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It also tracks the centralization of /ow/ (as in goat). Quantitative analysis of subjects' formants shows a consistently lower set of front vowels and a consistently centralized /ow/ relative to baseline comparisons drawn from Labov, Ash, and boberg's 2006 Atlas of North American English, suggesting a recent diachronic emergence of both phenomena. A small gender effect is observed, suggesting women are further advanced than men in the chain shift. these findings suggest that the chain shift is not clearly a pull-chain brought about by the low-back merger of /O/ (as in lot) and /A/ (as in thought) and may have occurred independently as a push-train.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12322888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4a41bb199763f2e9c5c91abb659181d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37596534,"asset_id":12322888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37596534/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12322888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12322888"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12322888, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12322888", }); 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It also tracks the centralization of /ow/ (as in goat). Quantitative analysis of subjects' formants shows a consistently lower set of front vowels and a consistently centralized /ow/ relative to baseline comparisons drawn from Labov, Ash, and boberg's 2006 Atlas of North American English, suggesting a recent diachronic emergence of both phenomena. A small gender effect is observed, suggesting women are further advanced than men in the chain shift. these findings suggest that the chain shift is not clearly a pull-chain brought about by the low-back merger of /O/ (as in lot) and /A/ (as in thought) and may have occurred independently as a push-train.","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37596534,"asset_id":12322888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37596534/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37596534/Kennedy_Grama_2012-libre.pdf?1431293583=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKennedy_and_Grama_2012_Chain_shifting_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116950\u0026Signature=aduq2eVwUaok1iu3EoiAaJPwz8apGwKRZKtYRzj~XYSLjV1LbTJ2qVox~D6Z98LunvAacCUIvE1ELrGXrrNC1hNqu-DXTssk9MB~-~eCyaATon3HEfLDxJrC5sCkWng~KtNrfwkGDF774lJgYMlP6fdV28jma9EMfQI-cXYPruwkwiMdPbdGqHYzmzffwxdwOhJ~m24mEyK2dV-2UbUoqip2bHey3hsZ~Bx4SdXXV1y1SAzzI-amPAwYAQfNxNU1lGLRmSbZdIFbfocHl2YR~gKQrZHaCE3gFudYIdNu7YSDkyFo6NDSNVaSWP3n5ibPz1Z4xEkoK6XjL-6jSoyLKg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37596534/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/37596534/mini_magick20190301-19371-1e0qif9.png?1551455687"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":37596534,"asset_id":12322888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37596534/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37596534/Kennedy_Grama_2012-libre.pdf?1431293583=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKennedy_and_Grama_2012_Chain_shifting_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116951\u0026Signature=aRnbmEdlyFpwWfPmWnnRWCgB-CuOSut0y6y-BY~9033LtefYQIAt1ZcijRRFr9Mi7jvQM9BAYvBRAeGV7-xlCcyLuKnawLqIASiK2bNQAjDsOJLHpucjxrPOxXB~GF1z~iJdwSXBMglWVtyZcL3iqGR3U~zH1rALYQulsqKXa129tXFsqJW-iWGl2S-JsmU9-PE45~Ub09EUOoI95hIcZhx4ynegM9dQMxGwe8YyOdmqSDuyxwtbsWnt7oFHGKqm7jR63mctsK5Qsbi9lXRmV5sBJ-n9XUrw5n8nSa9hb9RwsxdsaMHM3i97CLwLAl1vTbZWOCWKu8L4iAmCQxhOiA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37596534/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/37596534/mini_magick20190301-19371-1e0qif9.png?1551455687"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":18,"ordered_authors":[{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology","nofollow":true},{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics","nofollow":true},{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology"},{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics"},{"id":8938,"name":"Sociophonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociophonetics"},{"id":50113,"name":"California","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California"},{"id":1238310,"name":"California English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_English"}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":162,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12322889" data-work_id="12322889" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12322889/Grama_2015_Variation_and_Change_in_Hawaii_Creole_Vowels">Grama (2015) - 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de tawk dakain ova dea: Mapping language ideologies in Oahu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Katie#DRAGER#&#James#GRAMA# University#of#Hawai'i#at#Mānoa# <a href="mailto:kdrager@hawaii.edu" rel="nofollow">kdrager@hawaii.edu</a>;#<a href="mailto:jgrama@hawaii.edu" rel="nofollow">jgrama@hawaii.edu</a># # ! Abstract## This#study#provides#the#first#examination#of#perceptual#dialectology#within#Hawaiʻi.##While#previous#... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12322890" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Katie#DRAGER#&#James#GRAMA# University#of#Hawai'i#at#Mānoa# <a href="mailto:kdrager@hawaii.edu" rel="nofollow">kdrager@hawaii.edu</a>;#<a href="mailto:jgrama@hawaii.edu" rel="nofollow">jgrama@hawaii.edu</a># # ! Abstract## This#study#provides#the#first#examination#of#perceptual#dialectology#within#Hawaiʻi.##While#previous# work#investigated#Hawaiʻi#Locals'#beliefs#about#language#use,#it#located#Hawaiʻi#within#the#context#of#the# United# States.# In# contrast,# respondents# in# this# study# focus# on# the# island# of# Oʻahu.# Using# a# blank# map,# respondents#mark#boundaries#where#they#believe#language#is#used#differently#on#the#island,#specifying#the# ways#in#which#they#feel#the#speech#differs.#The#results#demonstrate#that#respondents#associate#particular# regions#with#the#use#of#either#Pidgin#or#English,#and#that#the#areas#most#closely#associated#with#Pidgin#are# the#same#areas#as#those#where#people#are#said#to#speak#the#"heaviest"#Pidgin.#Some#subjects#also#include# other#languages#on#the#maps,#while#other#subjects#focus#on#differences#in#speakers'#ethnicities,#suggesting# that# beliefs# about# language# use# and# region# may# be# at# least# partially# due# to# each# of# their# respective# associations#with#ethnicity.# ! Keywords# perceptual#dialectology,#Hawaiʻi,#Pidgin/Hawaiʻi#Creole,#multilingualism,#diversity#</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12322890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4b940621ac6e10897719722ef34e8fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37596535,"asset_id":12322890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37596535/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12322890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12322890"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12322890, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12322890", }); 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Abstract## This#study#provides#the#first#examination#of#perceptual#dialectology#within#Hawaiʻi.##While#previous# work#investigated#Hawaiʻi#Locals'#beliefs#about#language#use,#it#located#Hawaiʻi#within#the#context#of#the# United# States.# In# contrast,# respondents# in# this# study# focus# on# the# island# of# Oʻahu.# Using# a# blank# map,# respondents#mark#boundaries#where#they#believe#language#is#used#differently#on#the#island,#specifying#the# ways#in#which#they#feel#the#speech#differs.#The#results#demonstrate#that#respondents#associate#particular# regions#with#the#use#of#either#Pidgin#or#English,#and#that#the#areas#most#closely#associated#with#Pidgin#are# the#same#areas#as#those#where#people#are#said#to#speak#the#\"heaviest\"#Pidgin.#Some#subjects#also#include# other#languages#on#the#maps,#while#other#subjects#focus#on#differences#in#speakers'#ethnicities,#suggesting# that# beliefs# about# language# use# and# region# may# be# at# least# partially# due# to# each# of# their# respective# associations#with#ethnicity.# ! Keywords# perceptual#dialectology,#Hawaiʻi,#Pidgin/Hawaiʻi#Creole,#multilingualism,#diversity#","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37596535,"asset_id":12322890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37596535/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37596535/Drager_Grama2014-libre.pdf?1431293583=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrager_and_Grama_2014_de_tawk_dakain_ova.