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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Goals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-What_is_green_exercise_?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_is_green_exercise_?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>What is green exercise ?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-What_is_green_exercise_?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_green_exercise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_green_exercise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Examples of green exercise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_green_exercise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-What_does_"green"_really_mean?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_does_"green"_really_mean?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>What does "green" really mean?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-What_does_"green"_really_mean?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Research summary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research_summary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research summary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_of_Essex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Essex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>University of Essex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Essex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_of_Canberra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Canberra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>University of Canberra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Canberra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deakin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deakin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Deakin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deakin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-QUT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#QUT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>QUT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-QUT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_discussion_questions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_discussion_questions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Research and discussion questions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_discussion_questions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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href="/wiki/File:Ryanscontribs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ryanscontribs.svg/36px-Ryanscontribs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ryanscontribs.svg/54px-Ryanscontribs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ryanscontribs.svg/72px-Ryanscontribs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></td> <td class="projectbox-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Resources_by_type" title="Help:Resources by type">Type classification</a></b>: this is a <a href="/wiki/Category:Notes" title="Category:Notes">notes</a> resource.</td> </tr></tbody></table> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2414743">.mw-parser-output .projectbox{float:right;clear:right;margin:5px 0 5px 5px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid}.mw-parser-output .projectbox-table{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;margin:0;width:228px}.mw-parser-output .projectbox-image{border:0;text-align:center;width:45px;height:45px}.mw-parser-output .projectbox-text{border:0;font-size:8pt;line-height:1.25em;padding:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .projectbox{margin:5px 0}}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Overview"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is growing interest in the potential physical and mental health benefits of <b>green exercise</b> (exercising in natural environments). </p><p>This page contains some research notes and summaries for those conducting or interested in green exercise <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goals">Goals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Goals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Goals"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goals this resource is working towards include: </p> <ol><li>Understanding what "green exercise" is.</li> <li>Reviewing the theoretical and empirical green exercise literature</li> <li>Documenting theories, models, and processes involved in the physical and psychology effects of "green exercise".</li> <li>Developing methodologies to better understand the potential benefits and mechanisms of green exercise.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_is_green_exercise_?"><span id="What_is_green_exercise_.3F"></span>What is green exercise ?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: What is green exercise ?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: What is green exercise ?"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Green exercise is activity in the presence of nature." (Barton & Pretty, 2010, p. 3947) </p><p>Green exercise is physical activities undertaken whilst exposed to natural environments (Pretty et al., 2005). </p><p>Green exercise, in its simplest form, is <a href="/wiki/Physical_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercise">physical exercise</a> performed in (relatively) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/natural_environment" class="extiw" title="w:natural environment">natural environments</a> (Mackay & Neill, 2010<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; Neill, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:What_is_green_exercise.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/What_is_green_exercise.svg/300px-What_is_green_exercise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/What_is_green_exercise.svg/450px-What_is_green_exercise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/What_is_green_exercise.svg/600px-What_is_green_exercise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_green_exercise">Examples of green exercise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples of green exercise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Examples of green exercise"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="center" style=""> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_bike_ParcoSibillini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Outdoor recreation activities e.g., Mountain biking and Cross-country running."><img alt="Outdoor recreation activities e.g., Mountain biking and Cross-country running." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mountain_bike_ParcoSibillini.jpg/120px-Mountain_bike_ParcoSibillini.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mountain_bike_ParcoSibillini.jpg/180px-Mountain_bike_ParcoSibillini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mountain_bike_ParcoSibillini.jpg/240px-Mountain_bike_ParcoSibillini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2827" data-file-height="1963" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Outdoor recreation activities e.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mountain_biking" class="extiw" title="w:mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cross-country_running" class="extiw" title="w:cross-country running">Cross-country running</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conway_lake_canoeing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Water-based exercise activities e.g., Canoeing, Kayaking, Rafting, Sailing."><img alt="Water-based exercise activities e.g., Canoeing, Kayaking, Rafting, Sailing." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Conway_lake_canoeing.JPG/120px-Conway_lake_canoeing.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Conway_lake_canoeing.JPG/180px-Conway_lake_canoeing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Conway_lake_canoeing.JPG/240px-Conway_lake_canoeing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Water-based exercise activities e.