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certification</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: forest certification"> <meta name="keywords" content="forest certification"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="forest certification"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1133</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: forest certification</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1133</span> Management of High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF) in Peninsular Malaysia as Part of Sustainable Forest Management Practices </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Samah%20Abdul%20Khalim">Abu Samah Abdul Khalim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzah%20Khali%20Aziz"> Hamzah Khali Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tropical forests in Malaysia safeguard enormous biological diversity while providing crucial benefits and services for the sustainable development of human communities. They are highly significant globally, both for their diverse and threatened species and as representative unique ecosystems. In order to promote the conservation and sustainable management of forest in this country, the Forestry Department (FD) is using ITTO guidelines on managing the forest under the Sustainable Forest Management practice (SFM). The fundamental principles of SFM are the sustained provision of products, goods and services; economic viability, social acceptability and the minimization of environmental/ecological impacts. With increased awareness and recognition of the importance of tropical forests and biodiversity in the global environment, efforts have been made to classify forests and natural areas with unique values or properties in a universally accepted scale. In line with that the concept of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) first used by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in 1999, has been adopted and included as Principle ‘9’ in the Malaysia Criteria and Indicators for Forest Management Certification (MC&I 2002). The MC&I 2002 is a standard used for assessing forest management practices of the Forest Management Unit (FMU) level for purpose of certification. The key to the concept of HCVF is identification of HCVs of the forest. This paper highlighted initiative taken by the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia in establishing and managing HCVF areas within the Permanent Forest Reserves (PFE). To date almost all states forestry department in Peninsular Malaysia have established HCVFs in their respective states under different categories. Among others, the establishments of HCVF in this country are related to the importance of conserving biological diversity of the flora in the natural forest in particular endemic and threatened species such as Shorea bentongensis. As such it is anticipated that by taking this important initiatives, it will promote the conservation of biological diversity in the PFE of Peninsular Malaysia in line with the Sustainable Forest Management practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20conservation%20value%20forest" title="high conservation value forest">high conservation value forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title=" sustainable forest management"> sustainable forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20management%20certification" title=" forest management certification"> forest management certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peninsular%20Malaysia" title=" Peninsular Malaysia"> Peninsular Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59803/management-of-high-conservation-value-forests-hcvf-in-peninsular-malaysia-as-part-of-sustainable-forest-management-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1132</span> Forest Harvesting Policies and Practices in Tropical Forest of Terengganu, Malaysia: Industry Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Zaki%20Hamzah">Mohd Zaki Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roslan%20Rani"> Roslan Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Bazli%20Razali"> Ahmad Bazli Razali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satiful%20Bahri%20Mamat"> Satiful Bahri Mamat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hadi%20Ripin"> Abdul Hadi Ripin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Harun%20Esa"> Mohd Harun Esa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ever since 1901, forest management and silviculture practices in Malaysia have been frequently reviewed and updated to take into account changes in forest conditions, markets, timber demand/supply and technical advances that can be achieved in industrial processes, logging and forest harvesting, and currently, the forest management system practiced in Peninsular Malaysia is the Selective Management System (SMS) which was introduced in 1978. This system requires the selection of management regime (felling) based on Pre-Felling Forest Inventory (Pre-F) data to ensure economical harvesting and also ensuring adequate standing stands for subsequent rounds of felling, while maintaining ecological balance and environmental quality. SMS regulates forest harvesting through area and volume controls, with the cutting cycle 30 years. Most of the forest management units (FMU) (in Peninsular Malaysia) implementing SMS have been certified by Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and/or Program for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC), and one such FMU belongs to Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu (KPKKT). KPKKT, a timber management subsidiary of Golden Pharos Berhad (GPB), adopts the SMS to manage its 108,900 ha of timber concessionary areas in its role as logs’ supplier for the consumption of three subsidiaries of GPB. KPKKT is also responsible for the sustainable development and management of its concession in accordance with the Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) standards to ensure that it addresses the loss of forest cover and forest degradation, forest-based economic, social and environmental benefits, and ecologically protecting forests while mobilising financial resources for the implementation of sustainable forest management planning, harvesting, monitoring and the marketing of products. This paper will detail out the management and harvesting guidelines imposed by the controlling government agency, and harvesting processes taken by KPKKT to comply with guidelines and eventually supplying timber to the relevant subsidiaries (downstream mills under GPB). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title="sustainable forest management">sustainable forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silviculture" title=" silviculture"> silviculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduce%20impact%20logging" title=" reduce impact logging"> reduce impact logging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20certification" title=" forest certification"> forest certification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164270/forest-harvesting-policies-and-practices-in-tropical-forest-of-terengganu-malaysia-industry-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1131</span> Challenge and Benefits of Adoption ISO 9001 Certification in Algerian Agribusiness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouara%20Boulfoul">Nouara Boulfoul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Brabez"> Fatima Brabez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents the status of ISO 9001: 2000 certification in some agro-food companies in Algeria. The article discusses challenges and contributions of certification as perceived by quality managers as well as the difficulties encountered during certification. It also provides the recommendations of these managers for companies that have a certification project. The results show that the top three reasons for adopting ISO 9001: 2000 certification are building a better organization, reducing the costs of non-compliance and meeting customer expectations. The contributions are of an external nature (recognition, brand image, extension of markets, etc.) but also of an internal nature (improvement of the organization, etc.). The recommendations mainly concern management motivation, staff awareness and involvement and compliance with the requirements of the standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management" title="quality management">quality management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%209001%3A%202000" title=" ISO 