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116951\u0026Signature=NH2RVqfXTm5BuOh3h8OIq8QC4sUV7BqeikAi7KjY5OwQBFjGBaTnqx91X0qrZYB2jhpBWKj~l4odESCDgc7TacZQfqOGZL4Xic8so7okZuByOznvkyjKZ0PW9uJcadIWc1HKLA8Vfai5QxvlrRT8v9ivLvnzWl50kHXZlHq-biPoHVxA-Wl17PXT6wXV-KllW0k4RcoGYE~ZJUkInDHYBziDvU~rJUuy6R87rTIXtr~6xZp2t~HKxF-xoxTKHeDjQOIkJSDG8K7~QpunITvNt7fPYgXV8ioHfYXYZmvVaW7RkcIbCoFXRI7dQYhkChoUd8JJ4FSg4IcLPL6etIRlhA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37596535/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/37596535/mini_magick20190301-14905-12bi410.png?1551455746"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":37596535,"asset_id":12322890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37596535/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37596535/Drager_Grama2014-libre.pdf?1431293583=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrager_and_Grama_2014_de_tawk_dakain_ova.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116951\u0026Signature=NH2RVqfXTm5BuOh3h8OIq8QC4sUV7BqeikAi7KjY5OwQBFjGBaTnqx91X0qrZYB2jhpBWKj~l4odESCDgc7TacZQfqOGZL4Xic8so7okZuByOznvkyjKZ0PW9uJcadIWc1HKLA8Vfai5QxvlrRT8v9ivLvnzWl50kHXZlHq-biPoHVxA-Wl17PXT6wXV-KllW0k4RcoGYE~ZJUkInDHYBziDvU~rJUuy6R87rTIXtr~6xZp2t~HKxF-xoxTKHeDjQOIkJSDG8K7~QpunITvNt7fPYgXV8ioHfYXYZmvVaW7RkcIbCoFXRI7dQYhkChoUd8JJ4FSg4IcLPL6etIRlhA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37596535/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/37596535/mini_magick20190301-14905-12bi410.png?1551455746"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":29,"ordered_authors":[{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics","nofollow":true},{"id":5539,"name":"Language and Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Ideology","nofollow":true},{"id":13200,"name":"Perceptual Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perceptual_Dialectology"},{"id":1278440,"name":"Hawaiian Creole English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hawaiian_Creole_English"}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":null,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":79,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12322940 coauthored" data-work_id="12322940" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12322940/Drager_Kirtley_Grama_and_Simpson_2013_Language_variation_and_change_in_Hawaii_English_KIT_DRESS_and_TRAP">Drager, Kirtley, Grama & Simpson (2013) - Language variation and change in Hawaii English: KIT, DRESS and TRAP</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Using an apparent time approach and acoustic phonetic analysis, this study provides the first description of sociolinguistic variation in the realizations of the short-front vowels in Hawaiʻi English. We demonstrate that the realizations... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12322940" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Using an apparent time approach and acoustic phonetic analysis, this study provides the first description of sociolinguistic variation in the realizations of the short-front vowels in Hawaiʻi English. We demonstrate that the realizations of the short-front vowels in Hawaiʻi are conditioned by speaker sex and age, and whether an individual self-identifies as a speaker of Pidgin. We argue that the differences between the vowel realizations of Pidgin and non-Pidgin speakers are likely to be at least partially socially-motivated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12322940" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c11bc212c50bacaadbdad9db5b182fe8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37596600,"asset_id":12322940,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37596600/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12322940">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12322940"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hawaii.academia.edu/MJoelleKirtley">M. Joelle Kirtley</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12322940'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12322940').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12322940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12322940"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12322940, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12322940", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12322940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12322940; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12322940"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12322940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12322940"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12322940; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12322940]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12322940").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12322940").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12322940"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2343" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialects_of_English">Dialects of English</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2343" type="text/json">{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2525" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change">Language Variation and Change</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2525" type="text/json">{"id":2343,"name":"Dialects of English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialects_of_English","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12322940]'), work: {"id":12322940,"title":"Drager, Kirtley, Grama \u0026 Simpson (2013) - Language variation and change in Hawaii English: KIT, DRESS and TRAP","created_at":"2015-05-10T14:46:20.539-07:00","owner_id":30969901,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/12322940/Drager_Kirtley_Grama_and_Simpson_2013_Language_variation_and_change_in_Hawaii_English_KIT_DRESS_and_TRAP","slug":"Drager_Kirtley_Grama_and_Simpson_2013_Language_variation_and_change_in_Hawaii_English_KIT_DRESS_and_TRAP","dom_id":"work_12322940","summary":"Using an apparent time approach and acoustic phonetic analysis, this study provides the first description of sociolinguistic variation in the realizations of the short-front vowels in Hawaiʻi English. 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21479926 coauthored" data-work_id="21479926" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21479926/An_acoustic_analysis_of_the_vowels_of_Hawaii_English">An acoustic analysis of the vowels of Hawai'i English</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper provides an acoustic phonetic description of Hawai‘i English vowels. The data comprise wordlist tokens produced by twenty-three speakers (twelve males and eleven females) and spontaneous speech tokens produced by ten of those... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21479926" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper provides an acoustic phonetic description of Hawai‘i English vowels. The data comprise wordlist tokens produced by twenty-three speakers (twelve males and eleven females) and spontaneous speech tokens produced by ten of those speakers. Analysis of these vowel tokens shows that while there are similarities between Hawai‘i English and other dialects, the particular combination of vowel realizations in Hawai‘i English is unique to this dialect. Additionally, there are characteristics of the Hawai‘i English vowel system that are not found in other English dialects. These findings suggest that Hawai‘i English is a<br />unique regional variety that warrants further description.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21479926" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7787fcc15d885b3b3997ac8988987c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41903793,"asset_id":21479926,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41903793/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21479926">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21479926"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hawaii.academia.edu/KatieDrager">Katie Drager</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hawaii.academia.edu/MJoelleKirtley">M. Joelle Kirtley</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/SeanSimpson">Sean Simpson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-21479926'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-21479926').