:Documents maçonniques">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27%C3%89mancipation_nationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Émancipation nationale (page does not exist)">L'Émancipation nationale</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%89mancipation_nationale" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Émancipation nationale">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_France_(Sigmaringen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La France (Sigmaringen) (page does not exist)">La France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_France_(Sigmaringen)" class="extiw" title="fr:La France (Sigmaringen)">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=France,_revue_de_l%27%C3%89tat_nouveau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France, revue de l'État nouveau (page does not exist)">France, revue de l'État nouveau</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France,_revue_de_l%27%C3%89tat_nouveau" class="extiw" title="fr:France, revue de l'État nouveau">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ici_la_France_(radio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ici la France (radio) (page does not exist)">Ici la France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ici_la_France_(Radio_Sigmaringen)" class="extiw" title="fr:Ici la France (Radio Sigmaringen)">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Id%C3%A9es_(revue,_1941-1944)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idées (revue, 1941-1944) (page does not exist)">Idées</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9es_(revue,_1941-1944)" class="extiw" title="fr:Idées (revue, 1941-1944)">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revivre_(periodical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revivre (periodical) (page does not exist)">Revivre</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revivre_(p%C3%A9riodique)" class="extiw" title="fr:Revivre (périodique)">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_nationale_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Révolution nationale (newspaper) (page does not exist)"><i>Révolution nationale</i></a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:Révolution nationale (journal)">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Semaine_(weekly)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Semaine (weekly) (page does not exist)">La Semaine</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Semaine_(hebdomadaire_de_spectacles)" class="extiw" title="fr:La Semaine (hebdomadaire de spectacles)">fr</a>]</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Union_fran%C3%A7aise_(hebdomadaire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Union française (hebdomadaire) (page does not exist)">L'Union française</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Union_fran%C3%A7aise_(hebdomadaire)" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Union française (hebdomadaire)">fr</a>]</sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zone_libre" title="Zone libre">Zone libre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II#Occupation_zones" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupied zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Syria and Lebanon mandate</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="French_North_Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ivory_Coast#French_colonial_era" title="History of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Dahomey" title="French Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guinea" title="French Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Mauritania" title="Colonial Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Niger" title="Colony of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Senegal#French_period" title="History of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Upper_Volta" title="French Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Togoland" title="French Togoland">Togoland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">Middle Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubangi-Shari" title="Ubangi-Shari">Ubangi-Shari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia & Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">French protectorate of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Kouang-Tchéou-Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">Jewish<br />affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation" title="Vichy anti-Jewish legislation">Laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_on_the_status_of_Jews" title="Law on the status of Jews">Law on the status of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_regarding_foreign_nationals_of_the_Jewish_race" title="Law regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race">Law regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_law_on_the_status_of_Jews" title="Second law on the status of Jews">Second law on the status of Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissariat-General_for_Jewish_Affairs" title="Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs">Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_the_Order_of_Physicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council of the Order of Physicians (page does not exist)">Order of Physicians</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_national_de_l%27ordre_des_m%C3%A9decins" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil national de l'ordre des médecins">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_isra%C3%A9lites_de_France" title="Union générale des israélites de France">UGIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)#France" title="Roundup (police action)">Roundups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundups_of_Jews_on_the_French_Riviera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundups of Jews on the French Riviera (page does not exist)">French Riviera</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Brunner#Les_rafles_de_Juifs_de_la_Côte_d'Azur" class="extiw" title="fr:Alois Brunner">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_ticket_roundup" title="Green ticket roundup">Green ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clermont-Ferrand_Roundup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clermont-Ferrand Roundup (page does not exist)">Clermont-Ferrand</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle_du_25_novembre_1943" class="extiw" title="fr:Rafle du 25 novembre 1943">fr</a>; <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrellamento_di_Clermont-Ferrand" class="extiw" title="it:Rastrellamento di Clermont-Ferrand">it</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izieu#Site_of_World_War_II_Jewish_orphanage" title="Izieu">Izieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille_roundup" title="Marseille roundup">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Sainte-Catherine_Roundup" title="Rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel' d'Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villeurbanne_Roundup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villeurbanne Roundup (page does not exist)">Villeurbanne</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle_des_Villeurbannais" class="extiw" title="fr:Rafle des Villeurbannais">fr</a>; <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrellamento_di_Villeurbanne" class="extiw" title="it:Rastrellamento di Villeurbanne">it</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discrimination<br />and plunder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryanization#France" title="Aryanization">Aryanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_badge_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellow badge in