9001: 2000"> ISO 9001: 2000</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20companies" title=" food companies"> food companies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141107/challenge-and-benefits-of-adoption-iso-9001-certification-in-algerian-agribusiness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1130</span> Community Forest Management Practice in Nepal: Public Understanding of Forest Benefit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandralal%20Shrestha">Chandralal Shrestha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the developing countries like Nepal, the community based forest management approach has often been glorified as one of the best forest management alternatives to maximize the forest benefits. Though the approach has succeeded to construct a local level institution and conserve the forest biodiversity, how the local communities perceived about the forest benefits, the question always remains silent among the researchers and policy makers. The paper aims to explore the understanding of forest benefits from the perspective of local communities who used the forests in terms of institutional stability, equity and livelihood opportunity, and ecological stability. The paper revealed that the local communities have mixed understanding over the forest benefits. The institutional and ecological activities carried out by the local communities indicated that they have better understanding over the forest benefits. However, inequality while sharing the forest benefits, low pricing strategy and its negative consequences in valuation of forest products and limited livelihood opportunities indicated the poor understanding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20based%20forest%20management" title="community based forest management">community based forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20benefits" title=" forest benefits"> forest benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lowland" title=" lowland"> lowland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42988/community-forest-management-practice-in-nepal-public-understanding-of-forest-benefit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1129</span> Development of Open Source Geospatial Certification Model Based on Geospatial Technology Competency Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanzeel%20Ur%20Rehman%20Khan">Tanzeel Ur Rehman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franz%20Josef%20Behr"> Franz Josef Behr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phillip%20Davis"> Phillip Davis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Open source geospatial certifications are needed in geospatial technology education and industry sector. In parallel with proprietary software, free and open source software solutions become important in geospatial technology research and play an important role for the growth of the geospatial industry. ESRI, GISCI (GIS Certification Institute), ASPRS (American Society of Photogrammetry and remote sensing), and Meta spatial are offering certifications on proprietary and open source software. These are portfolio and competency based certifications depending on GIS Body of Knowledge (Bok). The analysis of these certification approaches might lead to the discovery of some gaps in them and will open a new way to develop certifications related to the geospatial open source (OS). This new certification will investigate the different geospatial competencies according to open source tools that help to identify geospatial professionals and strengthen the geospatial academic content. The goal of this research is to introduce a geospatial certification model based on geospatial technology competency model (GTCM).The developed certification will not only incorporate the importance of geospatial education and production of the geospatial competency-based workforce in universities and companies (private or public) as well as describe open source solutions with tools and technology. Job analysis, market analysis, survey analysis of this certification opens a new horizon for business as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20certification" title="geospatial certification">geospatial certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20source" title=" open source"> open source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20technology%20competency%20model" title=" geospatial technology competency model"> geospatial technology competency model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoscience" title=" geoscience"> geoscience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33486/development-of-open-source-geospatial-certification-model-based-on-geospatial-technology-competency-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1128</span> CyberSecurity Malaysia: Towards Becoming a National Certification Body for Information Security Management Systems Internal Auditors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Razana">M. S. Razana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20W.%20Shafiuddin"> Z. W. Shafiuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Internal auditing is one of the most important activities for organizations that implement information security management systems (ISMS). The purpose of internal audits is to ensure the ISMS implementation is in accordance to the ISO/IEC 27001 standard and the organization’s own requirements for its ISMS. Competent internal auditors are the main element that contributes to the effectiveness of internal auditing activities. To realize this need, CyberSecurity Malaysia is now in the process of becoming a certification body that certifies ISMS internal auditors. The certification scheme will assess the competence of internal auditors in generic knowledge and skills in management systems, and also in ISMS-specific knowledge and skills. The certification assessment is based on the ISO/IEC 19011 Guidelines for auditing management systems, ISO/IEC 27007 Guidelines for information security management systems auditing and ISO/IEC 27001 Information security management systems requirements. The certification scheme complies with the ISO/IEC 17024 General requirements for bodies operating certification systems of persons. Candidates who pass the exam will be certified as an ISMS Internal Auditor, whose competency will be evaluated every three years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISMS%20internal%20audit" title="ISMS internal audit">ISMS internal audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISMS%20internal%20auditor" title=" ISMS internal auditor"> ISMS internal auditor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2FIEC%2017024" title=" ISO/IEC 17024"> ISO/IEC 17024</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competence" title=" competence"> competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49714/cybersecurity-malaysia-towards-becoming-a-national-certification-body-for-information-security-management-systems-internal-auditors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1127</span> Community Forestry Programme through the Local Forest Users Group, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniyal%20Neupane">Daniyal Neupane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Establishment of community forestry in Nepal is a successful step in the conservation of forests. Community forestry programme through the local forest users group has shown its positive impacts in the society. This paper discusses an overview of the present scenario of the community forestry in Nepal. It describes the brief historical background, some important forest legislations, and organization of forest. The paper also describes the internal conflicts between forest users and district forest offices, and possible resolution. It also suggests some of the aspects of community forestry in which the research needs to be focused for the better management of the forests in Nepal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20of%20forest" title=" conservation of forest"> conservation of forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20forest%20users%20group" title=" local forest users group"> local forest users group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=better%20management" title=" better management"> better management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43475/community-forestry-programme-through-the-local-forest-users-group-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> Sustainable Tourism Management in Taiwan: Using Certification