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21479926 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21479926"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21479926, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21479926", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21479926 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21479926; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21479926"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21479926 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21479926"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21479926; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21479926]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21479926").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21479926").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21479926"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21025" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustic_Phonetics">Acoustic Phonetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21025" type="text/json">{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60338" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology">Phonetics and Phonology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60338" type="text/json">{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21479926]'), work: {"id":21479926,"title":"An acoustic analysis of the vowels of Hawai'i English","created_at":"2016-02-02T14:48:11.009-08:00","owner_id":30969901,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/21479926/An_acoustic_analysis_of_the_vowels_of_Hawaii_English","slug":"An_acoustic_analysis_of_the_vowels_of_Hawaii_English","dom_id":"work_21479926","summary":"This paper provides an acoustic phonetic description of Hawai‘i English vowels. The data comprise wordlist tokens produced by twenty-three speakers (twelve males and eleven females) and spontaneous speech tokens produced by ten of those speakers. Analysis of these vowel tokens shows that while there are similarities between Hawai‘i English and other dialects, the particular combination of vowel realizations in Hawai‘i English is unique to this dialect. Additionally, there are characteristics of the Hawai‘i English vowel system that are not found in other English dialects. 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Joelle","last_name":"Kirtley","domain_name":"hawaii","page_name":"MJoelleKirtley","display_name":"M. Joelle Kirtley","profile_url":"https://hawaii.academia.edu/MJoelleKirtley","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3200716/1052662/11870156/s65_m._joelle.kirtley.jpg"},{"id":13270216,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Simpson","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"SeanSimpson","display_name":"Sean Simpson","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/SeanSimpson","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13270216/3848146/4509947/s65_sean.simpson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2139,"name":"Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics","nofollow":true},{"id":2167,"name":"Dialectology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectology","nofollow":true},{"id":6223,"name":"English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English"},{"id":21025,"name":"Acoustic Phonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustic_Phonetics"},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology"},{"id":117873,"name":"Vowels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vowels"},{"id":142812,"name":"Hawaii","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hawaii-1"}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":2016,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":290,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40215632 coauthored" data-work_id="40215632" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40215632/Comparing_the_performance_of_major_forced_aligners_used_in_sociophonetic_research">Comparing the performance of major forced aligners used in sociophonetic research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Forced aligners have revolutionized sociophonetics, but while there are several forced aligners available, there are few systematic comparisons of their relative performance. Here, we consider four major forced aligners used in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40215632" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Forced aligners have revolutionized sociophonetics, but while there are several forced aligners available, there are few systematic comparisons of their relative performance. Here, we consider four major forced aligners used in sociophonetics today: MAUS, FAVE, LaBB-CAT and MFA. Through comparisons with human coders, we find that both aligner and phonological context affect the quality of automated alignments of vowels extracted from English sociolinguistic interview data. MFA and LaBB-CAT produce the highest quality alignments, in some cases not significantly different from human alignment, followed by FAVE, and then MAUS. Aligners are less accurate placing boundaries following a vowel than preceding it, and they vary in their accuracy across manner of articulation, particularly for following boundaries. These observations allow us to make specific recommendations for manual correction of forced alignment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40215632" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eca9479c7d36aa4bed1fbdd418c0b512" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60443377,"asset_id":40215632,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60443377/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15490804" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/catherineTravis">Catherine E Travis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15490804" type="text/json">{"id":15490804,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Travis","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"catherineTravis","display_name":"Catherine E Travis","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/catherineTravis","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15490804/5563436/69781675/s65_catherine.travis.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40215632">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40215632"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/SimonGonzalez">Simon Gonzalez</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40215632'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40215632').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40215632 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40215632"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40215632, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40215632", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40215632 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40215632; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40215632"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40215632 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40215632"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40215632; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40215632]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40215632").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40215632").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40215632"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40215632]'), work: {"id":40215632,"title":"Comparing the performance of major forced aligners used in sociophonetic research","created_at":"2019-08-30T16:10:03.278-07:00","owner_id":15490804,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/40215632/Comparing_the_performance_of_major_forced_aligners_used_in_sociophonetic_research","slug":"Comparing_the_performance_of_major_forced_aligners_used_in_sociophonetic_research","dom_id":"work_40215632","summary":"Forced aligners have revolutionized sociophonetics, but while there are several forced aligners available, there are few systematic comparisons of their relative performance. Here, we consider four major forced aligners used in sociophonetics today: MAUS, FAVE, LaBB-CAT and MFA. Through comparisons with human coders, we find that both aligner and phonological context affect the quality of automated alignments of vowels extracted from English sociolinguistic interview data. MFA and LaBB-CAT produce the highest quality alignments, in some cases not significantly different from human alignment, followed by FAVE, and then MAUS. Aligners are less accurate placing boundaries following a vowel than preceding it, and they vary in their accuracy across manner of articulation, particularly for following boundaries. These observations allow us to make specific recommendations for manual correction of forced alignment.","publication":"Linguistics Vanguard","publication_with_fallback":"Linguistics Vanguard","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60443377,"asset_id":40215632,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60443377/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60443377/Gonzalez__Grama__Travis_Aug2019_ForcedAlignment-Draft20190830-52377-1m5801d-libre.pdf?1567206830=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComparing_the_performance_of_major_force.