CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Arrack - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"26298c0b-e1cd-42f9-bc58-1e7a2b19f59d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Arrack","wgTitle":"Arrack","wgCurRevisionId":1252899678,"wgRevisionId":1252899678,"wgArticleId":1848091,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: missing periodical","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use shortened footnotes from May 2023","Articles with hRecipes","Articles with hProducts","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Distilled drinks", "Sri Lankan distilled drinks","Indonesian distilled drinks","Filipino distilled drinks","Saint Helenian distilled drinks","Swedish distilled drinks","Indian distilled drinks","Sugar industry of Sri Lanka"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Arrack","wgRelevantArticleId":1848091,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1458114","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init" :"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Bottlesofarrack.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1788"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Bottlesofarrack.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1192"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="953"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Arrack - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Arrack rootpage-Arrack skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Arrack" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Arrack" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Arrack" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Arrack" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrack_in_different_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrack_in_different_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Arrack in different countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arrack_in_different_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arrack in different countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arrack_in_different_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia_(Batavia)_arrack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia_(Batavia)_arrack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Indonesia (Batavia) arrack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia_(Batavia)_arrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Methanol_poisoning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methanol_poisoning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Methanol poisoning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methanol_poisoning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka_(Ceylon)_arrack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka_(Ceylon)_arrack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sri Lanka (Ceylon) arrack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka_(Ceylon)_arrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Production types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Producers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St_Helena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St_Helena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>St Helena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St_Helena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden_and_Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden_and_Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Sweden and Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden_and_Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cited works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arrack</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arak" title="Arak – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Arak" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arrack" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arrack" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lambanog" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arrack" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrak" title="Arrak – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arrak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrak" title="Arrak – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arrak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="ارک (نوشیدنی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارک (نوشیدنی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arrack" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BD" title="아락 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아락" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arak_(minuman_keras)" title="Arak (minuman keras) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arak (minuman keras)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrak" title="Arrak – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arrak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arrack" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Аррак – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аррак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ചാരായം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചാരായം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82_(%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="عرق (خمور) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عرق (خمور)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arak_(Verre_Oosten)" title="Arak (Verre Oosten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arak (Verre Oosten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamban%C3%B3g" title="Lambanóg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lambanóg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arrack" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94" title="අරක්කු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අරක්කු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrakki" title="Arrakki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arrakki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrak" title="Arrak – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arrak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சாராயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாராயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="อาร์แร็ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์แร็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Аррак – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аррак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%80%9D%E9%85%92" title="亞瀝酒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞瀝酒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="亞拉克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亞拉克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1458114#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Arrack" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arrack"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arrack"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Arrack" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Arrack" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&oldid=1252899678" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Arrack&id=1252899678&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArrack"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArrack"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Arrack&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arrack" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1458114" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">South and Southeast Asian alcoholic drink</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Levantine unsweetened distilled spirit, see <a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak (drink)</a>. For the date-liquor distilled illegally in Sudan, see <a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi (drink)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient">Arrack</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottlesofarrack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bottlesofarrack.jpg/200px-Bottlesofarrack.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bottlesofarrack.jpg/300px-Bottlesofarrack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bottlesofarrack.jpg/400px-Bottlesofarrack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Two kinds of Arrack from <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Alcoholic drink</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">Alcohol by volume</a> </span></th><td class="infobox-data">33–50%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_proof" title="Alcohol proof">Proof (US)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">66–100°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Golden brown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">Fermented</a> <a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">coconut sugar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arrack</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distilled</a> <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic drink</a> typically produced in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, made from the <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a> sap of coconut flowers or <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, and also with grain (e.g. red rice) or <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> depending upon the country of origin. It is sometimes spelled <b>arak</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobbin199654_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobbin199654-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply referred to as 'rack or 'rak.<sup id="cite_ref-abbott1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abbott1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>-flavored <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">distilled spirit</a> called <a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">arak</a> or araq. In many parts of India arrack is colloquially known as "desi daru". </p><p>There are two primary styles of arrack that are very different from one another:<sup id="cite_ref-mixology1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixology1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Batavia arrack</i> is often clear in color but has a flavor profile more similar to dark rum, with a distinctive "funk" or "hogo" imparted to it from fermented red rice. Sri Lankan (Ceylon) arrack, by contrast, is a more refined and subtle spirit. It has hints of cognac and rum character and a wealth of delicate floral notes. Both styles are also made "in house" by local citizenry and can be more akin to <a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">moonshine</a> in their presentation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> reports Indians made a beverage from rice which is known as arak.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arrack predates all "New World" spirits, as it is a parent to <a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">aguardiente</a> (which was, in turn, the parent of <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>, rhum agricole, and ron).<sup id="cite_ref-mixology1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixology1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genoese merchants made the spirit as a byproduct of their sugar cane production in the Canary Islands. Besides making sugar, they produced arrack instead of importing it for their growing list of customers. Other early arrack was distilled from molasses and water, using dried cakes of red rice and botanicals that contain yeast and other fungi to trigger the fermentation process (this technique can be traced back thousands of years to China and even predates the birth of distillation).<sup id="cite_ref-mixology1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixology1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also claimed to have been distilled in India in 800 BC, but while <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm wine</a> and fermented sugar-cane drinks were being made around this time period not all believe that formal distillation was taking place.