and KPI Indicators to Development Sustainable Tourism Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirley%20Kuo">Shirley Kuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this study is to develop sustainable indicators for Taiwan, and using the Delphi method to find that our tourist areas can progress in a sustainable way. We need a lot of infrastructures and policies to develop tourist areas, and with proper KPI indicators can reduce the destruction of the natural and ecological environment. This study will first study the foreign certification experiences, because Taiwan is currently in the development stage, and then the methodology will explain in-depth interviews using the Delphi method, and then there is discussion about which KPI indicators Taiwan currently needs. In this study current progress is a deep understanding of national sustainable tourism certification and KPI indicators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title="sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KPI%20indicators" title=" KPI indicators"> KPI indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delphi%20method" title=" Delphi method"> Delphi method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37080/sustainable-tourism-management-in-taiwan-using-certification-and-kpi-indicators-to-development-sustainable-tourism-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Simulation of Forest Fire Using Wireless Sensor Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20F.%20Fauzi">Mohammad F. Fauzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20H.%20Shahba%20M.%20Shahrun"> Nurul H. Shahba M. Shahrun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20W.%20Hamzah"> Nurul W. Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Noah%20A.%20Rahman"> Mohd Noah A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzaal%20H.%20Seyal"> Afzaal H. Seyal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed a simulation system using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that will be distributed around the forest for early forest fire detection and to locate the areas affected. In Brunei Darussalam, approximately 78% of the nation is covered by forest. Since the forest is Brunei’s most precious natural assets, it is very important to protect and conserve our forest. The hot climate in Brunei Darussalam can lead to forest fires which can be a fatal threat to the preservation of our forest. The process consists of getting data from the sensors, analyzing the data and producing an alert. The key factors that we are going to analyze are the surrounding temperature, wind speed and wind direction, humidity of the air and soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20fire%20monitor" title="forest fire monitor">forest fire monitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20direction" title=" wind direction"> wind direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title=" wireless sensor network"> wireless sensor network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50659/simulation-of-forest-fire-using-wireless-sensor-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Evolving Software Assessment and Certification Models Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20M.%20Darwish">Saad M. Darwish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, software quality issues have come to be seen as important subject as we see an enormous growth of agencies involved in software industries. However, these agencies cannot guarantee the quality of their products, thus leaving users in uncertainties. Software certification is the extension of quality by means that quality needs to be measured prior to certification granting process. This research participates in solving the problem of software assessment by proposing a model for assessment and certification of software product that uses a fuzzy inference engine to integrate both of process–driven and application-driven quality assurance strategies. The key idea of the on hand model is to improve the compactness and the interpretability of the model’s fuzzy rules via employing an ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO), which tries to find good rules description by dint of compound rules initially expressed with traditional single rules. The model has been tested by case study and the results have demonstrated feasibility and practicability of the model in a real environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title="software quality">software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title=" quality assurance"> quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20certification%20model" title=" software certification model"> software certification model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20assessment" title=" software assessment"> software assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18443/evolving-software-assessment-and-certification-models-using-ant-colony-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1123</span> Economic Benefits in Community Based Forest Management from Users Perspective in Community Forestry, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sovit%20Pujari">Sovit Pujari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the developing countries like Nepal, the community-based forest management approach has often been glorified as one of the best forest management alternatives to maximize the forest benefits. Though the approach has succeeded to construct a local level institution and conserve the forest biodiversity, how the local communities perceived about the forest benefits, the question always remains silent among the researchers and policy makers. The paper aims to explore the understanding of forest benefits from the perspective of local communities who used the forests in terms of institutional stability, equity and livelihood opportunity, and ecological stability. The paper revealed that the local communities have mixed understanding over the forest benefits. The institutional and ecological activities carried out by the local communities indicated that they have a better understanding over the forest benefits. However, inequality while sharing the forest benefits, low pricing strategy and its negative consequences in the valuation of forest products and limited livelihood opportunities indicating the poor understanding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20based%20forest%20management" title="community based forest management">community based forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20pricing%20strategy" title=" low pricing strategy"> low pricing strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20benefits" title=" forest benefits"> forest benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20opportunities" title=" livelihood opportunities"> livelihood opportunities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43471/economic-benefits-in-community-based-forest-management-from-users-perspective-in-community-forestry-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1122</span> Development of a Green Star Certification Tool for Existing Buildings in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouwer%20Kleynhans">Bouwer Kleynhans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The built environment is responsible for about 40% of the world’s energy consumption and generates one third of global carbon dioxide emissions. The Green Building Council of South Africa’s (GBCSA) current rating tools are all for new buildings. By far the largest portion of buildings exist stock and therefore the need to develop a certification tool for existing buildings. Direct energy measurement comprises 27% of the total available points in this tool. The aim of this paper is to describe the development process of a green star certification tool for existing buildings in South Africa with specific emphasis on the energy measurement criteria. Successful implementation of this tool within the property market will ensure a reduced carbon footprint of buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification%20tool" title="certification tool">certification tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20process" title=" development process"> development process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20buildings" title=" green buildings"> green buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9572/development-of-a-green-star-certification-tool-for-existing-buildings-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Stock Potential of Major Forest