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</div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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id="toc-永动机骗局" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#永动机骗局"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>永动机骗局</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-永动机骗局-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">永动机</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。51种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewigdurende_beweging" title="Ewigdurende beweging – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ewigdurende beweging" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حركة أبدية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة أبدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3vil_perpetuu" title="Móvil perpetuu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Móvil perpetuu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimi_m%C3%BCh%C9%99rrik" title="Daimi mühərrik – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daimi mühərrik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Вечны рухавік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вечны рухавік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Вечен двигател – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вечен двигател" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviment_perpetu" title="Moviment perpetu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moviment perpetu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Перпетуум мобиле – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Перпетуум мобиле" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Αεικίνητο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αεικίνητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perpetual motion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterna_movado" title="Eterna movado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eterna movado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3vil_perpetuo" title="Móvil perpetuo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Móvil perpetuo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiliikur" title="Igiliikur – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Igiliikur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betiereko_mugimendu" title="Betiereko mugimendu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Betiereko mugimendu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%DB%8C" title="حرکت دائمی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حرکت دائمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiliikkuja" title="Ikiliikkuja – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ikiliikkuja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_perp%C3%A9tuel" title="Mouvement perpétuel – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement perpétuel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movemento_perpetuo" title="Movemento perpetuo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Movemento perpetuo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תנועה נצחית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועה נצחית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="शाश्वत गति – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शाश्वत गति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96r%C3%B6kmozg%C3%B3" title="Örökmozgó – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Örökmozgó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Հավերժական շարժիչ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հավերժական շարժիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerak_abadi" title="Gerak abadi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerak abadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto_perpetuo" title="Moto perpetuo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Moto perpetuo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="永久機関 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="永久機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="მუდმივი ძრავა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუდმივი ძრავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мәңгілік қозғалтқыш – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мәңгілік қозғалтқыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಸಾರ್ವಕಾಲಿಕ ಚಲನಾ ಯಂತ್ರ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾರ್ವಕಾಲಿಕ ಚಲನಾ ಯಂತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AC_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="영구 기관 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영구 기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Түбөлүк кыймылдаткыч – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түбөлүк кыймылдаткыч" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C5%BEinasis_variklis" title="Amžinasis variklis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amžinasis variklis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%AB%C5%BE%C4%ABgais_dzin%C4%93js" title="Mūžīgais dzinējs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mūžīgais dzinējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="നിലയ്ക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിലയ്ക്കാത്ത ചലനങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="دائمی حرکت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دائمی حرکت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90_%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%B3%DB%90_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="تلپاتې يا پرله پسې حرکت – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تلپاتې يا پرله پسې حرکت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto-cont%C3%ADnuo" title="Moto-contínuo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moto-contínuo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Вечный двигатель – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вечный двигатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perpetual motion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Перпетуум мобиле – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перпетуум