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside Asia, the spirit was a common ingredient in the proliferation of Indian alcoholic <a href="/wiki/Punch_(drink)" title="Punch (drink)">punch</a>, and was particularly popular in Holland and Sweden. It was the first distilled spirit consumed in the continental US, in the colonies of New Sweden and New Netherland,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is now mostly confused with the more common and similar spelled anise-flavored spirit <a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">arak</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="polysemy"></span>Regardless of the exact origin, arrack has come to symbolize a multitude of largely unrelated, distilled alcohols produced throughout <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and the eastern Mediterranean. This is largely due to the proliferation of distillation knowledge throughout the Middle East during the 14th century. Each country named its own alcohol by using various <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> forms of the same word which was synonymous with distillation at the time (<i>arak, araka, araki, ariki, arrack, arack, raki, raque, racque, rac, rak</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopez1990109_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELopez1990109-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1864 <a href="/wiki/The_English_and_Australian_Cookery_Book" title="The English and Australian Cookery Book">English and Australian Cookery Book</a> described arrack as "a spirituous liquor from the East Indies. This term, or its corruption, rack, is applied to any spirituous liquor in the East. The true arrack is said to be distilled from <i>toddy</i>, the fermented juice of the coconut flower. It is however, frequently distilled from rice and sugar, fermented with the cocoa-nut juice."<sup id="cite_ref-abbott1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abbott1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrack_in_different_countries">Arrack in different countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrack in different countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arrack was banned in the states of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> on 1 July 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_%27Arak_(likeur)-stokerij_Maatschappij_%27Aparak%27_Batavia%27_TMnr_10014126.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_%27Arak_%28likeur%29-stokerij_Maatschappij_%27Aparak%27_Batavia%27_TMnr_10014126.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_%27Arak_%28likeur%29-stokerij_Maatschappij_%27Aparak%27_Batavia%27_TMnr_10014126.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_%27Arak_%28likeur%29-stokerij_Maatschappij_%27Aparak%27_Batavia%27_TMnr_10014126.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_%27Arak_%28likeur%29-stokerij_Maatschappij_%27Aparak%27_Batavia%27_TMnr_10014126.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_%27Arak_%28likeur%29-stokerij_Maatschappij_%27Aparak%27_Batavia%27_TMnr_10014126.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_%27Arak_%28likeur%29-stokerij_Maatschappij_%27Aparak%27_Batavia%27_TMnr_10014126.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Batavian arrack factory "Aparak" in 1948</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia_(Batavia)_arrack"><span id="Indonesia_.28Batavia.29_arrack"></span>Indonesia (Batavia) arrack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Indonesia (Batavia) arrack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within Indonesia itself, the term <i>arak</i> is still widely used to describe arrack. Arak (or rice wine) was a popular alcoholic beverage during the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrillees201582_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrillees201582-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered the "rum" of Indonesia because, like rum, it is distilled from sugarcane. It is a <a href="/wiki/Pot_still" title="Pot still">pot still</a> distillation. To start the fermentation, local fermented <a href="/wiki/Red_rice" title="Red rice">red rice</a> is combined with local <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> to give a unique <a href="/wiki/Flavoring" title="Flavoring">flavor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">smell</a> of the distillate. It is distilled to approx. 70% ABV. Like rum, Batavia-arrack is often a blend of different original parcels. </p><p>One of the longest established arrack companies in Indonesia is the Batavia Arak Company (Dutch <i>Batavia-Arak Maatschappij</i>), which was already in business by 1872, became a limited liability company in 1901, and was still operating in the early 1950s. The Batavia Arak Company also exported arack to the Netherlands and had an office in Amsterdam. Some of the arrack brand produced by Batavia Arak Company were KWT (produced in the Bandengan (Kampung Baru) area of <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tua_Jakarta" title="Kota Tua Jakarta">old Jakarta</a>) and OGL.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrillees201582_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrillees201582-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still commonly available in Northern Europe and Southern Asia, Batavia-arrack can be difficult to find in the United States. <i>Batavia-Arrack van Oosten</i> is a more recently available brand.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Batavia-arrack is said to enhance flavor when used as a component in other products, such as <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastries</a> (like the <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> <a href="/wiki/Runeberg_torte" title="Runeberg torte">Runeberg torte</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Dresdner Stollen</a>), or in the <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a> and flavor industries. It is used in herbal and bitter liqueurs, and as a component in alcoholic punches (such as <a href="/wiki/Punsch" title="Punsch">punsch</a>, regent punch,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> royal punch,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and black tea-port milk punch<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Its use in punch was noted by early American bartender Jerry Thomas: "Most of the arrack imported into this country is distilled from rice, and comes from Batavia. It is but little used in America, except to flavor punch; the taste of it is very agreeable in this mixture. Arrack improves very much with age. It is much used in some parts of India, where it is distilled from toddy, the juice of the coconut tree".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Indonesia, arrack is often created as a form of <a href="/wiki/Moonshine#Indonesia" title="Moonshine">moonshine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Methanol_poisoning">Methanol poisoning</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Methanol poisoning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indonesian arak containing methanol has caused both local and tourist deaths from <a href="/wiki/Methanol_toxicity" title="Methanol toxicity">methanol toxicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arak plays a socially and culturally important role in Balinese society, where it is often diluted with water, shared with friends, or drunk in small quantities during religious ceremonies. However, with the growth of tourism, the need for cheap alcohol, and increases in alcohol import taxes and regulations, arak became the spirit of choice for many mixed drinks in bars. With the growth in arak production and popularity, more deaths from methanol poisoning were reported. Arak is usually sold on the black market, without regulation, where methanol is sometimes left in the arak due to incorrect distilling methods, where insufficient heat is used to burn off the methanol component.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tuba (wine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:560px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambanog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Lambanog.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="560" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Left:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">bahalina</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Philippine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine">Philippine</a> <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm wine</a>;<br /><b>Right</b>: bubblegum-flavored <i><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">lambanog</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm</a> <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">liquor</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (August 2020)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div></div></div></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> term for distilled and undistilled alcoholic drinks in general is <i>alak</i>, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word <i>ʿaraq</i>. The term <i>arak</i>, though, is specifically used in <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>. They can be derived from palm sap (notably <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa palm">nipa palm</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaong palm">kaong palm</a>), sugarcane, or rice. Native alcohol that are traditionally distilled include <a href="/wiki/Lamban%C3%B3g" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambanóg">lambanóg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">laksoy</a>, which are made from the sap of palm flowers. The sap is harvested into bamboo receptacles similar to <a href="/wiki/Rubber_tapping" title="Rubber tapping">rubber tapping</a>, then cooked or fermented to produce a mildly-alcoholic <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">coconut toddy</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">tubâ</a></i>. The <i>tubà</i>, which by itself is also a popular beverage, is further distilled to produce <a href="/wiki/Lamban%C3%B3g" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambanóg">lambanóg</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">laksoy</a>, if made from nipa palm sap).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fenix_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenix-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Demetrio_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demetrio-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Italian explorer <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a> stated that the arrack that he drank in <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> and nearby islands in 1521 was made from distilled rice wine.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he was likely referring to <i><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">pangasi</a></i>, a rice wine which is not distilled.<sup id="cite_ref-Demetrio_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demetrio-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka_(Ceylon)_arrack"><span id="Sri_Lanka_.28Ceylon.29_arrack"></span>Sri Lanka (Ceylon) arrack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka (Ceylon) arrack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RCA_bottle_shot.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RCA_bottle_shot.jpeg/150px-RCA_bottle_shot.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/RCA_bottle_shot.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>"Ceylon Arrack"</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> is the largest producer of coconut arrack and up until 1992 the government played a significant role in its production.