France (page does not exist)">Yellow badge in France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampon_%22JUIF%22_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Tampon "JUIF" en France">fr</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internment_camps_in_France#Second_World_War_camps" title="Internment camps in France">Camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaune-la-Rolande_internment_camp" title="Beaune-la-Rolande internment camp">Beaune-la-Rolande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drancy_internment_camp" title="Drancy internment camp">Drancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurs_internment_camp" title="Gurs internment camp">Gurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_des_Milles" title="Camp des Milles">Milles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof_concentration_camp" title="Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp">Natzweiler-Struthof</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Natzweiler-Struthof" title="List of subcamps of Natzweiler-Struthof">subcamps</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_No%C3%A9" title="Camp de Noé">Noé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithiviers_internment_camp" title="Pithiviers internment camp">Pithiviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_du_R%C3%A9c%C3%A9b%C3%A9dou" title="Camp du Récébédou">Récébédou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieucros_Camp" title="Rieucros Camp">Rieucros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Romainville" title="Fort de Romainville">Romainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royallieu-Compi%C3%A8gne_internment_camp" title="Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp">Royallieu-Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_Rivesaltes" title="Camp de Rivesaltes">Rivesaltes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Septfonds" title="Camp of Septfonds">Septfonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Vernet" title="Camp Vernet">Vernet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convoys_of_the_deportation_of_Jews_from_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convoys of the deportation of Jews from France (page does not exist)">Deportation convoys</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convois_de_la_d%C3%A9portation_des_Juifs_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Convois de la déportation des Juifs de France">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_deportations_of_French_Jews_to_death_camps" title="Timeline of deportations of French Jews to death camps">Deportation timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_Holocaust_collaboration_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline">Holocaust timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_France" title="The Holocaust in France">The Holocaust in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II#Vichy_Army_(1940–1944)" title="Military history of France during World War II">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Regiment_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Regiment of France (page does not exist)">1st Regiment</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_r%C3%A9giment_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Premier régiment de France">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Military_Division_(Vichy_France)" title="7th Military Division (Vichy France)">7th Military Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Military_Division_(Vichy_France)" title="14th Military Division (Vichy France)">14th Military Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Military_Division_(Vichy_France)" title="15th Military Division (Vichy France)">15th Military Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Levant" title="Army of the Levant">Army of the Levant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_French_Air_Force" title="Vichy French Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_French_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy French Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_(Vichy_France)" title="Guard (Vichy France)">Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Militia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27ordre_l%C3%A9gionnaire" title="Service d'ordre légionnaire">Service d'ordre légionnaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_mobile_de_r%C3%A9serve" title="Groupe mobile de réserve">Groupe mobile de réserve</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Garde" title="Franc-Garde">Franc-Garde</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Brigades" title="Special Brigades">Special Brigades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auxiliary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_Charlemagne" title="33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne">SS Charlemagne division</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carlingue" title="Carlingue">Carlingue</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_imp%C3%A9riale" title="Légion impériale">Légion impériale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_French_Volunteers_Against_Bolshevism" title="Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism">Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>1940</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Mers-el-K%C3%A9bir" title="Attack on Mers-el-Kébir">Mers-el-Kébir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II#Vichy_French_attacks:_1940" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dakar" title="Battle of Dakar">Dakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabon" title="Battle of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ko_Chang" title="Battle of Ko Chang">Ko Chang</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>1941</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><b>1942</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Operation Bright Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#World_War_II" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Anton" title="Case Anton"><i>Anton</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_French_fleet_at_Toulon" title="Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon">Toulon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Battle of Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Giraud" title="Henri Giraud">Henri Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Dissolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line_campaign" title="Siegfried Line campaign">Siegfried Line campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">Sigmaringen enclave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_de_Brinon" title="Fernand de Brinon">Fernand de Brinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Joseph Darnand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Luchaire" title="Jean Luchaire">Jean Luchaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bridoux" title="Eugène Bridoux">Eugène Bridoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">Aftermath<br />& Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_9_August_1944" title="Ordinance of 9 August 1944">Ordinance of 9 August 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89puration_l%C3%A9gale" title="Épuration légale">Épuration légale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_of_Nazi_collaborators#France" title="Pursuit of Nazi collaborators">Épuration sauvage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France#Elections_of_May_1945" title="Liberation of France">Municipal elections of 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1946_French_legislative_election" title="November 1946 French legislative election">1946 legislative