мобиле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evig_r%C3%B6relse" title="Evig rörelse – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Evig rörelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இடையறா இயக்கம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடையறா இயக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Муҳаррики абадӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаррики абадӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เครื่องจักรนิรันดร์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องจักรนิรันดร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walang_hanggang_mosyon" title="Walang hanggang mosyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Walang hanggang mosyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Вічний двигун – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вічний двигун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="دائمی حرکت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دائمی حرکت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abadiy_dvigatel" title="Abadiy dvigatel – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abadiy dvigatel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_v%C4%A9nh_c%E1%BB%ADu" title="Động cơ vĩnh cửu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động cơ vĩnh cửu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="永动机 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="永动机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="永動機 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="永動機" data-language-autonym="文言" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12623" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="Talk:永动机">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目的<b>语调或风格或許不适合百科全書。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年8月20日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請根據<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9B%B4%E4%BC%98%E7%A7%80%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97#寫作風格" title="Wikipedia:更优秀条目写作指南">指南</a>協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，並在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="Talk:永动机">讨论页</a>討論問題所在，加以改善。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Review plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此条目<b>形似<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88#維基百科不是發表創新意念的地方" title="Wikipedia:维基百科不是什么">評論</a>，須要清理。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年8月20日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit">改进條目</a>以使其語氣<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立</a>，且符合维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">品質標準</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年3月14日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%22">"永动机"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>永动机</b>是指不需外界输入<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>或在仅有一个热源的条件下便能够不断运作的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="机械">机械</a>。历史上人们曾经热衷于研制各种类型的永动机，其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A5%A5%E7%BA%B3%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E8%8A%AC%E5%A5%87" title="列奥纳多·达·芬奇">达芬奇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="詹姆斯·普雷斯科特·焦耳">焦耳</a>等学术大師<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学">热力学</a>体系建立后，學界認定永动机相悖於<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学">热力学</a>基本原理的设想，將其從正統學術界中排除<sup id="cite_ref-Derry_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derry-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但人們追尋永动机的研究始終未曾間斷。然而从一个侧面也可以认为，人类对永动机的热情以及制造永动机的种种实践，推动了热力学体系的建立和机械制造技术的进步。 </p><p>1775年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="法国科学院">法国科学院</a>通过决议，宣布永不接受永动机<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%93%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%8A%E5%95%86%E6%A0%87%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国专利及商标局">美国专利及商标局</a>严禁将专利证书授予永动机类的申请<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2017年證實<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="時間晶體">時間晶體</a>的存在，其原子運動無需任何外界能量來維持，符合「永動」的字面定義，但其能量在加入額外的能量前不可能被利用。如果時間晶體的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B5" title="熵">熵</a>不夠高，晶體可能會四散成粒子，因為後者才有更高的熵值，雖然這可能需要很久的時間<sup id="cite_ref-Cowen_2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowen_2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第一类永动机"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E7.B1.BB.E6.B0.B8.E5.8A.A8.E6.9C.BA"></span>第一类永动机</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：第一类永动机"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perpetuum1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Perpetuum1.png/150px-Perpetuum1.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Perpetuum1.png/225px-Perpetuum1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Perpetuum1.png/300px-Perpetuum1.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>魔轮：右侧重垂在重力作用下远离转动轴，力矩随之增大，驱动魔轮转动，但由于左侧重垂数量更多，平衡了系统力矩，永动无法实现。</figcaption></figure> <p>第一类永动机是最古老的永动机概念，这一类永动机试图以机械的方式在不获取能源的前提下使体系持续地向外界输出能量。 </p><p>历史上最著名的第一类永动机是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="法國人">法国人</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%86%85%E8%80%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨内考（页面不存在）">亨内考</a>在<a href="/wiki/13%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="13世纪">十三世纪</a>提出的“魔轮”，魔轮通过安放在转轮上一系列可动的<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%AC%E8%87%82" title="悬臂">悬臂</a>实现永动，向下行方向的悬臂在重力作用下会向下落下，远离转轮中心，使得下行方向力矩加大，而上行方向的悬臂在重力作用下靠近转轮中心，力矩减小，力矩的不平衡驱动魔轮的转动。<a href="/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="15世纪">十五世纪</a>，学者<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A5%A5%E7%BA%B3%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E8%8A%AC%E5%A5%87" title="列奥纳多·达·芬奇">达芬奇</a>也曾经设计一个相同原理的类似装置，1667年曾有人将达芬奇的设计付诸实践，制造一部直径5米的庞大机械，但是这些装置经过试验均以失败告终。 </p><p>除了利用力矩变化的魔轮，还有利用浮力、水力等原理的永动机问世，但经过试验，已確認这些永动机方案失敗或僅只是骗局，无一成功。 </p><p>1842年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="科学家">科学家</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94" class="mw-disambig" title="迈尔">迈尔</a>提出<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%AE%88%E6%81%92%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="能量守恒定律">能量守恒和转化定律</a>；1843年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="科学家">科学家</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" title="詹姆斯·焦耳">詹姆斯·焦耳</a>提出<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="热力学第一定律">热力学第一定律</a>，他们从理论上证明能够凭空制造能量的第一类永动机是不能实现的。热力学第一定律的表述方式之一就是：第一类永动机不可能实现<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第二类永动机"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E7.B1.BB.E6.B0.B8.E5.8A.A8.E6.9C.BA"></span>第二类永动机</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：第二类永动机"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在热力学第一定律问世后，人们认识到能量是不能被凭空制造出来的，于是有人提出，设计一类装置，从<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" title="海">海洋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大气">大气</a>乃至<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中吸取<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%BD" title="热能">热能</a>，并将这些热能作为驱动永动机转动和功输出的源头，这就是第二类永动机。 </p><p>历史上首个成型的第二类永动机装置是1881年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>人<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·加姆吉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Gamgee"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%A7%86%E5%90%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·加姆吉（页面不存在）">约翰·加姆吉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gamgee" class="extiw" title="en:John Gamgee"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Gamgee</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="美国海军">美国海军</a>设计的零发动机（<span lang="en">Zeromoter</span>），这一装置利用海水的热量将<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氨气">液氨</a>汽化，推动机械运转。但是这一装置无法持续运转，因为汽化后的液氨在没有低温热源存在的条件下无法重新液化，因而不能完成循环。 </p><p>1820年代<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88" title="工程师">工程师</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA" title="尼古拉·卡诺">尼古拉·卡诺</a>设计一种工作于两个热源之间的理想热机——<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA%E7%83%AD%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="卡诺热机">卡诺热机</a>，卡诺热机从理论上证明热机的工作效率与两个热源的温差相关。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁道夫·克劳修斯">鲁道夫·克劳修斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="第一代开尔文男爵威廉·汤姆森">开尔文</a>在研究了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="卡诺循环">卡诺循环</a>和热力学第一定律后，提出了<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="热力学第二定律">热力学第二定律</a>。这一定律指出：不可能从单一热源吸取热量，使之完全变为有用功而不产生其他影响。热力学第二定律的提出宣判第二类永动机的無效，而这一定律的表述方式之一就是：第二类永动机不可能实现。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="永动机骗局"><span id=".E6.B0.B8.E5.8A.A8.E6.9C.BA.E9.AA.97.E5.B1.80"></span>永动机骗局</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：永动机骗局"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>历史上曾经有无数人痴迷于永动机的设计和制造，在热力学体系建立之前，这些人中既有科学家，也有希望借此成名发财的投机者，而热力学体系建立后，致力于永动机设计的除了希望打破现有科学体系的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="民间科学家">民间科学家</a>”外，更多的则是一些借永动机之名牟取钱财的骗子。 </p><p>历史上著名的永动机骗局有以下： </p> <ul><li>自动轮骗局：1714年時，德国人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%8F%B2%E7%95%99%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥尔菲留斯（页面不存在）">奥尔菲留斯</a>声称发明了一部名为自动轮的永动机，这部机器每分钟旋转六十转，并能够将16公斤的物体提高相当的高度，在他宣布这消息並进行公开实验后，名噪整个<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>。1717年一位来自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>的州长在验看安放自动轮的房间后，派军队把守这座房屋，40天后他发现自动轮仍在转动，便给奥尔菲留斯颁发了鉴定证书。奥尔菲留斯靠展出自动轮获取了大量金钱，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="俄国沙皇">俄国沙皇</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="彼得大帝">彼得一世</a>甚至与他达成价值10万<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83" title="卢布">卢布</a>的购买协议。最终由于奥尔菲留斯的太太与女仆发生争执，女仆愤而曝光，原来自动轮是依靠隐藏在房间夹壁墙中的女仆牵动缆绳运转的，整个事件是一个骗局。</li></ul> <ul><li>1860年代的巴黎博览会上曾展出过一种“永动机装置”，这个装置是一个不停转动的大轮子，参观博览会的观众对这架永动机非常好奇，纷纷逆旋转方向推动轮盘阻止轮子的转动；然而这个永动装置的设计者正利用了观众的好奇心，藉由他们向后转动轮盘的动作替永动机上紧<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E6%A2%9D" title="發條">发条</a>以维持装置的运转。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%98%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="水变油事件">水變油事件</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E5%B8%82" title="哈尔滨市">哈尔滨</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="王洪成">王洪成</a>曾在1984年提出一个永动机方案，他利用他设计的永动机驱动自家的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E8%A1%A3%E6%A9%9F" title="洗衣機">洗衣机</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="电扇">电扇</a>等装置运转，不久骗局被揭穿，他制作的永动机模型是用隐藏的<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%95%E6%89%A3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="鈕扣電池">鈕扣電池</a>驱动的一个电动马达，而供应洗衣机、电扇运转的则是暗藏在地下的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="电线">电线</a>。1998年，王洪成提出自发电机的设计，称可以利用大功率蓄电池带动具备回充电功能的直流发电机，后经多次试验失败后再无下文，同年他的另一个骗局“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%98%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="水变油事件">水变油</a>”被揭穿，本人也因此入狱。</li></ul> <ul><li>中華宇宙能源超磁能機車：陳錦文以自發電機為號召，利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%A4%E5%A3%93%E5%BC%8F%E6%8E%A8%E9%8A%B7" title="層壓式推銷">層壓式推銷</a>手法（老鼠會）來進行吸金集資，並假稱是與台灣<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%99%BD%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="三陽工業">三陽工業</a>合作開發的新型電動機車，內容於產品發表會中號稱無須加油、加水、充電即可騎乘，但經媒體記者查證後坦承該車仍需更換電池<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，且三陽工業也在公司網站上公告並未與「台灣新動力產業股份有限公司」及「慶驊國際能源股份有限公司」合作或簽約研發「磁能發電機」與「磁能動力車」<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="热力学第一定律">热力学第一定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="热力学第二定律">热力学第二定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%BB%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%A2%AB%E6%89%93%E5%A3%93%E9%99%B0%E8%AC%80%E8%AB%96" title="免費能源被打壓陰謀論">免費能源被打壓陰謀論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E9%BB%9E%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="零點能量">零點能量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="時間晶體">時間晶體</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Time-Life Books (1991). <i>Inventive Genius</i>. 143 pages. Page 125. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8094-7699-1" title="Special:网络书源/0-8094-7699-1">0-8094-7699-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip J. Mirowski, (1991). <i>More Heat Than Light: Economics As Social Physics: Physics As Nature's Economics</i> 462 pages. Page 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derry-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Derry_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Derry, Gregory N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dk-xS6nABrYC&pg=PA167">What Science Is and How It Works</a>. Princeton University Press. 2002-03-04: 167 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-12</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1400823116" title="Special:网络书源/978-1400823116"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1400823116</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003044605/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dk-xS6nABrYC&pg=PA167">存档</a>于2021-10-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&rft.aufirst=Gregory+N.&rft.aulast=Derry&rft.btitle=What+Science+Is+and+How+It+Works&rft.date=2002-03-04&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1400823116&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDk-xS6nABrYC%26pg%3DPA167&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roy_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roy, Bimalendu Narayan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mpmLUjAVua4C&pg=PA58&dq=%22perpetual+motion">Fundamentals of Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 2002: 58 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-12</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002fcst.book.....N"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2002fcst.book.....N</span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0470843130" title="Special:网络书源/978-0470843130"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0470843130</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200421160736/https://books.google.com/books?id=mpmLUjAVua4C&pg=PA58&dq=%22perpetual+motion">存档</a>于2020-04-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&rft.aufirst=Bimalendu+Narayan&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Classical+and+Statistical+Thermodynamics&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0470843130&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmpmLUjAVua4C%26pg%3DPA58%26dq%3D%2522perpetual%2Bmotion&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002fcst.book.....N&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/perpetual%2Bmotion?q=perpetual+motion">Definition of perpetual motion</a>. Oxforddictionaries.com. 2012-11-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-11-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616131030/https://languages.oup.com/">存档</a>于2020-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&rft.btitle=Definition+of+perpetual+motion&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Oxforddictionaries.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fperpetual%252Bmotion%3Fq%3Dperpetual%2Bmotion&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sébastien Point, Free energy: when the web is freewheeling, Skeptikal Inquirer, January February 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schaffer, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007087400032957/type/journal_article">The show that never ends: perpetual motion in the early eighteenth century</a>. The British Journal for the History of Science. 1995-06, <b>28</b> (2): 157–189. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-0874"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0007-0874</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007087400032957"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1017/S0007087400032957</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&rft.atitle=The+show+that+never+ends%3A+perpetual+motion+in+the+early+eighteenth+century&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.aulast=Schaffer&rft.date=1995-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0007-0874&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+for+the+History+of+Science&rft.pages=157-189&rft.volume=28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0007087400032957%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0007087400032957&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2001" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/0700_706_03_a.htm">700 Examination of Applications II. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305165847/https://www.lockhaven.edu/~dsimanek/museum/themes/fake-pm.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&rft.atitle=Fake+perpetual+motion+machines+you+can+build.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lockhaven.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flockhaven.edu%2F~dsimanek%2Fmuseum%2Fthemes%2Ffake-pm.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvbs.com.tw/news/news_list.asp?no=sunkiss20111021121624">TVBS　「磁能車」未上市　傳銷拉會員先繳10萬</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-10-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221175915/http://www.tvbs.com.tw/news/news_list.asp?no=sunkiss20111021121624">存档</a>于2014-02-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&rft.btitle=TVBS%E3%80%80%E3%80%8C%E7%A3%81%E8%83%BD%E8%BB%8A%E3%80%8D%E6%9C%AA%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82%E3%80%80%E5%82%B3%E9%8A%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%9C%83%E5%93%A1%E5%85%88%E7%B9%B310%E8%90%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvbs.com.tw%2Fnews%2Fnews_list.asp%3Fno%3Dsunkiss20111021121624&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanyang.com.tw//news/con_show.php?op=showone&nid=40">三陽工業企業網站, SANYANG MOTOR</a>. www.sanyang.com.tw. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-09-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521214523/http://www.sanyang.com.tw//news/con_show.php?op=showone&nid=40">存档</a>于2019-05-21） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%89%E9%99%BD%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99%2C+SANYANG+MOTOR&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sanyang.com.tw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanyang.com.tw%2F%2Fnews%2Fcon_show.php%3Fop%3Dshowone%26nid%3D40&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span 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data-orig-title="江湖術士" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charlatan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E6%B9%96%E8%A1%93%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江湖術士（页面不存在）">江湖術士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlatan" class="extiw" title="en:Charlatan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charlatan</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%B4" title="边缘学说">邊緣學說</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="边缘科学">邊緣科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="伪考古学">伪考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="野史">野史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="垃圾科学">垃圾科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%B8%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="超常現象">超常現象</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="病態科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pathological science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%85%E6%85%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="病態科學（页面不存在）">病態科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathological_science" class="extiw" title="en:Pathological science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pathological science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B8%E9%86%AB" title="庸醫">庸醫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E6%B2%B9" title="蛇油">蛇油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="被取代的科學理論">被取代的科學理論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真信徒綜合症" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="True-believer syndrome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真信徒綜合症（页面不存在）">真信徒綜合症</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:True-believer syndrome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">True-believer syndrome</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巫毒科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Voodoo Science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%AB%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巫毒科學（页面不存在）">巫毒科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voodoo_Science" class="extiw" title="en:Voodoo Science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Voodoo Science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A%E6%98%AF%E5%81%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="被認定是偽科學的主題列表">常被归为伪科学<br />的理论或技术</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="2012年現象">2012年現象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BE%E5%88%86%E4%B9%8B%E5%8D%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="大脑的百分之十神话">大脑的百分之十神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%87%BB%E6%B3%95%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%90%E7%98%BE" title="电击法治疗网络成瘾">电击法治疗网络成瘾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%BE%A7%E5%8C%96" title="脑功能侧化">左腦與右腦的分工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">针灸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AF" title="炼金术">炼金术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="替代医学">替代医学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人智醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anthroposophic medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%99%BA%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人智醫學（页面不存在）">人智醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Anthroposophic medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anthroposophic medicine</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="應用運動機能學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Applied kinesiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="應用運動機能學（页面不存在）">應用運動機能學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" class="extiw" title="en:Applied kinesiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Applied kinesiology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%8C%BF%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="水猿假說">水猿假說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%AF" title="占星术">占星术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E8%8C%A8%E6%B3%95" title="贝茨法">贝茨法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E8%BE%B2%E6%B3%95" title="生物動力農法">生物動力農法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E8%A1%80" title="放血">放血</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="細胞記憶">細胞記憶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%BD%E8%AE%8A%E8%AB%96" title="災變論">災變論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AA%A8%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="脊骨神經醫學">脊骨神經醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光譜療法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chromotherapy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光譜療法（页面不存在）">光譜療法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Chromotherapy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chromotherapy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%AC%80%E8%AB%96" title="陰謀論">陰謀論</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E9%99%B0%E8%AC%80%E8%AB%96" title="九一一事件陰謀論">九一一事件陰謀論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B0%BE%E8%BF%B9%E9%98%B4%E8%B0%8B%E8%AE%BA" title="化学尾迹阴谋论">化学尾迹阴谋论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E8%AA%AA" title="全球暖化否定說">全球暖化否定說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%99%BB%E6%9C%88%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E9%98%B4%E8%B0%8B%E8%AE%BA" title="阿波罗登月计划阴谋论">阿波罗登月计划阴谋论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E6%8E%A7" title="腦控">腦控</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%E8%BF%B4%E8%BD%89%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="LGBT迴轉治療">轉換療法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水晶療法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crystal healing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水晶療法（页面不存在）">水晶療法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_healing" class="extiw" title="en:Crystal