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/canoeing" class="extiw" title="w:canoeing">Canoeing</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kayaking" class="extiw" title="w:kayaking">Kayaking</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rafting" class="extiw" title="w:rafting">Rafting</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sailing" class="extiw" title="w:sailing">Sailing</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Planting_at_Our_Community_Place_Harrisonburg_VA_April_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gardening is one of the most popular forms of green exercise."><img alt="Gardening is one of the most popular forms of green exercise." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Planting_at_Our_Community_Place_Harrisonburg_VA_April_2008.jpg/112px-Planting_at_Our_Community_Place_Harrisonburg_VA_April_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Planting_at_Our_Community_Place_Harrisonburg_VA_April_2008.jpg/168px-Planting_at_Our_Community_Place_Harrisonburg_VA_April_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Planting_at_Our_Community_Place_Harrisonburg_VA_April_2008.jpg/224px-Planting_at_Our_Community_Place_Harrisonburg_VA_April_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2092" data-file-height="2242" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening" class="extiw" title="w:Gardening">Gardening</a> is one of the most popular forms of green exercise.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brean_Beach_Gill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sensual exploration of self in nature e.g., time at beach"><img alt="Sensual exploration of self in nature e.g., time at beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Brean_Beach_Gill.jpg/120px-Brean_Beach_Gill.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Brean_Beach_Gill.jpg/180px-Brean_Beach_Gill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Brean_Beach_Gill.jpg/240px-Brean_Beach_Gill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sensual exploration of self in nature e.g., time at beach </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_girl_buried_up_to_her_neck_in_sand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Direct contact with nature exercises the sensory capacity, brain, and emotions e.g., outdoor play."><img alt="Direct contact with nature exercises the sensory capacity, brain, and emotions e.g., outdoor play." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Little_girl_buried_up_to_her_neck_in_sand.jpg/105px-Little_girl_buried_up_to_her_neck_in_sand.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Little_girl_buried_up_to_her_neck_in_sand.jpg/157px-Little_girl_buried_up_to_her_neck_in_sand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Little_girl_buried_up_to_her_neck_in_sand.jpg/209px-Little_girl_buried_up_to_her_neck_in_sand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1147" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Direct contact with nature exercises the sensory capacity, brain, and emotions e.g., outdoor play.</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_does_"green"_really_mean?"><span id="What_does_.22green.22_really_mean.3F"></span>What does "green" really mean?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: What does "green" really mean?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: What does "green" really mean?"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Green" is a somewhat problematic term and interpretation of "green" warrants further consideration. "Green" is a proxy for "natural" - or the relatively absence of "artificial". </p><p>"Greenness" can be conceptualised and measured: </p> <ul><li>Objectively: e.g., Sugiyama, Leslie, Giles-Corti, and Owen (2008) define “green” environments as vegetated areas such as parks, open spaces, and playgrounds.</li> <li>Subjectively: e.g., green exercise as exercise performed in environments with a greater ratio of natural to artificial elements than is typically encountered by that person in everyday life.</li></ul> <p>There is also the issue of green vs. natural. They do not always go together. Many natural environments are not green (and some artificial environments are green). Thus, the green in green exercise is not meant literarally, but rather figuratively to refer to naturalness (vs. artificialness) of an environment. Further conceptualisation and measurement of “greenness”, particularly as a psychological construct, however, remains underexplored (Bodin & Hartig, 2003). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory">Theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Theory" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Theory"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Understandings of green exercise potential can potentially draw on and test aspects of several different theories including: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biophilia" class="extiw" title="w:biophilia">Biophilia</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a>,</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/attention_restoration_theory" class="extiw" title="w:attention restoration theory">Attention Restoration Theory</a></li> <li>Exercise psychology theories such as: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermogenic_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermogenic hypothesis (page does not exist)">Thermogenic hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_fitness" class="extiw" title="w:Cardiovascular fitness">Cardiovascular conditioning</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_summary">Research summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Research summary" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Research summary"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Essex">University of Essex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: University of Essex" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: University of Essex"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main researcher in the area of green exercise to date has been Professor Jules Pretty et al. at the University of Essex. The key studies are: </p> <ul><li>Pretty et al. (2005)</li> <li>Pretty et al. (2007)</li> <li>Barton & Pretty (2010). <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://greenexercise.org">http://greenexercise.org</a> for a summary of their research work.</li></ul> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Recent research has investigated the effects on depression and overall mental health of exercising outside in a nature-based setting, such as a park—termed ‘green exercise’. Pretty et al. (2005), reporting on a study involving simulated green exercise (exercise on a treadmill while exposed to photographs of green spaces compared with other spaces), found that green exercise appears to have benefits both for cardiovascular health and mental health. A subsequent study by Peacock, Hine and Pretty (2007) compared exercising outdoors (in a ‘Country Park’) and exercising indoors (in a shopping centre). In comparison to the indoor exercise, the outdoor exercise was found to have more positive outcomes in terms of mood, and to be associated with an increase in the level of vigour or energy. </td> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>(p. 16, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.healthyparkshealthypeoplecongress.org/images/stories/documents/hphp.pdf.pdf">http://www.healthyparkshealthypeoplecongress.org/images/stories/documents/hphp.pdf.pdf</a>) </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Research conducted at the University of Essex identified four principal reasons why people enjoy green exercise: <ol><li>natural and social connections—being with friends and family, bonding with pets, watching wildlife, evoking memories of happier times in the past (e.g., special