election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain#Trial_in_High_Court" title="Philippe Pétain">Trial of Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Barbie#Extradition,_trial_and_death" title="Klaus Barbie">Klaus Barbie trial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocaust_denial_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holocaust denial in France (page does not exist)">Holocaust denial in France</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gation_de_la_Shoah_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Négation de la Shoah en France">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Matt%C3%A9oli" title="Mission Mattéoli">Mission Mattéoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_syndrome" title="Vichy syndrome">Vichy syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:center; text-align:center">History<br />& Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Destruction_of_the_European_Jews" title="The Destruction of the European Jews">The Destruction of the European Jews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Defeat" title="Strange Defeat">Strange Defeat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bombing_the_Nazis" title="Bombing the Nazis">Bombing the Nazis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eye_of_Vichy" title="The Eye of Vichy">The Eye of Vichy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice,_film_noir" title="Milice, film noir">Milice, film noir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrow_and_the_Pity" title="The Sorrow and the Pity">The Sorrow and the Pity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(film)" title="Uranus (film)">Uranus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Castle_to_Castle" title="Castle to Castle">Castle to Castle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Special_Section_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Section (film)">Section spéciale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Silence_de_la_mer" title="Le Silence de la mer">Le Silence de la mer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_fran%C3%A7aise_(N%C3%A9mirovsky_novel)" title="Suite française (Némirovsky novel)">Suite française</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupied France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a></li> <li>Year in France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_France" title="1940 in France">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_France" title="1941 in France">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_France" title="1942 in France">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_France" title="1943 in France">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_France" title="1944 in France">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vichy_France" title="Category:Vichy France">Category:Vichy France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Holocaust_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holocaust_France" title="Template:Holocaust France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holocaust_France" title="Template talk:Holocaust France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Holocaust_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_France" title="The Holocaust in France">The Holocaust in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> by country: <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Albania" title="The Holocaust in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Austria" title="The Holocaust in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belarus" title="The Holocaust in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belgium" title="The Holocaust in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bulgaria" title="The Holocaust in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Estonia" title="The Holocaust in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_France" title="The Holocaust in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Hungary" title="The Holocaust in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Italy" title="The Holocaust in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Latvia" title="The Holocaust in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Libya_during_the_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews of Libya during the Holocaust">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania" title="The Holocaust in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Luxembourg" title="The Holocaust in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Netherlands" title="The Holocaust in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Norway" title="The Holocaust in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Poland" title="The Holocaust in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Russia" title="The Holocaust in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_German-occupied_Serbia" title="The Holocaust in German-occupied Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Ukraine" title="The Holocaust in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roundup_(police_action)" title="Roundup (police action)">Roundups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_ticket_roundup" title="Green ticket roundup">Green ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clermont-Ferrand_Roundup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clermont-Ferrand Roundup (page does not exist)">Clermont-Ferrand</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle_du_25_novembre_1943" class="extiw" title="fr:Rafle du 25 novembre 1943">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izieu#Site_of_World_War_II_Jewish_orphanage" title="Izieu">Izieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille_roundup" title="Marseille roundup">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundups_of_Jews_on_the_French_Riviera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundups of Jews on the French Riviera (page does not exist)">French Riviera roundups</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Brunner#Les_rafles_de_Juifs_de_la_Côte_d'Azur" class="extiw" title="fr:Alois Brunner">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Sainte-Catherine_Roundup" title="Rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vel%27_d%27Hiv_Roundup" title="Vel' d'Hiv Roundup">Vel' d'Hiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villeurbanne_Roundup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villeurbanne Roundup (page does not exist)">Villeurbanne</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafle_des_Villeurbannais" class="extiw" title="fr:Rafle des Villeurbannais">fr</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internment_camps_in_France#Second_World_War_camps" title="Internment camps in France">Camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaune-la-Rolande_internment_camp" title="Beaune-la-Rolande internment camp">Beaune-la-Rolande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drancy_internment_camp" title="Drancy internment camp">Drancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurs_internment_camp" title="Gurs internment camp">Gurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_des_Milles" title="Camp des Milles">Milles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof_concentration_camp" title="Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp">Natzweiler-Struthof</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Natzweiler-Struthof" title="List of subcamps of Natzweiler-Struthof">subcamps</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithiviers_internment_camp" title="Pithiviers internment camp">Pithiviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_du_R%C3%A9c%C3%A9b%C3%A9dou" title="Camp du Récébédou">Récébédou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieucros_Camp" title="Rieucros