Types in the Foot Hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Palanikumaran">B. Palanikumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kanagaraj"> N. Kanagaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sangareswari"> M. Sangareswari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sailaja"> V. Sailaja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapil%20%20Sihag"> Kapil Sihag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of major forest types present in the foothills of Nilgiri biosphere reserve. The total biomass carbon stock was estimated in tropical thorn forest, tropical dry deciduous forest and tropical moist deciduous forest as 14.61 t C ha⁻¹ 75.16 t C ha⁻¹ and 187.52 t C ha⁻¹ respectively. The density and basal area were estimated in tropical thorn forest, tropical dry deciduous forest, tropical moist deciduous forest as 173 stems ha⁻¹, 349 stems ha⁻¹, 391 stems ha⁻¹ and 6.21 m² ha⁻¹, 31.09 m² ha⁻¹, 67.34 m² ha⁻¹ respectively. The soil carbon stock of different forest ecosystems was estimated, and the results revealed that tropical moist deciduous forest (71.74 t C ha⁻¹) accounted for more soil carbon stock when compared to tropical dry deciduous forest (31.80 t C ha⁻¹) and tropical thorn forest (3.99 t C ha⁻¹). The tropical moist deciduous forest has the maximum annual leaf litter which was 12.77 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ followed by 6.44 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ litter fall of tropical dry deciduous forest. The tropical thorn forest accounted for 3.42 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ leaf litter production. The leaf litter carbon stock of tropical thorn forest, tropical dry deciduous forest and tropical moist deciduous forest found to be 1.02 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ 2.28 t⁻¹ C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 5.42 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ respectively. The results explained that decomposition percent at the soil surface in the following order.tropical dry deciduous forest (77.66 percent) > tropical thorn forest (69.49 percent) > tropical moist deciduous forest (63.17 percent). Decomposition percent at soil subsurface was studied, and the highest decomposition percent was observed in tropical dry deciduous forest (80.52 percent) followed by tropical moist deciduous forest (77.65 percent) and tropical thorn forest (72.10 percent). The decomposition percent was higher at soil subsurface. Among the three forest type, tropical moist deciduous forest accounted for the highest bacterial (59.67 x 105cfu’s g⁻¹ soil), actinomycetes (74.87 x 104cfu’s g⁻¹ soil) and fungal (112.60 x10³cfu’s g⁻¹ soil) population. The overall observation of the study helps to conclude that, the tropical moist deciduous forest has the potential of storing higher carbon content as biomass with the value of 264.68 t C ha⁻¹ and microbial populations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20area" title="basal area">basal area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title=" carbon sequestration"> carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20stock" title=" carbon stock"> carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilgiri%20biosphere%20reserve" title=" Nilgiri biosphere reserve"> Nilgiri biosphere reserve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110275/carbon-sequestration-and-carbon-stock-potential-of-major-forest-types-in-the-foot-hills-of-nilgiri-biosphere-reserve-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Community Activism for Sustainable Forest Management in Nepal: Lessons fromTarpakha Community Forest Siranchok, Gorkha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trilochana%20Pokhrel"> Trilochana Pokhrel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nationalization of forest during early 1960s had become a counterproductive for the conservation of forest in Nepal. Realizing this fact, the Government of Nepal initiated a paradigm shift from government-controlled forestry system to people’s direct participation for managing forestry, conceptualizing community forest approach in the early 1980s. The community forestry approach is expected to promote sustainable forest management, restoring degraded forests for enhancing the forest condition on one hand, and on the other, improvement of livelihoods, particularly of low-income people and forest dependent communities, as well as promoting community ownership to forest. As a result, establishment of community forests started and had taken faster momentum in Nepal. Of the total land in Nepal, forest occupies 6.5 million hectares which is around 45 percent of the forest area. Of the total forest area 1.8 million hectarehas been handed-over to community management. A total of 19,361 ‘community forest users groups’ are already created to manage the community forest.Tostreamlinethe governance of community forest, the enactment of ‘Forest Act 1993’ provides a clear legal basis for managing community forest in Nepal. This article is based on an in-depth study taking a case of Tarpakha Community Forest (TCF) located in Siranchok Rural Municipality of Gorkha District in Nepal. It mainly discusses on to extent the TCF able to achieve twin objectives of this community forest for catalyzing socio-economic improvement of the targeted community and conservation of forest. The primary information was generated through in-depth interviews along with group discussion with members, management committee, and other relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that there is significant improvement of regeneration of forest and also changes in the socio-economic status of local community. However, coordination with local municipality and forest governing entities is still weak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nepal" title=" nepal"> nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20%20benefit" title=" socio-economic benefit"> socio-economic benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title=" sustainable forest management"> sustainable forest management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172566/community-activism-for-sustainable-forest-management-in-nepal-lessons-fromtarpakha-community-forest-siranchok-gorkha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> The Interrelationship Between Urban Forest ,Forest Policy And Degraded Lands In Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pius%20Akindele%20Adeniyi">Pius Akindele Adeniyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The World's tropical forests are disappearing at an alarming rate of more than 200,000 ha per year as a result of deforestation due mainly to population pressures, economic growth, poor management and inappropriate policy. A forest policy determines the role of the sector in a nation's economy and it is formulated in accordance with the objectives of the national economic development. Urban forestry as a concept is relatively new in Nigeria when compared to European and American countries. It consists of growing of trees, shrubs and grass along streets, in parks, and around public or private buildings whose management rests in the hands of the public and private owners. Major urban centers in Nigeria are devoid of efficiently planned tree-planting programs. Hence, various factors militating against environmental improvements, such as climate and other agents of degradation, are highlighted for the necessary attention. The paper discusses the need for forest policy formulation and the objectives of forest policy. Elements of forest policy are also discussed and in particular, those peculiar to urbanization and degraded lands are Forest policy and land-use and policy implementation together with some problem issues in forest policy are discussed while recommendations are given on formulation of a forest policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title="urban">urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degraded" title=" degraded"> degraded</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163752/the-interrelationship-between-urban-forest-forest-policy-and-degraded-lands-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Software Assessment Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20M.