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other than water, the entire manufacturing process revolves around the fermentation and distillation of a single ingredient, the sap of unopened flowers from a coconut palm <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">(<i>Cocos nucifera</i>)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each morning at dawn, men known as <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">toddy tappers</a> move among the tops of coconut trees using connecting ropes not unlike tightropes. A single tree may contribute up to two litres per day. </p><p>Due to its concentrated sugar and <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> content, the captured liquid naturally and immediately ferments into a mildly alcoholic drink called "<a href="/wiki/Palm_toddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm toddy">toddy</a>", <i>tuak</i>, or occasionally "<a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm wine</a>". Within a few hours after collection, the toddy is poured into large wooden vats, called "wash backs", made from the wood of <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a> or <a href="/wiki/Berrya_cordifolia" title="Berrya cordifolia">Berrya cordifolia</a>. The natural fermentation process is allowed to continue in the washbacks until the alcohol content reaches 5-7% and deemed ready for distillation. </p><p>Distillation is generally a two-step process involving either <a href="/wiki/Pot_still" title="Pot still">pot stills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Column_still" title="Column still">continuous stills</a>, or a combination of both. The first step results in "low wine", a liquid with an alcohol content between 20 and 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second step results in the final distillate with an alcohol content of 60 to 90%. It is generally diluted to between 33% and 50% alcohol by volume (ABV) or 66 to 100 <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic proof">proof</a>. The entire distillation process is completed within 24 hours. Various blends of coconut arrack diverge in processing, yet the extracted spirit may also be sold raw, repeatedly distilled or filtered, or transferred back into halmilla vats for maturing up to fifteen years, depending on flavour, colour and fragrance requirements. </p><p>Premium blends of arrack add no other ingredients, while the inexpensive and common blends are mixed with <a href="/wiki/Neutral_grain_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral grain spirit">neutral spirits</a> before bottling. Most people describe the taste as resembling "...a blend between <a href="/wiki/Whiskey" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiskey">whiskey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>", similar, but distinctively different at the same time. </p><p>Coconut arrack is traditionally consumed by itself or with <a href="/wiki/Ginger_beer" title="Ginger beer">ginger beer</a>, a popular soda in Sri Lanka. It also may be mixed in <a href="/wiki/Cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocktails">cocktails</a> as a substitute for the required portions of either rum or whiskey. Arrack is often combined with popular mixers such as <a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonated_water" title="Carbonated water">soda water</a>, and lime juice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Production_types">Production types</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Production types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Alcohol and Drug Information Centre's 2008 report on alcohol in Sri Lanka, the types of arrack are:<sup id="cite_ref-adicsrilanka.org_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adicsrilanka.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Special arrack, which is produced in the highest volume, nearly doubling in production between 2002 and 2007.</li> <li>Molasses arrack is the least-processed kind and considered the common kind.<sup id="cite_ref-adicsrilanka.org_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adicsrilanka.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, as a whole, arrack is the most popular local alcoholic beverage consumed in Sri Lanka and produced as a wide variety of brands that fit into the following three categories:</li> <li>Premium aged, after distillation, is aged in halmilla vats for up to fifteen years to mature and mellow the raw spirit before blending. Premium brands include Ceylon Arrack, VSOA, VX, Vat9, Old Reserve and Extra Special.</li> <li>Premium clear is generally not aged, but often distilled and/or filtered multiple times to soften its taste. Premium clear brands include Double Distilled and Blue Label.</li> <li>Common is blended with other alcohols produced from molasses or mixed with neutral spirits as filler.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Producers">Producers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Producers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sri Lanka's largest manufacturers, listed in order based on their 2019 annual production of arrack,<sup id="cite_ref-adicsrilanka.org_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adicsrilanka.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are: </p> <ul><li>DCSL (<a href="/wiki/Distilleries_Company_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Distilleries Company of Sri Lanka">Distilleries Company of Sri Lanka</a>), 16.44 million litres</li> <li>IDL (International Distilleries Ltd), 1.61 million litres</li> <li>Rockland Distilleries (Pvt) Ltd, 1.18 million litres</li> <li>Acme Lanka Ltd, 0.92 million litres</li></ul> <p>Ceylon Arrack, a brand of Sri Lankan coconut arrack, was recently launched in the UK in 2010. It is also available in France and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White Lion VSOA entered the American market soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Lion_VSOA_Coconut_Arrack.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/White_Lion_VSOA_Coconut_Arrack.png/110px-White_Lion_VSOA_Coconut_Arrack.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/White_Lion_VSOA_Coconut_Arrack.png/165px-White_Lion_VSOA_Coconut_Arrack.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/White_Lion_VSOA_Coconut_Arrack.png/220px-White_Lion_VSOA_Coconut_Arrack.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Coconut arrack for export</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St_Helena">St Helena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: St Helena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically arrack has been a common beverage on the island of <a href="/wiki/St_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="St Helena">St Helena</a>, distilled from potatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is likely due to influences of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, which controlled St Helena and used it as a halfway point between India and England.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden_and_Finland">Sweden and Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sweden and Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Sweden and Finland, Batavia-arrack has historically been mixed with other ingredients in order to make Swedish <a href="/wiki/Punsch" title="Punsch">punsch</a> (now available in prepackaged bottles). The alcohol content is normally not over 25%, although it has a high sugar content of nearly 30%. The original recipe was a mixture of arrack with water, sugar, lemon, and tea and/or spices (chiefly nutmeg).<sup id="cite_ref-mixology1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixology1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today punsch is drunk warm (in Sweden) or cold (in Finland) as an accompaniment to yellow split pea soup (in Sweden) or green split pea soup (in Finland), or chilled as an after dinner drink accompanied with coffee (especially during <a href="/wiki/Gask" title="Gask">dinner parties</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nations_in_Swedish_universities" title="Nations in Swedish universities">student nations</a>). It is used as a flavouring in several types pastries and sweets as well. The name arrak is still retained for some pastries, for example <i><a href="/wiki/Arraksboll" class="mw-redirect" title="Arraksboll">arraksboll</a></i>, whereas punsch is used for things like <i><a href="/wiki/Punsch-roll" title="Punsch-roll">punschrulle</a></i>. In Finland, arrack (or <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>) usually serves as one of the ingredients in the making one of the Finnish traditional <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Runeberg_torte" title="Runeberg torte">Runeberg tortes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word <i><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">arak</a></i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:عرق">عرق</a>, <i>ʿaraq</i>), meaning 'distillate'. In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>, the term <i>arak</i> is usually used for liquor distilled from <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> and flavored with <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>. </p><p>Unlike arak, the word arrack has been considered by some experts to be derived from <i><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></i>, a palm seed originating in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Areca" title="Areca">areca tree</a> and used as the basis for many varieties of arrack. In 1838, Samuel Morewood's work on the histories of liquors was published. On the topic of arrack, he said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The word arrack is decided by philologers to be of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> origin; and should the conjecture be correct, that it is derived from the areca-nut, or the arrack-tree, as <a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Kaempfer" title="Engelbert Kaempfer">Kaempfer</a> calls it, it is clear, that as a spirit was extracted from that fruit, the name was given to all liquors having similar intoxicating effects. The term arrack being common in eastern countries where the arts of civilized life have been so early cultivated, it is more reasonable to suppose that the Tartars received this word through their eastern connections with the Chinese, or other oriental nations, than to attribute it to a derivation foreign to their language, or as a generic term of their own. The great source of all Indian literature, and the parent of almost every oriental dialect, is the Sanskrit, a language of the most venerable and unfathomable antiquity, though now confined to the libraries of the Brahmins, and solely appropriated to religious laws and records. Mr. Halhed, in the preface to his Grammar of the Bengal language, says, that he was astonished to find a strong similitude between the Persian, Arabian, and even the Latin and Greek languages, not merely in technical and metaphorical terms, which the mutation of refined arts or improved manners might have incidentally introduced, but in the very groundwork of language in monosyllables in the names of numbers, and the appellations which would be first employed on the immediate dawn of civilisation. Telinga is a dialect of the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, in which the word <i>areca</i> is found, it is used by the <a href="/wiki/Brahmins" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmins">Brahmins</a> in writing Sanskrit, and since to the latter all the other tongues of India are more or less indebted, the term areca, or arrack, may be fairly traced through the different languages of the East, so that the general use and application of this word in Asiatic countries cannot appear strange. To these considerations may be added, that in Malabar the tree which yields the material from which this oriental beverage is produced is termed <a href="/wiki/Areca" title="Areca">areca</a>, and, among the <a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Calmucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kirghizes</a>, and other hordes, koumiss, in its ardent state, is known by the general term, "Arrack or Rak." Klaproth says that the <a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a>, (anciently Alans,) a Caucasian people, applied the word " Arak" to denote all distilled liquors, a decided confirmation of the foregoing observations and opinions.