Camp">Rieucros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Romainville" title="Fort de Romainville">Romainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royallieu-Compi%C3%A8gne_internment_camp" title="Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp">Royallieu-Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_Rivesaltes" title="Camp de Rivesaltes">Rivesaltes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Septfonds" title="Camp of Septfonds">Septfonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Vernet" title="Camp Vernet">Vernet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Archives, statutes, trial testimony, convoy records">Documentation</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_Contemporary_Jewish_Documentation" title="Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation">Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation" title="Vichy anti-Jewish legislation">Vichy anti-Jewish legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_deportations_of_French_Jews_to_death_camps" title="Timeline of deportations of French Jews to death camps">Timeline of deportations to death camps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Perpetrators of crimes against victims of the Holocaust in France">Perpetrators</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Abetz" title="Otto Abetz">Otto Abetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Achenbach" title="Ernst Achenbach">Ernst Achenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Ahnert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Ahnert (page does not exist)">Horst Ahnert</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Ahnert" class="extiw" title="es:Horst Ahnert">es</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Barbie" title="Klaus Barbie">Klaus Barbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Best" title="Werner Best">Werner Best</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Blanke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Blanke (page does not exist)">Kurt Blanke</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Blanke" class="extiw" title="de:Kurt Blanke">de</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6melburg" title="Karl Bömelburg">Karl Bömelburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_R%C3%B6thke" title="Heinz Röthke">Heinz Röthke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Brunner" title="Alois Brunner">Alois Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Dannecker" title="Theodor Dannecker">Theodor Dannecker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Dietrich_Ernst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Dietrich Ernst (page does not exist)">Hans-Dietrich Ernst</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Ernst" class="extiw" title="de:Hans-Dietrich Ernst">de</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hagen" title="Herbert Hagen">Herbert Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Heinrichsohn" title="Ernst Heinrichsohn">Ernst Heinrichsohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Knochen" title="Helmut Knochen">Helmut Knochen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Kramer" title="Josef Kramer">Josef Kramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lischka" title="Kurt Lischka">Kurt Lischka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Oberg" title="Carl Oberg">Carl Oberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl-Heinrich_von_St%C3%BClpnagel" title="Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel">Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carltheo_Zeitschel" title="Carltheo Zeitschel">Carltheo Zeitschel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nazi occupation<br />and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Devisenschutzkommando" title="Devisenschutzkommando">Devisenschutzkommando</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">Parti Populaire Français</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Populaire_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Jeunesse Populaire Française">Jeunesse Populaire Française</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation" title="Vichy anti-Jewish legislation">Anti-Jewish legislation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">René Bousquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Joseph Darnand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Darquier_de_Pellepoix" title="Louis Darquier de Pellepoix">Louis Darquier de Pellepoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tulard" title="André Tulard">André Tulard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_Holocaust_collaboration_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline">Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_collaboration_in_Vichy_France" title="Police collaboration in Vichy France">Vichy Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy#France" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaborators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Robert Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line" title="Louis-Ferdinand Céline">Louis-Ferdinand Céline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Darquier_de_Pellepoix" title="Louis Darquier de Pellepoix">Louis Darquier de Pellepoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_G%C3%A9rard_(propagandist)" title="René Gérard (propagandist)">René Gérard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mamy" title="Jean Mamy">Jean Mamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Papon" title="Maurice Papon">Maurice Papon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_du_Paty_de_Clam" title="Charles du Paty de Clam">Charles du Paty de Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Touvier" title="Paul Touvier">Paul Touvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Xavier Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_collaboration_in_Vichy_France" title="Police collaboration in Vichy France">Police collaboration in Vichy France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="French and non-French citizens arrested, deported, or otherwise victims of the Holocaust in France">Victims</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Abraham" title="Henri Abraham">Henri Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Basch" title="Victor Basch">Victor Basch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Berr" title="Hélène Berr">Hélène Berr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Blum_(impresario)" title="René Blum (impresario)">René Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadmi_Cohen" title="Kadmi Cohen">Kadmi Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cohn" title="Marianne Cohn">Marianne Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messaoud_El_Mediouni" title="Messaoud El Mediouni">Messaoud El Mediouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Feldbau" title="Jacques Feldbau">Jacques Feldbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fondane" title="Benjamin Fondane">Benjamin Fondane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Freundlich" title="Otto Freundlich">Otto Freundlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Gluck" title="Salomon Gluck">Salomon Gluck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Halbwachs" title="Maurice Halbwachs">Maurice Halbwachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_(composer)" title="Paul Hermann (composer)">Paul Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Max Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereck_Kofman" title="Bereck Kofman">Bereck Kofman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Mandel" title="Georges Mandel">Georges Mandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Metzger" title="Hélène