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116951\u0026Signature=OvJfdXOw4cbWEdqjQwC5z5A8AH78mcczFjxiWbldDrTvUlsfksQDOFmDwhe4FnJT7YN5QyGKA7h2U5dCjyDa3x-9IkMr765B6qRaiIZ5UUPdKyR0vxAMc9UIuboeI1nK6CWBzoUrbW3ip57L7OWTM0gxJYHnmJfXDf9BVipsFDPwtpexADzm~rGLCB159C9d5XI2uusthfYbs1sYuQM1i8j7W40lq3eWppvt8WGrOGBlmzCbVXJLyvO-Awc-T8wUiaFlJvkBekcdcPkF4PDdkenjxopy4DM1pKOniZ~8KNInkncb8Wr86D0976vPKFHamXYvmCJxHy3f1VyrLxmVzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60443377/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60443377/mini_magick20190830-12317-xh72rj.png?1567208237"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":60443377,"asset_id":40215632,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60443377/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60443377/Gonzalez__Grama__Travis_Aug2019_ForcedAlignment-Draft20190830-52377-1m5801d-libre.pdf?1567206830=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComparing_the_performance_of_major_force.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116951\u0026Signature=OvJfdXOw4cbWEdqjQwC5z5A8AH78mcczFjxiWbldDrTvUlsfksQDOFmDwhe4FnJT7YN5QyGKA7h2U5dCjyDa3x-9IkMr765B6qRaiIZ5UUPdKyR0vxAMc9UIuboeI1nK6CWBzoUrbW3ip57L7OWTM0gxJYHnmJfXDf9BVipsFDPwtpexADzm~rGLCB159C9d5XI2uusthfYbs1sYuQM1i8j7W40lq3eWppvt8WGrOGBlmzCbVXJLyvO-Awc-T8wUiaFlJvkBekcdcPkF4PDdkenjxopy4DM1pKOniZ~8KNInkncb8Wr86D0976vPKFHamXYvmCJxHy3f1VyrLxmVzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60443377/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60443377/mini_magick20190830-12317-xh72rj.png?1567208237"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":15,"ordered_authors":[{"id":15490804,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Travis","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"catherineTravis","display_name":"Catherine E Travis","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/catherineTravis","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15490804/5563436/69781675/s65_catherine.travis.jpg"},{"id":49743671,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Gonzalez","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"SimonGonzalez","display_name":"Simon Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/SimonGonzalez","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49743671/13078638/14407306/s65_simon.gonzalez.jpg"},{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8938,"name":"Sociophonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociophonetics"}],"publication_year":2020,"publication_year_with_fallback":2020,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":364,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40505947 coauthored" data-work_id="40505947" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40505947/Recursive_forced_alignment_A_test_on_a_minority_language">Recursive forced alignment: A test on a minority language</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We compare recursive and linear approaches to force-aligned data from Matukar Panau, an endangered language of Papua New Guinea. Data were force aligned with the train/align procedure in the Montreal Forced Aligner. Using manual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40505947" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We compare recursive and linear approaches to force-aligned data from Matukar Panau, an endangered language of Papua New Guinea. Data were force aligned with the train/align procedure in the Montreal Forced Aligner. Using manual alignments produced by a trained phonetician as a benchmark, the recursive approach was found to outperform the linear approach. The recursive approach produced alignments that overlapped more with those made by human coders, and resulted in fewer fluctuations in both Overlap Rate and Error Rate. We conclude that a recursive approach enhances the quality of automated alignment of languages lacking a pre-existing acoustic model.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40505947" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a683255db449f58e0f19a0676ecaa77f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60777786,"asset_id":40505947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60777786/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40505947">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40505947"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/catherineTravis">Catherine E Travis</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/Sim%C3%B3nGonz%C3%A1lez">Simón González</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40505947'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40505947').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40505947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40505947"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40505947, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40505947", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40505947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40505947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40505947"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40505947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40505947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40505947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40505947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40505947").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40505947").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40505947"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Sciences">Speech Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5390" type="text/json">{"id":5390,"name":"Speech Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Sciences","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16164" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Languages">Minority Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16164" type="text/json">{"id":16164,"name":"Minority Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Languages","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2495923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forced_Alignment">Forced Alignment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2495923" type="text/json">{"id":581652,"name":"Data Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Processing","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40505947]'), work: {"id":40505947,"title":"Recursive forced alignment: A test on a minority language","created_at":"2019-10-02T19:34:24.629-07:00","owner_id":30969901,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/40505947/Recursive_forced_alignment_A_test_on_a_minority_language","slug":"Recursive_forced_alignment_A_test_on_a_minority_language","dom_id":"work_40505947","summary":"We compare recursive and linear approaches to force-aligned data from Matukar Panau, an endangered language of Papua New Guinea. Data were force aligned with the train/align procedure in the Montreal Forced Aligner. Using manual alignments produced by a trained phonetician as a benchmark, the recursive approach was found to outperform the linear approach. The recursive approach produced alignments that overlapped more with those made by human coders, and resulted in fewer fluctuations in both Overlap Rate and Error Rate. We conclude that a recursive approach enhances the quality of automated alignment of languages lacking a pre-existing acoustic 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href="https://www.academia.edu/40505980/Initiation_progression_and_conditioning_of_the_short_front_vowel_shift_in_Australia">Initiation, progression, and conditioning of the short-front vowel shift in Australia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper investigates the initiation, progression, and conditioning of the short-front vowel shift in Australian English as observed in a sociolinguistic corpus capturing 40 years in real time (from the 1970s to today). Acoustic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40505980" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper investigates the initiation, progression, and conditioning of the short-front vowel shift in Australian English as observed in a sociolinguistic corpus capturing 40 years in real time (from the 1970s to today). Acoustic analyses of over 10,000 tokens reveal that the lowering and retraction of KIT, DRESS and TRAP was preceded by movement in BATH. This suggests that the short-front vowel shift was structurally triggered by BATH moving away from a canonical low position and providing room for TRAP retraction, mirroring the triggering event for similar shifts in other English dialects. We also find that while pre-obstruent TRAP lowers over time, pre-nasal TRAP maintains a high position, resulting in a split-nasal system. Additionally, variance in vowel categories appears to decrease as changes crystalise, suggesting that greater within-category variability is a precursor to vocalic movement. These findings bear on the short-front vowel shift as a worldwide phenomenon in English.