%20Darwish">Saad M. Darwish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, software quality issues have come to be seen as important subject as we see an enormous growth of agencies involved in software industries. However,these agencies cannot guarantee the quality of their products, thus leaving users in uncertainties. Software certification is the extension of quality by means that quality needs to be measured prior to certification granting process. This research participates in solving the problem of software assessment by proposing a model for assessment and certification of software product that uses a fuzzy inference engine to integrate both of process–driven and application-driven quality assurance strategies. The key idea of the on hand model is to improve the compactness and the interpretability of the model’s fuzzy rules via employing an ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO), which tries to find good rules description by dint of compound rules initially expressed with traditional single rules. The model has been tested by case study and the results have demonstrated feasibility and practicability of the model in a real environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20technique" title="optimization technique">optimization technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title=" quality assurance"> quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20certification%20model" title=" software certification model"> software certification model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20assessment" title=" software assessment"> software assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18472/software-assessment-using-ant-colony-optimization-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> Insect Outbreaks, Harvesting and Wildfire in Forests: Mathematical Models for Coupling Disturbances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20A.%20Leite">M. C. A. Leite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Chen-Charpentier"> B. Chen-Charpentier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Agusto"> F. Agusto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A long-term goal of sustainable forest management is a relatively stable source of wood and a stable forest age-class structure has become the goal of many forest management practices. In the absence of disturbances, this forest management goal could easily be achieved. However, in the face of recurring insect outbreaks and other disruptive processes forest planning becomes more difficult, requiring knowledge of the effects on the forest of a wide variety of environmental factors (e.g., habitat heterogeneity, fire size and frequency, harvesting, insect outbreaks, and age distributions). The association between distinct forest disturbances and the potential effect on forest dynamics is a complex matter, particularly when evaluated over time and at large scale, and is not well understood. However, gaining knowledge in this area is crucial for a sustainable forest management. Mathematical modeling is a tool that can be used to broader the understanding in this area. In this talk we will introduce mathematical models formulation incorporating the effect of insect outbreaks either as a single disturbance in the forest population dynamics or coupled with other disturbances: either wildfire or harvesting. The results and ecological insights will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age-structured%20forest%20population" title="age-structured forest population">age-structured forest population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disturbances%20interaction" title=" disturbances interaction"> disturbances interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harvesting%20insects%20outbreak%20dynamics" title=" harvesting insects outbreak dynamics"> harvesting insects outbreak dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%0D%0Amodeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16948/insect-outbreaks-harvesting-and-wildfire-in-forests-mathematical-models-for-coupling-disturbances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> Community Activism for Sustainable Forest Management in Nepal: Lessons fromTarpakha Community Forest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nationalization of forests during the early 1960s had become counterproductive for the conservation of forests in Nepal. Realizing this fact, the Government of Nepal initiated a paradigm shift from a government-controlled forestry system to people’s direct participation in managing forestry, conceptualizing a community forest approach in the early 1980s. The community forestry approach is expected to promote sustainable forest management, restoring degraded forests to enhance the forest condition on the one hand, and on the other, improvement of livelihoods, particularly of low-income people and forest-dependent communities, as well as promoting community ownership of a forest. As a result, the establishment of community forests started and had taken faster momentum in Nepal. Of the total land in Nepal, forest occupies 6.5 million hectares which are around 45 percent of the forest area. Of the total forest area, 1.8 million hectares have been handed over to community management. A total of 19,361 ‘community forest users groups’ are already created to manage the community forest. To streamline the governance of community forests, the enactment of ‘The Forest Act 1993’ provides a clear legal basis for managing community forests in Nepal. This article is based on an in-depth study taking the case of Tarpakha Community Forest (TCF) located in Siranchok Rural Municipality of Gorkha District in Nepal. It mainly discusses the extent to which the TCF is able to achieve the twin objectives of this community forest for catalyzing socio-economic improvement of the targeted community and conservation of the forest. The primary information was generated through in-depth interviews along with group discussions with members, the management committee, and other relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that there is a significant improvement in the regeneration of the forest and also changes in the socio-economic status of the local community. However, coordination with local municipalities and forest governing entities is still weak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20benefit" title=" socio-economic benefit"> socio-economic benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title=" sustainable forest management"> sustainable forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160129/community-activism-for-sustainable-forest-management-in-nepal-lessons-fromtarpakha-community-forest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Assessment of Non-Timber Forest Products from Community Managed Forest of Thenzawl Forest Division, Mizoram, Northeast India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Lalhmingsangi">K. Lalhmingsangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20K.%20Sahoo"> U. K. Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-Timber Forest Products represent one of the key sources of income and subsistence to the fringe communities living in rural areas. A study was conducted for the assessment of NTFP within the community forest of five villages under Thenzawl forest division. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), questionnaire, field exercise, discussion and interview with the first hand NTFP exploiter and sellers was adopted for the field study. Fuel wood, medicinal plants, fodder, wild vegetables, fruits, broom grass, thatch grass, bamboo pole and cane species are the main NTFP harvested from the community forest. Among all the NTFPs, the highest percentage of household involvement was found in fuel wood, i.e. 53% of household and least in medicinal plants 5%. They harvest for their own consumption as well as for selling to the market to meet their needs. Edible food and fruits are sold to the market and it was estimated that 300 (Rs/hh/yr) was earned by each household through the selling of this NTFP from the community forest alone. No marketing channels are linked with fuelwood, medicinal plants and fodder since they harvest only for their own consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsistence" title=" subsistence"> subsistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-timber%20forest%20products" title=" non-timber forest products"> non-timber forest products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thenzawl%20Forest%20Division" title=" Thenzawl Forest Division"> Thenzawl Forest Division</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95061/assessment-of-non-timber-forest-products-from-community-managed-forest-of-thenzawl-forest-division-mizoram-northeast-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> A Method to Ease the