Metzger">Hélène Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Natan" title="Bernard Natan">Bernard Natan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_N%C3%A9mirovsky" title="Irène Némirovsky">Irène Némirovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Oberfeld" title="Casimir Oberfeld">Casimir Oberfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Olschanezky" title="Sonia Olschanezky">Sonia Olschanezky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Perez_(Tunisian_boxer)" title="Victor Perez (Tunisian boxer)">Victor Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9atrice_Reinach" title="Béatrice Reinach">Béatrice Reinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Rodier" title="Claude Rodier">Claude Rodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ros%C3%A9" title="Alma Rosé">Alma Rosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Salomon" title="Charlotte Salomon">Charlotte Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sascha_Schapiro" title="Sascha Schapiro">Sascha Schapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vogel_(author)" title="David Vogel (author)">David Vogel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Victims of the Holocaust in France who escaped or who survived arrest, deportation, or the camps until liberation">Survivors</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Deutscher_(physicist)" title="Guy Deutscher (physicist)">Guy Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Elleinstein" title="Jean Elleinstein">Jean Elleinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Feuerwerker" title="Antoinette Feuerwerker">Antoinette Feuerwerker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Feuerwerker" title="David Feuerwerker">David Feuerwerker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ol%C3%A8re" title="David Olère">David Olère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Schwab" title="Léon Schwab">Léon Schwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Warfman" title="Rose Warfman">Rose Warfman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Anyone (victim or not) with first-hand knowledge of the Holocaust in France who testified or spoke out publicly about it">Witness<br />testimony</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_Alcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise Alcan (page does not exist)">Louise Alcan</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Alcan" class="extiw" title="fr:Louise Alcan">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bialot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Bialot (page does not exist)">Joseph Bialot</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bialot" class="extiw" title="fr:Joseph Bialot">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Borlant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Borlant (page does not exist)">Henri Borlant</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Borlant" class="extiw" title="fr:Henri Borlant">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Bulawko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Bulawko (page does not exist)">Henry Bulawko</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bulawko" class="extiw" title="fr:Henry Bulawko">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadine_Heftler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadine Heftler (page does not exist)">Nadine Heftler</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadine_Heftler" class="extiw" title="fr:Nadine Heftler">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Holstein" title="Denise Holstein">Denise Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Kapel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Kapel (page does not exist)">René Kapel</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Kapel" class="extiw" title="fr:René Kapel">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kofman" title="Sarah Kofman">Sarah Kofman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Rogerie" title="André Rogerie">André Rogerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Vaillant-Couturier" title="Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier">Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Zyguel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Zyguel (page does not exist)">Léon Zyguel</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Zyguel" class="extiw" title="fr:Léon Zyguel">fr</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among<br />the Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bedane" title="Albert Bedane">Albert Bedane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Boegner" title="Marc Boegner">Marc Boegner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chambon-sur-Lignon" title="Le Chambon-sur-Lignon">Le Chambon-sur-Lignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chabannes" title="Château de Chabannes">Château de Chabannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elmes" title="Mary Elmes">Mary Elmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Marie_Gerlier" title="Pierre-Marie Gerlier">Pierre-Marie Gerlier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Godart" title="Justin Godart">Justin Godart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Jacques" title="Père Jacques">Père Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Manen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Manen (page does not exist)">Henri Manen</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Manen" class="extiw" title="fr:Henri Manen">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Marie-Beno%C3%AEt" title="Père Marie-Benoît">Père Marie-Benoît</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Naurois" title="René de Naurois">René de Naurois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_Ribi%C3%A8re" title="Germaine Ribière">Germaine Ribière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules-G%C3%A9raud_Sali%C3%A8ge" title="Jules-Géraud Saliège">Jules-Géraud Saliège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Marie_Th%C3%A9as" title="Pierre-Marie Théas">Pierre-Marie Théas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_and_Magda_Trocm%C3%A9" title="André and Magda Trocmé">André and Magda Trocmé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varian_Fry" title="Varian Fry">Varian Fry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Museums, commemorations, memorials, any institution preserving the memory of the Holocaust in France">Memorials</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fondation_pour_la_M%C3%A9moire_de_la_D%C3%A9portation" title="Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation">Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_and_Daughters_of_Jewish_Deportees_from_France" title="Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France">Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_la_Shoah" title="Mémorial de la Shoah">Mémorial de la Shoah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_des_Martyrs_de_la_D%C3%A9portation" title="Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation">Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9morial_national_de_la_d%C3%A9portation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mémorial national de la déportation (page does not exist)">Mémorial national de la déportation</a> </i><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_national_de_la_d%C3%A9portation" class="extiw" title="fr:Mémorial national de la déportation">fr</a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_Rivesaltes" title="Camp de Rivesaltes">Rivesaltes Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_memorials_and_museums#France" title="List of Holocaust memorials and museums">List of Holocaust memorials and museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">Antisemitism in