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40505980" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd07bfe5f1498b8029eeac34ddf3e3a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60777828,"asset_id":40505980,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60777828/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40505980">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40505980"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/catherineTravis">Catherine E Travis</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/Sim%C3%B3nGonz%C3%A1lez">Simón González</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40505980'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40505980').html(); 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DIMENSIONS OF VARIANCE AND CONTRAST IN THE LOW BACK MERGER AND THE LOW-BACK- MERGER SHIFT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In keeping with the work in this volume (Becker 2019), we investigate the relationship between the Low Back Merger and the Low-Back-Merger Shift (LBMS), specifically to determine whether overlap of the low back vowels bot and bought... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41717731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In keeping with the work in this volume (Becker 2019), we investigate the relationship between the Low Back Merger and the Low-Back-Merger Shift (LBMS), specifically to determine whether overlap of the low back vowels bot and bought precipitates lowering and backing of the short front vowels bit, bet, and bat or whether the two phenomena are coincidental. 1 We draw upon elicited and conversational interview data from contemporary young Californians, one of the North American varieties of English closely identified as a locus of the coincidence of the merger and the shift.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41717731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcfa38ffc7b55fb429cdf7bf2c6f95b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61877215,"asset_id":41717731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61877215/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41717731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41717731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41717731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41717731", }); 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41717752/Using_forced_alignment_for_sociophonetic_research_on_a_minority_language">Using forced alignment for sociophonetic research on a minority language</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Until recently, large-scale phonetic analyses have been out of reach for under-documented languages, but with the advent of methodologies such as forced alignment, they have now become possible. This paper describes a methodology for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41717752" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Until recently, large-scale phonetic analyses have been out of reach for under-documented languages, but with the advent of methodologies such as forced alignment, they have now become possible. This paper describes a methodology for applying forced alignment (using the Montreal Forced Aligner) to a speech corpus of Matukar Panau, a minority language spoken in Papua New Guinea. We obtained measurements for 68,785 vowel tokens, produced in both narrative and conversational data by 34 speakers. We examined the social conditioning on a subset of these vowels according to traditional sociolinguistic categories of age and gender, and also consider the impact of clan as a major axis of organization in this community. We show that there is a role for clan as a sociolinguistic factor in conditioning the variation observed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41717752" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3ed8a05da4ea2054d39aa1e472b157a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61877239,"asset_id":41717752,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61877239/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41717752 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41717752"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41717752, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41717752", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41717752 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41717752; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41717752"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41717752 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41717752"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41717752; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41717752]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41717752").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41717752").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41717752"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="986298" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology_of_Linguistic_Research">Methodology of Linguistic Research</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="986298" type="text/json">{"id":8938,"name":"Sociophonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociophonetics","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2495923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forced_Alignment">Forced Alignment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2495923" type="text/json">{"id":20606,"name":"Papua New Guinea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papua_New_Guinea","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41717752]'), work: {"id":41717752,"title":"Using forced alignment for sociophonetic research on a minority language","created_at":"2020-01-23T19:01:26.326-08:00","owner_id":30969901,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/41717752/Using_forced_alignment_for_sociophonetic_research_on_a_minority_language","slug":"Using_forced_alignment_for_sociophonetic_research_on_a_minority_language","dom_id":"work_41717752","summary":"Until recently, large-scale phonetic analyses have been out of reach for under-documented languages, but with the advent of methodologies such as forced alignment, they have now become possible. This paper describes a methodology for applying forced alignment (using the Montreal Forced Aligner) to a speech corpus of Matukar Panau, a minority language spoken in Papua New Guinea. We obtained measurements for 68,785 vowel tokens, produced in both narrative and conversational data by 34 speakers. We examined the social conditioning on a subset of these vowels according to traditional sociolinguistic categories of age and gender, and also consider the impact of clan as a major axis of organization in this community. We show that there is a role for clan as a sociolinguistic factor in conditioning the variation observed.","publication":"University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics","publication_with_fallback":"University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61877239,"asset_id":41717752,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61877239/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61877239/Barth__Grama__Gonzalez__Travis_2020_-_Using_forced_alignment_for_sociophonetic_research20200123-35666-ph5f84-libre.pdf?1579835175=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUsing_forced_alignment_for_sociophonetic.