Military Certification Process by Taking Advantage of Civil Standards in the Scope of Human Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20U%C3%A7an">Burcu Uçan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The certification approach differs in civil and military projects in aviation. Sets of criteria and standards created by airworthiness authorities for the determination of certification basis are distinct. While the civil standards are more understandable and clear because of not only include detailed specifications but also the help of guidance materials such as Advisory Circular, military criteria do not provide this level of guidance. Therefore, specifications that are more negotiable and sometimes more difficult to reconcile arise for the certification basis of a military aircraft. This study investigates a method of how to develop a military specification set by taking advantage of civil standards, regarding the European Military Airworthiness Criteria (EMACC) that establishes the airworthiness criteria for aircraft systems. Airworthiness Certification Criteria (MIL-HDBK-516C) is a handbook published for guidance that contains qualitative evaluation for military aircrafts meanwhile Certification Specifications (CS-29) is published for civil aircrafts by European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). This method intends to compare and contrast specifications that MIL-HDBK-516C and CS-29 contain within the scope of Human Factors. Human Factors supports human performance and aims to improve system performance by encompassing knowledge from a range of scientific disciplines. Human Factors focuses on how people perform their tasks and reduce the risk of an accident occurring due to human physical and cognitive limitations. Hence, regardless of whether the project is civil or military, the specifications must be guided at a certain level by taking into account human limits. This study presents an advisory method for this purpose. The method in this study develops a solution for the military certification process by identifying the CS requirement corresponding to the criteria in the MIL-HDBK-516C by means of EMACC. Thus, it eases understanding the expectations of the criteria and establishing derived requirements. As a result of this method, it may not always be preferred to derive new requirements. Instead, it is possible to add remarks to make the expectancy of the criteria and required verification methods more comprehensible for all stakeholders. This study contributes to creating a certification basis for military aircraft, which is difficult and takes plenty of time for stakeholders to agree due to gray areas in the certification process for military aircrafts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20factors" title="human factors">human factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerospace" title=" aerospace"> aerospace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=requirement" title=" requirement"> requirement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161163/a-method-to-ease-the-military-certification-process-by-taking-advantage-of-civil-standards-in-the-scope-of-human-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Design an Architectural Model for Deploying Wireless Sensor Network to Prevent Forest Fire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20Shukla">Saurabh Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Pandey"> G. N. Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fires have become the most serious disasters to forest resources and the human environment. In recent years, due to climate change, human activities and other factors the frequency of forest fires has increased considerably. The monitoring and prevention of forest fires have now become a global concern for forest fire prevention organizations. Currently, the methods for forest fire prevention largely consist of patrols, observation from watch towers. Thus, software like deployment of the wireless sensor network to prevent forest fire is being developed to get a better estimate of the temperature and humidity prospects. Now days, wireless sensor networks are beginning to be deployed at an accelerated pace. It is not unrealistic to expect that in coming years the world will be covered with wireless sensor networks. This new technology has lots of unlimited potentials and can be used for numerous application areas including environmental, medical, military, transportation, entertainment, crisis management, homeland defense, and smart spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deployment" title="deployment">deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20fires" title=" forest fires"> forest fires</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3989/design-an-architectural-model-for-deploying-wireless-sensor-network-to-prevent-forest-fire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> User-Perceived Quality Factors for Certification Model of Web-Based System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaiah%20H.%20Yahaya">Jamaiah H. Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziz%20Deraman"> Aziz Deraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Razak%20Hamdan"> Abdul Razak Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusmadi%20Yah%20Jusoh"> Yusmadi Yah Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most essential issues in software products is to maintain it relevancy to the dynamics of the user’s requirements and expectation. Many studies have been carried out in quality aspect of software products to overcome these problems. Previous software quality assessment models and metrics have been introduced with strengths and limitations. In order to enhance the assurance and buoyancy of the software products, certification models have been introduced and developed. From our previous experiences in certification exercises and case studies collaborating with several agencies in Malaysia, the requirements for user based software certification approach is identified and demanded. The emergence of social network applications, the new development approach such as agile method and other varieties of software in the market have led to the domination of users over the software. As software become more accessible to the public through internet applications, users are becoming more critical in the quality of the services provided by the software. There are several categories of users in web-based systems with different interests and perspectives. The classifications and metrics are identified through brain storming approach with includes researchers, users and experts in this area. The new paradigm in software quality assessment is the main focus in our research. This paper discusses the classifications of users in web-based software system assessment and their associated factors and metrics for quality measurement. The quality model is derived based on IEEE structure and FCM model. The developments are beneficial and valuable to overcome the constraints and improve the application of software certification model in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20certification%20model" title="software certification model">software certification model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20centric%20approach" title=" user centric approach"> user centric approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality%20factors" title=" software quality factors"> software quality factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metrics%20and%20measurements" title=" metrics and measurements"> metrics and measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-based%20system" title=" web-based system"> web-based system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7247/user-perceived-quality-factors-for-certification-model-of-web-based-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Quality Management System Audit and Its Impact on Company's Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redha%20Elhuni">Redha Elhuni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of Quality Management System (QMS) ISO/IEC 17025:2005 certification audit on company’s Performance. Libyan petroleum Institute has been certified ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for 8 years. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze the impact of that certification on its performance. Survey study has been done by distributing a questionnaire by handing it personally to qualified staff in the 15 accredited laboratories in the institute. The response rate was 66.6%. The statistical operations with the results of analytical study have been done to achieve the goal and objectives of the research. Finally, ISO/IEC 17025:2005 certification audit is found to have a positive effect on the institute’s performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auditing%20process" title="auditing process">auditing process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2FIEC%2017025%3A2005" title=" ISO/IEC 17025:2005"> ISO/IEC 17025:2005</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management%20system" title=" quality management system"> quality management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libyan%20petroleum%20institute" title=" Libyan petroleum institute"> Libyan petroleum institute</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38731/quality-management-system-audit-and-its-impact-on-companys-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Extraction of Forest Plantation Resources in Selected Forest of San Manuel, Pangasinan, Philippines Using LiDAR Data for Forest Status Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Joseph%20Quinto">Mark Joseph Quinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roan%20Beronilla"> Roan Beronilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guiller%20Damian"> Guiller Damian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eliza%20Camaso"> Eliza Camaso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronaldo%20Alberto"> Ronaldo Alberto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forest inventories are essential to assess the composition, structure and distribution of forest vegetation that can be used as baseline information for management decisions. Classical forest inventory is labor intensive and time-consuming and sometimes even dangerous. The use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) in forest inventory would improve and overcome these restrictions. This study was conducted to determine the possibility of using LiDAR derived data in extracting high accuracy forest biophysical parameters and as a non-destructive method for forest status analysis of San Manual, Pangasinan. Forest resources extraction was carried out using LAS tools, GIS, Envi and .bat scripts with the available LiDAR data. The process includes the generation of derivatives such as Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Canopy Height Model (CHM) and Canopy Cover Model (CCM) in .bat scripts followed by the generation of 17 composite bands to be used in the extraction of forest classification covers using ENVI 4.8 and GIS software. The Diameter in Breast Height (DBH), Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Carbon Stock (CS) were estimated for each classified forest cover and Tree Count Extraction was carried out using GIS. Subsequently, field validation was conducted for accuracy assessment. Results showed that the forest of San Manuel has 73% Forest Cover, which is relatively much higher as compared to the 10% canopy cover requirement. On the extracted canopy height, 80% of the tree’s height ranges from 12 m to 17 m. CS of the three forest covers based on the AGB were: 20819.59 kg/20x20 m for closed broadleaf, 8609.82 kg/20x20 m for broadleaf plantation and 15545.57 kg/20x20m for open broadleaf. Average tree counts for the tree forest plantation was 413 trees/ha. As such, the forest of San Manuel has high percent forest cover and high CS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20stock" title="carbon stock">carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20inventory" title=" forest inventory"> forest inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiDAR" title=" LiDAR"> LiDAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree%20count" title=" tree count"> tree count</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71998/extraction-of-forest-plantation-resources-in-selected-forest-of-san-manuel-pangasinan-philippines-using-lidar-data-for-forest-status-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> PRISM: An Analytical Tool for Forest Plan Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dung%20Nguyen">Dung Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Wei"> Yu Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Henderson"> Eric Henderson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analytical tools have been used for decades to assist in the development of forest plans. In 2016, a new decision support system, PRISM, was jointly developed by United States Forest Service (USFS) Northern Region and Colorado State University to support the forest planning process. Prism has a friendly user interface with functionality for database management, model development, data visualization, and sensitivity analysis. The software is tailored for USFS planning, but it is flexible enough to support planning efforts by other forestland owners and managers. Here, the core capability of PRISM and its applications in developing plans for several United States national forests are presented. The strengths of PRISM are also discussed to show its potential of being a preferable tool for managers and experts in the domain of forest management and planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support" title="decision support">decision support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20management" title=" forest management"> forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20plan" title=" forest plan"> forest plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphical%20user%20interface" title=" graphical user interface"> graphical user interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156720/prism-an-analytical-tool-for-forest-plan-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Moroccan Mountains: Forest Ecosystems and Biodiversity Conservation Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sghir%20Taleb">Mohammed Sghir Taleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forest ecosystems in Morocco are subject increasingly to natural and human pressures. Conscious of this problem, Morocco set a strategy that focuses on programs of <em>in-situ</em> and <em>ex-situ</em> biodiversity conservation. This study is the result of a synthesis of various existing studies on biodiversity and forest ecosystems. It gives an overview of Moroccan mountain forest ecosystems and flora diversity. It also focuses on the efforts made by Morocco to conserve and sustainably manage biodiversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountain" title="mountain">mountain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystems" title=" ecosystems"> ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35387/moroccan-mountains-forest-ecosystems-and-biodiversity-conservation-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Low Pricing Strategy of Forest Products in Community Forestry Program: Subsidy to the Forest Users or Loss of Economy?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laxuman%20Thakuri">Laxuman Thakuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community-based forest management is often glorified as one of the best forest management alternatives in the developing countries like Nepal. It is also believed that the transfer of forest management authorities to local communities is decisive to take efficient decisions, maximize the forest benefits and improve the people’s livelihood. The community forestry of Nepal also aims to maximize the forest benefits; share them among the user households and improve their livelihood. However, how the local communities fix the price of forest products and local pricing made by the forest user groups affects to equitable forest benefits-sharing among the user households and their livelihood improvement objectives, the answer is largely silent among the researchers and policy-makers alike. This study examines local pricing system of forest products in the lowland community forestry and its effects on equitable benefit-sharing and livelihood improvement objectives. The study discovered that forest user groups fixed the price of forest products based on three criteria: i) costs incur in harvesting, ii) office operation costs, and iii) livelihood improvement costs through community development and income generating activities. Since user households have heterogeneous socio-economic conditions, the forest user groups have been applied low pricing strategy even for high-value forest products that the access of socio-economically worse-off households can be increased. However, the results of forest products distribution showed that as a result of low pricing strategy