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data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fladry" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Fladry&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p><b>Fladry</b> is a rope mounted along the top of a <a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">fence</a>, from which are suspended strips of fabric or colored flags, that will flap in a breeze. They are intended to deter <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolves</a> from crossing the line.<sup id="cite_ref-musiani_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musiani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fladry lines have been used for this purpose for several centuries, traditionally for hunting wolves in Eastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-musiani_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musiani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may be used to protect <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> in small pastures from wolves.<sup id="cite_ref-musiani_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musiani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are effective temporarily, as the novelty may soon wear off, usually between three and five months. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fladry_line.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fladry_line.jpg/220px-Fladry_line.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fladry_line.jpg/330px-Fladry_line.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fladry_line.jpg/440px-Fladry_line.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="989"></a><figcaption>Illustration of Fladry use</figcaption></figure> <p>Sometimes this technique is used to alert horses and cattle to the presence of a fence, as the use of smoothwire fences and one strand of electric may not be seen by an animal unfamiliar with such. </p><p>The use of fladry also has been suggested among techniques to prevent wolves from being attracted to dead stock that may be in conditions that make it difficult for ranchers to remove or bury the carcasses,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which endangers the livestock herd once the wolves are attracted. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fladry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Russian singer and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vysotsky" title="Vladimir Vysotsky">Vladimir Vysotsky</a> (1938-1980) mentions fladry in his famous song "Wolf Hunt" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Охота на волков</span>; 1968). Fladry is used here as a symbol of treacherous attitude of hunters toward the animals, but it may be understood as a metaphor of the stance of powers-that-be toward the people of free spirit. The "Wolf Hunt" was one of the most famous songs in the USSR during the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-84520-215-5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-84520-215-5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 156">: 156 </span></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fladry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-musiani-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-musiani_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-musiani_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-musiani_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMusianiMAMO,_C.BOITANI,_L.CALLAGHAN,_C.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Musiani, Marco; MAMO, C.; BOITANI, L.; CALLAGHAN, C.; GATES, C. C.; MATTEI, L.; VISALBERGHI, E.; BRECK, S.; VOLPI, G (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1616&context=icwdm_usdanwrc">"Wolf Depredation Trends and the Use of Fladry Barriers to Protect Livestock in Western North America"</a>. <i>Conservation Biology</i>. <b>17</b> (6): 1538–1547. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ConBi..17.1538M">2003ConBi..17.1538M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2003.00063.x">10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00063.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86753942">86753942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Wolf+Depredation+Trends+and+the+Use+of+Fladry+Barriers+to+Protect+Livestock+in+Western+North+America&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1538-1547&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86753942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2003.00063.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ConBi..17.1538M&rft.aulast=Musiani&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=MAMO%2C+C.&rft.au=BOITANI%2C+L.&rft.au=CALLAGHAN%2C+C.&rft.au=GATES%2C+C.+C.&rft.au=MATTEI%2C+L.&rft.au=VISALBERGHI%2C+E.&rft.au=BRECK%2C+S.&rft.au=VOLPI%2C+G&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1616%26context%3Dicwdm_usdanwrc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFladry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levy, Max G., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/these-non-lethal-methods-encouraged-science-can-keep-wolves-killing-livestock-180976505/">These Non-Lethal Methods Encouraged by Science Can Keep Wolves From Killing Livestock</a></i>, Smithsonian, January 11, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-84520-215-5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-84520-215-5_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeumers,_Birgit2009" class="citation book cs1">Beumers, Birgit (2009). <i>A History of Russian Cinema</i>. 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