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116952\u0026Signature=Xj-5PRQre2YnoONtYq-xRvlwIyqjd7W7w7Cg-OyEeZhpdHt5kGUsZ8swwe3IARiWuZaoJLRWZz8h2O~-5ETUkx6mCoAeHAqVNRmTZJUqa11oLCGHJBD8p1SBMcquhKxsy6AaGEXw432ISBzbgNXlC~PNkfbAZ2zOflxejwdVLjd7Cogj5PJ-VtX6BMgzI551Hjc8jkU4XPhyTlZiBPnkbkk5Py4sYnJcwrOIT0IvE3q~7Qh~mXuE2FOqCeTINSutBiWnBzenz~bvi~CRo~6EMlVLMNHiNQYVa3iHfUQW1~d~1CWe9Xx9Yp~1~ow8uvZdMsMiIZqv3W39z9MiBNt3Cg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61877239/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/61877239/mini_magick20200123-26898-17h7cz3.png?1579836694"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":61877239,"asset_id":41717752,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61877239/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61877239/Barth__Grama__Gonzalez__Travis_2020_-_Using_forced_alignment_for_sociophonetic_research20200123-35666-ph5f84-libre.pdf?1579835175=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUsing_forced_alignment_for_sociophonetic.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116952\u0026Signature=Xj-5PRQre2YnoONtYq-xRvlwIyqjd7W7w7Cg-OyEeZhpdHt5kGUsZ8swwe3IARiWuZaoJLRWZz8h2O~-5ETUkx6mCoAeHAqVNRmTZJUqa11oLCGHJBD8p1SBMcquhKxsy6AaGEXw432ISBzbgNXlC~PNkfbAZ2zOflxejwdVLjd7Cogj5PJ-VtX6BMgzI551Hjc8jkU4XPhyTlZiBPnkbkk5Py4sYnJcwrOIT0IvE3q~7Qh~mXuE2FOqCeTINSutBiWnBzenz~bvi~CRo~6EMlVLMNHiNQYVa3iHfUQW1~d~1CWe9Xx9Yp~1~ow8uvZdMsMiIZqv3W39z9MiBNt3Cg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61877239/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/61877239/mini_magick20200123-26898-17h7cz3.png?1579836694"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":12,"ordered_authors":[{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8938,"name":"Sociophonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociophonetics","nofollow":true},{"id":20606,"name":"Papua New Guinea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papua_New_Guinea","nofollow":true},{"id":986298,"name":"Methodology of Linguistic Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology_of_Linguistic_Research"},{"id":1240721,"name":"Matukar Panau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matukar_Panau"},{"id":2495923,"name":"Forced Alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forced_Alignment"}],"publication_year":2020,"publication_year_with_fallback":2020,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":45,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48652764" data-work_id="48652764" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48652764/Comparing_the_performance_of_forced_aligners_used_in_sociophonetic_research">Comparing the performance of forced aligners used in sociophonetic research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Forced aligners have revolutionized sociophonetics, but while there are several forced aligners available, there are few systematic comparisons of their performance. Here, we consider four major forced aligners used in sociophonetics... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48652764" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Forced aligners have revolutionized sociophonetics, but while there are several forced aligners<br />available, there are few systematic comparisons of their performance. Here, we consider four major forced<br />aligners used in sociophonetics today: MAUS, FAVE, LaBB-CAT and MFA. Through comparisons with human<br />coders, we find that both aligner and phonological context affect the quality of automated alignments of<br />vowels extracted from English sociolinguistic interview data. MFA and LaBB-CAT produce the highest quality<br />alignments, in some cases not significantly different from human alignment, followed by FAVE, and then<br />MAUS. Aligners are less accurate placing boundaries following a vowel than preceding it, and they vary in<br />accuracy across manner of articulation, particularly for following boundaries. These observations allow us<br />to make specific recommendations for manual correction of forced alignment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48652764" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b3c50c113b398564a04d7d8f26bdcb9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67113842,"asset_id":48652764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67113842/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48652764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48652764"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48652764, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48652764", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48652764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48652764; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48652764"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48652764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48652764"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48652764; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48652764]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48652764").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48652764").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49635446" data-work_id="49635446" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49635446/Ethnolectal_and_community_change_ov_er_time_Word_final_er_in_Australian_English">Ethnolectal and community change ov(er) time: Word-final (er) in Australian English</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Increased global migration to international urban centres has motivated a growing interest in ethnolects and the role migrant communities play in language variation and change. Here, we consider ethnolectal variation in real and apparent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49635446" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Increased global migration to international urban centres has motivated a growing interest in ethnolects and the role migrant communities play in language variation and change. Here, we consider ethnolectal variation in real and apparent time, by examining the realization of word-final (er) (e.g. teacher, remember) in Australian English. We capitalize on sociolinguistic interview data collected by Barbara Horvath in Sydney in the 1970s as a benchmark against which to compare newly collected<br />recordings with Sydneysiders in the 2010s. Approximately 15,000 tokens of word-final (er) were extracted from the speech of nearly 200 people, including Anglo-Australians, and second-generation migrants of Italian, Greek and Chinese background. Acoustic analyses of vowel duration and position in the vowel space reveal incremental lengthening with concomitant lowering and backing over time for (er), though only in prosodically final position. This change was led by Greek and Italian teenagers in the 1970s, then taken up by working class women, and today, has been adopted across the community. Tracking this change in real and apparent time provides evidence that ethnolectal features may be adopted by the wider community, with ethnic minorities playing a leading role in language change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49635446" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0fe7e257820c31990a25a35cec5695e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67937993,"asset_id":49635446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67937993/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49635446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49635446"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49635446, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49635446", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49635446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49635446; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49635446"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49635446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49635446"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49635446; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49635446]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49635446").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49635446").