the access of socio-economically better-off households has been increasing at higher rate than worse-off and an inequality situation has been created. Similarly, the low pricing strategy is also found defective to livelihood improvement objectives. The study suggests for revising the forest products pricing system in community forest management and reforming the community forestry policy as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forestry" title="community forestry">community forestry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20products%20pricing" title=" forest products pricing"> forest products pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equitable%20benefit-sharing" title=" equitable benefit-sharing"> equitable benefit-sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20improvement" title=" livelihood improvement"> livelihood improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal "> Nepal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37379/low-pricing-strategy-of-forest-products-in-community-forestry-program-subsidy-to-the-forest-users-or-loss-of-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Characteristics of Old-Growth and Secondary Forests in Relation to Age and Typhoon Disturbance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teng-Chiu%20Lin">Teng-Chiu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Jen%20Lee%20Shaner"> Pei-Jen Lee Shaner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin-Yu%20Lin"> Shin-Yu Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both forest age and physical damages due to weather events such as tropical cyclones can influence forest characteristics and subsequently its capacity to sequester carbon. Detangling these influences is therefore a pressing issue under climate change. In this study, we compared the compositional and structural characteristics of three forests in Taiwan differing in age and severity of typhoon disturbances. We found that the two forests (one old-growth forest and one secondary forest) experiencing more severe typhoon disturbances had shorter stature, higher wood density, higher tree species diversity, and lower typhoon-induced tree mortality than the other secondary forest experiencing less severe typhoon disturbances. On the other hand, the old-growth forest had a larger amount of woody debris than the two secondary forests, suggesting a dominant role of forest age on woody debris accumulation. Of the three forests, only the two experiencing more severe typhoon disturbances formed new gaps following two 2015 typhoons, and between these two forests, the secondary forest gained more gaps than the old-growth forest. Consider that older forests generally have more gaps due to a higher background tree mortality, our findings suggest that the age effects on gap dynamics may be reversed by typhoon disturbances. This study demonstrated the effects of typhoons on forest characteristics, some of which could negate the age effects and rejuvenate older forests. If cyclone disturbances were to intensity under climate change, the capacity of older forests to sequester carbon may be reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=typhoon" title="typhoon">typhoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canpy%20gap" title=" canpy gap"> canpy gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris" title=" coarse woody debris"> coarse woody debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20stature" title=" forest stature"> forest stature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20age" title=" forest age"> forest age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55429/characteristics-of-old-growth-and-secondary-forests-in-relation-to-age-and-typhoon-disturbance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Individual Investors’ Judgment on Investment Risk: Experimental Evidence from China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huayun%20Zhai">Huayun Zhai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quan%20Hu"> Quan Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Chih%20Chiang"> Wei-Chih Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianjun%20Du"> Jianjun Du</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By applying experimental methodology in the framework of the behavior-perception theory, this paper studies the relationship between information quality of corporates’ social responsibility (CSR) and individual investors’ risk perception, intermediated with individual investors’ perception on CSR. The findings are as follows: In general, the information quality of CSR significantly influences individual investors’ perception on investment risks. Furthermore, certification on CSR can help reinforce such perceptions. The higher the reporting quality of CSR is, accompanied by the certification by an independent third party, the more likely individual investors recognize the responsibilities. The research also found that the perception on CSR not only plays a role of intermediation between information quality about CSR and investors’ perception on investment risk but also intermediates the certification of CSR reports and individual investors’ judgment on investment risks. The main contributions of the research are in two folds. The first is that it supplements the research on CSR from the perspective of investors’ perceptions. The second is that the research provides theoretical and experimental evidence for enterprises to implement and improve reports on their social responsibilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20quality" title="information quality">information quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title=" corporate social responsibility"> corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=report%20certification" title=" report certification"> report certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20investors%E2%80%99%20perception%20on%20risk" title=" individual investors’ perception on risk"> individual investors’ perception on risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20of%20corporate%20social%20responsibility" title=" perception of corporate social responsibility"> perception of corporate social responsibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175593/effects-of-corporate-social-responsibility-on-individual-investors-judgment-on-investment-risk-experimental-evidence-from-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Geographic Information System Applications in Prioritizing Karlahi Forest Reserve Area for Conservation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Hyellamada%20Jerry">Samuel Hyellamada Jerry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focused on assessing conservation priorities within the Karlahi Forest Reserve of Fufore Local Government in Adamawa State. The main objective was to identify specific areas within the forest reserve that require immediate conservation attention. The research employed remote sensing and GIS techniques to achieve this goal. By overlaying the IDRIS Silva module results, a spatial distribution map was generated, highlighting the cumulative priority areas within and outside the forest. Among the total vegetated area of 26.38 km² in the Karlahi Forest Reserve, the analysis revealed that 16.16 km² were classified as high-priority conservation zones. Additionally, 4.59 km² and 5.63 km² were identified as medium and low-priority areas, respectively. In light of these findings, it is recommended that conservation efforts incorporate detailed land cover information and regular assessments of species diversity. Furthermore, strict adherence to national and state policies regarding forest reserves and parks is crucial for effective conservation management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority" title="priority">priority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karlahi" title=" Karlahi"> Karlahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reserve" title=" reserve"> reserve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDRISI%20Silva" title=" IDRISI Silva"> IDRISI Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20diversity" title=" species diversity"> species diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178549/geographic-information-system-applications-in-prioritizing-karlahi-forest-reserve-area-for-conservation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20certification&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20certification&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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