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urrak" title="Urrak">Urrak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian beverages">List of Indonesian beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobbin199654-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobbin199654_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDobbin1996">Dobbin 1996</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abbott1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abbott1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abbott1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbbott1864" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Edward (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b21505524"><i>The English and Australian Cookery Book</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+and+Australian+Cookery+Book&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb21505524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mixology1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mixology1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mixology1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mixology1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mixology1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120043320/https://mixology.eu/en/drinks-en/lost-ingredients-arrack/">"Lost Ingredients: Arrack"</a>. <i>Mixology</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mixology.eu/en/drinks-en/lost-ingredients-arrack/">the original</a> on 20 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mixology&rft.atitle=Lost+Ingredients%3A+Arrack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmixology.eu%2Fen%2Fdrinks-en%2Flost-ingredients-arrack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReddy" class="citation journal cs1">Reddy, Anjana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/20135170">"Archaeology of Indo-Gulf Relations in the Early Historic Period: The Ceramic Evidence, in H.P Ray (ed.) 'Bridging the Gulf: Maritime Cultural Heritage of the Western Indian Ocean', Manohar Publishers, New Delhi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Archaeology+of+Indo-Gulf+Relations+in+the+Early+Historic+Period%3A+The+Ceramic+Evidence%2C+in+H.P+Ray+%28ed.%29+%27Bridging+the+Gulf%3A+Maritime+Cultural+Heritage+of+the+Western+Indian+Ocean%27%2C+Manohar+Publishers%2C+New+Delhi&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Anjana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F20135170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroom1998" class="citation book cs1">Broom, Dave (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritscocktails0000broo"><i>Spirits</i></a></span>. Carlton Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritscocktails0000broo/page/179">179</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85868-485-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85868-485-4"><bdi>1-85868-485-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spirits&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Carlton+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85868-485-4&rft.aulast=Broom&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspiritscocktails0000broo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Midland Druggist & Pharmaceutical Review</i>. Columbus, OH: Midland Publish Company. Feb 1909. p. 193.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midland+Druggist+%26+Pharmaceutical+Review&rft.place=Columbus%2C+OH&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Midland+Publish+Company&rft.date=1909-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELopez1990109-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopez1990109_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLopez1990">Lopez 1990</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222173037/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/arrack-ban-to-stay-in-kerala/35998-3.html">Arrack ban to stay in Kerala</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150121085125/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-06-30/news/28461641_1_arrack-karnataka-imfl">Arrack ban in Karnataka from tomorrow – Economic Times</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanherald.com/content/332487/siddu-wants-cheap-safe-liquor.html">Siddu wants cheap, safe liquor for poor</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrillees201582-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrillees201582_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrillees201582_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMerrillees2015">Merrillees 2015</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alpenz.com/product-batavia.html">"Batavia-Arrack van Oosten"</a>. <i>alpenz.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alpenz.com&rft.atitle=Batavia-Arrack+van+Oosten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falpenz.com%2Fproduct-batavia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrohusko1910" class="citation book cs1">Grohusko, Jacob (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jacksmanualonvin00groh"><i>Jack's Manual</i></a>. NY: McClunn & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jacksmanualonvin00groh/page/66">66</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jack%27s+Manual&rft.place=NY&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=McClunn+%26+Co.&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Grohusko&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjacksmanualonvin00groh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahoney1912" class="citation book cs1">Mahoney, Charles (1912). <i>Hoffman House Bartenders Guide</i>. Franklin Square, NY: Richard Fox Publishing. p. 180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoffman+House+Bartenders+Guide&rft.place=Franklin+Square%2C+NY&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Richard+Fox+Publishing&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/black-tea-port-milk-punch">"Black Tea-Port Milk Punch"</a>. <i>splendidtable.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=splendidtable.org&rft.atitle=Black+Tea-Port+Milk+Punch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splendidtable.org%2Frecipes%2Fblack-tea-port-milk-punch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1862" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Jerry (1862). <i>Bartender's Guide</i>. New York: Dic & Fitzgerald. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bartender%27s+Guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Dic+%26+Fitzgerald&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/the-aussie-tourist-hot-spot-where-poisoning-deaths-are-a-very-real-risk/news-story/14bc53b9c3838d41317894ecdaf9c0a4">"Vodka and lime killed a 19-year-old Aussie. His death was so avoidable"</a>. <i>NewsComAu</i>. 2016-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NewsComAu&rft.atitle=Vodka+and+lime+killed+a+19-year-old+Aussie.+His+death+was+so+avoidable&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Ftravel%2Ftravel-updates%2Fincidents%2Fthe-aussie-tourist-hot-spot-where-poisoning-deaths-are-a-very-real-risk%2Fnews-story%2F14bc53b9c3838d41317894ecdaf9c0a4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/family-blames-local-drink-for-teachers-holiday-death-28903864.html">"Family blames local drink for teacher's holiday death"</a>. <i>independent</i>. 21 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=independent&rft.atitle=Family+blames+local+drink+for+teacher%27s+holiday+death&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Ffamily-blames-local-drink-for-teachers-holiday-death-28903864.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2011/10/12/3337722.htm">"Poisoned nurse back home in Newcastle - ABC (none) - Australian Broadcasting Corporation"</a>. <i>www.abc.net.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abc.net.au&rft.atitle=Poisoned+nurse+back+home+in+Newcastle+-+ABC+%28none%29+-+Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flocal%2Fstories%2F2011%2F10%2F12%2F3337722.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8079531.stm">"More alcohol deaths in Indonesia"</a>. 2009-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+alcohol+deaths+in+Indonesia&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8079531.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insideindonesia.org/more-than-a-fatal-attraction">"More than a fatal attraction"</a>. <i>Inside Indonesia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Indonesia&rft.atitle=More+than+a+fatal+attraction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideindonesia.org%2Fmore-than-a-fatal-attraction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1990" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, William Henry (1990). "Sixteenth-Century Visayan Food and Farming". <i>Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 291–311. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792029">29792029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Quarterly+of+Culture+and+Society&rft.atitle=Sixteenth-Century+Visayan+Food+and+Farming&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=291-311&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29792029%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenix-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenix_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenix" class="citation news cs1">Fenix, Micky. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/111489/filipinos-are-the-worlds-biggest-consumers-of-gin-but/">"Filipinos are the world's biggest consumers of gin, but..."</a> <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Filipinos+are+the+world%27s+biggest+consumers+of+gin%2C+but...&rft.aulast=Fenix&rft.aufirst=Micky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifestyle.inquirer.net%2F111489%2Ffilipinos-are-the-worlds-biggest-consumers-of-gin-but%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demetrio-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Demetrio_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Demetrio_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemetrio2012" class="citation journal cs1">Demetrio, Feorillo Petronilo A. III (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=8021">"Colonization and Alcoholic Beverages of Early Visayans from Samar and Leyte"</a>. <i>Malay</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 1–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malay&rft.atitle=Colonization+and+Alcoholic+Beverages+of+Early+Visayans+from+Samar+and+Leyte&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Demetrio&rft.aufirst=Feorillo+Petronilo+A.+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejournals.ph%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D8021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/42884/42884-h/42884-h.htm">The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898 (Volume XXXIII, 1519–1522)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.island.lk/2005/11/06/business13.html">"Distilleries Company - 'One of the World's Greatest Privatisation Stories'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Island_(Sri_Lanka)" title="The Island (Sri Lanka)">The Island</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Island&rft.atitle=Distilleries+Company+-+%27One+of+the+World%27s+Greatest+Privatisation+Stories%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.island.lk%2F2005%2F11%2F06%2Fbusiness13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thinkworth.wordpress.com/2014/02/03/sls-sin-industry-and-sin-tax/">SL's Sin Industry and Sin Tax</a>, W. A. Wijewardena Daily Ft ThinkWorth, Accessed 2015-10-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunawardena2005" class="citation book cs1">Gunawardena, Charles A. (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of Sri Lanka</i>. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932705-48-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932705-48-5"><bdi>978-1-932705-48-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-932705-48-5&rft.aulast=Gunawardena&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceylontease.blogspot.com/2010/07/arrack-for-dummys.html">"Arrack for Dummy's"</a>. 22 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arrack+for+Dummy%27s&rft.date=2010-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceylontease.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F07%2Farrack-for-dummys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adicsrilanka.org-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adicsrilanka.org_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adicsrilanka.org_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adicsrilanka.org_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finespirits.my/a-sip-into-sri-lankas-spirited-realm-unveiling-the-alcohol-industrys-evolution-2019-2021/">"A Sip into Sri Lanka's Spirited Realm: Unveiling the Alcohol Industry's Evolution (2019-2021)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Sip+into+Sri+Lanka%27s+Spirited+Realm%3A+Unveiling+the+Alcohol+Industry%27s+Evolution+%282019-2021%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finespirits.my%2Fa-sip-into-sri-lankas-spirited-realm-unveiling-the-alcohol-industrys-evolution-2019-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceylonarrack.com/main.html">Ceylon Arrack Bottled in UK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327073230/http://www.ceylonarrack.com/main.html">Archived</a> March 27, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 18 September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604124819/http://www.oldarrack.com/Buy-Old-Arrack-in-US.php">"Arrack coming soon to US"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldarrack.com/Buy-Old-Arrack-in-US.php">the original</a> on 4 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arrack+coming+soon+to+US&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldarrack.com%2FBuy-Old-Arrack-in-US.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronk,_Quentin_C._B.2000" class="citation book cs1">Cronk, Quentin C. B. (2000). <i>The Endemic Flora of St Helena</i>. A. Nelson. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904614-35-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904614-35-0"><bdi>978-0-904614-35-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Endemic+Flora+of+St+Helena&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=A.+Nelson&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-904614-35-0&rft.au=Cronk%2C+Quentin+C.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke,_Thomas_H.1808" class="citation book cs1">Brooke, Thomas H. (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryislands00broogoog"><i>A History of the Island of St. Helena: From its Discovery by the Portuguese to the Year 1806</i></a>. Black, Parry and Kingsbury. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryislands00broogoog/page/n189">167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Island+of+St.+Helena%3A+From+its+Discovery+by+the+Portuguese+to+the+Year+1806&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Black%2C+Parry+and+Kingsbury&rft.date=1808&rft.au=Brooke%2C+Thomas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistoryislands00broogoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morewood, Samuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inventionscustom00morerich">A philosophical and statistical history of the inventions and customs of ancient and modern nations in the manufacture and use of inebriating liquors</a>, W. Curry, jun. and company, and W. Carson, 1834, p140.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Arrack"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Arrack">"Arrack" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 642.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arrack&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=642&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span> This describes different forms of arrack as understood at the time, and cites H. H. Mann, <i>The Analyst</i> (1904).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cited_works">Cited works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrack&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cited works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobbin1996" class="citation book cs1">Dobbin, Christine E. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kFS0Y54oi_gC&pg=PA54"><i>Asian entrepreneurial minorities: conjoint communities in the making of the world-economy 1570-1940</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0404-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0404-0"><bdi>978-0-7007-0404-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+entrepreneurial+minorities%3A+conjoint+communities+in+the+making+of+the+world-economy+1570-1940&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-0404-0&rft.aulast=Dobbin&rft.aufirst=Christine+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkFS0Y54oi_gC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez1990" class="citation book cs1">Lopez, Robert S. (1990). <i>Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World</i>. United States: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12357-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12357-0"><bdi>978-0-231-12357-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Trade+in+the+Mediterranean+World&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12357-0&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrillees2015" class="citation book cs1">Merrillees, Scott (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=akLWjgEACAAJ&q=JAKARTA:+Portraits+of+a+Capital+1950-1980"><i>Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950-1980</i></a>. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-602-8397-30-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-602-8397-30-8"><bdi>978-602-8397-30-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jakarta%3A+Portraits+of+a+Capital+1950-1980&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-602-8397-30-8&rft.aulast=Merrillees&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DakLWjgEACAAJ%26q%3DJAKARTA%3A%2BPortraits%2Bof%2Ba%2BCapital%2B1950-1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArrack" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcohol_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcohol_in_India" title="Template:Alcohol in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcohol_in_India" title="Template talk:Alcohol in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Alcohol in India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine#History" title="Indian wine">Madira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>History</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks#Ancient_India" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks in ancient India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_India#History" title="Beer in India">History of beer in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_whisky#History" title="Indian whisky">History of whisky in India</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kasauli_Brewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasauli Brewery">Kasauli Brewery</a></b> – India's first European-style brewery still in operation:<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasauli_Brewery#Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasauli Brewery">Lion beer</a> – Asia'a first beer brand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasauli_Brewery#Solan_whisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasauli Brewery">Solan No. 1</a> – India's first malt whisky</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Monk" title="Old Monk">Old Monk</a> – India's most iconic rum</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_India" title="Alcohol laws of India">Alcohol laws of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">Alcohol prohibition in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country#South_Asia" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drink driving laws of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_India#Dry_days" title="Alcohol laws of India">Dry Days in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian-made_foreign_liquor" title="Indian-made foreign liquor">Indian-made foreign liquor (IMFL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_drinks#Native" title="List of Indian drinks">India's indigenous alcoholic drinks</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Toddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_drinks#Non" title="List of Indian drinks">India's non-indigenous alcoholic drinks</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian-made_foreign_liquor" title="Indian-made foreign liquor">Indian-made foreign liquor (IMFL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_India" title="Beer in India">Indian Beers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Monk" title="Old Monk">Indian Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_whisky" title="Indian whisky">Indian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">Indian wine</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Alcohol deadly for drinking</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohols_(medicine)" title="Alcohols (medicine)">Cleaning alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">Methyl alcohol</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Statistics</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_drinks#Consumption" title="List of Indian drinks">Consumption of alcohol vs other drinks in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">Global comparison of Per capital consumption</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_drinking_establishment%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of drinking establishment–related articles">Drinking places</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_hall" title="Beer hall">Beer bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_bar" title="Dance bar">Dance bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaba" title="Dhaba">Dhaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawaif" title="Tawaif">Kotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautch" title="Nautch">Nautch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_India" title="Prostitution in India">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">Pub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">Religious use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapri">Tapri</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Foods</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhujia">Bhujia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chakhna_(drink_snacks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chakhna (drink snacks) (page does not exist)">Chakhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat" title="Chaat">Chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_snack_foods_from_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="List of snack foods from the Indian subcontinent">Indian snacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India" title="Non-vegetarian food in India">Non-veg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakora" title="Pakora">Pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papadam" title="Papadam">Papadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_snacks" title="South Indian snacks">South Indian snacks</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other accompaniments</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beedi" title="Beedi">Beedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigarette" title="Cigarette">Cigarette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_tobacco" title="Chewing tobacco">Chewing tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutka" title="Gutka">Gutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian beverages">Indian beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naswar" title="Naswar">Naswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paan">Paan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_India" title="Smoking in India">Smoking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_health" title="Alcohol and health">Alcohol and health</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction" title="Addiction">Addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_poisonings_in_India" title="List of alcohol poisonings in India">Alcohol poisonings cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Substance abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Bollywood and historic alcohol deaths</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniyal_Mirza" title="Daniyal Mirza">Daniyal Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Dutt" title="Geeta Dutt">Geeta Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Dutt" title="Guru Dutt">Guru Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._L._Saigal" title="K. L. Saigal">K. L. Saigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_(music_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madan Mohan (music director)">Madan Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena_Kumari" title="Meena Kumari">Meena Kumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachhatar_Chhatta" title="Nachhatar Chhatta">Nachhatar Chhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_(actress)" title="Savitri (actress)">Savitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Kumar_Batalvi" title="Shiv Kumar Batalvi">Shiv Kumar Batalvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimi" title="Vimi">Vimi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime in India</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_poverty#Alcohol_use" title="Secondary poverty">Alcoholic poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_India" title="Domestic violence in India">Domestic violence </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matka_gambling" title="Matka gambling">Matka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Violence against children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women_in_India" title="Violence against women in India">Violence against women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoday_Group" title="Khoday Group">Khoday Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Meakin" title="Mohan Meakin">Mohan Meakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Breweries_Group" title="United Breweries Group">United Breweries Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Spirits" title="United Spirits">United Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rhino_(brewery)" title="White Rhino (brewery)">White Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuksom_Breweries" title="Yuksom Breweries">Yuksom Breweries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State alcohol marketing corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Beverages_Corporation" title="Kerala State Beverages Corporation">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASMAC" title="TASMAC">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_State_Beverages_Corporation" title="Telangana State Beverages Corporation">Telangana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">Ethanol fuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcohol-related_topics_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcohol_by_countries" title="Template:Alcohol by countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcohol_by_countries" title="Template talk:Alcohol by countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol_by_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol by countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol-related_topics_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a>-related topics by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alcohol_by_country" title="Category:Alcohol by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Afghanistan" title="Alcohol in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Australia" title="Alcohol in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Bangladesh" title="Alcohol in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Indonesia" title="Alcohol in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Iran" title="Alcohol in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Malaysia" title="Alcohol in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_Zealand" title="Alcohol in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Alcohol in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Somalia" title="Alcohol in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Sudan" title="Alcohol in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinking culture in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture_of_Korea" title="Drinking culture of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Drinking culture of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drinks">Alcoholic drinks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks_in_Canada" title="Alcoholic drinks in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks_in_China" title="Alcoholic drinks in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks_in_Sweden" title="Alcoholic drinks in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Current</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Australia" title="Alcohol laws of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_India" title="Alcohol laws of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">Prohibition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_in_Germany" title="Alcohol laws in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol consumption in Russia">Alcohol consumption in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_licensing_laws_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol laws of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States">Alcohol-related traffic crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Drunk driving in the United States">Drunk driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States" title="Legal drinking age in the United States">Legal drinking age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">List of alcohol laws in USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_open-container_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="United States open-container laws">Open-container laws</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer classification <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_classification_in_Sweden_and_Finland" title="Beer classification in Sweden and Finland">Sweden and Finland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Canada" title="Prohibition in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Prohibition" title="Template:Prohibition">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcoholic_beverages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template talk:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcoholic_beverages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_and_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="List of alcoholic drinks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_drinks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_drinks" title="Template:Indian drinks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_drinks" title="Template talk:Indian drinks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_drinks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian drinks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_drinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Indian drinks</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_drinks" title="List of Indian drinks">List of Indian drinks</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aam_panna" title="Aam panna">Aam panna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aamras" title="Aamras">Aamras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almond_milk" title="Almond milk">Badam milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banta" title="Banta">Banta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Pana" title="Bela Pana">Bela Pana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">Bhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">Buttermilk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaas" title="Chaas">Chaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_water" title="Coconut water">Coconut water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falooda" title="Falooda">Falooda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shave_ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Shave ice">Gola barf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_filter_coffee" title="Indian filter coffee">Filter coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irani_caf%C3%A9" title="Irani café">Irani café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jal-jeera" title="Jal-jeera">Jal-jeera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jil_jil_jigarthanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jil jil jigarthanda">Jil jil jigarthanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_(drink)" title="Kanji (drink)">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjika" title="Kanjika">Kanjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Kesar</a> milk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassi" title="Lassi">Lassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neera" title="Neera">Neera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbu_pani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbu pani">Nimbu pani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattha" title="Mattha">Mattha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_limetta" title="Citrus limetta">Moosambi</a> juice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikanjvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikanjvi">Shikanjvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solkadhi" title="Solkadhi">Solkadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosyo" title="Sosyo">Sosyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Sugarcane juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thandai" title="Thandai">Thandai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umbil (page does not exist)">Umbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutho" title="Zutho">Zutho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_tea_culture" title="Indian tea culture">Tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_tea" title="Assam tea">Assam tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berinag_tea" title="Berinag tea">Berinag tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_tea" title="Darjeeling tea">Darjeeling tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doodh_Pati_Chai" class="mw-redirect" title="Doodh Pati Chai">Doodh Pati Chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangra_tea" title="Kangra tea">Kangra tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tea" title="Nilgiri tea">Nilgiri tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">Bhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_India" title="Beer in India">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handia_(drink)" title="Handia (drink)">Handia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian-made_foreign_liquor" title="Indian-made foreign liquor">IMFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neera" title="Neera">Neera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaati_Kallu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaati Kallu">Thaati Kallu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_whisky" title="Indian whisky">Indian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">Indian wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_drinks" title="Category:Indian drinks">Category:Indian drinks</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/9px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/14px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/19px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/16px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/24px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beer_and_breweries_by_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beers_of_the_world" title="Template:Beers of the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beers_of_the_world" title="Template talk:Beers of the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beers_of_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beers of the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beer_and_breweries_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_beer_and_breweries_by_region" title="List of beer and breweries by region">Beer and breweries by region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Africa" title="Beer in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Cape_Verde" title="Beer in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Egypt" title="Beer in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Ethiopia" title="Beer in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Kenya" title="Beer in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Morocco" title="Beer in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beers_and_breweries_in_Nigeria" title="List of beers and breweries in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_South_Africa" title="Beer in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Tanzania" title="Beer in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Asia" title="Beer in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Armenia" title="Beer in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Azerbaijan" title="Beer