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49635446"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2525" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change">Language Variation and Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2525" type="text/json">{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="372303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_English">Australian English</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="372303" type="text/json">{"id":8938,"name":"Sociophonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociophonetics","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49635446]'), work: {"id":49635446,"title":"Ethnolectal and community change ov(er) time: Word-final (er) in Australian English","created_at":"2021-07-09T01:23:03.202-07:00","owner_id":30969901,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/49635446/Ethnolectal_and_community_change_ov_er_time_Word_final_er_in_Australian_English","slug":"Ethnolectal_and_community_change_ov_er_time_Word_final_er_in_Australian_English","dom_id":"work_49635446","summary":"Increased global migration to international urban centres has motivated a growing interest in ethnolects and the role migrant communities play in language variation and change. Here, we consider ethnolectal variation in real and apparent time, by examining the realization of word-final (er) (e.g. teacher, remember) in Australian English. We capitalize on sociolinguistic interview data collected by Barbara Horvath in Sydney in the 1970s as a benchmark against which to compare newly collected\nrecordings with Sydneysiders in the 2010s. Approximately 15,000 tokens of word-final (er) were extracted from the speech of nearly 200 people, including Anglo-Australians, and second-generation migrants of Italian, Greek and Chinese background. Acoustic analyses of vowel duration and position in the vowel space reveal incremental lengthening with concomitant lowering and backing over time for (er), though only in prosodically final position. This change was led by Greek and Italian teenagers in the 1970s, then taken up by working class women, and today, has been adopted across the community. Tracking this change in real and apparent time provides evidence that ethnolectal features may be adopted by the wider community, with ethnic minorities playing a leading role in language change.","publication":"AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS","publication_with_fallback":"AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67937993,"asset_id":49635446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67937993/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67937993/Grama_et_al._2020_Ethnolectal_and_community_change_ov_er_time-libre.pdf?1625819407=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEthnolectal_and_community_change_ov_er_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116952\u0026Signature=e4~Hr8MD1CW9lw-E9iE0w2zO2En2ZK-N8zIUIXJhqYICBJVgD51HwqKapL2~1heecDTiVt8ZPnGc8P4yQP7ngm0PQfIz4ozlvAwnZonJS-KGhhwonC-kTc-IQfPb09TMDGzLolLAwOk2mRV1zMoHHIQ9DWqSO4vxt6A2o8CFpcSJAwbBbUjpBzmk~wopTrq9lYQmCKGEeg4WX-yEG05g1w2opZ9IQvoCDlKYOxsyT3xH4LUeKeDWFixzJ4dJDI8t-mO4VQkVnECDIHI~dIuw3mg0x2k1QNbxxVcrE-vPpZWd-XOa8Poog76U7BH63W~ltHd3i1nz7F-4VQocbiOUMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67937993/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/67937993/mini_magick20210709-21244-11yjfoy.png?1625819027"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":67937993,"asset_id":49635446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67937993/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67937993/Grama_et_al._2020_Ethnolectal_and_community_change_ov_er_time-libre.pdf?1625819407=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEthnolectal_and_community_change_ov_er_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116952\u0026Signature=e4~Hr8MD1CW9lw-E9iE0w2zO2En2ZK-N8zIUIXJhqYICBJVgD51HwqKapL2~1heecDTiVt8ZPnGc8P4yQP7ngm0PQfIz4ozlvAwnZonJS-KGhhwonC-kTc-IQfPb09TMDGzLolLAwOk2mRV1zMoHHIQ9DWqSO4vxt6A2o8CFpcSJAwbBbUjpBzmk~wopTrq9lYQmCKGEeg4WX-yEG05g1w2opZ9IQvoCDlKYOxsyT3xH4LUeKeDWFixzJ4dJDI8t-mO4VQkVnECDIHI~dIuw3mg0x2k1QNbxxVcrE-vPpZWd-XOa8Poog76U7BH63W~ltHd3i1nz7F-4VQocbiOUMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67937993/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/67937993/mini_magick20210709-21244-11yjfoy.png?1625819027"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":24,"ordered_authors":[{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change","nofollow":true},{"id":8938,"name":"Sociophonetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociophonetics","nofollow":true},{"id":61796,"name":"Ethnolects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnolects"},{"id":372303,"name":"Australian English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_English"}],"publication_year":2020,"publication_year_with_fallback":2020,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":89,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49635515" data-work_id="49635515" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49635515/Ethnic_variation_in_real_time_Change_in_Australian_English_diphthongs">Ethnic variation in real time Change in Australian English diphthongs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethnic and ethnolectal variation in migrant communities have received much attention, but the manifestation and longevity of this variation is not yet well understood. Capitalising on Barbara Horvath's foundational study of social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49635515" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnic and ethnolectal variation in migrant communities have received much attention, but the manifestation and longevity of this variation is not yet well understood. Capitalising on Barbara Horvath's foundational study of social variation in Australian English, and a comparable, recent corpus of sociolinguistic interviews (Sydney Speaks 2010s), we present a real-time test of ethnic variation in the speech of approximately 170 Australians over a 40-year period. We examine the speech of Anglo-, Italian-and Chinese-Australians, focusing on five diphthongs considered to be characteristic of Australian English. Analyses of over 20,000 tokens reveal no wholesale differences among ethnic groups, but they do reveal some differences in the progression and social conditioning of changes over time, which we argue are best understood in relation to the social nature of the changes undergone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49635515" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="348d54d08c0871f5e3bb39c5a0c1732d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67938052,"asset_id":49635515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67938052/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49635515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49635515"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49635515, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49635515", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49635515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49635515; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49635515"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49635515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49635515"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49635515; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49635515]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49635515").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49635515").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49635515"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2525" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change">Language Variation and Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2525" type="text/json">{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="372303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_English">Australian English</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="372303" type="text/json">{"id":6147,"name":"Diphthongs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diphthongs","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49635515]'), work: {"id":49635515,"title":"Ethnic variation in real time Change in Australian English diphthongs","created_at":"2021-07-09T01:29:33.384-07:00","owner_id":30969901,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/49635515/Ethnic_variation_in_real_time_Change_in_Australian_English_diphthongs","slug":"Ethnic_variation_in_real_time_Change_in_Australian_English_diphthongs","dom_id":"work_49635515","summary":"Ethnic and ethnolectal variation in migrant communities have received much attention, but the manifestation and longevity of this variation is not yet well understood. Capitalising on Barbara Horvath's foundational study of social variation in Australian English, and a comparable, recent corpus of sociolinguistic interviews (Sydney Speaks 2010s), we present a real-time test of ethnic variation in the speech of approximately 170 