France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_Juive" title="Armée Juive">Armée Juive</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">History of the Jews in France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupied France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation" title="Vichy anti-Jewish legislation">Vichy anti-Jewish legislation</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665228#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665228#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665228#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078319602">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76368754">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1897652/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgXgpkj9qwb9twHrdPvpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119228823">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92025197">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12226689w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12226689w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p270469273">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258801605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21687704">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119228823.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119228823">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030953464">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐864bbfd546‐9qhmr Cached time: 20241130054132 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.960 seconds Real time usage: 1.292 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9744/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 205515/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9505/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 47/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 63342/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.529/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21976665/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1113.904 1 -total 32.81% 365.523 10 Template:Navbox 21.55% 240.037 1 Template:Vichy_France 15.17% 168.946 1 Template:Reflist 14.19% 158.082 1 Template:Infobox_person 13.47% 150.024 46 Template:Ill 12.18% 135.643 1 Template:IPA 10.83% 120.603 1 Template:Short_description 7.81% 86.943 3 Template:Cite_web 7.75% 86.299 71 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:9597848:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241130054132 and revision id 1244893234. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=René_Bousquet&oldid=1244893234">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=René_Bousquet&oldid=1244893234</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1909_births" title="Category:1909 births">1909 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1993_deaths" title="Category:1993 deaths">1993 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Montauban" title="Category:People from Montauban">People from Montauban</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prefects_of_Marne_(department)" title="Category:Prefects of Marne (department)">Prefects of Marne (department)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_Vichy_France" title="Category:People of Vichy France">People of Vichy France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_police_chiefs" title="Category:French police chiefs">French police chiefs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_police_officers_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:French police officers convicted of crimes">French police officers convicted of crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_bankers" title="Category:French bankers">French bankers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_fascists" title="Category:French fascists">French fascists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_mass_murderers" title="Category:French mass murderers">French mass murderers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_war_criminals" title="Category:French war criminals">French war criminals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_France" title="Category:Antisemitism in France">Antisemitism in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Toulouse_alumni" title="Category:University of Toulouse alumni">University of Toulouse alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_perpetrators_in_France" title="Category:Holocaust perpetrators in France">Holocaust perpetrators in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Order_of_the_Francisque_recipients" title="Category:Order of the Francisque recipients">Order of the Francisque recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" title="Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour">Knights of the Legion of Honour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_of_indignit%C3%A9_nationale" title="Category:People convicted of indignité nationale">People convicted of indignité nationale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:French politicians convicted of crimes">French politicians convicted of crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_murdered_in_Paris" title="Category:People murdered in Paris">People murdered in Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassinated_French_politicians" title="Category:Assassinated French politicians">Assassinated French politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassinated_Nazis" title="Category:Assassinated Nazis">Assassinated Nazis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassinated_police_officers" title="Category:Assassinated police officers">Assassinated police officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_murders_in_Paris" title="Category:1990s murders in Paris">1990s murders in Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1993_murders_in_France" title="Category:1993 murders in France">1993 murders in France</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2023">Use dmy dates from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biography_with_signature" title="Category:Biography with signature">Biography with signature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 September 2024, at 20:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-bd4jn","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.960","walltime":"1.292","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9744,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":205515,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9505,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":47,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":63342,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1113.904 1 -total"," 32.81% 365.523 10 Template:Navbox"," 21.55% 240.037 1 Template:Vichy_France"," 15.17% 168.946 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.19% 158.082 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 13.47% 150.024 46 Template:Ill"," 12.18% 135.643 1 Template:IPA"," 10.83% 120.603 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.81% 86.943 3 Template:Cite_web"," 7.75% 86.299 71 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.529","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21976665,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-864bbfd546-9qhmr","timestamp":"20241130054132","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ren\u00e9 Bousquet","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q665228","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q665228","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-02-19T21:13:47Z","dateModified":"2024-09-09T20:18:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f9\/Ren%C3%A9_Bousquet_1943cr.jpg","headline":"French police chief (1909-1993)"}</script> </body> </html>