in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_China" title="Beer in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Hong_Kong" title="Beer in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Tibet" title="Beer in Tibet">Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_India" title="Beer in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Indonesia" title="Beer in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Iran" title="Beer in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Israel" title="Beer in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Japan" title="Beer in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Jordan" title="Beer in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Kazakhstan" title="Beer in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Malaysia" title="Beer in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Myanmar" title="Beer in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_North_Korea" title="Beer in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Palestine" title="Beer in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Philippines" title="Beer in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Singapore" title="Beer in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_South_Korea" title="Beer in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Beer in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Syria" title="Beer in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Taiwan" title="Beer in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Thailand" title="Beer in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Turkey" title="Beer in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Vietnam" title="Beer in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Austria" title="Beer in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Belarus" title="Beer in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Belgium" title="Beer in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Beer in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Bulgaria" title="Beer in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Croatia" title="Beer in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Cyprus" title="Beer in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Beer in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Denmark" title="Beer in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Estonia" title="Beer in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Finland" title="Beer in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_France" title="Beer in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Germany" title="Beer in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brewing_companies_in_Germany" title="List of brewing companies in Germany">breweries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Greece" title="Beer in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Hungary" title="Beer in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Iceland" title="Beer in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Ireland" title="Beer in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Italy" title="Beer in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Luxembourg" title="Beer in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Lithuania" title="Beer in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Netherlands" title="Beer in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Norway" title="Beer in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Poland" title="Beer in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Portugal" title="Beer in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Romania" title="Beer in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Russia" title="Beer in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Serbia" title="Beer in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Slovakia" title="Beer in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Slovenia" title="Beer in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Sweden" title="Beer in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Switzerland" title="Beer in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Ukraine" title="Beer in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Beer in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_England" title="Beer in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Beer in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Scotland" title="Beer in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Wales" title="Beer in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Antigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Aruba" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Bahamas" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Barbados" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Central_America#Belize" title="Beer in Central America">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Canada" title="Beer in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Quebec" title="Beer in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Cayman_Islands" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Costa_Rica" title="Beer in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Cuba" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Dominica" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Dominican_Republic" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Central_America#El_Salvador" title="Beer in Central America">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Central_America#Guatemala" title="Beer in Central America">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Haiti" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Central_America#Honduras" title="Beer in Central America">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Jamaica" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Mexico" title="Beer in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beers_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Beers of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Puerto_Rico" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Saint_Lucia" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Beer in the Caribbean">St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean#Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_United_States" title="Beer in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_the_United_States" title="List of breweries in the United States">breweries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Argentina" title="Beer in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Brazil" title="Beer in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Chile" title="Beer in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Colombia" title="Beer in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Venezuela" title="Beer in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Australia" title="Beer in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Fiji" title="Beer in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_New_Zealand" title="Beer in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_preferences_in_Europe" title="Alcohol preferences in Europe">Alcohol preferences in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_beer_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by beer consumption per capita">List of countries by beer consumption per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microbreweries" title="List of microbreweries">List of microbreweries</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/16px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/24px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/32px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Beer" title="Portal:Beer">Beer portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcohol_prohibition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prohibition" title="Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prohibition" title="Template talk:Prohibition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol_prohibition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Bangladesh" title="Alcohol in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Canada" title="Prohibition in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition#Nordic_countries" title="Prohibition">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Iran" title="Alcohol in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Russia / Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li>Australian prohibition referendums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1925 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_South_Wales_prohibition_referendum" title="1928 New South Wales prohibition referendum">New South Wales, 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1950</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">American Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Temperance_Society" title="American Temperance Society">American Temperance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League" title="Anti-Saloon League">Anti-Saloon League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Against_the_Prohibition_Amendment" title="Association Against the Prohibition Amendment">Association Against the Prohibition Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Act" title="Blaine Act">Blaine Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Prohibition" title="Bureau of Prohibition">Bureau of Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen%E2%80%93Harrison_Act" title="Cullen–Harrison Act">Cullen–Harrison Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_option" title="Local option">Local option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Pitcher_Club" title="Molly Pitcher Club">Molly Pitcher Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Patrol" title="Rum Patrol">Rum Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_row" title="Rum row">Rum row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_prohibition_referendum,_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922">Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(Scotland)_Act_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913">Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alliance" title="United Kingdom Alliance">United Kingdom Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Committee_of_Lawyers" title="Voluntary Committee of Lawyers">Voluntary Committee of Lawyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb%E2%80%93Kenyon_Act" title="Webb–Kenyon Act">Webb–Kenyon Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickersham_Commission" title="Wickersham Commission">Wickersham Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis%E2%80%93Campbell_Act" title="Willis–Campbell Act">Willis–Campbell Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Meir_Allen" title="Martha Meir Allen">Martha Meir Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Anslinger" title="Harry J. Anslinger">Harry J. Anslinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Barker" title="Thomas Holliday Barker">Thomas Holliday Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Beecher" title="Lyman Beecher">Lyman Beecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Duffy" title="Mickey Duffy">Mickey Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxey_Gordon" title="Waxey Gordon">Waxey Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Guinan" title="Texas Guinan">Texas Guinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hamer" title="Frank Hamer">Frank Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_N._Howard" title="Clinton N. Howard">Clinton N. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_L._Johnson" title="Enoch L. Johnson">Enoch L. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerr" title="Norman Kerr">Norman Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Lansky" title="Meyer Lansky">Meyer Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Richard_Lees" title="Frederic Richard Lees">Frederic Richard Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Maceo" title="Sam Maceo">Sam Maceo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owney_Madden" title="Owney Madden">Owney Madden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Malins" title="Joseph Malins">Joseph Malins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCoy_(bootlegger)" class="mw-redirect" title="William McCoy (bootlegger)">William McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_Moran" title="Bugs Moran">Bugs Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Nation" title="Carrie Nation">Carrie Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Ness" title="Eliot Ness">Eliot Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Olmstead" title="Roy Olmstead">Roy Olmstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_LaMontages_brothers" title="The LaMontages brothers">The LaMontages brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanzetta_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lanzetta Brothers">Lanzetta Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Gang" title="The Purple Gang">The Purple Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Remus" title="George Remus">George Remus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rothstein" title="Arnold Rothstein">Arnold Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hyde_Russell" title="Howard Hyde Russell">Howard Hyde Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Schultz" title="Dutch Schultz">Dutch Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bywater_Smithies" title="Thomas Bywater Smithies">Thomas Bywater Smithies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Thompson" title="Eliza Thompson">Eliza Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_Thompson" title="William Harvey Thompson">William Harvey Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">Andrew Volstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Wheeler" title="Wayne Wheeler">Wayne Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzy_Einstein_and_Moe_Smith" title="Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith">Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Prohibition_Party_(UK)" title="National Prohibition Party (UK)">National Prohibition Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prohibition_Party" title="Scottish Prohibition Party">Scottish Prohibition Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(miniseries)" title="Prohibition (miniseries)"><i>Prohibition</i> (2011 documentary miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Whisky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whisky" title="Template:Whisky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whisky" title="Template talk:Whisky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whisky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Whisky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malt_whisky" title="Malt whisky">Malt whisky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_malt_whisky" title="Single malt whisky">Single malt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blended_malt_whisky" title="Blended malt whisky">Blended malt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_whisky" title="Grain whisky">Grain whisky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_malt_whiskey" title="Rye malt whiskey">Rye malt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_whiskey" title="Wheat whiskey">Wheat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/48px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/64px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blended_whiskey" title="Blended whiskey">Blended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_in_bond" title="Bottled in bond">Bottled in bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_barrel_whiskey" title="Single barrel whiskey">Single barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_batch_whiskey" title="Small batch whiskey">Small batch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_whiskey" title="Straight whiskey">Straight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_whisky" title="Australian whisky">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_whisky" title="English whisky">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_whisky" title="Finnish whisky">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_whisky" title="French whisky">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_whisky" title="German whisky">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_whisky" title="Indian whisky">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_pot_still_whiskey" title="Single pot still whiskey">Single pot still</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_whisky" title="Mexican whisky">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_whisky" title="Taiwanese whisky">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_whisky" title="Welsh whisky">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cask_strength" title="Cask strength">Cask strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chill_filtering" title="Chill filtering">Chill filtering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finishing_(whisky)" title="Finishing (whisky)">Finishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_bottler" title="Independent bottler">Independent bottler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_Process" title="Lincoln County Process">Lincoln County Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashing" title="Mashing">Mash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sour_mash" title="Sour mash">Sour mash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_blender" title="Master blender">Master blender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_safe" title="Spirit safe">Spirit safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_thief" title="Whiskey thief">Whiskey thief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Whisky tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Whiskey_Trail" title="American Whiskey Trail">American Whiskey Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Bourbon_Trail" title="Kentucky Bourbon Trail">Kentucky Bourbon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Whisky_Experience" title="Scotch Whisky Experience">Scotch Whisky Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Malt_Whisky_Trail" title="Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail">Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranachan" title="Cranachan">Cranachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencairn_whisky_glass" title="Glencairn whisky glass">Glencairn whisky glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cocktails" title="List of cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_whisky_brands" title="List of whisky brands">List of whisky brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skalk" title="Skalk">Skalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uisce_beatha" title="Uisce beatha">Uisce beatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscimetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscimetry">Viscimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_tasting" title="Whisky tasting">Whisky tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_with_food" title="Whisky with food">Whisky with food</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/21px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/42px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/11px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/17px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/22px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458114#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1131897943">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrack&oldid=1252899678">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrack&oldid=1252899678</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Distilled_drinks" title="Category:Distilled drinks">Distilled drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_distilled_drinks" title="Category:Sri Lankan distilled drinks">Sri Lankan distilled drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesian_distilled_drinks" title="Category:Indonesian distilled drinks">Indonesian distilled drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_distilled_drinks" title="Category:Filipino distilled drinks">Filipino distilled drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saint_Helenian_distilled_drinks" title="Category:Saint Helenian distilled drinks">Saint Helenian distilled drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_distilled_drinks" title="Category:Swedish distilled drinks">Swedish distilled drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_distilled_drinks" title="Category:Indian distilled drinks">Indian distilled drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sugar_industry_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Sugar industry of Sri Lanka">Sugar industry of Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_shortened_footnotes_from_May_2023" title="Category:Use shortened footnotes from May 2023">Use shortened footnotes from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hRecipes" title="Category:Articles with hRecipes">Articles with hRecipes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hProducts" title="Category:Articles with hProducts">Articles with hProducts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_August_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 12:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrack&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-74b564977c-z48qg","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.752","walltime":"0.986","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3360,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":206651,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9398,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":168026,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 767.580 1 -total"," 27.65% 212.252 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.19% 147.269 10 Template:Navbox"," 16.88% 129.587 12 Template:Cite_book"," 11.83% 90.785 1 Template:Alcohol_in_India"," 9.51% 73.026 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.62% 58.509 1 Template:Infobox_beverage"," 7.26% 55.690 1 Template:Multiple_image"," 6.77% 52.001 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.30% 40.690 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.432","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8843567,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbbott1864\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooke,_Thomas_H.1808\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroom1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCronk,_Quentin_C._B.2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemetrio2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDobbin1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFenix\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrohusko1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunawardena2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLopez1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahoney1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerrillees2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReddy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1862\"] = 1,\n [\"polysemy\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Alcohol by countries\"] = 1,\n [\"Alcohol in India\"] = 1,\n [\"Alcoholic beverages\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Beers of the world\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 10,\n [\"Cquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Explain\"] = 1,\n [\"Indian beverages\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox beverage\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Prohibition\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use shortened footnotes\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Whisky\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.canary-54459f6c5c-nvkgr","timestamp":"20241127013101","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Arrack","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrack","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1458114","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1458114","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-06T05:00:17Z","dateModified":"2024-10-23T12:50:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1b\/Bottlesofarrack.jpg","headline":"distilled alcoholic drink typically produced in South and Southeast Asia"}</script> </body> </html>