Australians over a 40-year period. We examine the speech of Anglo-, Italian-and Chinese-Australians, focusing on five diphthongs considered to be characteristic of Australian English. Analyses of over 20,000 tokens reveal no wholesale differences among ethnic groups, but they do reveal some differences in the progression and social conditioning of changes over time, which we argue are best understood in relation to the social nature of the changes undergone.","publication":"Studies in Language Variation","publication_with_fallback":"Studies in Language Variation","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67938052,"asset_id":49635515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67938052/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67938052/Grama_Travis_Gonzalez_2021_Ethnic_variation_in_real_time-libre.pdf?1625819407=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEthnic_variation_in_real_time_Change_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116952\u0026Signature=RQEuDlPUI6Rby~vjC-VBk11QfP2bv2ahTBgHMB42uLmDb-vawtqKXy48OJANjjqf45ZKFsJJuOHO9iwvFBIAGILvkxJdMkfN6oLj0RB0bMOYsuqujTPkIbaWm7IRRUGOhH0Je6aZAzhRpewuM9Sq~upNZ6l~CY~2GQv9ijegBTHj-n8D3Js9T9brv76r7Yifnk7BmGdPc-JYwLd6HDQfUBEdJ0cutxvAq7NDEA2bUPxMYPKmpaPXo77u7kV9iXxk2T7W23xXZQeQhiyVYRf9hU6A5q7JXMBoZ7J0Cw9YxQW6huxnC4cOnWhmF-65sNKPmft4XXF7~CB6B5sRvl-tMg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67938052/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/67938052/mini_magick20210709-13192-1jvgohf.png?1625819492"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":67938052,"asset_id":49635515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67938052/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/67938052/Grama_Travis_Gonzalez_2021_Ethnic_variation_in_real_time-libre.pdf?1625819407=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEthnic_variation_in_real_time_Change_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1743116952\u0026Signature=RQEuDlPUI6Rby~vjC-VBk11QfP2bv2ahTBgHMB42uLmDb-vawtqKXy48OJANjjqf45ZKFsJJuOHO9iwvFBIAGILvkxJdMkfN6oLj0RB0bMOYsuqujTPkIbaWm7IRRUGOhH0Je6aZAzhRpewuM9Sq~upNZ6l~CY~2GQv9ijegBTHj-n8D3Js9T9brv76r7Yifnk7BmGdPc-JYwLd6HDQfUBEdJ0cutxvAq7NDEA2bUPxMYPKmpaPXo77u7kV9iXxk2T7W23xXZQeQhiyVYRf9hU6A5q7JXMBoZ7J0Cw9YxQW6huxnC4cOnWhmF-65sNKPmft4XXF7~CB6B5sRvl-tMg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67938052/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/67938052/mini_magick20210709-13192-1jvgohf.png?1625819492"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":24,"ordered_authors":[{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change","nofollow":true},{"id":6147,"name":"Diphthongs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diphthongs","nofollow":true},{"id":61796,"name":"Ethnolects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnolects"},{"id":117873,"name":"Vowels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vowels"},{"id":372303,"name":"Australian English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_English"}],"publication_year":2021,"publication_year_with_fallback":2021,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":105,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49635565" data-work_id="49635565" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49635565/Australian_English_over_Time_Using_Sociolinguistic_Analysis_to_Inform_Dialect_Coaching">Australian English over Time: Using Sociolinguistic Analysis to Inform Dialect Coaching</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Depictions of Australian English in theater and film by non-Australian performers are often met with negative public reactions by Australian audiences. This partially stems from misconceptions about Australian vowel pronunciations (e.g.,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49635565" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Depictions of Australian English in theater and film by non-Australian performers are often met with negative public reactions by Australian audiences. This partially stems from misconceptions about Australian vowel pronunciations (e.g., that mate and might are homophones); however, there is also a general lack of awareness about how Australian English has changed over time. Research in dialect coaching has long argued that dialect practitioners and learners must have sociolinguistic awareness of the phonetic reality of the dialect being represented. This paper is a resource to assist in the development of such awareness. Research methods from sociolinguistics and phonetics are applied to provide a detailed description of Australian English vowels as evidenced in a large, longitudinal corpus of spontaneous speech data. The corpus captures the speech of 95 Anglo-Celtic Australians in Australia’s largest city, Sydney, and includes recordings made at two points in time (1970s and 2010s) with speakers born between 1914 and 1999. The empirical description of vowel productions over time presented here provides a guide for dialect coaches and performers alike for application in their work with Australian English.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49635565" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5633b68915133482dc3eba5847b86403" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67938087,"asset_id":49635565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67938087/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49635565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49635565"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49635565, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49635565", }); 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The empirical description of vowel productions over time presented here provides a guide for dialect coaches and performers alike for application in their work with Australian English.","publication":"Voice and Speech Review","publication_with_fallback":"Voice and Speech 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65933549/De_tawk_dakain_ova_dea_mapping_language_ideologies_on_Oahu">De tawk dakain ova dea": mapping language ideologies on O'ahu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study provides the first examination of perceptual dialectology within Hawaiʻi. While previous work investigated Hawaiʻi Locals’ beliefs about language use, it located Hawaiʻi within the context of the United States. In contrast,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65933549" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study provides the first examination of perceptual dialectology within Hawaiʻi. While previous work investigated Hawaiʻi Locals’ beliefs about language use, it located Hawaiʻi within the context of the United States. In contrast, respondents in this study focus on the island of Oʻahu. Using a blank map, respondents mark boundaries where they believe language is used differently on the island, specifying the ways in which they feel the speech differs. The results demonstrate that respondents associate particular regions with the use of either Pidgin or English, and that the areas most closely associated with Pidgin are the same areas as those where people are said to speak the “heaviest” Pidgin. Some subjects also include other languages on the maps, while other subjects focus on differences in speakers’ ethnicities, suggesting that beliefs about language use and region may be at least partially due to each of their respective associations with ethnicity</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65933549" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aed6c3511a7b92e75e0f1d919e43087a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77317780,"asset_id":65933549,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77317780/download_file?st=MTc0MzEyNzk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30969901" href="https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama">James Grama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30969901" type="text/json">{"id":30969901,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grama","domain_name":"uni-due","page_name":"JamesGrama","display_name":"James Grama","profile_url":"https://uni-due.academia.edu/JamesGrama","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30969901/9066838/11872157/s65_james.grama.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65933549 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65933549"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65933549, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65933549", }); 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