healing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crystal healing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="神秘動物學">神秘動物學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="排毒 (替代醫學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E6%AF%92_(%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排毒 (替代醫學)（页面不存在）">排毒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" class="extiw" title="en:Detoxification (alternative medicine)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Detoxification (alternative medicine)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="結腸清洗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Colon cleansing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="結腸清洗（页面不存在）">結腸清洗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_cleansing" class="extiw" title="en:Colon cleansing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Colon cleansing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%B0%BC%E6%8F%90" title="戴尼提">戴尼提</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%BD%E6%9E%90" title="聽析">聽析</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科斯特醫生的防氣丸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Doktor Koster's Antigaspills"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E9%98%B2%E6%B0%A3%E4%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科斯特醫生的防氣丸（页面不存在）">科斯特醫生的防氣丸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills" class="extiw" title="en:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Doktor Koster's Antigaspills</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8B%E6%B0%B4%E8%A1%93" title="尋水術">尋水術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E7%87%AD" title="耳燭">耳燭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E7%97%87" title="電磁波過敏症">電磁波過敏症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="電子語音現象">電子語音現象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="風水">風水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E8%AA%AA" title="地平說">地平說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96" title="細菌理論否定論">細菌理論否定論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%B7%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="筆跡學">筆跡學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%82%B3%E5%BF%83" title="動物傳心">動物傳心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="艾滋病重估运动">艾滋病重估运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E%E8%AF%B4" title="地球空洞说">地球空洞说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%86%B7%E5%87%8D%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="人體冷凍技術">人體冷凍技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%8A%BF%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="顺势疗法">顺势疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%8A%91%E9%87%8F%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BD%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="超劑量維他命療法">超劑量維他命療法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">體液學說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9B%E8%89%B2%E7%B3%BB%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A9" title="靛色系小孩">靛色系小孩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%BC%97%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="雅弗理论">雅弗理论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="懸停 (超常現象)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Levitation (paranormal)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%B8%E5%81%9C_(%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%B8%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="懸停 (超常現象)（页面不存在）">懸停</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" class="extiw" title="en:Levitation (paranormal)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Levitation (paranormal)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="月球效應" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lunar effect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E6%95%88%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="月球效應（页面不存在）">月球效應</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_effect" class="extiw" title="en:Lunar effect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lunar effect</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%A3%AE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="李森科主义">李森科主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%99%82" title="磁療">磁療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E9%9D%88" title="通靈">通靈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑色素理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Melanin theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑色素理論（页面不存在）">黑色素理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Melanin theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Melanin 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title="智能设计">智能设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="量子神秘主義">量子神秘主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="超心理学">超心理学</a></li></ul></li> <li>誤把軼事證據當成科學證據支持 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="宗教經驗">宗教經驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="前世記憶">前世記憶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="信仰治療">信仰治療</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">伪科学拥护者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安德鲁·韦克菲尔德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Andrew Wakefield"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安德鲁·韦克菲尔德（页面不存在）">安德鲁·韦克菲尔德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" class="extiw" title="en:Andrew Wakefield"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Andrew Wakefield</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%96%AC%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="狄巴克·喬布拉">狄巴克·乔布拉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盖亚公司" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gaia, Inc."><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%96%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盖亚公司（页面不存在）">盖亚公司</a></span><span class="noprint 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