outings), stimulating spiritual feelings</li> <li>sensory stimulation—noting colors and sounds from nature’s diversity, breathing fresh air, being exposed to weather, experiencing a sense of adventure/excitement/fun, enjoying an escape from pollution</li> <li>activity—learning manual skills, achieving physically challenging tasks, enjoying the energy of physical activities</li> <li>escape from modern life—having time to think and reflect/clear the head, getting away from pressures and stress, recharging batteries</li></ol> </td> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>(Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.inneridea.com/library/news/body-mind-benefits-of-green-excercises">http://www.inneridea.com/library/news/body-mind-benefits-of-green-excercises</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Canberra">University of Canberra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: University of Canberra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: University of Canberra"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Neill et al. - see <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wilderdom.com/wiki/James_Neill%27s_Publications_by_Topic#Green_exercise">http://wilderdom.com/wiki/James_Neill%27s_Publications_by_Topic#Green_exercise</a></li> <li>Mackay (2008) and Mackay and Neill (2010)</li> <li>Holgate (2010)</li> <li>Rugendyke (2012)</li> <li>Neill, Mackay, Holgate, & Rugendyke (2012)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deakin">Deakin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Deakin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Deakin"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>See Townsend et al.</li> <li>Townsend, M. & Ebden, M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interenvironment.org/cipa/Feel%20Blue,%20Touch%20Green.pdf">'Feel Blue, Touch Green': Final report of a project undertaken by Deakin University, Barwon Helath, Parks Victoria, Alcoa Angelsea, ANGAIR and Surf Coast Shire</a>. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.interenvironment.org/cipa/Feel%20Blue,%20Touch%20Green.pdf">http://www.interenvironment.org/cipa/Feel%20Blue,%20Touch%20Green.pdf</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="QUT">QUT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: QUT" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: QUT"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>See Brymer et al.</li> <li>Brymer, E., Cuddihy, T. F., & Sharma-Brymer, V. (2010). The role of nature-based experiences in the development and maintenance of wellness. <i>Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education</i>, 1, 21-28.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_discussion_questions">Research and discussion questions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Research and discussion questions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Research and discussion questions"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some possible research and/or discussion questions: </p> <ol><li>What kind of green exercise do you participate in? <ol><li>Type of activity?</li> <li>Length of time?</li> <li>Location?</li> <li>Intensity?</li> <li>Alone or with others?</li> <li>How "green" (natural) is the exercise?</li> <li>Is it informally or formally organised?</li></ol></li> <li>What happens to you when you participate in green exercise?</li> <li>How does a green exercise experience differ (if at all) from physical exercise in non-natural environments?</li> <li>What do you like about green exercise?</li> <li>What do you not like about green exercise?</li> <li>How much green exercise would you ideally like to do?</li> <li>What would be your 'ideal' green exercise experience? <ol><li>Is this a one off or a routine?</li></ol></li> <li>What enables green exercise?</li> <li>What are the barriers to green exercise?</li> <li>What is the role of cognition during green exercise? e.g., what is the impact of using associative, dissociative, and environmental thinking during GE?</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2661605">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackay, G. J. S., & Neill, J. T. (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wilderdom.com/wiki/Mackay_Neill_2010_The_effect_of_green_exercise_on_state_anxiety">The effect of “green exercise” on state anxiety and the role of exercise duration, intensity, and greenness: A quasi-experimental study</a></i>. <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>, <i>11</i>(3), 238-245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neill, J. T. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wilderdom.com/wiki/Neill_2009_Green_exercise:_The_psychological_effects_of_exercising_in_nature"><i>Green exercise: The psychological effects of exercising in nature</i></a>. ORIC conference presentation. preparation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, J. & Pretty, J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es903183r">What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis</a>. <i>Environmental Science & Technology</i>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fes903183r">10.1021/es903183r</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Bratman, G. N. Daily, G. C., Levy, B. J., & Gross, J. J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spl.stanford.edu/pdfs/2015/Bratman%20LUP.pdf">The benefits of nature experience: Improved affect and cognition</a>. <i>Landscape and Urban Planning</i>. </p><p>Hansmann, R., Hug, S., & Seeland, K. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.08.004">Restoration and stress relief through physical activities in forests and parks</a>. <i>Urban Forestry & Urban Greening</i>, <i>6</i>(4), 213-225. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.08.004">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.08.004</a>. </p><p>Wooller, J. J., Barton, J., Gladwell, V. F., & Micklewright, D. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26600402">Occlusion of sight, sound and smell during Green Exercise influences mood, perceived exertion and heart rate</a>. <i>International Journal of Environmental Health Research</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: See also"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_exercise" class="extiw" title="w:Green exercise">Green exercise</a> (Wikipedia)</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Green_exercise" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Green exercise">Green exercise</a> (Commons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_education" title="Outdoor education">Outdoor education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_natural_scenes" title="Psychology of natural scenes">Psychology of natural scenes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: External links"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenexercise.org">Green exercise research programme</a>, University of Essex</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.julespretty.com">Jules Pretty</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wilderdom.com/wiki/Green_exercise">Green exercise</a> (James Neill, Wilderdom)</li> <li><a href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22Green%2Bexercise%22" class="extiw" title="google:"Green+exercise"">Green exercise</a> (Google search)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&oldid=2207616">https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Green_exercise&oldid=2207616</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Notes" title="Category:Notes">Notes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Outdoor_education" title="Category:Outdoor education">Outdoor education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Exercise_and_health" title="Category:Exercise and health">Exercise and health</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 September 2020, at 07:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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